Search

Your search keyword '"Irene Cherotich"' showing total 2 results
Start Over Author "Irene Cherotich"
2 results on '"Irene Cherotich"'

1. Investment in fencing and its contributions to agricultural production in semi-arid Kenya

Author

Asienga, Irene Cherotich

Subjects
330
Abstract

Good land management strategies are known to play an important role in improving agricultural production. Fencing is an example and for this reason, this study builds on the existing literature to find out its contribution to agricultural production in semi-arid Kenya. The motivation is that there is lack of empirical data that has evaluated the contribution of fence as a productive investment in Kenya. Fencing was treated as a productive input in the production function alongside capital, labour, land and land quality. Cross-sectional primary data is used to achieve the objectives of the study. The Cobb-Douglas (CD) specification was used in measuring the contribution of fence to production. The instrumental variable technique was applied to test for endogeneity of the fence variable. Technical efficiency was estimated and two alternative approaches were applied, stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) and data envelopment analysis (DEA). In the DEA analysis, the output-oriented fronti er was estimated under the specifications of constant and variable returns to scale. Ordinary least squares (OLS) results indicated that fencing improves agricultural production. Findings from the two stage least squares (TSLS) regression show that the decision to fence can be affected by cost of fencing, age and education level of household head and the farming activity undertaken by households but the effect is insignificant. Maximum likelihood estimates (MLE) from the SFA also show that fencing has an impact on production. Further results from both SFA and DEA also indicated that there are substantial production inefficiencies among the sample farmers. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) results showed that there are differences in the means of fence variable and that fenced households are more efficient than unfenced homesteads though the difference is insignificant. Further, the Spearman rank coefficients show that the correlation between SFA and DEA is positive and significant at 5per cent level. More results show that the importance of fencing in different regions does not vary significantly and the aggregated data showed a positive impact of fence on production. It was therefore concluded that fence improves production and the policy implication is that since fencing has led to a series of positive benefits, there is need for the government to recognize the positive impact of fence and empower those communities who would wish to fence their land. Last but not least, the results are consistent with the theoretical view that fencing is expected to improve output.

Published
2012
Full Text
View/download PDF

2. Pre-exposure prophylaxis uptake and early continuation among pregnant and post-partum women within maternal and child health clinics in Kenya: results from an implementation programme

Author

Ambia L Naidu, Winnie N Mituga, Osama M Auma, Pauline Achieng, Christine K Ireri, Meridah M Mwania, Steve J Ochieng, George Owiti, Celestine C Atieno, Ajode C Aquino, Vivian A Obote, Harison Lagat, Titus Kipyegon, Kenneth K. Mugwanya, Felix Abuna, Magdalene C Rono, Emily R. Begnel, Esther N Bundi, Joseph M Mwendwa, Anastacia Kamau, Joyness B Kemunto, Paskal O Otieno, Neera Bhatt, Tonny O Ochieng, Emma J A Kephas, Cecilia B Makabwa, Martin C Ndung'u, Peris W Muthoni, Yvonne F Fondo, Jared M. Baeten, Dickens Onyango, Joel A Otieno, Mary I A Osama, Maurine A Odhiambo, Serede M Mmbukane, Diana A Ojowi, Fredrick Otieno, Elizabeth S Lubembe, Julia C Dettinger, Grace John-Stewart, Jillian Pintye, John Kinuthia, Melvin A Kiche, Rose K Chiira, Irene A Ouma, Bernard O Okeah, Emma Mukenyi, Veronica A Odede, Valarie Kemunto, Alice M Lipesa, Sila J Mwania, Anne W Njoroge, Jacqueline Q Adhiambo, Irene Cherotich, and Eunita I A Akim

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Pregnancy, Epidemiology, business.industry, Immunology, medicine.disease, 030112 virology, Discontinuation, 03 medical and health sciences, Pre-exposure prophylaxis, 0302 clinical medicine, Infectious Diseases, Ambulatory care, Virology, Family medicine, medicine, Marital status, Domestic violence, 030212 general & internal medicine, Young adult, business, Postpartum period
Abstract

Summary Background Pregnant women in settings with high HIV prevalence are at increased risk of HIV acquisition and subsequent vertical transmission. We implemented and evaluated a novel programme to provide pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in maternal and child health clinics in Kenya. Methods In collaboration with Kisumu County Department of Health, we integrated PrEP delivery within 16 maternal and child health clinics in Kisumu County (Kenya). Women and girls older than 15 years seeking maternal and child health services who tested HIV negative at that visit or within a month and were willing to receive PrEP counselling were interviewed to assess for HIV behavioural risk factors and offered PrEP. Correlates of PrEP initiation and continuation were assessed using Poisson regression in univariate and multivariate analyses. Potential correlates included in our analyses were age, marital status, marriage type, whether pregnant or post partum, gestational age (if pregnant), and HIV risk factors in the previous 6 months. Reasons for the decision to discontinue after having decided to initiate PrEP were evaluated. Women who initiated PrEP were followed up 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after initiation. Findings Between Nov 20, 2017, and June 13, 2018, 9376 pregnant and post-partum women were assessed for behavioural risk factors and willingness to initiate PrEP. Overall, 2030 (21·7%) initiated PrEP, and 2027 had the status of their partner captured (153 [79·3%] of 193 women with partners living with HIV, 1178 [37·2%] of 3165 women with partners of unknown HIV status, and 696 [11·6%] of 5997 women with HIV-negative partners). Predictors of PrEP initiation in the multivariate analysis were: being younger than 24 years (adjusted prevalence ratio 1·14, 95% CI 1·02–1·28); having a partner living with HIV (6·96, 5·46–8·89) or of unknown HIV status (3·08, 2·50–3·81); gestational age of less than 26 weeks (1·22, 1·02–1·47); having been diagnosed or treated for a sexually transmitted infection (1·57, 1·20–2·06); having been forced to have sex (1·82, 1·38–2·42); having experienced intimate partner violence during the previous 6 months (1·65, 1·10–2·48); having shared needles while engaging in injection drug use (2·43, 1·69–3·50); and recurrent use of post-exposure prophylaxis (1·96, 1·36–2·82). Overall, 786 (38·7%) of 2030 women who initiated PrEP continued use after the first month, with 104 (68·0%) of 153 women who had a partner living with HIV continuing use. Having a partner living with HIV was the only predictor of PrEP continuation at 1 month in the multivariable model (1·98, 1·54–2·55). Frequent reasons for discontinuation were side effects and low HIV risk perception. No incident HIV infection was reported among women on PrEP. Interpretation Many women attending maternal and child health clinics had risk factors for HIV and elected to use PrEP, indicating that routinely accessed maternal and child health clinics can be an effective platform for PrEP delivery for young women. As PrEP awareness rises, PrEP provision in routine clinical settings such as maternal and child health facilities might contribute to decreased HIV incidence among young women. Funding US Department of State.

Published
2020

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results