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Background: Nursing is a scientific profession that focuses on the art of care. However, its theory-practice gap has led to problems in teaching nursing students. Therefore, this paper aims to present the effects of the implementation of theory-practice gap strategies in training nursing students in the emergency department. Materials and Methods: This study included the implementation and reflection phases of participatory action research in both the School of Nursing and Midwifery of the Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran, and the emergency ward of Alzahra Educational Hospital, Iran, from 2016 to 2019. First, 10 strategies were implemented with the help of stakeholders. In the reflection phase, 15 semi-structured, in-depth interviews, focus groups, observations, and field notes were analyzed using the conventional content analysis approach. Results: The data were obtained from 15 participants, most of whom were women. Data analysis revealed three themes and seven main categories, including leaving the comfort zone (understanding the necessity for changes, individual and organizational perception, and response to change), bringing about change (strengthening of patterns and preparation of processes), and unstable deployment of change (perceived promotion and planning to reinforce the change). Conclusions: Using participatory action research to reduce the theory-practice gap in nursing education is of grave importance. During the change process, stakeholders defined new educational processes or reinforced the previous applicable patterns. Also, they started to plan for more control over educational processes as well as considering new promotions. This is valuable knowledge for use in bridging the theory-practice gap in nursing education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Non-adherence to treatments increases the rates of hemodialysis complications, hospitalization, and mortality. One strategy for adherence improvement is peer education. This study aimed to investigate the effects of peer education on treatment adherence among patients receiving hemodialysis. Materials and Methods: This was a randomized controlled trial. Patients in the control group were provided just with routine care, and the intervention group received peer education. Treatment adherence was assessed both before and after the intervention via the End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) Adherence Questionnaire. Data analysis was conducted by the Chi-square, the Mann-Whitney U, the paired-sample t, and the independent-sample t tests. Results: There were no significant between-group differences in terms of the pre-test mean scores of Adherence to regular attendance at hemodialysis sessions (t = 0.19, p = 0.85), Adherence to the prescribed medications (t = 0.46, p = 0.64), and Adherence to fluid restrictions (t = 0.24, p = 0.81). The same finding was observed after the intervention, except for the mean score of the adherence to fluid restrictions dimension which was significantly greater in the intervention group (t = 2.86, p = 0.006). Moreover, no significant changes were observed in the mean scores of treatment adherence dimensions in the control group. However, in the intervention group, the mean scores of the adherence to regular attendance at hemodialysis sessions (t = 3.79, p < 0.001) and the adherence to fluid restrictions dimensions were significantly greater than their pre-test values (t = 4.47, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Education by peer groups improves the compliance of patients with regard to the consumption of fluids in the interval between two dialysis sessions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & objective: Pain management is always a practical challenging issue in pediatric oncology. Nurses should be fortified with essential knowledge, attitude, and skills according to required standard. This study aimed to develop a nursing care pain management program in children with cancer. Methodology: This qualitative study will be conducted through two phases of interviewing and modified Delphi to develop a pain management nursing care program in children with cancer. Results: Three main categories (nursing, pediatrics' parents, and health care organizations related factors) were achieved in qualitative phase as the base of initial pain management nursing care needs and Delphi technique revealed the contents in 13 pain management items. Conclusion: The development of a pain management nursing care program provides professional educational opportunities for optimal pain management in children with cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Pain management is one of the challenging issues in the paediatric oncologic domain. Strengthening nurses' knowledge and skills are necessary to establish optimal quality of care. The study aimed to develop a pain management nursing care program for children with cancer. Patients and methods: The participants of the qualitative research phase included 10 children's parents (8 mothers and 2 fathers) and 15 health providers (10 nurses, 3 oncologists, and 2 palliative medicine specialists). The study was the exploratory mixed method according to the Kern model with three phases, including two-stage qualitative stages (literature review and content analysis) in the first phase, providing a draft of the program (Phase 2) and validating the draft, using the Delphi method. Results: Three main categories emerged from the literature review and qualitative study findings, including factors related to nursing, paediatric parents, and healthcare organizations. They were realized as the base of initial pain management nursing care obstacles that were considered in the program draft. These categories were classified into 3 domains of knowledge, attitude, and skill pain management deficiency. The contents were confirmed in 13 pain management outlines at the Delphi phase. The second phase demonstrated the final program contents, including training on items of pain concept, cancer pain, painful procedures, pain assessment, nursing care, pharmacological and non-pharmacologic interventions as the pillar outlines in pain management. Conclusions: The nursing care pain management program in children with cancer with an innovative view provides professional educational opportunities for optimal pain management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Workplace violence against nursing students is a common phenomenon. This study aimed to investigate Iranian nursing students' experiences of workplace violence, including their reaction to violence and the consequences and the effects of such violence on the students. Method: The study participants were undergraduate nursing students. The data were collected using semi-structured, in-depth face-to-face interviews. Data analysis was carried out with qualitative approach using conventional content analysis. Results: Four categories were extracted from the analysis of the interview transcriptions: vertical violence, horizontal violence, reaction to violence and consequences of violence. Nurses were the major imposers of violence against students and psychological and verbal violations were the most of used forms of violence. The students reacted to violence in the forms of counteracting, reporting, disregarding and considering as commonplace. Conclusions: Workplace violence is a common phenomenon experienced by nursing students in this study, which causes devastating individual, educational, and professional impacts. Action plans including providing safe environment and appropriate support from nurses and educators should be developed in clinical settings to intervene and to prevent workplace violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]