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The study explores the potential of green extraction techniques—Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE), Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE), and Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE)—for obtaining natural food colorants from various plant materials. These methods were assessed based on efficiency, yield, environmental impact, and cost-effectiveness. MAE, UAE, and SFE demonstrated higher extraction yields and purity levels of bioactive compounds such as anthocyanins, carotenoids, and betacyanins compared to conventional methods. The environmental benefits of these green techniques include reduced energy consumption, minimal waste production, and the use of non-toxic solvents. However, technological barriers in scaling up, regulatory and safety considerations, and cost implications were identified as challenges. Future research opportunities lie in optimizing extraction conditions, improving scalability, ensuring regulatory compliance, and developing cost-effective solutions. The integration of these sustainable extraction methods into the food industry aligns with eco-friendly practices and meets the growing consumer demand for natural and safe food ingredients.

This study provides a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of research trends in wood waste valorisation, focusing on key areas such as biofuel production, biochemical processes, and the integration of sustainability practices. The data reveals that China, the United States, and Canada are leading contributors in terms of both document output and citations, reflecting their significant roles in advancing the field. The analysis highlights the growing importance of integrated approaches, combining biochemical and thermochemical processes to optimize the conversion of wood waste into valuable bio-products. Co-occurrence network visualization of keywords indicates a strong focus on biofuel production, biochar, and circular economy principles, suggesting these areas will be central to future research directions. The study concludes that the field is set for considerable growth, with future research likely to emphasize scaling technologies, improving biochar applications, and fostering cross-disciplinary collaborations to enhance the sustainability and economic viability of wood waste valorisation. This research underscores the pivotal role of wood waste in the emerging bioeconomy, offering insights into future trends and opportunities for innovation.

One industry that is experiencing the impact of these dynamics is the furniture sales industry. Furniture stores, including Junaida Furniture Stores, also face challenges in leveraging technology to improve customer service and optimize their business performance. Even though Junaida Furniture Store has been established since 2021 and offers a variety of household furniture, the ordering process which is still limited to direct visits to the store is an obstacle in increasing sales and retaining loyal customers. In the midst of increasingly fierce competition in the furniture industry, it is important for Junaida Furniture Store to look for solutions that can make it superior and sustainable. Therefore, the proposed solution is to implement Customer Relationship Management (CRM). By utilizing technology to collect and analyze customer data, Junaida Furniture Store can provide more relevant and personalized services. This will increase customer satisfaction and strengthen the bond between store and customer. In the context of increasingly tight business competition, Junaida Furniture Store's competitive advantage will become increasingly visible through quality service and close relationships with customers

ABSTRAK Penurunan performa baterai terjadi akibat siklus pengisian dan pengosongan berulang yang melebihi batas, mempercepat degradasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan akurasi estimasi State of Charge (SOC) baterai menggunakan Artificial Neural Network (ANN) dengan algoritma Elman Backpropagation. Metode digunakan karena menambahkan lapisan context neuron yang mampu menangkap pola dinamis pada data baterai. Pengujian dilakukan dengan membandingkan hasil estimasi SOC dari metode ini dengan metode Coulomb Counting. SOC baterai diestimasi dari 100% hingga 60%, dan hasil menunjukkan bahwa meskipun Coulomb Counting awalnya memberikan SOC lebih tinggi, estimasi dari kedua metode menjadi lebih mirip seiring waktu. Error estimasi berkisar antara 0,1% hingga 14,7%. Algoritma Elman Backpropagation terbukti mampu memberikan estimasi SOC yang lebih akurat, namun masih memerlukan kalibrasi lebih lanjut untuk meningkatkan presisi. Kata kunci: Artificial Neural Network, Baterai, Coulumb Counting, Elman Backpropagation, State of Charge. ABSTRACT The decline in battery performance occurs due to repeated charge and discharge cycles that exceed limits, accelerating degradation. This study aimed to improve the accuracy of State of Charge (SOC) estimation using an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) with the Elman Backpropagation algorithm. The method used was unique in adding a context neuron layer capable of capturing dynamic patterns in battery data. Testing was conducted by comparing SOC estimates from this method with the Coulomb Counting method. The battery's SOC was estimated from 100% to 60%, and the results showed that although Coulomb Counting initially provided higher SOC estimates, the estimates from both methods became more similar over time. Estimation errors ranged from 0.1% to 14.7%. The Elman Backpropagation algorithm proved to provide more accurate SOC estimates, although further calibration is needed to improve precision. Keywords: Artificial Neural Network, Battery, Coulumb Counting, Elman Backpropagation, State of Charge.

This bibliographic review paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the scholarly literature on biopesticides utilized in corn pest management, employing a bibliometric approach to identify current trends and prospects in the field. The growing demand for sustainable agricultural practices has fueled interest in biopesticides as effective alternatives to conventional chemical pesticides. By systematically examining relevant publications, this review synthesizes the collective knowledge on biopesticide applications in corn production, encompassing various types of biopesticides, their modes of action, efficacy against key corn pests, and environmental considerations. The study synthesizes recent advances in microbial, botanical, and biochemical biopesticides such as Bacillus thuringiensis, neem extracts, and linalool, highlighting their specificity, minimal environmental impact, and potential to reduce pest resistance. It delves into the modes of action, including insecticidal activity, feeding disruption, and pest reproduction inhibition. The review also outlines an integrated pest management (IPM) strategy that combines biopesticides with agronomic practices, including crop rotation, biological control agents, and resistant crop varieties. This combined approach aims to enhance pest suppression, improve yield sustainability, and reduce chemical pesticide reliance. The findings provide valuable insights into sustainable corn pest management practices, promoting environmental conservation and agricultural productivity. Ultimately, this review aims to provide researchers, policymakers, and practitioners with a valuable resource for understanding the current landscape of biopesticides in corn pest management and guiding future research directions toward sustainable crop protection strategies.

Water is an important resource for performing ablution before prayer. However, lack of communication and information between prayer congregations regarding the amount of water used during ablution, the absence of environmental protection consciousness, and the impact of cultural behavior can be the factors causing wasteful water use during ablution. This study aims to design and implement an internet-based monitoring system that integrates cultural values in evaluating ablution water consumption. The correlation between cultural dimensions and preferences for an online monitoring system of ablution practices was examined using confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling. The results showed that uncertainty avoidance, power distance, and long-term orientation were identified to significantly influence online monitoring preferences for ablution activities. The preferences of sensor accuracy, safety case to cover from water, and durable material were determined as the most important design specifications for online monitoring systems. The real-time evaluation of online monitoring was performed through smartphone applications and web-based interfaces. Considering cultural preferences when developing a water monitoring system strategy can increase awareness regarding environmental sustainability, advocate for conscientious water management, and control water usage. The inclusion of cultural value in the design process is expected to provide valuable insights for product designers when establishing design specifications. Additionally, it expands the usefulness of Hofstede’s cultural theory in the context of the creation and development of products.

The global production of commercial aquatic plants, which includes macroalgae, has reached 31.2 million. To unlock the vast potential of brown algae as abundant sources of diverse bioactive compounds, efficient extraction methods aligned with sustainability goals are crucial. This comprehensive review delves into the paradigm shift towards green extraction techniques tailored for brown algae. The bioactive compounds present in brown algae hold substantial industrial value, extending across pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, food, and agriculture. However, conventional methods like solvent extraction and hydro distillation face challenges related to environmental impact and efficiency. The review emphasizes the principles of green extraction and thoroughly examines advanced methods such as supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), and subcritical water extraction (SWE), providing insights into their mechanisms, advantages, and applications. This review gathers information from articles published in English between 2004 and 2023. While recognizing the obstacles in implementing green methods, the review also outlines future directions for sustainable extraction of bioactive compounds from brown algae. By embracing eco-friendly techniques, both researchers and industries can effectively harness bioactive compounds while contributing to environmental well-being.

Second branded fashionable classy range engaged in fashion thrifting clothing that sells a variety of thrifting clothing such as imported tops, pants, dresses, children's clothing and tunics. Thrifting clothes are second brand clothes that are still very feasible to resell or use, thrifting activities are very much in demand, especially teenagers because the prices are relatively cheap and affordable, making an attraction for teenagers. It is unfortunate that in the second year of the second branded fashionable classy range store experienced a decline in sales, so something is needed that can help increase sales and marketing. With the research conducted, the author produces a change that can help in the marketing and service process by creating a web-based information system with the help of application programs such as PHP and MySQL that combine CRM (Customer Relationship Management) strategies. CRM is a business strategy that focuses on good relationships with customers and companies, in designing the system also used 3 phases contained in CRM, namely customer acquisition, customer maintenance and customer development.

Nutmeg is a spice with a rich history of culinary and medicinal use. It boasts a diverse array of bioactive compounds with promising health-promoting properties, making it a subject of increasing interest in the food, pharmaceutical, and nutraceutical industries. This review article delves into the sustainable extraction of nutmeg phytochemicals, exploring the opportunities and challenges associated with adopting green extraction techniques. The primary objective of this review is to shed light on the potential of green extraction methods to harness nutmeg’s valuable phytochemicals while mitigating the environmental impact of the extraction process. The article then explores the prospective green extraction strategies, highlighting various techniques and technologies that have been applied successfully to obtain nutmeg phytochemicals in an eco-friendly manner. Through case studies, we present real-world examples that showcase the viability and advantages of green extraction approaches. Nevertheless, the road to sustainable nutmeg extraction is challenging. In conclusion, this review underscores the potential of green extraction techniques to unlock the vast promise of nutmeg phytochemicals. By identifying prospective strategies and addressing associated roadblocks, we offer insights into a more sustainable and environmentally responsible approach to nutmeg extraction, providing valuable guidance for researchers, industry professionals, and policymakers seeking to enhance the nutmeg sector while prioritizing sustainability and environmental conservation.

Ulva Lactuca, commonly known as sea lettuce, is a green seaweed species that has attracted significant attention due to its remarkable potential as a prolific source of bioactive compounds. This comprehensive review explores the various extraction techniques harnessed to isolate these bioactive compounds from Ulva Lactuca while shedding light on the diverse health applications these compounds encompass. Within the review, considerable emphasis is placed on detailing the plethora of bioactive compounds inherent to Ulva Lactuca, spanning polysaccharides, phenolic compounds, fatty acids, pigments, minerals, and vitamins. Furthermore, a comprehensive analysis of the potential health benefits of these bioactive constituents is provided, encompassing their roles in antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory properties, cardiovascular health, neuroprotection, and skin health enhancement. Addressing the broader scope of this review, significant attention is given to the challenges that currently permeate this field of research, including issues related to sustainability, standardization of extraction processes, formulation strategies, and avenues for further exploration. This examination culminates in the realization that Ulva Lactuca is a promising and versatile reservoir of bioactive ingredients, potentially revolutionising various industries such as food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. Consequently, the future promises exciting prospects for the continued exploration and exploitation of Ulva Lactuca's wealth of bioactive compounds.

Pendahuluan : Ketidakstabilan pada sendi lutut biasanya disebabkan oleh adanya rupture pada ligamen di sendi lutut, salah satunya rupture Anterior Cruciatum Ligament (ACL). Tujuan: Memberikan gambaran manajemen fisioterapi pada kasus post operasi rekonstruksi ACL. Metode: Studi ini merupakan laporan kasus, data primer diperoleh melalui autoanamnesis, alloanamnesis, dan pemeriksaan fisik. Hasil: Pasien atas nama Tn. R berusia 19 tahun dengan diagnosis post operative rekonstruksi ACL diberikan penanganan fisioterapi seperti electrotherapy, strengthening exercise, patella mobilization dan partial weight bearing. Hasil evaluasi 8 kali fisioterapi terjadi perubahan pada aspek nyeri dan peningkatan lingkup gerak sendi pada regio knee. Kesimpulan: Setelah 8 kali pertemuan dan diberikan electrotherapy seperti infrared rays¸ interferential current dan high volt serta beberapa exercise seperti quat set, strengthening exercise, aktif dan pasif ROM, mobilisasi patella, latihan partial weight bearing dapat menurunkan oedem, nyeri, meningkatkan kekuatan otot dan ROM pasien yang telah operasi rekonstruksi ACL.

The paper examines the advancements and obstacles in environmentally sustainable extraction methods for natural products in Indonesia. It presents a comprehensive examination of conventional extraction methodologies utilized in Indonesia and analyses their inherent constraints and ecological ramifications. The subsequent section of the paper examines a range of environmentally friendly extraction methods, encompassing their underlying principles, advantages, disadvantages, and instances of their implementation in the context of Indonesia. Furthermore, the study examines the challenges and constraints associated with green extraction practices in Indonesia, encompassing technical and economic impediments and regulatory concerns. Furthermore, this study explores recent advancements in environmentally sustainable extraction methods for natural products in Indonesia and their potential practical uses. The review underscores the importance of implementing environmentally responsible and sustainable extraction practices in Indonesia and provides recommendations for further research and development in this area. The article offers significant perspectives on the condition of green extraction methods employed for Indonesian natural products and highlights potential pathways for future progress in this field.

Kualitas sistem organ tubuh meningkat melalui proses yang sistematis, ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kebugaran jasmani. WHO menyatakan dalam Global Recommendations on Physical Activity for Health, bahwa ada efek yang menguntungkan dan konsisten dari kapasitas fisik dalam mempertahankan berat badan. Dengan VO2Max yang baik maka seseorang mampu dengan maksimal menerima dan menjalankan program latihan sesuai dengan kapasitas fisik. Tujuan: penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran IMT, Vo2max, dan kapasitas fisik pada 56 mahasiswa baru prodi Fisioterapi angkatan 2022 Universitas Hasanuddin Pasca Pembelajaran Online. Metode: menggunakan metode penelitian analitik deskriptif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Hasil penelitian: 56 mahasiswa dilakukan pengukuran terhadap nilai IMT, Vo2Max, serta kapasitas fisik (pull up, push up, sit up) didapatkan hasil berupa nilai sempurna untuk pull up (14,4%), push up (14,3%), sit up (16,1%) dengan kategori IMT normal. Sedangkan untuk kapasitas fisik sempurna untuk push up (7,1%), sit up (1,8%), pull up (7,1%) dengan kategori nilai Vo2Max bagus. Kesimpulan: secara umum indeks massa tubuh, Vo2Max dan kapasitas fisik pada mahasiswa fisioterapi angkatan 2022, menunjukan bahwa responden yang memiliki indeks massa tubuh dengan hasil obesitas dan gemuk sulit untuk melakukan kegiatan kapasitas fisik. Data Vo2Max yang didapatkan dari latihan yang dilakukan hanya pus up yang memiliki hasil yang sempurna.

Para atlet esports mempunyai kebiasaan saat latihan ataupun pertandingan mempunyai posisi duduk yang tidak ergonomis dalam durasi yang lama bisa mengakibatkan forward head posture. Forward head posture dapat menyebabkan stres yang berkelanjutan pada bagian otot cervical dan otot bagian shoulder yang bisa mempengaruhi terjadinya spasme pada otot dan dapat menimbulkan rasa nyeri pada otot upper trapezius. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan forward head posture dengan kejadian nyeri otot upper trapezius. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross sectional dan pengambilan sampel dengan metode purposive sampling dengan jumlah sampel empat puluh tiga (n=43) yang merupakan atlet esports di kota Makassar. Data yang diperoleh berupa derajat forward head posture dan tingkat disabilitas pada neck pain. Penelitian ini memperoleh hasil nilai signifikansi (p) variabel FHP dengan neck pain sebesar 0,298 (p>0,05), berdasarkan uji korelasi diperoleh koefisien korelasi (r) sebesar -0,163. Tidak ada hubungan signifikan antara forward head posture dengan nyeri pada otot upper trapezius pada atlet esports di kota Makassar.

Kondisi adanya obstruksi saluran napas atau Sindrom Obstruksi Pasca Tuberkulosis (SOPT). Pasien tuberkulosis dengan lesi paru minimal bisa menyebabkan kerusakan paru yang terjadi pada saluran pernapasan obstruktif dimana membuat komplikasi terjadi pada sebagian besar penderita tuberkulosis setelah pengobatan dengan gejala sisa paling sering gangguan paru yang bersifat obstruktif. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk memberikan gambaran manajemen fisioterapi pada kasus SOPT. Studi ini merupakan laporan kasus, data primer diperoleh melalui autoanamnesis, alloanamnesis, dan pemeriksaan fisik. Pasien pria usia 52 tahun melakukan tindakan fisioterapi dengan keluhan utama berupa sesak napas, batuk dan kecemasaan. Pasien mendapatkan intervensi fisioterapi dalam satu sesi per minggu selama dua minggu. Hasil positif pada penurunan sesak dan batuk juga kecemasaan. Laporan kasus ini menggambarkan presentasi klinis dan manajemen fisioterapi kasus SOPT dimana program fisioterapi yang bersifat individu dan mempentingkan keadaan klinis pasien.

In this report, naturally available materials have been utilized in the development of acoustic absorbers. This work presents the study of the effect of oil palm trunks dust (OPTD) loading to the mechanical and acoustical properties of elastomeric thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). Four composite sheets of 3-mm thickness were prepared by varying the OPTD loadings with 10–40% wt into the polyurethane. Density, modulus elasticity, sound absorption coefficient and sound transmission loss of the samples were measured according to corresponding standards. The OPTD is found to reduce the density of the elastomeric polyurethane and at the same time, it increases the Young's modulus up to 215 MPa. The composite material can be applied as sound absorber panel installed in front of a rigid wall with an air gap. Increasing the air gap, thus lowering the air stiffness, shifts the absorption peak to a lower frequency. With OPTD loadings, the formation of micro-pores in the inner structure helps to improve the peak of sound absorption of the panel at the resonant frequency which can reach above 0.9. As the OPTD loading has effect on density, the effect on the sound transmission loss at the mass-controlled region is also apparent.

Abstract The purpose of this work was to establish the best particle size for recovering high yields of total phenolic compounds (TPC), total anthocyanin compounds(TAC) and total flavonoid compounds (TFC) from roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) by applying supercritical carbon dioxide (ScCO2). The extraction rate, diffusivity and solubility of yield in ScCO2 were also studied and calculated utilizing models. Pressure (10 and 30 MPa), temperature (40 and 60 °C), and particle size (250 µm

The widely used DC-DC converters are inductor-based DC-DC converters and inductors along with combustion. The use of inductors can lead to large power losses, as well as heavy components in real terms. The proposed converter warning array aims to increase the voltage with a large increase ratio through a switching configuration process. This switching method is very simple and uses two pulses that are opposite each other so that the array converter can work optimally, whose function is to adjust the arrangement in a parallel arrangement to a series arrangement. The advantage of using a device is that it makes DC-based DC conversion lightweight and easy to implement. Tests have been carried out on 5 hanger arrays with a power of 80 W and 65 W, and the data from the test results show that the voltage increase ratio reaches 81.5 % or 4.08 times the input voltage, which indicates that the array converter warning is able to increase the input voltage according to the number of the arrays.

Stabilization of the tibia when moving forward and rotational movements of the knee joint will be assisted by one of the ligaments in the knee joint, namely the Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL). This study aims to present physiotherapy management strategies to help reduce pain, prevent stiffness, increase muscle strength, decrease muscle spasms, increase the joint scope of motion, and overcome edema. The method used in this study is a case report. Primary data are obtained through auto anamnesis and physical examination. Holistic diagnosis assessment is carried out quantitatively from the study's beginning, process, and end. The result is that a 33-year-old male patient with a postoperative diagnosis of ACL underwent surgery on November 14, 2022, and has done therapy 7 times; the patient has experienced significant changes. It can be concluded that postoperative ACL rehabilitation can reduce edema and pain, increase muscle strength, and increase ROM. Finding interventions that can be applied to learning and modification of interventions is also recommended to assist in post-ACL reconstruction recovery to return to daily activities. The diagnosis and treatment of physiotherapy in patients are by the latest theories and research. In the evaluation, clinical improvement of patients and increased knowledge were obtained

Stabilisasi tanah adalah suatu proses untuk memperbaiki sifat-sifat tanah dengan menambahkan bahan aditif agar dapat menaikkan kekuatan tanah. Tanah lempung adalah jenis tanah yang memiliki nilai daya dukung yang kecil sehingga diperlukan upaya stabilisasi agar dapat meningkatkan nilai daya dukungnya. Wilayah Indonesia cenderung mempunyai tanah jenis lempung contohnya seperti daerah Universitas Musamus, Rimba Jaya, Kabupaten Merauke, Provinsi Papua Selatan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui karakteristik tanah dan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan semen + tailing terhadap nilai kuat tekan bebas. Di dalam penelitian ini, proses stabilisasi yaitu mencampur tanah asli dengan semen + tailing dalam berbagai variasi yaitu 8% semen + 5% tailing, 8% semen + 10% tailing, dan 8% semen + 15% tailing. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa sampel tanah dapat diklasifikasikan sebagai tanah lempung dengan plastisitas tinggi yaitu A-6 menurut AASHTO. Penambahan semen dan tailing mempengaruhi nilai kuat tekan bebas, tanah asli memiliki nilai kuat tekan 9.62 kg/ setelah distabilisasi dengan kadar 8% semen dan tailing dengan variasi kadar 5%, 10% dan 15% nilai UCS yang didapatkan adalah 21.73 kg/ , 24.95 kg/ , dan 26.19 kg/ . Selain itu, hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan semen dan tailing dengan variasi persentase dapat meningkatkan nilai CBR soaked menjadi 10.71% dengan persentase optimum pada kadar fly ash 15%. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa semen dan tailing mampu menaikkan daya dukung tanah lempung. Soil stabilization is a process to improve soil properties by adding additives to increase soil strength. Clay soil is a type of soil that has a small bearing capacity, therefore stabilization is needed to increase its bearing capacity value. The majority of Indonesia's territory tends to have clay soil type, for example, around Muramus University, Rimba Jaya, Merauke, South Papua. The aim of this research is to determine the characteristics of the soil and to ensure the effectiveness of the addition of cement and tailing on the value of unconfined compressive strength. In this research, the stabilization process involved mixing original soil with cement + tailing in any variations, which is 8% cement + 5% tailing ash, 8% cement + 10% tailing, and 8% cement + 15% tailing. The soil sample can be classified as clay with high plasticity, namely A-6 according to AASHTO. The addition of cement + tailing affects the value of unconfined compressive strength, the original soil has a compressive strength value of 9.62 kg/cm2 after stabilization with 8% cement and tailing with varying levels of 5%, 10% and 15% UCS values ​​obtained are 21.73 kg/ , 24.95 kg/ , dan 26.19 kg/ . In addition, the results shows that the addition of cement and tailing with varying percentages can increase the soaked CBR value to 10.71% with the optimum percentage at 15% tailing composition.

Kebijakan pemerintah dalam memutus mata rantai penularan Covid-19 di Indonesia menyebabkan terjadinya perubahan perilaku pasien pascastroke dalam mencari pengobatan di kalangan masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran perilaku keluarga pasien pascastroke dalam mencari pengobatan pada masa pandemi Covid-19 di Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan. Jenis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kuantitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini yaitu keluarga pasien pascastroke dari bulan Maret 2020 – Juni 2022 yang pernah melakukan fisioterapi selama pandemi Covid-19 di Stroke Center RSKD Dadi Provinsi Sulsel dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 58 orang (n=58). Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan pengambilan data sekunder dan data primer melalui kuesioner perilaku keluarga pasien pascastroke dalam mencari pengobatan. Data yang terkumpul kemudian diolah menggunakan Microsoft Office Excel untuk melihat distribusi karakteristik responden, faktor genetik, pengetahuan, sikap, dan tindakan keluarga. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah pasien pascatroke tidak memiliki riwayat stroke dari keluarga, memiliki pengetahuan, sikap, dan tindakan keluarga yang baik dalam mencari pengobatan pada masa Covid-19. Selain itu, perilaku keluarga pasien pascastroke didominasi oleh tindakan berobat ke fasilitas-fasilitas pengobatan modern (public medicine) pada masa Covid-19.

Increasing Production of Integrated-Vegetable and Fish in the Biofloc-Aquaponic System in Tanjung Johor Village, Jambi City. Tanjung Johor is a fish-producing center in Jambi City. However, the biofloc pond of Sekintang Dayo Farmers Group was minimally managed, so the fish yield and the farmer's income is low. The technology that was the potential to be applied was biofloc-aquaponics. Biofloc-aquaponics technology is a technology in agriculture which is integrated vegetable and fish cultivation. This technology was considered adaptive and effective in Tanjung Johor Village because this area was a populated residential area, limited land availability, prone to flooding, and the community still faced food sufficiency problems. The main principle of this technology was to conserve soil and water and increase farming efficiency through the use of nutrients from fish feed residues as a nutrient source for plants, so it is environmentally friendly. The objective of this community service was to overcome problems in the community, especially members of the Sekintang Dayo farmer group, through simple environmentally friendly technology, namely biofloc-aquaponics in integrated fish and vegetable cultivation. This activity used Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) method, where members of the Sekintang Dayo Fish Farmer Group interact with each other to identify the problems they face and find appropriate solutions. Group members actively followed, applied, and developed technology of biofloc-aquaponics cultivation. The program evaluation at the final stage of this activity showed an improvement in farmers' understanding and skills from 49.29% to 97.14%. The farmer group members are admitted to develop the knowledge gained and will design their own biofloc-aquaponic device by utilizing existing resources.

Water is a vital resource that should be utilized effectively. However, it is overused and squandered on a daily need, including the unrestrained use of water for ablution purposes. This condition can be due to a lack of awareness and the influences of peer cultural values. Therefore, the aim of this study is to develop a water-tap design that takes into consideration the influences of cultural value. Accordingly, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling (SEM) approach the significant correlation between cultural influences and user preferences on water-tap design by referring at the critical threshold output of each attribute. The result showed that collectivism and uncertainty avoidance dimensions were identified as the influencing cultural dimensions and the automatic water level-control float valve, mechanical water-taps with auto-stop function, and transparent water tanks are the most important considerations for water tap technical specification. Through the assessment of its applicability, the use of the prototype can reduce water usage by 54.6% compared to regular water-taps. Correspondingly, the approach of cultural value in the designing process is expected to give more insights to practices such as product designers when determining design specification while for knowledge, it extends the applicability of Hofstede cultural theory for product design and development.

ABSTRAK Penggunaan panel surya sebagai sumber energi terbarukan membutuhkan baterai sebagai tempat penyimpanan energi. Penggunaan baterai secara terus menerus, dapat menyebabkan pengurangan kapasitas dan penurunan performa. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut, diperlukan sistem estimasi nilai State of Charge (SOC) pada baterai yang berfungsi untuk mengontrol kondisi charge, agar performa baterai tetap optimal. Pada penelitian dikembangan suatu sistem estimasi SOC pada baterai jenis lead acid, dengan metode algoritma Elman Recurrent Neural Network (ERNN). Keunggulan yang terkait dengan metode ERNN meliputi proses iterasi menjadi lebih cepat, peningkatan kecepatan pembaruan parameter, dan pencapaian konvergensi yang lebih cepat. Hasil dari penelitian estimasi SOC pada baterai lead acid 12V, 12Ah dengan menggunakan algoritma ERNN sebesar 0.101% sedangkan dengan algoritma Feedforward Backpropagation sebesar 0.767%. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa algoritma ERNN lebih efisien dalam mengestimasi nilai SOC pada baterai lead acid. Kata kunci: Baterai, Elman Recurrent Neural Network, Panel Surya, State of Charge; Lead Acid  ABSTRACT Using solar panels as a renewable energy source requires batteries as energy storage. Continuous use of batteries can result in reduced capacity and performance degradation. Based on these problems, a State of Charge (SOC) estimation system is needed for the battery to control charge conditions so that battery performance remains optimal. In this research, a SOC estimation system was developed for lead acid battery using the Elman Recurrent Neural Network (ERNN) algorithm. The advantage of the ERNN method is that the iteration process is faster, the parameter update speed is increased, and convergence is faster. The results of the SOC estimation for a 12V, 12Ah lead acid battery using the ERNN algorithm were 0.101%, while the Feedforward Backpropagation algorithm resulted in 0.767%. The ERNN algorithm is more efficient in estimating the SOC value of a lead acid battery. Keywords: Battery, Elman Recurrent Neural Network, Solar Panel, State of Charge, Lead Acid

Peningkatan indeks massa tubuh akan diikuti dengan peningkatan jumlah lemak tubuh akan mengakibatkan terjadinya penebalan pada dinding vertikel jantung sehingga fungsi fisiologis jantung akan menurun. Akibatnya hanya sedikit darah kaya oksigen yang dapat diedarkan keseluruh sel tubuh. Peningkatan jaringan lemak tubuh akan mengganggu fungsi kardiorespirasi dan mempengaruhi tingkat VO₂Maks. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara indeks massa tubuh dengan kebugaran kardiorespirasi pada Siswa SMA IT Pondok Pesantren Putri Darul Istiqamah Maros. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif yang bersifat asosiatif atau kolerasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional dan metode purposive sampling dengan jumlah sampel sembilan puluh (n=90) yang merupakan siswa SMA IT Pondok Pesantren Putri Darul Istiqamah Maros. Data yang diperoleh berupa tingkat IMT dan VO₂Maks. Data diperoleh dari pengukuran secara langsung. Penelitian ini mendapatkan hasil nilai Sig. (2-tailed) sebesar 0.000 (

Kelompok remaja hingga dewasa muda (15 – 24 tahun) memiliki gaya hidup tidak aktif atau kurang melakukan aktivitas fisik yang dilihat dari jenis kelamin, perempuan memiliki presentase lebih besar dalam hal kurang melakukan aktivitas fisik. Volume Oksigen Maksimal (VO2Maks) dapat ditingkatkan dengan rutin melakukan aktivitas fisik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara aktivitas fisik dengan tingkat VO2Maks pada siswa sekolah menengah atas Pondok Pesantren Putri Darul Istiqamah Maros. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan cross sectional dan metode purposive sampling. Subjek penelitian yakni Siswa SMA Pondok Pesantren Putri Darul Istiqamah Maros yang berusia kisaran 15 – 18 tahun. Jumlah responden dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 89 orang. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara pengambilan data primer melalui instrumen pengukuran aktivitas fisik dengan menggunakan parameter International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) dan pengukuran tingkat VO2Maks menggunakan Cooper Test (Lari 2.4 KM). Hasil Penelitian setelah dilakukan uji normalitas Kolmogrov Smirnov diperoleh sebaran data tidak normal (p

Abstract. This study aims to determine the durability of the residual strength in the Asphalt Concrete – Wearing Course (AC-WC) mixture that uses bottom ash waste as a substitute for fine aggregate. The Marshall Test revealed that the stability value of all variations of the tested immersion met the minimum standard, which was greater than 800 kg, namely for the 0 hour immersion variation of 2170.75 kg, the 24-hour immersion variation of 2014, 62 kg, the immersion variation 48 hours of 1938.07 kg, variation of immersion 96 hours of 1853.45 kg, and the variation of immersion 168 hours of stability value obtained is 1747.68 kg. And for the residual strength index in the 24-hour immersion variation the residual stability index was obtained at 92.81%, for the 48-hour immersion variation the residual stability index was obtained at 89.33%, while for the 96-hour immersion variation the residual stability index was obtained at 85.38%. and for the variation of immersion 168 hours residual stability index was obtained at 80.51%, so that which meets the standard of at least 90% is the 24-hour variation.

Alternative fuels, such as biodiesel, play an important role in protecting the global environment. Biodiesel obtained from palm oil holds promising applications for compression ignition or diesel engines. However, one major concern associated with the adoption of biodiesel is the degradation and material incompatibility between biodiesel and the existing fuel system. Changes in fuel composition with the introduction of biodiesel often create many problems in which the elastomer is normally used as the fuel hose material in a diesel engine fuel system. This study investigated the effect of palm oil biodiesel blends (B10 and B20) on the nitrile rubber elastomer's physical and mechanical properties, such as mass and volume change, hardness, and tensile strength. Biodiesel blends were found to affect the mechanical properties of the elastomer, causing the fuel hose to swell. After an immersion of the elastomers in the biodiesel blends at room temperature for five weeks, biodiesel properties, such as density and viscosity, were also examined. The density and viscosity were found to increase in the blends with increasing biodiesel content. The result of the study shows that the density and kinematic viscosity increased with the percentage of biodiesel blends. The elastomer increased mass change by 58.1%, the volume change by 58%, the tensile strength by 53.5% and the hardness by 52% with increasing biodiesel blends.

This research aimed to study the effect of humic acid and NPK fertilizer (15:15:15) on growth and yield of red chili, and to obtain the most suitable composition of humic acid and NPK fertilizer which gave the best growth and yield. The study used a randomized block design with five replications. The treatments tested were the composition of humic acid and NPK fertilizer: 100% humic acid; 75% humic acid + 25% NPK; 50% humic acid + 50% NPK; 25% humic acid + 75% NPK; and 100% NPK. Data on plant growth and yield were processed by Analysis of Variance, and means were compared using Fisher’s Least Significant Difference test. In addition, data on plant biochemical and soil chemical parameters were determined compositely by mixing leaves taken from sample plants or soil samples into one homogenous sample. Results showed that there was no significant difference in growth and yield of plants treated with 100% humic acid in comparison with those plants treated with 100% NPK. However, in comparison with 100% humic acid, the application of different ratios of humic acid/NPK increased plant chlorophyll contents by 65% - 82% and total sugar by 28% - 71%. The application of humic acid/NPK increased soil fertility by improving soil pH as well as N, P and K. In the combination of humic acid/NPK, the best growth and yield were obtained with the application of 25% humic acid + 75% NPK fertilizers. Therefore, for the sustainability of chili cultivation, the use of humic acid needs to be accompanied with NPK fertilizers at a reduced amount, along with the increase in the dose of humic acid.

Energi listrik merupakan salah satu kebutuhan pokok dalam menunjang berbagai sektor kegiatan manusia. Namun, dalam realisasinya, PT. PLN menemui kendala seperti terputusnya jalur distribusi listrik ke pelanggan. Untuk mengantisipasi terjadinya pemadaman listrik, maka dibutuhkan peralatan seperti uninterruptible power supply (UPS) sebagai sistem back up supply. Pada penelitian ini, rancangan sistem UPS terdiri dari baterai, boost converter, full-bridge inverter satu fasa, serta filter LC yang digunakan sebagai suplai energi listrik untuk beban induktif dengan kriteria regulasi tegangan dan regulasi harmonisa sesuai standar yang berlaku. Agar sistem dapat dioperasikan secara terintegrasi, maka terdapat kontrol PI dengan nilai Kp yaitu 5 dan Ki yaitu 40 sebagai pengatur tegangan output boost converter sebesar 311 VDC yang diperoleh melalui perhitungan analitik. Adapun rancangan boost converter memiliki kapasitas daya sebesar 720 Watt. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan nilai drop tegangan output maksimum UPS sebesar 3,5 VAC terhadap standar tegangan nominal 220 VAC, serta menghasilkan bentuk gelombang tegangan dan arus output sinusoidal dengan suplai energi listrik maksimum menuju beban sebesar ±463 VA. Electrical energy is one of the basic needs in supporting various sectors of human activity. However, in its realization, PT. PLN encountered problems such as disconnection of electricity distribution lines to customers. To anticipate a power outage, equipment such as an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) is needed as a back up supply system. In this research, the UPS system design consists of a batteries, boost converter, single-phase full-bridge inverter, and an LC filter which is used as an electrical energy supply for inductive loads with the criteria of voltage regulation and harmonic regulation according to applicable standards. In order for the system to be operated in an integrated manner, there is a PI control with a value of Kp is 5 and Ki is 40 as a boost converter output voltage regulator of 311 VDC which is obtained through analytic calculations. The design of boost converter has a power capacity of 720 Watt. The simulation results show the maximum UPS output voltage drop value of 3.5 VAC against the nominal voltage standard of 220 VAC, and produce a sinusoidal output voltage and current waveform with a maximum supply of electrical energy to the load of ± 463 VA.

Dalam proses dekomposisi (pembusukan) pupuk kandang dari kotoran kambing, faktor suhu sangat berpengaruh pada tingkat kematangan pupuk kandang. Suhu untuk melakukan proses pembusukan pada kotoran kambing sebesar 50oC karena mikroorganisme yang berperan dalam proses dekomposisi dapat bekerja secara optimal. Secara konvensional, pengamatan suhu pada proses pembusukan dilakukan di bawah sinar matahari yang bergantung dengan perubahan cuaca, sehingga waktu pengeringan lama dan tidak efisien. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan sistem pengontrol suhu pada kotoran kambing menggunakan heater yang bersumber dari AC-AC voltage controller. Dengan adanya sistem pengontrol suhu dalam proses dekomposisi (pembusukan), suhu kotoran kambing akan konstan sebesar 50oC. Pada penelitian ini, teknik pengontrol suhu pada kotoran kambing dimodelkan dan disimulasikan menggunakan kontrol PI (proporsional integral). Kontrol PI dimodelkan untuk menentukan nilai Kp dan Ki serta disimulasikan untuk mengatur tegangan keluaran konverter yang mengontrol tegangan AC yang disebut dengan AC-AC voltage controller. Untuk mendapatkan nilai parameter Kp dan Ki, diperlukan pengujian open-loop dengan beban kotoran kambing sebesar 5000 gram sehingga mendapatkan suhu dalam kondisi steady. Tegangan 170 V digunakan sebagai setting point tegangan pada simulasi kontrol AC-AC voltage controller karena setara dengan nilai setting point suhu pada proses dekomposisi pupuk kandang sebesar 50o RMSC dengan berat 5000 gram sehingga diperoleh nilai Kp sebesar 2,9162814587 dan nilai Ki sebesar 1,7462763226. Waktu yang diperlukan respon untuk mencapai kondisi steady sebesar 12 menit dengan error steady state sebesar 0,3%. Dengan pengontrol suhu menggunakan kontrol PI ini waktu pengeringan kotoran kambing hingga menjadi pupuk kandang lebih cepat dan efisien. In the process of manure decomposition (decay) from goat dung, the temperature factor is very influential in the maturity level of manure. The temperature for the decay process in goat dung is 50oC because micro-organisms that play a role in the decomposition process can work optimally. Conventionally, the observation of temperature in the decay process is carried out under the sunlight depending on the weather changes, so that the drying time is long and inefficient. Therefore, a temperature control system in goat dung is needed, using a heater sourced from AC-AC Voltage Controller. With the temperature control system in the process of decomposition (decay), the temperature of goat dung will be constant by 50oC. In this study, the temperature control technique of goat manure is modeled and simulated using the PI (proportional integral) controls. The PI control is modeled to determine the value of Kp and Ki and is simulated to regulate the output voltage of the converter that controls the AC voltage called the AC-AC Voltage Controller. To obtain the value of the Kp and Ki parameters, an open-loop test is required with a goat load of 5000 grams so that the temperature is in steady condition. 170 VRMS voltage used as a voltage set point in the AC-AC Voltage Controller Control simulation because of the equivalent temperature point setting value in the manure decomposition process of 50oC with a weight of 5000 grams so that the value of Kp for 2,9162814587 and Ki value amounting to 1,7462763226. The time required to reach a steady condition is 12 minutes with a steady state error of 0,3%. With this PI control, the drying time of goat dung to become manure is faster and more efficient.

Peanuts (Arachis hypogea) can be made into various products, from oil to butter to roasted snack peanuts and candies, all from the kernels. However, the skin is usually thrown away, used as cheap animal feed, or as one of the ingredients in plant fertilizer due to its little value on the market. For the past ten years, studies have been conducted to determine the full extent of the skin’s bioactive substance repertoire and its powerful antioxidant potential. Alternatively, researchers reported that peanut skin could be used and be profitable in a less-intensive extraction technique. Therefore, this review explores the conventional and green extraction of peanut oil, peanut production, peanut physicochemical characteristics, antioxidant activity, and the prospects of valorization of peanut skin. The significance of the valorization of peanut skin is that it contains high antioxidant capacity, catechin, epicatechin resveratrol, and procyanidins, which are also advantageous. It could be exploited in sustainable extraction, notably in the pharmaceutical industries.

More than 58 million metric tonnes of oranges were produced in 2021, and the peels, which account for around one-fifth of the fruit weight, are often discarded as waste in the orange juice industry. Orange pomace and peels as wastes are used as a sustainable raw material to make valuable products for nutraceuticals. The orange peels and pomace contain pectin, phenolics, and limonene, which have been linked to various health benefits. Various green extraction methods, including supercritical carbon dioxide (ScCO2) extraction, subcritical water extraction (SWE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), are applied to valorize the orange peels and pomace. Therefore, this short review will give insight into the valorization of orange peels/pomace extraction using different extraction methods for health and wellness. This review extracts information from articles written in English and published from 2004 to 2022. The review also discusses orange production, bioactive compounds in orange peels/pomaces, green extractions, and potential uses in the food industry. Based on this review, the valorization of orange peels and pomaces can be carried out using green extraction methods with high quantities and qualities of extracts. Therefore, the extract can be used for health and wellness products.

Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) is a source of anthocyanins as red pigments that is extensively farmed in tropical and subtropical regions, including Indonesia, Malaysia, China, Thailand, Egypt, Mexico, and West India. The roselle plant contains a variety of nutrients, including anthocyanins, organic acids, pectin, etc. Due to the toxicity and combustibility of the solvents, traditional extraction methods for these compounds are restricted. Obtaining pure extracts is typically a lengthy procedure requiring many processes. Supercritical carbon dioxide (ScCO2) extraction as a green technology is rapidly improving and extending its application domains. The advantages of this method are zero waste production, quicker extraction times, and reduced solvent consumption. The ScCO2 extraction of natural pigments has great promise in food, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and textiles, among other uses. The ScCO2 technique for natural pigments may also be advantageous in a variety of other contexts. Due to their minimal environmental risk, the high-quality red pigments of roselle rich in anthocyanins extracted using ScCO2 extraction have a high sustainability potential. Therefore, the objective of this review is to increase knowledge related to the natural colorant of roselle as a substitute for chemically manufactured colorants using ScCO2 as a green method. This article covers ScCO2 extraction, particularly as it relates to the optimization of pigments that promote health. This article focuses on the high extraction efficiency of ScCO2 extraction. Natural colorants extracted via ScCO2 are regarded as safe compounds, especially for human consumption, such as novel functional food additives and textile and pharmaceutical colors.

Processing data on tools and chemicals in chemical laboratories is a crucial problem because it is part of the management and utilization of laboratories effectively and efficiently and is also right on target. However, it was realized that many problems were faced, especially laboratory officers in managing data on tools and chemicals, one of which was a system of data collection of tools and chemicals that had not yet used integrated information system applications. The management of data on tools and chemicals is still manual, which results in the inventory data of items being late known. Another problem that arises is that ordering goods cannot be done quickly because there are stages that must be done until the item is received. as well as the process of procuring equipment and chemicals also require time until the goods received by the laboratory management are also part of the problem at hand. To overcome the above problems, a computerized system is needed that is able to work more effectively, efficiently and thoroughly, so that the process of collecting tools and chemicals is better than the previous one. This research was conducted to meet the needs of an information system for data collection of tools and chemicals in the laboratory

Medicines should be stored in a room at a suitable temperature if the inappropriate affect the quality of the drug. Therefore we need a control that can control the temperature in the room so that it is constant in accordance with the rules for room temperature in drug storage, which is 25 degrees Celsius. The following paperwork presents a simulation controller between PI controller and PI-Fuzzy logic controller in adjusting the voltage to match the set of point. Where the fuzzy logic controller automatically searches for the Kp value so that the voltage output of the converter match the desired set of point. Then the converter used is synchronoust boost converter as voltage regulator and peltier as a DC load which functions as a cooler. in this research, the system using PI controller was able to adjust the voltage to match the set point with Kp is 0.14089 and Ki is 124.6738 then settling time is 0.016 s. While the system using PI-Fuzzy logic controller,it was able to adjust the voltage to match the set point with Kp is 0.08112 and Ki is 125.6738 then settling time is 0.014 s.

bio-oil dengan destilasi tersebut, diperoleh hasil yang terbaik dari segi efisiensi dan efekt ifitas waktu dan proses hasil yang diperoleh, yaitu pada sampel dengan perlakuan suhu 65 o C dengan lama destilasi selama 5 jam. Nilai yang diperoleh pada sampel bio-oil sesudah dan s ebelum destilasi berturut-turut, berat jenis 1,0081:1,0012, indek bias 1,3382;1,3337, putaran optik gelap/tidak teratur;+0,00 o , kelarutan dalam alkohol (70%) 1:1 (larut);1:1 (larut), bilangan asam (%) 20,11;5,46, viskositas (spindel 61) 2,61;-, tanin (%) 0,36;0,30 dan uji fitokimia dian taranya adanya senyawa alkaloid, saponin, tanin, fenolik, flavonoid, triterpenoid, steroid, dan gli kosida masing-masing pada sampel sesudah destilasi sebagian besar ada senyawa tersebut kec uali steroid, sedangkan pada sampel belum destilasi hanya ada pada senyawa alkaloid dan flavonoid.

Hyacinth is a plant that can be utilized for the manufacture of various types of handicrafts, such as bags, sandals, souvenirs, and other furniture that has high art. In the process of making hyacinth crafts, it is considered in the process of drying. During this time, the hyacinth drying process still using conventional methods, which use solar energy which is dependent on weather conditions. Conventional drying methods relatively need long time, ie 7-10 days. So, that was designed hyacinth dryer that is not dependent on the weather and can be controlled with temperature sensors and weight sensor depend its set point. Hyacinth dryers use heater, blower and air circulation fan. The controller of the drying machine is Microcontroller ATMega 16 with PI Controll methods Tuning Controller Chien Regulator I with Kp = 4,55 and Ki = 0,3 and Tuning Controller Chien Servo I Kp = 2,65 and Ki = 0,156. Hyacinth drying with a dryer need time shorter than using the conventional drying method, ie 12 hours with stabil temperature 60ᵒC . With this dryer can dry 30 stems of hyacinth with initial weight 500g become dry hyacinth with weight ± 60g. Depends on the result of laboratory test, hyacint with dryer produce fiber content, water content, and ash content that good enough.

This paper presents a modified homotopy perturbation method (HPM), which aimed at solving systems of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The MHPM, which combines the HPM, Laplace transform, and Padé approximants, offers an alternative approach to address the challenges associated with solving such problems. By employing this method, it becomes feasible to overcome these challenges and obtain a dependable approximation for the exact solution. The effectiveness and applicability of the proposed scheme are demonstrated through preliminary results derived from illustrative examples, all of which correspond to exact solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water is an important resource for performing ablution before prayer. However, lack of communication and information between prayer congregations regarding the amount of water used during ablution, the absence of environmental protection consciousness, and the impact of cultural behavior can be the factors causing wasteful water use during ablution. This study aims to design and implement an internet-based monitoring system that integrates cultural values in evaluating ablution water consumption. The correlation between cultural dimensions and preferences for an online monitoring system of ablution practices was examined using confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling. The results showed that uncertainty avoidance, power distance, and long-term orientation were identified to significantly influence online monitoring preferences for ablution activities. The preferences of sensor accuracy, safety case to cover from water, and durable material were determined as the most important design specifications for online monitoring systems. The real-time evaluation of online monitoring was performed through smartphone applications and web-based interfaces. Considering cultural preferences when developing a water monitoring system strategy can increase awareness regarding environmental sustainability, advocate for conscientious water management, and control water usage. The inclusion of cultural value in the design process is expected to provide valuable insights for product designers when establishing design specifications. Additionally, it expands the usefulness of Hofstede's cultural theory in the context of the creation and development of products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]