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Neste artigo observou-se também as permanências dos costumes rurais no cotidiano de Mossoró, como também as burlas e a inadequação dos diversos segmentos sociais da população. Investigou-se as reclamações de animais soltos nas ruas, o choque com a nudez do banho e a inadimplência da população com a empresa que fornecia a eletricidade. Questionando como a população experimentou o moderno a sua maneira. O corpus documental é composto por Atas da Intendência Municipal, Relatórios dos Intendentes, Resoluções Municipais e Código de Posturas, além, da análise de Jornal “O Mossoroense”.

This study proposes an analytical approach to niche-regime-interactive learning, taking an inter-organisational-network-learning perspective. This approach is illustrated empirically with a network-learning episode in which several actors engage with each other for the marketing of local products in supermarkets. Its novelty is two-fold: 1) it integrates the notion of learner levels into the MLP, differentiating between learning-in and -by regime; 2) it proposes a different understanding of learning loops than usually found in ST studies, by considering them as encompassing both processes and outcomes. The paper makes both theoretical and empirical contributions: 1) it helps to elaborate multi-stakeholder learning; 2) it enables capturing learning dynamics within and between sub-system and system levels; 3) it helps to elucidate knowledge-power issues learning is subjected to; 4) it elucidates the value of this network perspective empirically, illustrating its descriptive and explanatory power in helping to further the knowledge on learning at the regime level.

Technology transfer in Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects of the Kyoto Protocol has acquired increasing attention of policy makers and academia. This study is an effort to investigate CDM projects' related technology transfer process from the organisational learning and technological capability building perspectives. The study is based on a survey of CDM project host organisations in India, Brazil, Mexico and China. The paper focuses on absorptive capacity related determinants of technological capability building in the CDM projects. Absorptive capacity is a multidimensional concept thus we investigated the effect of the dimensions such as prior knowledge, personnel qualification, and training efforts.

This paper addresses the interplay between foreign direct investment (FDI) and the industrial and innovation policies of host economies. Drawing on insights from both business and policy literature, the paper argues that the prevailing macroeconomic perspective related to the attraction of FDI inflows and disregard for existing foreign subsidiaries are misleading. The rationale for this claim is the very fact that foreign subsidiaries are part of the innovation and the industrial systems of their host countries. Hence, their economic and innovative performances impact the overall dynamics and competitiveness of their host countries. Copyright , Beech Tree Publishing.

The purpose of this paper is to make a contribution to a further understanding of the implications of the growing presence of foreign affiliates for deepening technological capabilities (TCs) in Brazilian industry. It proposes a TC classification that emphasises the distinction between the use and generation of knowledge and presents a methodology for composing TC proxies by means of an innovation survey database. The findings suggest that both foreign and domestics firms have accumulated substantial capabilities for using existing technology, but only shallow capabilities for locally generating technologies. However, foreign affiliates score higher than their local counterparts in more complex capabilities, confirming their centrality in the Brazilian learning system. This gives ground for urging the elaboration of strategic foreign direct investment (FDI) policies that strengthen and deepen local TCs.

This article aims to classify and analyze the efforts at structural change made in the Brazilian motor industry between 1990 and 1996, seeking to relate them with the economic policy measures which had most impact on the sector. The study begins by examining the explosive increase in domestic demand for motor vehicles, its determining factors, and its main implications, especially the achievement of efficient scales of production and the initiation of a wave of investments which has been further intensified in the last three years. It goes on to study the increase in the technological dynamism of the sector, which is partly the result of these new investments. A series of changes relating to the new international linkages of the Brazilian motor industry are then analyzed, since as a result of greater trade openness there has been a significant increase in the coefficients of importation of parts and components or finished vehicles. Finally, an analysis is also made of some aspects of the Motor Industry Regime, whose adoption has had repercussions on the external linkages of the motor industry not only in the short term, by establishing import barriers, but also in the long term, by bringing it home to the big firms in the sector that they must make investments to expand local production and maintain higher levels of competitiveness.

Technology transfer in Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects of the Kyoto Protocol has become one of the important issues addressed both in policy agenda and by academic scholars. In many CDM project host countries, technology transfer is among the key provisions of sustainable development objectives of the CDM projects. This study is an effort to investigate CDM projects' related technology transfer process from the organizational learning perspective. The prerequisite for successful technology transfer and organizational technological learning is to foster technological capabilities (TC) of an organization. In this study we used data from our survey of the CDM project host organizations in four largest CDM host countries India, Brazil, Mexico and China. We assessed TC building progress and studied various characteristics of the organizations. The present paper focuses on absorptive capacity related determinants of technological capability building in the CDM projects. Absorptive capacity is a multidimensional concept thus we investigated the effect of the dimensions such as prior knowledge, personnel qualification, and training efforts. A strong positive association was established between prior knowledge and TC building; and less for qualification variable. Besides we proved a curvilinear relationship between prior knowledge and TC building outcomes.

The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is one of the three greenhouse gas emission reduction and trading instruments of the Kyoto Protocol (KP). The CDM allows governments and business entities from developed countries to offset their emissions liabilities by reducing or avoiding emissions in developing countries, where it is often cheaper to do so. Our results reveal that the majority of the CDM projects utilise local sources of technology. We attempt to explain technology sourcing patterns in CDM projects through the use of knowledge based determinants. Our empirical analysis indicates that in countries with a stronger knowledge base in climate friendly technologies, CDM project implementers tend to use local, as well as a combination of local and foreign technologies, more than foreign technologies.

This paper analyses the Brazilian trajectory of foreign investments, exploring the links by which economic structure has shaped the competitive advantages of Brazilian firms investing abroad. We apply the investment development path (IDP) framework proposed by Dunning, which provides the tools to explain a micro phenomenon with macroeconomic evidence. From this departing point, the paper aims to shed light on some aspects of the country's structure and recent events that had impact on the economic sphere, in order to further explain the position that Brazil holds in its IDP graph.

The global economy is changing rapidly and multinational corporations (MNCs) are at the forefront of this transformation. This book provides novel and profound analyses of how MNCs and emerging economies are related, and how this relationship affects the dynamics of the global economy. In particular, the authors deal with the nexus between multinationals, emerging economies and innovation from a variety of different perspectives. Innovation is regarded as a core driving force in the global economy but the authors show how it can impede as well as encourage sustainability. The book brings together insights from business studies and economics, and combines concise theoretical discussion with empirical analyses of unique data.

The global economy is changing rapidly and multinational corporations (MNCs) are at the forefront of this transformation. The book provides novel and profound analyses of how MNCs and emerging economies are related, and how this relationship affects the dynamics of the global economy. In particular, the authors deal with the nexus between multinationals, emerging economies and innovation from a variety of different perspectives. Innovation is regarded as a core driving force in the global economy but the authors show how it can impede as well as encourage sustainability. Multinationals and Emerging Economies brings together insights from business studies and economics, and combines concise theoretical discussion with empirical analyses of unique data. Researchers and graduate students in the fields of international business, international economics, international relations, innovation studies and strategy will find much of interest to them throughout the book. It will also be an invaluable tool for policy-makers in economics and commerce.

Over the last fifty years, foreign-owned firms have played an important role in developing the Brazilian industry. The focus of debate on the impacts of these firms upon technical change in Brazil has been on the use of technology. However, a further understanding of how they can help to deepen local technological capabilities (TCs) is crucial. The research we are developing is an attempt to throw some light on this issue. As part of this task, this paper aims to present some proxies for TCs, comparing foreign- and domestic-owned firms. Farther demonstrating a low technological performance in the Brazilian industry, the figures point to a moderate TCs-building process, both by foreign- and domestic-owned firms. This suggests that foreign-owned firms do not per si mean local accumulation of deeper technological capabilities.

This paper investigates FDI-related spillovers in Brazil. Contrasting to previous studies on other emerging economies, it found horizontal spillovers. However, spillovers did not arise simply as consequence of technology transfer from MNC headquarters as the standard approach presumes; nor were associated with differences in technological intensity across industries, in domestic firms' absorptive capability. Instead, spillovers were associated with particular kinds of localised knowledge-creation activities by subsidiaries. Those findings have both significant theory and policy implications. They help to make clear the explanatory limitations of the dominant 'centrally-driven' perspectives, and point to the relevance of focusing on subsidiaries' technological behaviour in order to explain the existence or not of FDI-related spillovers. This implies that government policies aiming at simply attracting FDI do not ensure that FDI-related spillovers will automatically take place. Instead, effective policies on this matter should be concerned with the innovative behaviour of already established subsidiaries.

The global economy is changing rapidly and multinational corporations (MNCs) are at the forefront of this transformation. This book provides novel and profound analyses of how MNCs and emerging economies are related, and how this relationship affects the dynamics of the global economy. In particular, the authors deal with the nexus between multinationals, emerging economies and innovation from a variety of different perspectives. Innovation is regarded as a core driving force in the global economy but the authors show how it can impede as well as encourage sustainability. The book brings together insights from business studies and economics, and combines concise theoretical discussion with empirical analyses of unique data.