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Additives are crucial components that enhance the performance and longevity of lubricants, ensuring optimal engine operation under various conditions. Due to the increasing complexity and diversity of engine oils and their additives, it is necessary to study them in detail, to be able to understand the additive mechanisms and the importance of the correct formulation of lubricants. In addition to the base oils, what manufacturers call „additive packages" appear automatically in the composition of a very wide range of commercial lubricants, and their purpose is to improve their performance. Depending on the applications for which the lubricants are manufactured, the percentage of additives in the composition varies from >1% to 25% and in some cases even a higher value. The manufacture of an oil that achieves optimal performance in the lubrication systems of internal combustion engines represents a complex process of combining and balancing the properties of the base oil and the performance of the additives used. This paper aims to present an overview of the types of additives in internal combustion engine oils, their functions and the additive process, highlighting their benefits for the lubricant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exploitation works at the North Pesteana Quarry is located in areas with mineral energy resources, and contributes to ensuring the country’s energy security, based on an efficient system of supply of primary resources, production, transport, distribution and supply, to ensure food of all consumers in terms of accessibility, availability and affordability of prices, taking into account the evolution of the quality of the environment. The exploitation surface is isolated from the protected area Jiu Corridor ROSCI0045 through the neighborhoods from the eastern limit-the regularization channel of the river Jiu and the villages Balteni, Peșteana Jiu, Cocoreni, Olari and the neighborhoods from the western limit - the villages Valea cu Apa, Pesteana de Jos, Hotaroasa, Urdari. Lignite mining works do not affect the integrity of the protected natural area; by carrying out the works, the artificial barriers between the natural and the anthropic terrain are not created. The paper presents the results of the research undertaken in 2019 through the technical expertise in File no. 14666/3/2017*, Archive of the Bucharest Tribunal [1]. Measures are proposed to prevent, reduce and, where possible, offset significant adverse effects on the environment, including: measures for the protection of water quality, air quality, protection against noise and vibration, in the field of soil and subsoil quality, biodiversity and measures for the rehabilitation of the land for its subsequent use, etc.

Abstract Background Presently, different studies are conducted related to the topic of biomass potential to generate through anaerobic fermentation process alternative fuels supposed to support the existing fossil fuel resources, which are more and more needed, in quantity, but also in quality of so called green energy. The present study focuses on depicting an optional way of capitalizing agricultural biomass residues using anaerobic fermentation in order to obtain biogas with satisfactory characteristics.. The research is based on wheat bran and a mix of damaged ground grains substrates for biogas production. Results The information and conclusions delivered offer results covering the general characteristics of biomass used , the process parameters with direct impact over the biogas production (temperature regime, pH values) and the daily biogas production for each batch relative to the used material. Conclusions All conclusions are based on processing of monitoring process results , with accent on temperature and pH influence on the daily biogas production for the two batches. The main conclusion underlines the fact that the mixture batch produces a larger quantity of biogas, using approximately the same process conditions and input, in comparison to alone analyzed probes, indicating thus a higher potential for the biogas production than the wheat bran substrate. Adrian Eugen Cioabla, Ioana Ionel, Gabriela-Alina Dumitrel and Francisc Popescu contributed equally to this work

This paper aims to systematize knowledge on anaerobic co-digestion of biomass, having as main substrate organic waste, manure or sludge from treatment plants. The paper contributes to the transfer of knowledge on the recycling of organic waste in biogas plants in a sustainable and circular bioeconomy. It also presents a working procedure that identifies, both theoretically and experimentally, the optimal mixing ratio of biomass in biogas installations for anaerobic co-digestion. The authors' contribution is related to the interpretation of the different experimental tests performed in the laboratory and to the conclusions reached to identify the optimal mixing ratio of biomass for co-digestion in the pilot biogas plant where the experiments were performed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]