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Managing anticoagulation therapy in individuals with atrial fibrillation who also have liver disease is highly challenging due to altered blood clotting processes and the risk of bleeding due to liver dysfunction. The literature highlights the complex nature of anticoagulant therapy in these patients, emphasizing the need for personalized treatment methods that take into account both thrombosis and bleeding risks. Research has shown a higher occurrence of atrial fibrillation in people with cirrhosis, highlighting the need to find the best anticoagulation methods based on the severity of liver disease and patient-specific factors. The debate over the safety and effectiveness of direct oral anticoagulants compared to traditional drugs like warfarin in cirrhotic patients with atrial fibrillation is still ongoing. Collaborative initiatives between experts in hepatology and cardiology are needed to address the complicated interplay between liver disease and atrial fibrillation, promoting interdisciplinary care models that enhance patient safety and treatment effectiveness. By prioritizing a patient-centered approach guided by extensive research, future directions in the hemostatic management of cirrhotic patients with atrial fibrillation may improve clinical decision-making and therapeutic outcomes.

Background and Objectives: Intestinal endometriosis is an exceptionally rare cause of intestinal obstruction. This case report and literature review aim to highlight the clinical presentation, diagnostic challenges, and surgical management of this condition. Materials and methods: We report the case of a 50-year-old female patient who presented diffuse abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, a distended abdomen, and an absence of intestinal transit for gas and faeces. Initial symptoms included flatulence and constipation, which gradually worsened for two months prior to the patient’s hospital admission, leading to acute intestinal obstruction. Diagnostic investigations, including blood tests, ultrasound (USG), X-ray, and a contrast-enhanced computer tomography (CT) scan, revealed significant small bowel dilatation and an ileal volvulus. The patient underwent urgent hydro-electrolytic and metabolic rebalancing followed by a median laparotomy surgical procedure. Intraoperative findings included a distended small intestine and an obstructive ileal volvulus, and required an 8 cm segmental enterectomy and terminal ileostomy. Results: Postoperative recovery was slow but favourable, with a gradual digestive tolerance. Histopathological examination of the resected ileum revealed intestinal endometriosis characterized by a fibro-conjunctive reaction and nonspecific chronic active inflammation. Five months later, the patient underwent a successful reversal of the ileostomy with a mechanical lateral anastomosis of the cecum and ileum, resulting in a favourable postoperative course. Conclusions: This case underscores the importance of considering intestinal endometriosis in women presenting with unexplained gastrointestinal symptoms and highlights the need for timely surgical intervention and careful postoperative management. Further research is required to better understand the pathophysiology and optimal treatment strategies for intestinal endometriosis.

Nowadays, artificial intelligence (AI) is an important part of our life and it is a field which continues to grow, to develop and to be implemented in many aspects of our daily tasks. In addition, it continues to conquer many domains of health care with huge progress maid especially in medical image analysis, like radiography, computer tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, digital breast tomosynthesis, positron emission tomography scans or retinal images. The purpose of our work is to analyze the current state of AI systems and software in the practice of pathology. The digitalization process of pathology was possible due to development and improvement of several whole slide images systems in the last decade which provide a vast and rich image data to pathologists and researchers. The algorithmic base of AI is represented by machine learning (ML) and the basis of AI software reside in different statistical model and methods on large set of data. Initially, different mathematical models were used as toolset for ML like supervised and unsupervised learning, random forest, clustering algorithms or component analysis. In the present, deep learning subfield of ML with its neural networks (NN), artificial and convolutional NN, are frequently used in machine vision field. Other tools used in image analysis of digital slide are data augmentation, probability heat maps, patching and computer-aided diagnosis. All of them lead to a high valuable output from which an algorithm can be extracted and can assist the pathologist to render a final diagnosis. Even if there are a lot of challenges in integrated AI solutions in pathology department, they can streamline the diagnosis process in pathology with improvement of workflow, boosting the performance with a better and quicker diagnosis. Image analysis in pathology continues to expend and new branches emerge (digital pathology and pathology informatics) with huge potential for innovative discoveries.

The purpose of this article is to present a rare, particular case of intestinal anatomy, intraoperatively evidenced as a vicious position of intestine determined by nonrotation of primary intestinal loop. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]