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Involvement in agricultural circulation of unused and unproductive lands and the formation of a rational structure of land is possible only if the conditions necessary for the growth and development of crops are created. he latter is impossible without land reclamation, which is carried out in order to increase the productivity and sustainability of agriculture, ensure guaranteed agricultural production based on the conservation and increase of land fertility. The purpose of the research is to carry out agroecological typification of the lands of the reclaimed area. The object of research is the territory of the Kondratovsky rural settlement, located in the Perm municipal District of the Perm Kray. Agricultural land use is of great importance in providing the region’s population with vegetable products. The total research area was 5815.6 ha, including 2682.79 ha of reclaimed land. The site includes 43 fields, the area of which was 2173.1 ha. For soil mapping, a large-scale soil map on a scale of 1:10,000 of the Verkhnemulinsky state farm was used. Based on the raster soil map, 1010 soil cartographic units were identified. Marsh lowland, alluvial marsh, soddy-gley, soddy podzolized soils, as well as their reclaimed analogues, were distinguished. According to the granulometric composition, heavy soils (clay and heavy loamy) predominate. An agroecological typification of the lands of the reclaimed territory of the Kondratovsky rural settlement was carried out. Agroecological typification is based on spatial data characterizing the relief of the floodplain, the soil cover and the current boundaries of the agricultural use of the territory. The agroecological grouping of soils was performed using the Aggregation GIS-analysis function. On the reclaimed territory, one agroecological group has been identified—floodplain. Two agroecological land types have been identified: 1) elementary soil areas and patchiness of alluvial-meadow and alluvial-soddy soils; 2) complexes of alluvial meadow and alluvial-marsh and marsh lowland soils. The limiting factors and features of the use of these types of land have been established. To bring the research results to the administrations of a rural settlement, the Perm regions and land users, a Web-GIS application has been developed, access to which is organized through the GitHub platform.

Geochemical barriers in soils control the composition and intensity of geochemical fluxes of natural and technogenic substances in landscapes. The Perm Territory is an industrial region. The total volume of emissions from enterprises of the chemical industry, oil and gas industry, transport, mechanical engineering, metallurgy, electric power industry in 2020 exceeded 380 thousand tons. A sharp spatial change in relief elements, a wide range of temperature parameters of the climate and moisture conditions create a diverse combination of soil-forming factors and, as a result, the diversity of the soil cover of the region, determine the manifold of geochemical settings and differences in the buffer capacity of soils. The objectives of the study included mapping radial geochemical barriers to assess their spatial heterogeneity in terms of anchoring mechanisms and barrier capacity. The soil map of the Russian Federation at a scale of 1:2500000 served as the thematic basis. The database of soil properties was compiled on the basis of the data of the Unified State Register of Soil Resources of Russia with the involvement of regional sources. All maps and attribute databases for them were created using QGIS version 3.2.2 (Maderia). The mapping technique is based on the “horizon approach,” according to which genetic soil horizons are considered as radial geochemical barriers. Two maps of radial barriers were created: surface biogeochemical barriers and physicochemical barriers of the middle horizons. The estimate of the capacity of the surface organic and organomineral barriers of soils in the region was carried out according to the following indicators: the thickness of organogenic and organomineral horizons, humus content, and granulometric composition. The capacity of surface biogeochemical barriers follows a geographical pattern: from north to south of the region, the capacity of organic barriers decreases and the capacity of organo-mineral barriers increases. Among the intrasoil physical and chemical barriers of the soils of the region, the following were distinguished: carbonate, gley and sorption. In general, the region is dominated by oxidizing conditions with a high-capacity sorption-sedimentation barrier in soils. Podzolic and soddy-podzolic soils, occupying 62 % of the region’s area, have a sorption-sedimentation barrier. Podzols, podburs, brown-taiga soils have a low- and moderately capacious chemisorption barrier. The soils of the forest-steppe are characterized by a moderate sorption-sedimentary barrier. Gley barriers of hydromorphic soils occupy approximately 20 % of the area. These maps can be recommended for inclusion in the “Soils” section of the regional comprehensive geographic atlas.

In modern conditions, there is an objective need for the development of GIS in the work of nature reserves and national parks of Russia to improve the quality of solving scientific and environmental problems. The purpose of the study was to use geo-modeling of the soil cover for the territory of the “Basegi” Reserve (the Basegi Range, Middle Urals) using the method of generalized spatial analysis. For research, topographic maps, satellite images with high spatial resolution of up to 5 meters were used; GIS software; soil section data. In the course of work, large arrays of spatially distributed data were processed, which necessitated the structuring of information and the creation of databases. Based on the digital elevation model, the boundaries of geosystems of catchment areas and high-altitude plant formations are determined. For each plant group, the most favorable height range for their development is distinguished. Within the catchment areas of the rivers, the elements of their structural organization are distinguished: river channels, inner valley, sloping surfaces of the catchment, drainage funnels, fands, arcs. It has been established that basin formation is more active on the western slopes of the ridge, which leads to a “deformation” of the structure of the existing altitudinal zonation of the soil and vegetation cover. Electronic thematic maps on the main soil formation factors have been created for the territory of the “Basegi” Reserve. Based on a generalized spatial analysis, indicative relationships are established between vegetation, elevation, exposure and slope steepness, structural elements of the river catchment, and soils. Soil contours for the entire territory were digitized using satellite images, an automated method of decoding remote sensing data, taking into account all factors of soil formation. Geo-modeling of the soil cover on the basis of a generalized spatial analysis of the territory of the “Basegi” Reserve has allowed us to create a model of the structural organization of soils in space. The combined use of the basin method and geographic information technologies give high accuracy (80-90 %) when used for difficult natural conditions.

Minkina, Tatiana/0000-0003-3022-0883; MIKAILSOY, FARIZ/0000-0003-4543-5393; KIZILKAYA, RIDVAN/0000-0001-7475-9851; Sushkova, Svetlana/0000-0003-3470-9627 WOS: 000363554800014 The kinetic parameters of soil urease have attracted considerable attention; however, little information is available on its kinetic parameters and behaviors in response to azadirachtin application to the soil. A short (14-day) field experiment was conducted using Albic Luvisol soil (loam texture; pH 6.70; electrical conductivity 0.81 dS m(-1); CaCO3 content 0.04%; total organic carbon 0.99%) as the experimental soil in the Perm region of the Russian Federation to investigate the effects of different azadirachtin application doses on soil urease activity and its kinetic behaviors. The results showed that the highest urease activity was found under high azadirachtin application doses (0.6 L ha(-1)) compared to the control (0 L ha(-1)), recommended (0.3 L ha(-1)), and low (0.15 L ha(-1)) azadirachtin application doses at all different incubation times (1, 2, 3, 6, and 12 h). Soil urease enzymes exhibited typical Michaelis-Menten kinetic behaviors; high azadirachtin application doses increased the substrate affinity constant (K-M) and decreased the maximum reaction rates (V-max) of soil urease. As compared to the control azadirachtin application dose, the low azadirachtin application dose increased the V-max of soil urease; however, with low and recommended application doses, the V-max of soil urease decreased. Overall, in this study, all azadirachtin application doses were effective in influencing the kinetic behavior of urease in Albic Luvisol. Ondokuz Mayis University of Samsun, TurkeyOndokuz Mayis University [PYO.ZRT.1901.12.004]; Ministry of Education and Science of RussiaMinistry of Education and Science, Russian Federation [5.885.2014/K]; Grant of President of Russian Federation [MK-6827.2015.4]; RFBR, research project [15-35-21134] We extend our heartfelt gratitude for the financial support from Ondokuz Mayis University of Samsun, Turkey (PYO.ZRT.1901.12.004), the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia (No. 5.885.2014/K), Grant of President of Russian Federation (No. MK-6827.2015.4) and by RFBR, research project No. 15-35-21134. We would also like to thank Dr Yakov Pachepsky for the fruitful discussion.