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The diagnosis, treatment, and management of gynecologic malignancies benefit from both positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) and MRI. PET/CT provides important information on the local extent of disease as well as diffuse metastatic involvement. MRI offers soft tissue delineation and loco-regional disease involvement. The combination of these two technologies is key in diagnosis, treatment planning, and evaluating treatment response in gynecological malignancies. This review aims to assess the performance of PET/MRI in gynecologic cancer patients and outlines the technical challenges and clinical advantages of PET/MR systems when specifically applied to gynecologic malignancies.

Abstract Background Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is a ubiquitous protozoan parasite on our planet that causes toxoplasmosis. This study evaluated the seroprevalence and related risk factors for T. gondii infection in a population referred to healthcare centers in Meshkin-Shahr, Northwest Iran. Methods A total of 400 blood samples were randomly collected from the general population and assessed using the anti-Toxoplasma antibodies, Immunoglobulin G and M (IgG and IgM) Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) Kits in two steps before and during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, 2019–2020. The results were analyzed through logistic regression via SPSS 26 software. Results Before the COVID-19 pandemic, anti-toxoplasma antibodies were detected in 39% of individuals (IgG: 38%, IgM: 0.5%, and IgG-IgM: 0.5%). Among the eleven risk factors evaluated, contact with soil and people awareness were significantly associated with T. gondii infection (p 0.05). After the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, the overall seroprevalence for anti-T. gondii antibody increased to 49.7% (IgG: 47.7%, IgM: 0.5%, and IgG and IgM: 1.5%). Among these patients, 26% were positive for COVID-19. Additionally, before the COVID-19 pandemic, 40 samples were negative for anti-T. gondii antibodies but later became positive. The crude and adjusted models suggested that toxoplasmosis may be a possible risk factor for increased susceptibility to COVID-19, with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.28 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.82–1.99; P 0.05), and COVID-19 positivity did not increase the levels of anti-T. gondii IgG antibodies. Conclusions The general population in this region had a moderate seroprevalence of T. gondii. The increased number of COVID-19-positive patients with latent toxoplasmosis highlights the need to pay attention to the early diagnosis and proper treatment of toxoplasmosis in these patients and implement preventive programs in these areas for future possible viral infections.

Objective(s): Amiloride is a pyrazine compound that inhibits the reabsorption of sodium by blocking sodium channels in the cells of the renal cortex. It has demonstrated promising efficacy in the treatment of cancer in recent times. This study assessed the in vivo biodistribution of amiloride conjugated to dendrimer as a targeted agent utilizing SPECT imaging.Materials and Methods: The dendrimer was synthesised using polyethylene glycol and citric acid as precursors, and dicyclohexyl carbodiimide as a zero-order crosslinker. Amiloride was then conjugated to the dendrimer through the terminal amine group, forming an amide bond with the acidic group of the dendrimer. The synthetic particles were assessed by characterization techniques including FTIR, TEM, LC-Mass, and MAP. The response surface optimization method based on the core chemical was employed to achieve maximum labelling efficiency. The ideal circumstances and biodistribution in the in vivo environment were assessed. Results: TThe characterization findings demonstrated the effective formation and linkage of the nanoconjugate. The Radiochemical purity (RCP) of the dendrimer-amiloride complexes with Technetium-99m, achieved under ideal conditions (28 minutes of incubation, 1.4 units of reduced agent, and 17.5 mg of dendrimer-amiloride), exceeds 90%. This demonstrates the considerable potential of dendrimer-amiloride in forming complexes with Technetium-99m. The results from imaging and biodistribution tests showed that 99mTc-dendrimer–amiloride had a high level of activity (7.8 %ID/g) at the tumor site. This was due to the increased expression of sodium channel. Conclusion: The favorable characteristics and conduct of the produced nanoprobe indicate its potential as an innovative tool for the advancement of radiopharmaceutical-based medication. Furthermore, it has the capacity to envision a broad spectrum of malignancies.

Abstract Background This review aims to substantiate the correlation between vitamin D and retinal vein occlusion (RVO) within the medical literature. Method A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted in PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and Embase until December 10th, 2023. A meticulous literature search was undertaken to identify and analyze all observational-analytical papers reporting vitamin D levels in RVO patients. The principal outcome measures centered on the comparative assessment of vitamin D levels between patients with RVO (cases) and those devoid of RVO (controls). The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (code: CRD42024499853). Results A total of six relevant studies consisting of 589 participants were included in this meta-analysis. The results indicated a significant association between vitamin D deficiency and increased risk of RVO (Odds ratio = 14.51; 95% CI: [1.71, 122.59], P = 0.014); and patients with RVO exhibited a significant decrease in serum vitamin D levels by 1.91ng/mL (95% CI: [-2.29, -1.54], P

Abstract Background Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a significant retinal disease that leads to irreversible low vision, particularly in developing countries. The variation in AMD prevalence among different racial groups and highlighted role of inflammation on disease pathology from previous studies which yielded in inconsistent findings, It seems to be of great importance to do more investigation in this field. Methods This case control study involved 204 participants, divided into four groups of equal size (51 individuals per group). Three groups represented AMD cases of varying severity according to Beckman classification (3 groups) and one healthy control group. Sampling was conducted exhaustively until the desired sample size was reached. The control group comprised healthy individuals without any infectious or inflammatory systemic, ophthalmic disease. Blood samples were collected to measure inflammatory factors, including lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and C-reactive protein (CRP). Collected data were analyzed by statistical methods in SPSS version 21. Results Of the participants, 51% were women, and their ages ranged from 47 to 89 years (62.2 ± 8). According to multiple logistic regression analysis, age exhibited a statistically significant positive association with AMD severity (P = 0.038, odds ratio [OR] = 1.034). ANOVA results indicated a significant association between neutrophil count and AMD severity (P

Abstract Pirfenidone (PFD), one acceptable medication for treating idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), is not well tolerated by patients at full doses. Hence, employing of some approaches such as combination therapy may be applicable for increasing therapeutic efficacy of PFD. Losartan (LOS), an angiotensin II receptor antagonist, could be a suitable candidate for combination therapy because of its stabilizing effect on the pulmonary function of IPF patients. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of LOS in combination with PFD on bleomycin (BLM)-induced lung fibrosis in rats. BLM-exposed rats were treated with LOS alone or in combination with PFD. The edema, pathological changes, level of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β1), collagen content, and oxidative stress parameters were assessed in the lung tissues. Following BLM exposure, the inflammatory response, collagen levels, and antioxidant markers in rat lung tissues were significantly improved by PFD, and these effects were improved by combination with LOS. The findings of this in vivo study suggest that the combined administration of PFD and LOS may provide more potent protection against IPF than single therapy through boosting its anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, and anti-oxidant effects. These results hold promise in developing a more effective therapeutic strategy for treating of lung fibrosis.

AbstractBackground: Methylation alterations of tumor suppressor gene promoters are essential aspects of epigenetic changes in gastric cancer (GC). Cadherin1 (CDH1) encodes a protein with essential roles in cell-cell adhesions. In this study association of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) serum levels with the methylation profile of this gene was investigated in gastric cancer (GC), intestinal metaplasia (IM), and functional dyspepsia (FD) patients.Methods: GC (n=34), IM (n=8), and FD (n=48) patient serums were analyzed for the determination of OCP levels by gas chromatography equipment. The methylation status of the CDH1 gene promoter was examined by methylation-specific PCR (MSP) method. In order to confirm reduced protein expression of this gene in methylated samples, immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used.Results: Our findings revealed significant hypermethylation of CDH1 gene promoter along with reduced expression in GC patients compared with IM and FD patients. Furthermore, there was significant association between CDH1 promoter hypermethylation and 2,4-DDT (odds ratio [OR]:1.183;95%CI:1.001-1.398, p=0.048) serum levels in GC patients.Conclusion: Our results could suggest the association of 2,4-DDT OCP levels in the GC patient serums with CDH1 gene promoter hypermethylation. Additionally, this gene promoter methylation may play a role in the progression of pre-cancerous IM towards GC.

Abstract Background Type 2 diabetes (T2D) leads to serious respiratory problems. This study investigated the effectiveness of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on T2D-induced lung injuries at histopathological and molecular levels. Methods Forty-eight male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into control (CTL), Diabetes (Db), exercise (Ex), and Diabetes + exercise (Db + Ex) groups. T2D was induced by a high-fat diet plus (35 mg/kg) of streptozotocin (STZ) administration. Rats in Ex and Db + Ex performed HIIT for eight weeks. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), Interleukin 10 (IL-10), BAX, Bcl2, Lecithin, Sphingomyelin (SPM) and Surfactant protein D (SPD) levels were measured in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels were measured in lung tissue. Lung histopathological alterations were assessed by using H&E and trichrome mason staining. Results Diabetes was significantly associated with imbalance in pro/anti-inflammatory, pro/anti-apoptosis and redox systems, and reduced the SPD, lecithin sphingomyelin and alveolar number. Performing HIIT by diabetic animals increased Bcl2 (P

Abstract Background Female genital mutilation has many sexual, physical, and psychological consequences. The present study aimed to examine the relationship between Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C), and Sexual Function among circumcised women in Sardasht City, Iran.” Methods In this present cross-sectional study, 197 women who were mutilated entered the study by simple random sampling from two healthcare centers in Sardasht, Iran. A gynecologist first performed a genital examination to identify the type of female genital mutilation of participants. Subsequently, Socio-demographic and FGM/C-related characteristics checklist and the female sexual function index questionnaire were completed by interview method. Data were analyzed using SPSS 23 software. Results Type I and II of female genital mutilation were performed in 73.1 and 26.9% of the participants, respectively. The age range of performing female genital mutilation in type I and II of female genital mutilation was 4–10 years old in 67.4% and 71.1% respectively. Traditional practitioners/local women carried out the circumcision in all of the participants, and Sunnah/tradition was reported as the most common reason for doing this procedure. The average total score of FSFI index in type I and II of female genital mutilation was 23.5 ± 2.0 and 17.4 ± 2.39, respectively. In all domains of FSFI, women with type II of female genital mutilation obtained lower scores than women with type I. Conclusion Circumcised women have reduced scores in all domains of FSFI, and the severity of sexual dysfunction is related to the type of FGM/C. Considering the prevalence of female genital mutilation and its adverse effects, it is imperative to initiate cultural improvements through education and awareness. By educating and raising awareness among individuals about this issue, we can foster positive changes and address the problem effectively.

There is still little research on the co-delivery of vitamins and AgNPs to accelerate wound healing. In this study, a bi-layered electrospun PCL/PVA patch loaded with Vitamin C, Vitamin B12, and AgNPs was fabricated using a co-spinning technique. SEM, FTIR, degradation, swelling, tensile strength, disk diffusion, and MTT assay were studied. Nine rats were placed in three groups (control: no treatment, G1: without agents, and G2: with agents) for 14 days in an in-vivo study. H&E and Masson Trichrome staining were employed for histological analysis. Results showed that the final electrospun wound dressings depicted nanofibers with diameters ranging from 100 to 500 nm. The presence of AgNP enhanced the mechanical strength (40–50 MPs). An appropriate swelling (100 %) and degradation (50 %) rate was observed for groups with no significant difference (P > 0.05). G1 and G2 did not show a significant difference in terms of porosity (65 % vs. 69 %). Regarding WVTR, G2 demonstrated higher WVTR (88 vs. 95 g/m2. h). G2 showed a vitamin release of more than 90 % after 48 h. Compared to G1, G2 demonstrated good antibacterial activity (>3 cm) against E. Coli and S. aureous (P 0.05). Furthermore, the in-vivo study approved that G2 accelerated wound healing in full-thickness wounds, compared to the control groups, with notable wound size reduction (8 mm), epithelialization, and collagen formation. The findings support the use of this simple but potent electrospun wound dressing for the healing of full-thickness wounds.

Background: Case presentation: In this study, we presented an Iranian female with triple-negative breast cancer that developed acro-metastasis to the hand Conclusions: However, bone metastasis is the most common kind of neoplasm extension that we can witness in the breast cancer, acro-metastasis to the hand is an extremely rare kind of bone metastasis that we can expect.

Cardiovascular (CVD) + Respiratory diseases are recognized as the main cause of death worldwide. Fluctuations in temperature and air pollution have been reported as one of the most important causes of cardiovascular & respiratory diseases. Therefore, in the current study, we assessed the relationship between ambient air temperature and pollution on the number of total emergency hospital admission due to cardiovascular and respiratory conditions in the City of Bojnord, northeastern Iran. The meteorological data, including daily temperature, relative humidity and concentrations of five air pollutants CO, NO2, NOX SO2, and PM10 were obtained from online electronic sensors at the Bojnurd meteorological station from 21th March 2018 to 20th March 2020. Statistical analysis, penalized distributed lag non-linear method was applied using R Software. Also, sensitivity analysis test was calculated by using appropriate application.The results of the study revealed that the effect of higher and lower temperatures was observed immediately from the first day and the second week, respectively. Also result showed with increase and decrease temperature, significantly increased the risk of hospitalization by 36% (RR, 1.36; 95% CI (1), 0.95 to 1.95) and 17% (RR, 1.17; 95% CI (1), 0.88 to 1.55) until the lag 25th day, respectively. Based on the results, increasing temperature significantly increased the hospitalization rate of cardiopulmonary patients, but the effect of cold was not significant on the population as well as age and gender subgroups. Study have also proved that there is no significance correlation between air pollutant and Cardiovascular & respiratory diseases.

Abstract Background Unfavorable leadership practices are a growing concern in the field of healthcare and nursing that have adverse consequences on nurses’ career outcomes. One of the undesirable leadership styles is the toxic leadership style. Considering the importance of nursing managers’ leadership style and its impact on nurses’ performance and the scarcity of studies in this field, the present study was conducted to determine toxic leadership behaviors in nursing managers and their relationship with the turnover intention among nurses. Methods A multicenter cross-sectional correlational study. This study involved 551 nurses from 5 educational-medical centers in Ardabil province, north-western Iran. Three self-report scales, including The demographic and occupational information form, the Toxic Leadership Behaviors of Nurse Managers Scale (ToxBH-NM), and the turnover intention questionnaire were adopted for assessment purposes in this study. Data were analyzed using SPSS (Version 22) software using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient test, t-test, ANOVA test, and multiple linear regression analysis. Results Overall, 551 nurses participated in this research. There was a significantly positive relationship between Turnover intention and Toxic leadership behavior Subscales (r = 0.475, p

Background: Despite numerous clinical strategies performed over the years, Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) still remains a common disease with considerable long-term adverse effects in very premature infants. This study investigated the effect of budesonide-instilled surfactant on the incidence of BPD in preterm infants.Methods: In this clinical trial, a total of 190 neonates with a gestational age of less than 30 weeks, who were identified as candidates for surfactant therapy, were randomly assigned to two groups. The control group (S) received surfactant at a dosage of 200 mg/kg for the initial dose and 100 mg/kg for subsequent doses. In cases where it was deemed necessary (n=95), the intervention group (BS) received surfactant along with budesonide, instilled once at a dose of 0.25 mg/kg (n=95). The primary outcome was the occurrence of BPD, and the combined incidence of BPD and death Secondary outcomes encompassed other complications related to prematurity and adverse effects associated with corticosteroid use.Results: Demographic characteristics of the neonates were comparable between the two groups. Although a slight reduction was seen in the incidence of BPD in the group receiving budesonide, BPD rates remained statistically unchanged after the intervention (48.4% in the BS group vs 50.5% in the S group, P value = 0.772). The combined outcome of BPD and death was insignificantly different between the two groups (61.1% in the BS group vs. 63.2% in the S group, P value = 0.765). The addition of budesonide resulted in an increased incidence of sepsis and pneumothorax in the control group. However, secondary outcomes such as IVH (Inra ventricular Hemorrhage(, retinopathy of prematurity, necrotizing enterocolitis, patent ductus arteriosus, and hyperglycemia were unaffected. Duration of total parenteral nutrition and hospitalization time were longer in the BS group than in the S group.Conclusion: The addition of budesonide to surfactant in very premature neonates at gestational age

Background: Awareness, knowledge, and attitude towards waste management, environmental factors of waste disposal sites and citizens’ as well as waste generators’ behaviors should be considered for implementing a waste segregation plan at the source. Methods: The statistical population of this cross-sectional study includes 150 000 households living in Kerman. The sample size is calculated as 444 individuals using a stratified sampling method considering a 15% withdrawal probability. The correlation between Kerman citizens’ demographic data (age, gender, mean income, and household head’s educational level) and behavioral patterns (knowledge and awareness, attitude and behavior) regarding waste management and environmental factors of waste disposal sites was evaluated using SPSS software. Results: Examining the variables indicates that attitude, environmental factors, behavior, awareness, and knowledge have the highest mean and standard deviation, respectively. The highest mean score of awareness and knowledge was observed among individuals who earned 40 million IRR and higher income (2.55 ± 0.24) and those who had a PhD degree (2.63 ± 0.27). The results show that one unit increase in the score of awareness and knowledge, attitude and environmental factors could increase the mean behavior score. Conclusion: Teaching the households waste-related environmental issues and how to properly separate recyclable waste as well as providing correct information regarding the current (COVID-19 period) and future plans and policies of the waste management organization, and developing suitable motivational mechanisms could improve the performance level of a society.

Introduction Substance abuse in women has an increasing trend in all socio-economic classes. In addition to the fetal consequences, this problem has many other economic and social consequences as well.This study aimed to determine the prevalence of substance abuse and its related factors in pregnant women. Materials and MethodsThis descriptive cross-sectional study was performed employing a self-administered valid questionnaire on 587 pregnant women in Kerman, Iran who referred to public health centers and private offices to receive prenatal care. Participants were recruited from January to February 2020 using a multistage sampling method.ResultsThe most prevalent substances used during pregnancy (current use) were waterpipe (8.5%), opium (2.6%), and alcohol (1.7%).Substance abuse in first-degree relatives was a very strong correlate of substance abuse in pregnant women (OR = 7.26). The low level of education of pregnant women's husbands was also a strong predictor of substance abuse in pregnant women. (OR = 3.15).ConclusionSince substance abuse by family members was the strongest correlate of drug abuse during pregnancy, family-based interventions should be tailored to address early detection of such vulnerable women and necessary counseling services.

IntroductionHIV drug resistance (HIVDR) is an important challenge in the fight against HIV/AIDS and can threaten progress toward achieving the target of HIV elimination by 2030. Genotyping pretreatment HIVDR testing (DRT) has been proposed as a potential solution. However, the cost-effectiveness of this intervention needs to be evaluated to determine its feasibility and potential impact on healthcare systems. This study aimed to assess the cost-effectiveness of DRT among people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Iran.Methods1000 hypothetical PLHIV were simulated in terms of cost and effectiveness based on quality-adjusted life Years (QALY). The Markov Model was developed to calculate incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) using TreeAge Pro 2020. Deterministic and probabilistic analyses were performed for sensitivity analyses.ResultsResults showed that compared to not performing pretreatment HIVDR testing, this intervention gained 0.035999 QALY with an incremental cost of 1,695.32 USD. The ICER was calculated as 47,093.53 USD, indicating that pretreatment DRT was not cost-effective. The probability of opportunistic infection (OI) in people with viral failure, the effectiveness of Dolutegravir in people without drug resistance, and the quality of life (QoL) of people in the AIDS stage were found to be the most important variables affecting ICER. With an increasing willingness to pay more than 53,000 USD, pretreatment DRT testing will become cost-effective.ConclusionBased on our findings, pretreatment HIVDR testing is not currently cost-effective in Iran as it imposes high costs on healthcare systems with few benefits for People living with HIV (PLHIV). However, if resources are available, drug resistance testing can be a valuable tool in generating HIV molecular data and molecular surveillance of HIV.

Background: Impairments in executive functioning associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may impact the capacity of refugees and asylum seekers. Aims: To examine the association between executive functioning and PTSD with and without prominent future-focused threat (FFT) intrusions at rest and after threat priming. Method: 66 Farsi and Dari-speaking asylum-seekers, refugees, and immigrants were recruited into 3 groups: High PTSD & FFT Symptoms; High PTS Symptoms; Low PTSD & FFT symptoms. The Category Fluency Test (animals; food; flora) in Farsi was administered at baseline and after two counter-balanced future- and past-focused threat narrative tasks. Results: Higher PTSD and FFT symptom scores was associated with reduced verbal fluency [correct words (PTS p

The diagnosis, treatment, and management of gynecologic malignancies benefit from both positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) and MRI. PET/CT provides important information on the local extent of disease as well as diffuse metastatic involvement. MRI offers soft tissue delineation and loco-regional disease involvement. The combination of these two technologies is key in diagnosis, treatment planning, and evaluating treatment response in gynecological malignancies. This review aims to assess the performance of PET/MRI in gynecologic cancer patients and outlines the technical challenges and clinical advantages of PET/MR systems when specifically applied to gynecologic malignancies.

Abstract Professional sports performance relies critically on the interaction between the brain and muscles during movement. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a noninvasive brain stimulation technique which modulates cortical excitability and can be used to improve motor performance in athletes. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of bilateral anodal tDCS (2 mA, 20 min) over the premotor cortex or cerebellum on motor and physiological functions and peak performance of professional gymnastics athletes. Seventeen professional gymnastics athletes participated in a randomized, sham-controlled, crossover study. In this study, we assessed the efficacy of two anodal tDCS protocols (2 mA, 20 min) with stimulation over the bilateral premotor cortex or cerebellum with the return electrodes placed over the opposite supraorbital areas. Power speed, strength coordination, endurance, static and dynamic strength, static and dynamic flexibility, and rating of perceived exertion were measured before and immediately after tDCS interventions (bilateral anodal tDCS over premotor cortices, anodal tDCS over the cerebellum, and sham tDCS). Additionally, physiological muscle performance parameters, including maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) of upper body muscles, were assessed during tDCS. Bilateral anodal tDCS over the premotor cortex, compared to anodal tDCS over the cerebellum and sham tDCS conditions, significantly improved power speed, strength coordination, and static and dynamic strength variables of professional gymnastics athletes. Furthermore, bilateral anodal tDCS over the cerebellum, compared to sham tDCS, significantly improved strength coordination. Moreover, bilateral premotor anodal tDCS significantly increased MVIC of all upper body muscles during stimulation, while anodal tDCS over the cerebellum increased MVIC in only some muscles. Bilateral anodal tDCS over the premotor cortex, and to a minor degree over the cerebellum, might be suited to improve some aspects of motor and physiological functions and peak performance levels of professional gymnastics athletes. Clinical Trial Registration ID: IRCT20180724040579N2.

The establishment of regional organizations is one of the most important tools for the economic and trade development of the commonwealth of independent States. The expansion of economic relations requires the use of tools of wealth circulation, i.e., international commercial contracts such as sale, transportation, and insurance between allied countries. In the event of a dispute between the parties over the implementation of these contracts, filing a lawsuit in the courts of each of the interested countries is a traditional and, of course, not very efficient solution. In contrast, the growing tendency of merchants to include the clause of choosing a court in contracts and agreeing on the jurisdiction of one of the competent and even incompetent courts is a relatively new and efficient method. However, the question is which regional organizations have taken steps to recognize this business practice? Also, what conditions do the instruments of these organizations provide for the validity of the mentioned agreement and the resulting jurisdiction? Finally, what is the solution to regional instruments in the event of a conflict of resources? Recognition of the status of consensual jurisdiction can be a good model for those regional organizations to which Iran is a member. In addition, identifying credible instruments in this area will assist Iranian courts in dealing with cases of enforcement of foreign judgments based on consensual jurisdiction.

Abstract Background The accessory breast is composed of residual glandular mammary tissue that persists after normal embryonic development. The entity is so rare that it is easily neglected in the diagnosis of disease. Case presentation We report a 24-year-old virgin Persian woman with a left-sided vulvar mass and no pain or discomfort until shortly before her presentation at our department. Ectopic breast tissue in the vulva was diagnosed. We performed wide local resection of the lesion. Pathological investigation of the lesion confirmed the presence of ectopic breast tissue with secretory changes. She had no specific developmental abnormalities and had no relevant family history. She was followed up for 10 months and had recovered fully by this time. Conclusion Accessory breast tissue should be considered as a diagnosis when a mass is seen along the embryonic milk line, especially if the clinical findings reveal changes in the mass accompanied by changes in sex hormones.

Abstract Background Quality of life (QOL) and mental health among marginalized populations, including people experiencing homelessness in Iran, are understudied. We assessed the QOL and mental health status as well as their associated factors among youth experiencing homelessness in Kerman, Iran. Method We recruited 202 participants using a convenience sampling method from 11 locations, including six homeless shelters, three street outreach sites, and two drop-in service centers, from September to December 2017. Data were collected using a standardized questionnaire that included QOL, mental health, demographics, drug use, and sexual behaviors questions. Scores in each domain were indexed with a weight of 0-100. The higher score indicated a higher QOL and mental health status. Bivariable and multivariable linear regression models were performed to examine correlates of QOL and mental health. Result The mean (SD) score of QOL and mental health were 73.1 (25.8) and 65.1 (22.3), respectively. Multivariable analysis showed that youth experiencing homelessness who were aged 25–29 years old (β = -5.4; 95% CI: -10.51; -0.30), and lived on the streets (β = -12.1; 95% CI: -18.19; -6.07) had a lower mental health score. Moreover, those who had higher education (β = 5.4; 95% CI: 0.58; 10.38), had no history of carrying weapons (β = 12.8; 95% CI: 6.86; 18.76), and had a higher QOL score (β = 0.41; 95% CI: 0.31; 0.50) had a higher mental health score. Conclusion This study highlights that QOL and mental health among youth experiencing homelessness in Iran are concerning, particularly among those who were older, were less educated, were living on the street, and had a history of carrying a weapon. Community-based programs, including mental health care and affordable housing are needed to improve QOL and mental health among this population in Iran.

This study aimed to investigate the use of Althaea Officinalis extract (AOE) as a corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel (CS) in 0.5 M HCl solution. The AOE was extracted using heat-assisted extraction (HAE) and microwaves-assisted extraction (MAE) methods. The effectiveness of the AOE as an inhibitor was evaluated using weight loss measurements, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and Tafel polarization techniques. The adsorption behavior of the AOE on the CS surface was analyzed through adsorption isotherms. Additionally, the impact of temperature on the inhibition efficiency (IE%) and polarization behavior of the AOE extracted through both methods was studied. Thermodynamic parameters were calculated for the CS in 0.5 M HCl with and without the AOE. The results showed that the AOE extracted through the MAE method at a concentration of 800 ppm achieved a maximum IE% of 92.82%. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis confirmed the protective effects of the AOE on the CS surface in the 0.5 M HCl solution.

As the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic begins to stabilize, different medical imaging facilities not directly involved in the COVID-19 epidemic face the dilemma of how to return to regular operation. We hereby discuss various fields of concern in resuming breast imaging services. We examine the concerns for resuming functions of breast imaging services in 2 broad categories, including safety aspects of operating a breast clinic and addressing potential modifications needed in managing common clinical scenarios in the COVID-19 aftermath. Using a stepwise approach in harmony with the relative states of the epidemic, health care system capacity, and the current state of performing breast surgeries (and in compliance with the recommended surgical guidelines) can ensure avoiding pointless procedures and ensure a smooth transition to a fully operational breast imaging facility.

Political participation as one of the major indicators of development is a very important function of people's unique personality-interactive traits, particularly among students. The present research was conducted with the aim of examining the mediatory role of religious beliefs in the relationship between students' personality traits and their political participation. This descriptive-correlational research applied the methodology of structural equation modeling. The population included all the students of Ardakan University in the academic year 2020-2021. 300 students were selected among them by the convenience sampling as the sample. The NEO-Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) (short form) (McCrae & Costa, 1992), the questionnaire of political participation (Farajzadeh, 2014), and the questionnaire of religious beliefs (Khodayarifard, 1995) were used for collecting the data. The data analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics and showed that the personality traits of neuroticism, extroversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness have a significant direct effect on political participation among students (P

Hydatid disease is a zoonotic infection caused primarily by the tapeworm parasite, Echinococcus granulosus. It is considered an endemic disease in the Mediterranean region. In about 90% of cases, hydatid cysts are found in the liver and lungs; however, any other organ in the body may be affected, particularly in endemic areas. When encountering cystic lesions in these areas, the physician should always keep hydatid disease as a possible diagnosis in mind. To avoid life-threatening conditions such as anaphylactic shock or pressure effect on vital organs, timely diagnosis, and proper management are critical. When a rare site is involved, hydatid disease should be diagnosed using a combination of serologic assays and imaging modalities such as ultrasonography, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). These imaging modalities can also be used to determine the extent of the disease and assess possible complications. Here, we present a pictorial review of typical imaging manifestations of hydatid cysts in unusual sites. Being aware of these imaging features will assist physicians in making an accurate, timely diagnosis and subsequently, providing optimal management.

Abstract People’s lifestyles and, especially, their eating habits affect their health and the functioning of the organs in their bodies, including the kidneys. One’s diet influences the cells’ responses to stressful conditions such as acute kidney injury (AKI). This study aims to determine the preconditioning effects of four different diets: energy restriction (ER) diet, time restriction (TR) eating, intermittent fasting (IF), and high-fat diet (HF) on histopathological indices of the kidney as well as the molecules involved in apoptosis during AKI. Adult male rats underwent ER, TR, IF, and HF diets for eight weeks. Then, AKI was induced, and renal function indices, histopathological indices, and molecules involved in apoptosis were measured. In animals with AKI, urinary albumin excretion, serum urea, creatinine and, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio increased in the kidney, while renal eGFR decreased. ER and TR diets improved renal parameters and prevented an increase in the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. The IF diet improved renal parameters but had no effect on the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. On the other hand, the HF diet worsened renal function and increased the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. Histopathological examination also showed improved kidney conditions in the ER and TR groups and more damage in the HF group. This study demonstrated that ER and TR diets have renoprotective effects on AKI and possibly cause the resistance of kidney cells to damage by reducing the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and improving apoptotic conditions.

Background: Online education has become more vastly recognized as a powerful educational tool after the Covid-19 pandemic. It provides educational opportunities that were not previously possible because of time or place restrictions.Objectives: This study investigated the factors influencing students' acceptance of online learning systems during the Covid-19 pandemic.Methods: The study sample comprised 435 students from Kerman University of Medical Sciences. We used the external technology acceptance model (TAM) to determine the acceptance of online education systems by undergraduate students during the Covid-19 pandemic. Partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to check the model hypotheses. P-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.Results: In this study, 65% of the participants were men. The mean score for the items in the questionnaire was 53.1±19.3. The constructs of perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness had a significant effect on students' attitudes, and students' attitudes and perceived usefulness strongly influenced their behavior in using the online education system.Conclusion: The results of this study show that the perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness of the online education system indirectly affect students' behavior in using online education. Thus, educational policymakers at universities can emphasize the ease of learning and especially the easy use of mobile phones when choosing an online education system. In addition, the creation and expansion of the necessary infrastructure can facilitate student use of online education.

Abstract Background and objectives Drug addiction is a chronic and relapsing brain disease. Practicing self-care is one of the rules offered by therapists to improve the withdrawal process and prevent relapse. Based on the evidence, health beliefs, including Pender’s proposed model, are significantly effective in adopting self-care behaviors in patients. On the other hand, in order to evaluate preventive interventions regarding drug use and relapse of drug use; Having a good and appropriate tool is a special priority. Therefore, the present study aims to design and determine the psychometric characteristics of the questionnaire for measuring health-promoting self-care behaviors in patients recovered from drug addiction has been carried out in the west of Mazandaran province. Methods The current study is a cross-sectional descriptive methodological research. In the first stage, the items and primary classes of the new tool were extracted based on the review of studies consistent with Pender’s self-care promotion and a questionnaire was designed. In the second stage, the psychometric characteristics of the designed questionnaire were examined using face validity, content validity, construct validity and reliability. In the construct validity, the number of participants was 245 for exploratory factor analysis and 203 for confirmatory factor analysis. In the reliability test, 25 people participated to check internal consistency and test-retest. Random sampling was done from 12 drug addiction treatment clinics in two cities of Tonkabon and Ramsar in the west of Mazandaran province during 2021–2022. Data were analyzed using SPSS and AMOS software version 23. Results The exploratory factor analysis revealed 7 factors containing 29 item explained more than 61% of the total observed variance. The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that the data fit the model. In the reliability test, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient indicated the appropriate internal consistency of the tool and retesting the tool with an interval of 2 weeks showed acceptable stability of the tool. Conclusion The present study showed that the researcher-made questionnaire has good validity and reliability and can be used to measure self-care behaviors of patients who have recovered from addiction in order to provide appropriate solutions to prevent the relapse of drug use.

Background and purpose: Renal ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury is a pathologic phenomenon that caused to increase risk of mortality. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of sodium hydrogen sulfide (NaHS) on renal IR injury in male and female rats. Experimental approach: Fifty-eight male and female rats were randomized into 4 groups of control, sham, IR, and IR + NaHS. The IR was performed by 45 min of ischemia by vessel clamping followed by 24 h reperfusion. The NaHS (100 µmol/kg) treatment was applied 10 min prior to IR. Finally, after 24 h of reperfusion, the measurements were performed. Findings/Results: The serum levels of blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, tissue level of malondialdehyde, and kidney tissue damage score (KTDS) were increased by IR. Urine volume, creatinine, and urea clearances decreased by IR. NaHS administration improved some parameters in males but exacerbated KTDS and serum markers related to renal function. Conclusions and implications: Our data demonstrated that NaHS didn’t protect female rats against renal IR injury. In males, it has null effects or just a few protective effects via antioxidant activity.

A solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) of the pleura is a rare chest wall mesenchymal neoplasm which usually arises from CD34-positive sub-mesothelial mesenchymal cells of visceral pleura. It is rare, accounting for less than 5% of all pleural neoplasms. Recently, steroid hormone receptors were recognized in the cells of extra-pleural SFT. Progesterone may participate as a growth factor in many CD34 (+) stromal neoplasms. During pregnancy, the amount of plasma progesterone gradually increases. As a result, it could promote the development of cancers that rely on progesterone. However, the link between SFT and pregnancy has not yet been established. There are only six extra-thoracic SFT-reported cases with accelerated growth during pregnancy, on the literature. Hence, we reported an interesting case of SFT which is the first reported case of thoracic SFT presenting during pregnancy. Moreover, we attempted to clarify the mechanism of this tumor's rapid growth by examining its hormonal receptors status in the cells of this tumor.