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Early detection of such a formidable complication of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) as pulmonary hypertension (PH) is an urgent problem in pediatrics. Echocardiography is currently recognized as the most accessible and non-invasive method for determining pressure in the pulmonary artery. Disorders of alveogenesis and angiogenesis of the vessels of the small circulatory circle in premature infants forming BPD require careful echocardiographic control with using additional analysis of changes in the systolic eccentricity index (EI) as a reliable marker of PH in BPD infants. To increase the information content, it is also necessary to expand the use of EchoCG data in combination with analysis of the blood content of B type natriuretic peptide or the N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide.

Introduction. To date, Рalivizumab is the only approved monoclonal antibody preparation used to prevent the development of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. The aim of the work is to evaluate the benefits of immunization with Palivizumab in premature infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia in a day hospital of the Federal Center. Materials and methods. One hundred seven infants of different gestational age at birth were immunized with Palivizumab in the day patient department of hospital-replacing technologies. The preparation was administered to infants at risk for the formation of severe consequences of an RSV infection. Results. Of the 107 children hospitalized in the day hospital, 74 premature babies were diagnosed with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (69%). Before immunization all infants were consulted by pediatrician, pulmonologist, and if necessary, other specialists. Discussion. The length of stay of children in a day hospital ranged from 2 to 3.5 hours on average. Each child stayed with their parents in a separate room. During this time period, the patient received the full range of the services associated with immunization. Conclusion. Thus, immunization with Palivizumab in a day hospital of the Federal Center allows implementing a comprehensive multidisciplinary and individual approach to each infant, without exposing him to an undesirable risk of infection, in compliance with the principle of staged nursing of premature infants for patients with a new form of bronchopulmonary dysplasia who need a long follow-up observation.

Vaccination is one of the essential areas of preventive medicine for protecting the population from diseases and infections. They have helped reduce the incidence of severe childhood diseases and, in some cases, have even eradicated some of the world’s infectious diseases. However, since the first available vaccine against smallpox, antivaccine prophylaxis has always accompanied an antivaccine movement based on various myths. More recently, the development of this movement is connected for many reasons. First of all, it is associated with forgetting the world’s population of the severity of many infectious diseases, the consequences of epidemics, and the availability of any information on the Internet. Leading to myths, parents refuse to vaccinate their children, resulting in reduced vaccination coverage, reduced collective immunity and outbreaks of diseases that have already been considered conquered. The article reviews the literature on the results of anti-vaccination research conducted in the Russian Federation and abroad concerning the causes, main postulates of this movement, trends and directions. Scientific evidence is presented that disproves anti-vaccination myths, and the primary arguments for vaccination are presented. The article describes the anti-vaccination movement’s worldwide trend and the Russian features. The position of WHO is presented about overcoming barriers to the adoption and use of vaccines.

The aim of the work is to analyze the data of Echo-CG examination of premature infants who have formed and have not formed bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) to determine the frequency of the formation of pulmonary hypertension (PH). Materials and methods. A total of 199 preterm infants treated in the Department of Pathology of Newborns were examined. The first group included moderate and severe BPD children (n = 117; 59%). The second group consisted of children without BPD within clearly decreed terms (n = 82; 41%). In each group, patients were divided into four subgroups by the gestational age at birth and the timing of the Echo-CG. Results. Only two (1.1%) patients out of 117 BPD children of the first group were diagnosed with pulmonary hypertension (PH). In 3 (2.5%) of 117 infants of the same group, enlargement of the right heart without PH was revealed. Out of 82 children without BPD, two patients had signs of right heart enlargement. PH was not diagnosed in any of the patients in this group. Discussion. To aggravate the efficiency of PH diagnosis, a number of indices of screening echocardiography seem to be increased by additional analysis of changes in the systolic eccentricity index (EI), as a reliable marker of PH in BPD children. Systolic IE should be integrated into screening in preterm infants for the diagnosis of PH. The use of Echo-CG data along with analysis of blood BNP or NT-proBNP blood content be also expanded. Optimizing the diagnosis of PH at the early stages of BPD is necessary to increase the efficacy of targeted therapy and reduce the risk of severe complications of BPD.

In current conditions, the most effective method of preventing pneumococcal infections (PI) is vaccination, which can significantly reduce the incidence and mortality from pneumococcus and reduce the level of antibiotic resistance. The use of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines has reduced the incidence of invasive PIs in vaccinated children and unvaccinated populations. This is especially true for children with severe somatic pathology, including those with various forms of heart failure (HF). The data show that vaccination of sick HF children can be a clinically effective intervention to improve the treatment results of circulatory failure and improve patients’ quality of life. However, questions regarding the optimal timing of vaccination of sick children with heart failure, dose, frequency and strategies of vaccine introduction still need to be resolved. Data on the pathophysiology of cardioprotection provision during effective vaccination against PI, influenza and COVID-19 in cardiac pathology are summarized. The authors recommend providing conditions for effective vaccine prevention of PI in children with heart failure.

The severity of the course of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in the population changes due to the increase in the number of children born with very low and extremely low body weight, the introduction into the practice of new standards of respiratory support for premature infants, drug prevention and treatment of this pathology. The aim of the work is to determine the influence of BPD form, gestational age, birth weight, concomitant diseases on the severity of its course in children. Materials and methods. In 72 BPD children aged from 1 month to 3 years, the severity of the course of the disease was determined according to the computed tomography of the chest organs, using an assessment of the severity in points on a special scale as follows: 0-5 points for mild BPD, 6-10 points - moderate, 11-15 points - severe. Results. In children born after 2012, a moderate course of BPD prevails (8.1 ± 0.32 points), being typical for both the classical (55.1%) and new (69.7%) forms of the disease. The classical form is more severe than the new one (9.0 ± 0.1 and 7.53 ± 0.38 points; p = 0.009). BPD was more severe in children with gestational age less than 28 weeks than in children with gestational age of 29-32 weeks (9.0 ± 0.4 and 7.4 ± 0.6 points; p = 0.000). BPD was more severe in children with birth weight less than 1000 g than in children with birth weight 1000-1500 g (8.79 ± 0.49 and 7.18 ± 0.61 points; p = 0.000). When BPD was combined with patent ductus arteriosus or pulmonary hypertension, the disease progressed more severely than in the absence of these forms of pathology (9.6 ± 0.8, 10.0 ± 0.7 and 7.22 ± 0.34 points; p = 0.031). The severity of changes detected by computed tomography of the chest organs decreases by the age of 3 years, but recovery was not complete in any of the examined patients: 8.6 ± 1.0 points at the age of 6 months and 6.2 ± 0.44 points by 3 years (p = 0.009). Conclusion. In children aged 1 month to 3 years, the severity of BPD is influenced by the form of the disease, gestational age, birth weight, concomitant patent ductus arteriosus or pulmonary hypertension, and the age at which the examination is performed.

Prevention of exacerbations of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) directly affects the outcome of the disease and belongs to the priority areas of pulmonology of early childhood age. Seasonal immunoprophylaxis of the severe course of respiratory syncytial viral infection (RSVI) with palivizumab and vaccine prophylaxis of pneumococcal and hemophilic infections in children who have formed BPD has been established to allow to reduce the frequency of hospitalization, resuscitation and death. The authors present their own data on results of passive and active immunization of BPD children against pathogens of the respiratory spectrum.

Features of parts machining in rotor-screw technological systems are presented. It is shown that the mass of the load, consisting of the processed parts and the granulated working medium, is located along the internal perimeter of the screw rotor asymmetrically to the axis of its rotation. In this regard, there are difficulties in designing the rotor-screw machines drive, and in the rationale for its optimal power. A technique is proposed for calculating the drive power of rotor-screw machines, which makes it possible to carry out a techno-economic assessment study of their applicability for finishing-hardening machining of parts in machinebuilding production. The technique is illustrated on the basis of justifying the drive power of a rotor-screw machine for hardening the details of St3 steel in a screw rotor mounted from 9 octahedra, steel balls are used as a working medium.

The technology of obtaining an abrasive tool on a ceramic bond for surfacing components made of chrome-nickel steels and alloys including the composition of the abrasive mass with wood flour, and the process of tool impregnation with an aqueous solution of chrome diiodide are considered. The comparison results on the efficiency of grindstones made according to the developed technology with their redress life between two consecutive shapings, and the performance quality indices of the processed component surfaces are presented. An empirical dependence of the efficient grindstone life between two consecutive shapings on the component speed, length feed, infeed movement, and the chrome diiodide saturation in the impregnated grindstone, is obtained. It can be used by production managers to optimize the modes of surfacing components from chrome-nickel steels and alloys providing the required performance quality indices. The mechanism of loss of function of the grindstone impregnated with chrome diiodide is considered.

The ways of productivity increase in details finishing-strengthening processing executed in rotor-screw technological systems are presented. It is shown that the use of rotor-screw machines makes it possible to combine the parts machining using a vibrating field with a large amplitude of oscillations and their transportation in a streamlined form of production organization. Two main directions of rotor-helical processing stimulation are identified: on the basis of structural changes in the screw rotor, as the main working element of the rotor-screw machine and by equipping the screw rotor with activation elements of the process. The classification of screw rotors is presented, which allows purposeful search for the most effective designs of screw rotors and the mechanism is revealed of their influence on the process of parts finishing-hardening processing. Dependence is established for determining the longitudinal movement speed of the parts being processed in the screw rotor. The constructive-technological scheme of the rotor-screw machine is proposed, which allows increase of the productivity of the process and simplification of the design of machines for their implementation, by dismembering the complex screw propulsion of the load mass, which takes place in the screw rotors, into relatively simple in kinematic sense motions. The technological possibilities of rotor-screw processing application for finishing-strengthening operations are presented.

The analysis of the results of experimental studies of production of zinc coverings by the way of vibration chemical and mechanical synthesis words.