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Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T19:03:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S0034-89102008000100022.pdf: 40450 bytes, checksum: ac758dfbed983ac7247a8385c5b9a0f3 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T19:03:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S0034-89102008000100022.pdf: 40450 bytes, checksum: ac758dfbed983ac7247a8385c5b9a0f3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-02-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T18:30:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0034-89102008000100022.pdf: 40450 bytes, checksum: ac758dfbed983ac7247a8385c5b9a0f3 (MD5) S0034-89102008000100022.pdf.txt: 12874 bytes, checksum: 3656ea689c8bc634567eb9b7219f87bf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-02-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:44:23Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S0034-89102008000100022.pdf: 40450 bytes, checksum: ac758dfbed983ac7247a8385c5b9a0f3 (MD5) S0034-89102008000100022.pdf.txt: 12874 bytes, checksum: 3656ea689c8bc634567eb9b7219f87bf (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:44:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0034-89102008000100022.pdf: 40450 bytes, checksum: ac758dfbed983ac7247a8385c5b9a0f3 (MD5) S0034-89102008000100022.pdf.txt: 12874 bytes, checksum: 3656ea689c8bc634567eb9b7219f87bf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-02-01 O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a concentração de flúor na água engarrafada comercializada, comparando-a aos valores impressos no rótulo da embalagem. Foram coletadas 229 amostras de água das 35 marcas disponíveis em diversos supermercados, mercearias e lanchonetes de grande circulação nas diferentes regiões do município de São Paulo, em 2006. A concentração de flúor foi determinada por análise em duplicata, utilizando o eletrodo íon-específico. A concentração de flúor variou entre 0,01 e 2,04 mg/l, com diferenças significantes entre os valores estipulados nos rótulos e os encontrados com a análise. Esses resultados reforçam a importância do controle dos níveis de flúor na água engarrafada por parte da vigilância sanitária. The objective of the study was to evaluate the fluoride concentration in bottled water available on the market, in comparison with the values printed on the bottle label. Two hundred and twenty-nine water samples were collected from 35 brands available in several supermarkets, grocery stores and snack bars with high turnover in different regions of the municipality of São Paulo, Southeastern Brazil, in 2006. Fluoride concentrations were determined by duplicate analysis using an ion-specific electrode. The fluoride concentrations ranged from 0.01 to 2.04 mg/l, with significant differences between the values stipulated on labels and those found in the analyses. These results emphasize the importance of controls over fluoride levels in bottled water enforced by the sanitary surveillance agency. Universidade de São Paulo Hospital de Reabilitação de Anomalias Craniofaciais Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba Departamento de Odontologia Infantil e Social USP Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru Departamento de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba Departamento de Odontologia Infantil e Social

This study evaluated the fluoride intake from dentifrices with different fluoride concentrations ([F]) by children aged 24-36 months, as well as the influence of the dentifrice flavor in the amount of fluoride ingested during toothbrushing. Thirty-three children were randomly divided into 3 groups, according to the [F] in the dentifrices: G-A (523 µgF/g), G-B (1,062 µgF/g) and G-C (1,373 µgF/g). Dentifrices A and B are marketed for children, while dentifrice C is a regular product. The amount of F ingested was indirectly obtained, subtracting the amount expelled and the amount left on the toothbrush from the amount initially loaded onto the brush. The results were analyzed by ANOVA, Tukey's test and linear regression analysis (p < 0.05). Children ingested around 60% of the dentifrice loaded onto the brush, but no significant differences were seen among the groups (p > 0.05). Mean daily fluoride intake from dentifrice for G-A, G-B and G-C was 0.022ª, 0.032ª and 0.061b mg F/kg body weight, respectively (p < 0.01). There was a strong positive correlation (r = 0.86, p < 0.0001) between the amount of dentifrice used and the amount of fluoride ingested during toothbrushing. The results indicate the need for instructing children's parents and care givers to use a small amount of dentifrice (< 0.3 g) to avoid excessive ingestion of fluoride. The use of low-[F] dentifrices by children younger than 6 years also seems to be a good alternative to minimize fluoride intake. Dentifrice flavor did not influence the percentage of fluoride intake. Avaliou-se a ingestão de flúor após uso de dentifrícios contendo diferentes concentrações de flúor ([F]) por crianças entre 24-36 meses de idade, além da influência do sabor do dentifrício na quantidade de flúor ingerida durante a escovação. Dividiram-se 33 crianças aleatoriamente em 3 grupos, de acordo com a [F] nos dentifrícios: G-A (523 µgF/g), G-B (1.062 µgF/g) e G-C (1.373 µgF/g). Os dentifrícios A e B são infantis, e o C, convencional. A quantidade de flúor ingerida foi indiretamente obtida subtraindo-se a quantidade de flúor expelida e a quantidade que restou na escova daquela inicialmente carregada na escova. Os resultados foram analisados por ANOVA, teste de Tukey e análise de regressão linear (p < 0,05). Aproximadamente 60% do dentifrício carregado na escova foi ingerido pelas crianças, embora sem diferenças significativas entre os grupos (p > 0,05). A ingestão média diária de flúor para G-A, G-B e G-C foi 0,022ª, 0,032ª e 0,061b mg F/kg de peso corporal, respectivamente (p < 0,01). Houve uma forte correlação positiva (r = 0,86, p < 0,0001) entre a quantidade de dentifrício utilizada e a quantidade de flúor ingerida durante a escovação. Os resultados indicam a necessidade de se instruir pais e cuidadores de crianças a utilizarem uma quantidade pequena de dentifrício (< 0,3 g) para se evitar ingestão excessiva de flúor. O uso de dentifrícios com [F] reduzida por crianças menores de 6 anos também se constitui numa boa alternativa para se minimizar a ingestão de flúor. O sabor do dentifrício não influenciou na porcentagem de ingestão deste íon.

A fluoretação da água de abastecimento público representa uma das principais e mais importantes medidas de saúde pública no controle da cárie dentária. O objetivo deste trabalho foi o de reafirmar, através de uma revisão de literatura, a importância e o alcance da fluoretação no controle da cárie dentária. Um dos meios mais efetivos para manter constante a presença de flúor na cavidade bucal, fundamental para controle da cárie dentária, a fluoretação da água é reconhecida como um importante fator para o declínio da prevalência da cárie dentária. Portanto, além de ser mantida, deve ser monitorada, a fim de que o teor de flúor seja mantido dentro dos padrões adequados para o controle da cárie e prevenção da fluorose dentária.Fluoridation of public water supplies is among the most important public health measures for control of dental caries. Through a review of the literature, this study intends to reaffirm the importance and scope of fluoridation for caries control, as this is acknowledged as one of the most effective ways of ensuring the constant presence of fluoride in the oral cavity, which is vital for controlling caries. Water fluoridation is rated as an important factor for reducing caries, meaning that it should be maintained and also monitored, ensuring adequate fluoride levels for controlling caries while avoiding dental fluorosis.

Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-27T11:22:28Z No. of bitstreams: 0Bitstream added on 2014-05-27T14:40:24Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 2-s2.0-34548779613.pdf: 36016 bytes, checksum: 1c4b49acb881da0ec702b258320bbdeb (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-27T11:22:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-05-01 The increasing consumption of juices, soft drinks and teas among children has increased significantly fluoride ingestion at the age range of risk for development of dental fluorosis. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate fluoride concentrations in some brands of industrialized beverages consumed by children in the city of Bauru, SP, Brazil. Material and Methods: 98 brands of beverages were analyzed, divided into 3 lots, comprising 36, 32 and 30 brands, respectively, for the first, second and third lots. Fluoride concentrations were determined by HMDS-facilitated diffusion, using a fluoride ion-specific electrode (Orion 9409). Results: Fluoride concentrations ranged between 0.04 and 1.76 μg F/mL. It was observed a wide variation in fluoride concentrations among the different brands, as well as the different lots of the same brand. There was no information on fluoride concentrations on the labels of any product. Conclusions: Some of the products analyzed could contribute significantly to the total fluoride intake and, thus, be important risk factors for development of dental fluorosis, which indicates the need of controlling the production of these beverages with respect to fluoride concentration. Araçatuba Dental School São Paulo State University, Araçatuba, SP Bauru School of Dentistry University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP , A. Octavio Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, 17012-901 Bauru, SP Araçatuba Dental School São Paulo State University, Araçatuba, SP

A importância da fluoretação da água de abastecimento público na prevenção da cárie dentária é reconhecida e exaustivamente estudada desde 1945. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi o de avaliar a concentração de flúor presente na água de abastecimento público de Bauru, SP, antes e depois do processo de fluoretação. Para tanto estabeleceu-se um protocolo para a coleta de amostras de água durante três dias de uma semana, a cada três meses, durante as quatro estações do ano. As amostras foram coletas na ETA e nos 27 poços que abastecem a cidade, antes e depois da fluoretação, e em 63 pontos (residências) estabelecidos a partir do mapa onde estão definidos os 19 setores de abastecimento, com a finalidade de coletar amostras em toda a extensão da rede. A análise das amostras foi realizada em duplicata, utilizando-se o eletrodo íon-sensível (Orion 9609), acoplado ao potenciômetro (Procyon, modelo 720), adicionando 1 mL de TISAB II a 1 mL da amostra. A checagem dos resultados da análise das amostras de água foi feita através de nova leitura de 10% das amostras e com uma reprodutibilidade mínima estabelecida em 90%. Não foram observadas variações na concentração do flúor naturalmente presente na água em função da sazonalidade de cada uma das estações do ano. A concentração, das 318 amostras analisadas, variou entre 0,05 e 0,15 mg F/L. Entretanto, a média das concentrações de flúor verificadas nas 297 amostras obtidas na ETA e nos poços após a fluoretação variou entre 0,26 e 6,23 mg F/L e das 697 amostras das residências, entre 0,10 e 0,91 mg F/L. A concentração de flúor presente na água de abastecimento público de Bauru, antes da fluoretação, mostrou-se constante, diferente daquela verificada após a fluoretação, que apresentou grandes oscilações na sua concentração de flúor, indicando que o sistema de abastecimento de Bauru não mantém constantes os níveis de flúor na água. The importance of public water fluoridation for the prevention of dental caries has been scientifically recognized. The aim of this study was to evaluate the fluoride concentration of the public water supply of Bauru, SP, before and after the fluoridation, in different seasons. It was established a protocol for collecting water samples during 3 days in a week, every 3 months. Samples were collected at the Water Treatment Station and in 27 wells that supply the city, before and after fluoridation. In addition, samples were also collected in 63 points (houses), which were selected from a city map, corresponding to the 19 sections of supply, in order to represent all the distribution system. Samples were analyzed in duplicates, using an ion-sensitive electrode (Orion 9609), coupled to a potentiometer (Procyon, model SA 720), by adding 1 mL of TISAB to 1 mL of the water sample. Repeatability was checked in 10% of the samples and was higher than 90%. No differences in the natural fluoride concentration in water were observed in the four different seasons. However mean fluoride concentrations found in the 297 samples collected in the Water Treatment Station and in the wells after fluoridation varied between 0.26 and 6.23 mg F/L. For the 697 samples collected in the houses, the ranged was from 0.10 to 0.91 mg F/L. Natural fluoride concentration in the water before fluoridation was constant, differently from fluoride concentration in the public water supply after fluoridation, which spanned a wide range. This indicates that the system of supply of Bauru does not maintain constant water fluoride levels.

Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-27T11:21:55Z No. of bitstreams: 0Bitstream added on 2014-05-27T14:45:41Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 2-s2.0-33745643579.pdf: 45033 bytes, checksum: 7dee5a7e4a45a999306123c600bc084c (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-27T11:21:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-07-06 Objectives: The objectives of this study were to assess the fluoride concentration in the public water supply and the prevalence of dental fluorosis in schoolchildren between 7 and 15 years old, living in a peripheral district of the municipality of Bauru. Material and Methods: For this, fifty two water samples were collected on three different days of one week. These samples were analyzed for fluoride by means of the ion-sensitive electrode method (Orion 9609) coupled to a potentiometer (Procyon, model 720). In this method, 1.0 mL of TISAB II (Orion) was added to 1.0 mL of the sample. For the epidemiological survey of fluorosis, 52 schoolchildren of both genders, aged between 7 and 15 were assessed, with prior authorization from their caretakers. Only one person examined the children, after supervised toothbrushing and drying with cotton wool rolls. The TF index was used. Results: The fluoride concentrations in the water samples ranged from 0.62 to 1.20 mg/L, with a mean of 0.9 mg/L. The prevalence of dental fluorosis was 33%, with severity ranging from TF1 to TF4 (Kappa of 0.73 and concordance of 83.33%). Conclusions: The results from the analysis of water samples indicated a fluoride concentration greater than recommended for Bauru. The fluorosis levels found were higher than expected for a peripheral district, in which water is one of the few sources of fluoride. Bauru Dental School University of São Paulo Public Health School University of São Paulo Faculty of Sciences São Paulo State University Araçatuba Dental School São Paulo State University Institute of Chemistry University of São Paulo Universidade de São Paulo Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru Área de Bioquímica, A. Dr. O. Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Cep.: 17. 012-901 Bauru SP Faculty of Sciences São Paulo State University Araçatuba Dental School São Paulo State University

A proposta deste trabalho foi verificar o conhecimento dos médicos pediatras e odontopediatras, a respeito dos compostos fluoretados. Para tanto, foram visitados 91 médicos pediatras e 72 odontopediatras dos municípios de Bauru e Marília, que ao concordarem em participar da pesquisa receberam um questionário com 22 questões. O preenchimento e a devolução foram imediatos. Os dados obtidos foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva, utilizando freqüências absolutas e relativas, representadas através de tabelas. Mediante a análise dos questionários, verificou-se que alguns polivitamínicos que contêm flúor são usualmente prescritos pelos médicos pediatras, ao passo que os géis, vernizes e soluções para bochecho são bastante empregados pelos odontopediatras. Não foi estabelecida relação entre o conhecimento e tempo de formado, a idade do profissional, a universidade de origem, a cidade em que trabalha e a área de atuação (particular, rede pública ou em ambos) desses profissionais. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que o conhecimento dos médicos pediatras e odontopediatras, das cidades de Bauru e de Marília, a respeito da presença de flúor em várias fontes de ingestão se mostrou insuficiente e, em algumas situações, preocupante, com relação à prevenção de fluorose dentária.The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge of pediatric doctors and dentists, in respect to the use of fluoridated compounds. Ninety-one pediatric doctors and seventy-two pediatric dentists from Bauru and Marília municipalities were visited. After agreeing in participating, they received a questionnaire with 22 questions. They immediately filled and returned the questionnaires. Data obtained were analyzed by descriptive statistics, using absolute and relative frequencies, represented by tables. Some pediatric drugs containing a combination of vitamins and fluoride are usually prescribed by pediatric doctors, while fluoride gels, varnishes and rinsing solutions are often recommended by pediatric dentists. It was not established a relationship between the knowledge of pediatric doctors and dentists regarding the sources of fluoride intake and gender, time of graduation, age, place of graduation, city and area of working (public, private area or both). The results suggest that the knowledge of pediatric doctors and pediatric dentists that work in Bauru and Marília, regarding the presence of fluoride in various sources of intake is insufficient and, in some cases, concerning, with respect to the prevention of dental fluorosis.

OBJETIVO: Considerando a água como importante fonte de ingestão de flúor, o aumento da prevalência de fluorose dentária e do consumo de água mineral, o estudo realizado teve como objetivo avaliar o consumo de água mineral e sua concentração de flúor. MÉTODOS: A pesquisa foi realizada nos bairros do município de Bauru, SP. Foram visitadas mil residências que compunham uma amostra estratificada, obtida por conglomerados. Cada conglomerado correspondia a um quarteirão. Para efeito de sorteio os quarteirões foram numerados dentro das 17 regiões estabelecidas no plano diretor do município. Para coleta das amostras de água mineral foram usados frascos plásticos de 50 ml, previamente identificados. Na análise de flúor utilizou-se eletrodo íon sensível (Orion 9609) após tamponamento com TISAB II. Informações a respeito do consumo de água mineral foram obtidas com a aplicação de um questionário. RESULTADOS: Constatou-se que cerca de 29,7% da população do município consome água mineral. Nas 260 amostras analisadas, das 29 diferentes águas, a concentração de flúor variou de 0,045 a 1,515 mg/l. Em uma das águas, constava no rótulo o valor de 0,220 mg/l, mas na análise constatou-se 1,515 mg/l de flúor. Além disso, algumas águas não traziam especificado a concentração de flúor; e, na análise constataram-se valores variando entre 0,049 e 0,924 mg/l. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados mostraram uma grande variação na concentração de flúor e reforçam a importância do controle dessas águas por parte da vigilância sanitária. OBJECTIVE: Considering that water is an importance source of fluoride intake, and that the consumption of mineral water and prevalence of dental fluorosis have been increasing, the aim of this study was to evaluate the consumption of mineral water and its fluoride concentration. METHODS: The study was performed in residential districts of the municipality of Bauru, State of São Paulo, by means of stratified sampling via clusters. Each cluster corresponded to one residential block. For randomization purposes, the residential blocks were numbered within the 17 districts established by the city plan. One thousand homes were thus visited. Mineral water samples were collected using previously labeled 50 ml plastic flasks. Fluoride analysis was done using an ion-sensitive electrode (Orion 9609), after buffering using TISAB II. Information on the consumption of mineral water was obtained by means of applying a questionnaire. RESULTS: Around 29.72% of the city's population was consuming mineral water. In the 260 samples analyzed from 29 different brands of water, the fluoride concentration ranged from 0.045 to 1.515 mg/l. For one brand, the label stated that the fluoride concentration was 0.220 mg/l, but analysis revealed a concentration of 1.515 mg/l. Moreover, some brands did not specify the fluoride concentration on the label and, for these, the analysis showed concentrations ranging from 0.049 to 0.924 mg/l. CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrated wide variation in fluoride concentrations and reinforce the importance of the control of such waters by the sanitary surveillance agency.

Department of Biological Sciences Area Biochemistry University of Sao Paulo, Bauru, Brazil, Al. Dr. Octavio Pinheiro B., 9-75, Bauru-SP

Background. The distribution of fluoride and calcium in plaque after the use of fluoride dentifrices has not yet been determined. Aim. To evaluate fluoride and calcium distribution in sections of biofilms generated in situ after the use of conventional and low-fluoride dentifrices. Design. Children ( n= 11, 8–10 years old) brushed with placebo (fluoride-free), low-fluoride (513 mgF/kg), and conventional (1072 mgF/kg) dentifrices twice daily for 1 week, following a double-blind, cross-over protocol. Biofilms were generated using Leeds in situ devices, which were collected 1 and 12 h after brushing, and sectioned through their depth. Sections were grouped (10 9 5 lm) for fluoride and calcium analysis. Sections 4 lm thick were used for image analysis and determination of biomass fraction. Results were analysed by ANOVA, Tukey’s test, and linear regression analysis (P < 0.05). Results. Fluoride and calcium were mostly located at the outer sections of biofilms for all dentifrices tested, and these ions were directly correlated throughout most of biofilm’s sections. Results for conventional dentifrice were significantly higher than for the placebo, but did not differ from those for the low-fluoride dentifrice. Conclusions. The use of a low-fluoride dentifrice did not promote a higher fluoride uptake in inner biofilms’ sections, as hypothesized. As plaque fluoride was significantly elevated only after the use of the conventional dentifrice, the recommendation of low-fluoride formulations should be done with caution, considering both risks and benefits.

Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-27T11:29:54Z No. of bitstreams: 0Bitstream added on 2014-05-27T14:48:38Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 2-s2.0-84878651929.pdf: 1713846 bytes, checksum: c6e13a4004d25ea6972a7f76bfb41a38 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-27T11:29:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-07-02 luoridation of the public water supplies is recognized as among the top ten public health achievements of the twentieth century. However, the positive aspects of this measure depend on the maintenance of fluoride concentrations within adequate levels. Objective: To report the results of seven years of external control of the fluoride (F) concentrations in the public water supply in Bauru, SP, Brazil in an attempt to verify, on the basis of risk/ benefit balance, whether the levels are appropriate. Material and Methods: From March 2004 to February 2011, 60 samples were collected every month from the 19 supply sectors of the city, totaling 4,641 samples. F concentrations in water samples were determined in duplicate, using an ion-speciflc electrode (Orion 9609) coupled to a potentiometer after buffering with TISAB II. After the analysis, the samples were classified according to the best risk-benefit adjustment. Results: Means (±standard deviation) of F concentrations ranged between 0.73±0.06 and 0.81±0.10 mg/L for the different sectors during the seven years. The individual values ranged between 0.03 and 2.63 mg/L. The percentages of the samples considered low risk for dental fluorosis development and of maximum benefit for dental caries prevention (0.55-0.84 mg F/L) in the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh years of the study were 82.0, 58.5, 37.4, 61.0, 89.9, 77.3, and 72.4%, respectively, and 69.0% for the entire period. Conclusions: Fluctuations of F levels were found in the public water supply in Bauru during the seven years of evaluation. These results suggest that external monitoring of water fluoridation by an independent assessor should be implemented in cities where there is adjusted fluoridation. This measure should be continued in order to verify that fluoride levels are suitable and, if not, to provide support for the appropriate adjustments. Discipline of Biochemistry Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP Bauru School of Dentistry University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP Department of Biological Sciences Bauru School of Dentistry University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP Department of Pediatric Dentistry Araçatuba Dental School Univ. Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Araçatuba, SP Department of Social and Preventive Dentistry Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry University of Sâo Paulo, Bauru, SP Department of Pediatric Dentistry Araçatuba Dental School Univ. Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Araçatuba, SP

To determine the consumption of bottled water by children in the city of Bauru, State of São Paulo, Brazil.A stratified sample of the 17 areas established by the city plan was used to identify a total of 1,000 homes for visitation. Information was collected using a questionnaire concerning the type of water consumed and population demographics.Overall, around 30 percent of all residences used bottled water. Among all households where bottled water was consumed, about 26 percent had children residing. For those with children and bottled water, 81 percent reported to use bottled water for the preparation of the children's foods and beverages.An important percentage of children consume bottled water in the city of Bauru, State of São Paulo, Brazil. Considering previous studies showing that fluoride concentrations vary in bottled water, public health measures should be implemented in order to guarantee adequate levels of fluoride in commercialized water.

Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-27T11:22:24Z No. of bitstreams: 0Bitstream added on 2014-05-27T14:40:19Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 2-s2.0-34250828394.pdf: 71382 bytes, checksum: 8b4559b57b17bca0ea385fe3198b1a7f (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-27T11:22:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-02-01 Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of dental fluorosis in scholars aging 12 to 15 years old, residents in the city of Bauru, State of São Paulo, Brazil. Methods: 1318 volunteers were enrolled in this study and examined in 18 public schools of the State of São Paulo. The examinations were performed in the schools' court by three dentists (with a Master's degree in Public Health), after toothbrushing supervised by another dentist. The teeth were dried with cotton pellets and examined under natural light by visual inspection, using an explorer as recommended by the WHO, a plane mirror and a tongue depressor. The Thylstrup-Fejerskov (TF) index was used for rating fluorosis. Intra and inter-examiner reproducibility was calculated and data were submitted to descriptive analysis. Results: Approximately 36% of the children presented dental fluorosis, of which 28% was diagnosed as TF1 while the remaining received scores between TF2 and TF4. Conclusion: The prevalence of dental fluorosis in Bauru is within the expected range, based on previous studies. Although fluoride is an important resource for caries control, its use must be adequate to the needs of each specific population. Department of Biological Sciences Bauru School of Dentistry University of São Paulo Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health Araçatuba Dental School São Paulo State University Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health Bauru School of Dentistry University of São Paulo Bauru School of Dentistry University of São Paulo Department of Biological Sciences (Biochemistry), Al. Dr. O. Pinheiro Brisolla, 9-75, Bauru-SP - 17012-901 Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health Araçatuba Dental School São Paulo State University

The objective of the study was to evaluate the fluoride concentration in bottled water available on the market, in comparison with the values printed on the bottle label. Two hundred and twenty-nine water samples were collected from 35 brands available in several supermarkets, grocery stores and snack bars with high turnover in different regions of the municipality of São Paulo, Southeastern Brazil, in 2006. Fluoride concentrations were determined by duplicate analysis using an ion-specific electrode. The fluoride concentrations ranged from 0.01 to 2.04 mg/l, with significant differences between the values stipulated on labels and those found in the analyses. These results emphasize the importance of controls over fluoride levels in bottled water enforced by the sanitary surveillance agency.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a fluoretação da água de abastecimento público, comparando os resultados obtidos com dados prévios de fluoretação. MÉTODOS: O estudo foi realizado de março de 2004 a 2005, na cidade de Bauru, Estado de São Paulo. Mensalmente, em datas estabelecidas por sorteio, foram coletadas 60 amostras de água nos 19 setores de abastecimento, totalizando 737 amostras. A concentração de flúor presente nas amostras de água foi determinada em duplicata, utilizando-se o eletrodo íon sensível (Orion 9609), acoplado ao potenciômetro. Uma vez analisadas, as amostras foram classificadas como aceitáveis ou inaceitáveis de acordo com a concentração de flúor. A análise estatística empregada foi do tipo descritiva. RESULTADOS: A concentração média de flúor observada nos diferentes meses de coleta variou entre 0,37 e 1,00 mg/l. Cerca de 85% das amostras foram classificadas como aceitáveis. CONCLUSÕES: Comparados com dados de estudos prévios realizados na cidade, foi observada uma melhoria nas condições de fluoretação da água de abastecimento, um ano após a implantação do heterocontrole. A implantação do monitoramento da fluoretação da água de abastecimento por sistemas de vigilância deve ser incentivada, sendo fundamental para o controle da cárie dentária. OBJECTIVE: To assess the fluoridation of the public water supply and compare these results with previous data. METHODS: The study was carried out from March 2004-2005 in Bauru, a city of Southeastern Brazil. Every month, on dates established randomly, 60 water samples were collected from the 19 supply sectors of the city, totaling 737 samples. The fluoride concentration in the water samples was determined in duplicate, using an ion-specific electrode (Orion 9609) coupled to a potentiometer. Following analysis, the samples were classified as acceptable or unacceptable according to their fluoride concentration. Descriptive statistical analysis was utilized. RESULTS: The mean fluoride concentration observed in the different collection months ranged from 0.37 to 1.00 mg/l. Around 85% of the samples were classified as acceptable. CONCLUSIONS: One year after implementing external control, an improvement in the water fluoridation conditions was observed in comparison with previous results obtained in the city. The implementation of water supply fluoridation monitoring by means of surveillance systems must be stimulated: this is fundamental for controlling dental caries.

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the fluoride concentration in the public water supply at the area supplied by the Water Treatment Station of Bauru and classify the samples as acceptable or unacceptable according to the fluoride concentration. MATERIAL AND METHODS: samples were collected from 30 areas at two periods, October 2002 and March 2003. The fluoride concentration in the samples was determined in duplicate, using an ion sensitive electrode (Orion 9609) connected to a potentiometer (Procyon, model 720). Samples with fluoride concentration ranging from 0.55 to 0.84 mg F/L were considered acceptable, and those whose concentration was outside this range as unacceptable. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics. RESULTS: the fluoride concentration of the water samples varied between 0.31 and 2.01 mg F/L. Nearly 56% of the samples were classified as acceptable. CONCLUSION: the variations in fluoride concentration at the area supplied by the Water Treatment Station reinforce the need of constant monitoring for maintenance of adequate fluoride levels in the public water supply.

To assess the fluoridation of the public water supply and compare these results with previous data.The study was carried out from March 2004-2005 in Bauru, a city of Southeastern Brazil. Every month, on dates established randomly, 60 water samples were collected from the 19 supply sectors of the city, totaling 737 samples. The fluoride concentration in the water samples was determined in duplicate, using an ion-specific electrode (Orion 9609) coupled to a potentiometer. Following analysis, the samples were classified as acceptable or unacceptable according to their fluoride concentration. Descriptive statistical analysis was utilized.The mean fluoride concentration observed in the different collection months ranged from 0.37 to 1.00 mg/l. Around 85% of the samples were classified as acceptable.One year after implementing external control, an improvement in the water fluoridation conditions was observed in comparison with previous results obtained in the city. The implementation of water supply fluoridation monitoring by means of surveillance systems must be stimulated: this is fundamental for controlling dental caries.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T19:03:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S1413-81232006000100029.pdf: 82280 bytes, checksum: 7e03621448caddff287644596f863187 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T19:03:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S1413-81232006000100029.pdf: 82280 bytes, checksum: 7e03621448caddff287644596f863187 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-03-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T18:05:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1413-81232006000100029.pdf: 82280 bytes, checksum: 7e03621448caddff287644596f863187 (MD5) S1413-81232006000100029.pdf.txt: 37772 bytes, checksum: 6430e6fb3c32cbb851bf958eb92458b3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-03-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:26:59Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S1413-81232006000100029.pdf: 82280 bytes, checksum: 7e03621448caddff287644596f863187 (MD5) S1413-81232006000100029.pdf.txt: 37772 bytes, checksum: 6430e6fb3c32cbb851bf958eb92458b3 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:26:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1413-81232006000100029.pdf: 82280 bytes, checksum: 7e03621448caddff287644596f863187 (MD5) S1413-81232006000100029.pdf.txt: 37772 bytes, checksum: 6430e6fb3c32cbb851bf958eb92458b3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-03-01 A proposta deste trabalho foi verificar o conhecimento dos médicos pediatras e odontopediatras, a respeito dos compostos fluoretados. Para tanto, foram visitados 91 médicos pediatras e 72 odontopediatras dos municípios de Bauru e Marília, que ao concordarem em participar da pesquisa receberam um questionário com 22 questões. O preenchimento e a devolução foram imediatos. Os dados obtidos foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva, utilizando freqüências absolutas e relativas, representadas através de tabelas. Mediante a análise dos questionários, verificou-se que alguns polivitamínicos que contêm flúor são usualmente prescritos pelos médicos pediatras, ao passo que os géis, vernizes e soluções para bochecho são bastante empregados pelos odontopediatras. Não foi estabelecida relação entre o conhecimento e tempo de formado, a idade do profissional, a universidade de origem, a cidade em que trabalha e a área de atuação (particular, rede pública ou em ambos) desses profissionais. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que o conhecimento dos médicos pediatras e odontopediatras, das cidades de Bauru e de Marília, a respeito da presença de flúor em várias fontes de ingestão se mostrou insuficiente e, em algumas situações, preocupante, com relação à prevenção de fluorose dentária. The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge of pediatric doctors and dentists, in respect to the use of fluoridated compounds. Ninety-one pediatric doctors and seventy-two pediatric dentists from Bauru and Marília municipalities were visited. After agreeing in participating, they received a questionnaire with 22 questions. They immediately filled and returned the questionnaires. Data obtained were analyzed by descriptive statistics, using absolute and relative frequencies, represented by tables. Some pediatric drugs containing a combination of vitamins and fluoride are usually prescribed by pediatric doctors, while fluoride gels, varnishes and rinsing solutions are often recommended by pediatric dentists. It was not established a relationship between the knowledge of pediatric doctors and dentists regarding the sources of fluoride intake and gender, time of graduation, age, place of graduation, city and area of working (public, private area or both). The results suggest that the knowledge of pediatric doctors and pediatric dentists that work in Bauru and Marília, regarding the presence of fluoride in various sources of intake is insufficient and, in some cases, concerning, with respect to the prevention of dental fluorosis. USP Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru Unesp Faculdade de Química de Bauru USP Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru Departamento de Odontopediatria, Ortodontia e Saúde Coletiva Unesp Faculdade de Química de Bauru

We examined the effect of age and sex on the relationship between the concentrations of Pb in blood (Pb-B) and in plasma (Pb-P) in an adult population with a history of lead exposure. Pb-P was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and Pb-B by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GF AAS). We studied 154 adults (56 men and 98 women) from 18 to 60-year old. Pb-B levels varied from 10.0 to 428.0 microg/L, with a mean of 76 microg/L. Blood lead levels varied from 10.0 to 428.0 microg/L in men (mean, 98.3 microg/L) and from 10.0 to 263.0 microg/L (mean, 62.8 microg/L) in women. Corresponding Pb-Ps were 0.02-2.9 microg/L (mean, 0.66 microg/L) and 0.02-1.5 microg/L (mean, 0.42 microg/L) in men and women, respectively. The relationship between Pb-B and Pb-P was found to be curvilinear (r = 0.757, P < 0.001 Spearman's correlation). The two quantities are related by the line y = 0.0006x(1492) (y = Pb-P, and x = Pb-B). The %Pb-P/Pb-B ratio ranged from 0.03% to 1.85%. A positive association was found between %Pb-P/Pb-B ratio and Pb-B levels. When data were separated by sex, this association was also relevant for men (y = 0.0184x(0.702)) and women (y = 0.0534x(0.5209)) (y = %Pb-P/Pb-B and x = Pb-B). Moreover, we found an interesting positive correlation between Log (Pb-P/Pb-B) and age for women (r = 0.31, P < 0.0001) and a negative correlation for men (r = -0.164, P = 0.07). Taken together, these results suggest contrasting effects of age on the plasma/whole blood lead ratio in men and women with a history of lead exposure. Moreover, sex might play an important role in the metabolism of lead, implying further consideration on the kinetic models constructed of lead toxicity.

Fluoridation of public water supplies is among the most important public health measures for control of dental caries. Through a review of the literature, this study intends to reaffirm the importance and scope of fluoridation for caries control, as this is acknowledged as one of the most effective ways of ensuring the constant presence of fluoride in the oral cavity, which is vital for controlling caries. Water fluoridation is rated as an important factor for reducing caries, meaning that it should be maintained and also monitored, ensuring adequate fluoride levels for controlling caries while avoiding dental fluorosis.

Considering that water is an importance source of fluoride intake, and that the consumption of mineral water and prevalence of dental fluorosis have been increasing, the aim of this study was to evaluate the consumption of mineral water and its fluoride concentration.The study was performed in residential districts of the municipality of Bauru, State of São Paulo, by means of stratified sampling via clusters. Each cluster corresponded to one residential block. For randomization purposes, the residential blocks were numbered within the 17 districts established by the city plan. One thousand homes were thus visited. Mineral water samples were collected using previously labeled 50 ml plastic flasks. Fluoride analysis was done using an ion-sensitive electrode (Orion 9609), after buffering using TISAB II. Information on the consumption of mineral water was obtained by means of applying a questionnaire.Around 29.72% of the city's population was consuming mineral water. In the 260 samples analyzed from 29 different brands of water, the fluoride concentration ranged from 0.045 to 1.515 mg/l. For one brand, the label stated that the fluoride concentration was 0.220 mg/l, but analysis revealed a concentration of 1.515 mg/l. Moreover, some brands did not specify the fluoride concentration on the label and, for these, the analysis showed concentrations ranging from 0.049 to 0.924 mg/l.The results demonstrated wide variation in fluoride concentrations and reinforce the importance of the control of such waters by the sanitary surveillance agency.