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ALUMINUM IS A CHEMICAL ELEMENT ATOMIC NUMBER 13. IT IS WHITE-SILVER, INSOLUBLE IN WATER UNDER NORMAL CONDITIONS. DESPITE ITS NATURAL ABUNDANCE, ALUMINUM HAS NO KNOWN BIOLOGY FUNCTION. IT IS A TOXIC RESIDUE, ALUMINUM SULPHATE HAVING AN LD50 OF 6207 MG/KG BODY, CORRESPONDING TO 500 GRAMS PER 80 KG PERSON. EXTREMELY ACUTE TOXICITY WITHOUT HARM TO HEALTH IS OF INTEREST IN VIEW OF THE WIDESPREAD OCCURRENCE OF THE ELEMENT IN THE ENVIRONMENT AND IN TRADE7. TOXICITY CAN BE TRACKED AFTER DEPOSITION INTO THE BONES AND THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM AND IS PARTICULARLY HIGH IN PATIENTS WITH RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. BECAUSE ALUMINUM COMPETES WITH CALCIUM FOR ABSORPTION, INCREASED ALUMINA CAN CONTRIBUTE TO OSTEOPENIA, PRETERM AND GROWTH RETARDATION. IN VERY HIGH DOSES, ALUMINUM CAN CAUSE NEURO TOXICITY ASSOCIATED WITH ALTERED FUNCTION OF THE BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER8. OBJECTIVES THE STUDY PROPOSES A COMPARISON OF THE CONCENTRATION OF URINE ALUMINUM HARVESTED FROM A GROUP OF CHILDREN DIAGNOSED WITH ADHD VERSUS THE NORMAL "CHILDREN'S HOMES SOS CHILDREN'S VILLAGES" AND THE ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF THE SEX OF THE CHILDREN ON URINE CONCENTRATIONS OF ALUMINUM. DETERMINATION OF THE URINARY CONCENTRATION OF ALUMINUM, PERFORMED BY THE ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROMETER WITH ATOMIZATION IN GRAPHITE FURNACE TECHNIQUE (GF-AAS)9. WAS USED TO DETERMINE THE ALUMINUM CONCENTRATION IN THE INJECTION MATRIX. CONCLUSIONS THERE IS NO SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE AVERAGE URINE CONCENTRATIONS OF THE TWO GROUPS OF NORMAL CHILDREN AND THE SYMPTOMS OF ADHD. IT CAN BE ARGUED THAT THE OCCURRENCE OF SYMPTOMATIC SYMPTOMS CHARACTERISTIC OF ADHD CAN NOT BE CORRELATED WITH THE PRESENCE OF ABNORMAL VALUES OF ALUMINUM IN SUBJECTS WITH ADHD. THE ANALYSIS OF ALUMINUM URINE CONCENTRATIONS IN CHILDREN WITH ADHD RELATIVE TO THE URINARY CONCENTRATION OF THESE ELEMENTS IN CHILDREN WITHOUT ADHD DID NOT REVEAL ANY STATISTICALLY SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE. THESE RESULTS SHOW THAT ALUMINUM CAN NOT BE RESPONSIBLE FOR THE PRESENCE OF ADHD SYMPTOMS. THE DEVELOPED OPTOELECTRONIC METHOD IS RELATIVELY SIMPLE, REPRODUCIBLE AND HAS A SENSITIVITY THAT ALLOWS ANALYSIS OF THE COBALT CONCENTRATION IN THE URINE SAMPLES. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metals and metalloids have urinary major route of elimination from the body. In patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), the elimination of these chemical elements occurs only during dialysis procedure. This can adversely affect patients quality of life if metals or metalloids accumulate in the body and lead to further problems of their health. The authors provide a Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (GF - AAS) method and the results of quantitative determination of copper obtained in a group of patients with CKD in comparison to a normal renal function control group. For every patient patients were collected two blood samples. One before starting the dialysis procedure and another to completion. During the dialysis, procedure was harvested six samples dialyzed at times: zero, 30 min, 1, 2, 3 and 4 hours. There are presented the blood copper concentrations, dynamics and the amount of copper removed during dialysis session and an accurate assessment of defi ciency/excess copper in patients with CKD in comparison than those of the control group. Although the blood copper concentrations at the end of dialysis procedure is lower than at the beginning, this does not differ signifi cantly. The average amount of copper removed by dialysis session is about 10 times higher than the amount 24h patients with normal renal function. GF-AAS is a sensitive, reproducible and relatively low cost price method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary route of elimination from the body of metals and metalloids is the urine. In cases of the patients with Chronic kidney disease (CKD), elimination occurs only during dialysis. Study of cobalt is very important because it is the composition of cyancobalamin. Determination of blood levels of cobalt provides information on the amount of vitamin B12 in the body. The authors present one GF-AAS method of assay and results of the cobalt amounts in a CKD patients group compared to a normal renal function control group. For every patient were collected two blood samples. One before starting the dialysis procedure and another to completion. During the dialysis, procedure were harvested six urine samples dialyzed at times: zero, 30 min, 1, 2, 3 and 4 hours. The dynamics of Co amount in blood and the dynamics of Co quantities removed during dialysis session and an accurate assessment of defi ciency/excess cobalt in patients with CKD to control group are presented here. The blood concentration of cobalt is not signifi cantly different from those of the control group. Although at the end of dialysis is lower than at the beginning, this does not differ signifi cantly. The average amount of cobalt removed by dialysis session is greater than the amount eliminated/24h of patients with normal renal function. GF- AAS method is sensitive, reproducible and relatively low cost price. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]