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High-quality poultry meat products, characterized by freshness, flavor, and safety, are essential for consumer satisfaction and loyalty in the food industry. The consistent maintenance of quality standards in poultry meat products ensures not only consumer confidence but also contributes to their overall health and well-being. This paper aims to assess and verify the quality of turkey liver pate cans obtained within a poultry meat processing unit in the Moldova region, through organoleptic, physico-chemical, and microbiological analyses. The analysis of the chemical composition showed a content of 1.35% NaCl, protein content with an average value of 8.76%, and fat content with an average value of 24.6%. Also, microbiological analysis of the cans demonstrated the absence of pathogenic bacteria from the genera Salmonella and Escherichia coli. In conclusion, quality assurance of canned meat is achieved through the implementation of total supervision through the correct and impartial evaluation of all risk factors for the health of the final consumer. Hygiene must be ensured in all stages of production, starting from hygiene on the technological flow of canning, the hygiene of the storage space and the sale of preparations.

The research was carried out to follow the state of health of dairy cattle by determining the biochemical parameters in the serum. Animals of the BNR breed from a farm in the Moldova area were studied and blood samples were collected, later the following serum parameters were analyzed: albumin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), cholesterol, gamma-GT, total proteins, triglycerides, and urea. At the same time, the obtained milk production was correlated with the biochemical parameters of bovine serum, thus there were distinctly significant positive correlations between milk production and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), respectively urea, and an insignificant correlation was between milk production and albumin. Following the biochemical analyses, the liver parameters were very slightly above the limit provided by the specialized literature.

The purpose of this study is to highlight some aspects regarding the effects of mycotoxins on the health status of dairy cattle. Fungi producing mycotoxins are very common and can grow on many nutrient substrates and of course in very varied climatic conditions. It is estimated that a quarter of the crops present worldwide are to a large extent contaminated with mycotoxins and the economic consequences are quite serious. Because of large amounts of mycotoxins, crops are destroyed or used as animal feed, leading to poor animal development or death. It is known that if the crops used for feed are contaminated then products like milk and meat will contain mycotoxins or biotransformation products, unfortunately. Regarding the effects of mycotoxins on ruminants, the complexity of developing specific animal studies should be investigated, as there is a multitude of effects that cause confusion.

Mycotoxins are primarily low molecular weight, polar organic compounds that are soluble in a variety of organic solvents and are generated by fungal secondary metabolism. Mycotoxins have a significant impact on both animal and human health. The purpose of this article is to highlight the use of different chromatographic separation techniques in the determination of mycotoxins in food and feed. The significant implications for human and animal health of the ingestion of these mycotoxins and the ensuing legislative requirements in many countries necessitated the development of analytical methods. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has become the predominant separation technique in mycotoxin analysis, while thin-layer chromatography and gas chromatography are still utilized. UV or fluorescence detectors have found widespread use in mycotoxin determination, even though HPLC has become the omnipresence method of choice. These systems either make use of the mycotoxin of interest's inherent UV absorption or fluorescence, or they derivatize it using techniques that have been developed to allow for suitably sensitive detection.

Abstract Radiation delivery at ultrahigh dose rates (UHDRs) has potential for use as a new anticancer therapeutic strategy. The FLASH effect induced by UHDR irradiation has been shown to maintain antitumour efficacy with a reduction in normal tissue toxicity; however, the FLASH effect has been difficult to demonstrate in vitro. The objective to demonstrate the FLASH effect in vitro is challenging, aiming to reveal a differential response between cancer and normal cells to further identify cell molecular mechanisms. New high-intensity petawatt laser-driven accelerators can deliver very high-energy electrons (VHEEs) at dose rates as high as 1013 Gy/s in very short pulses (10–13 s). Here, we present the first in vitro experiments carried out on cancer cells and normal non-transformed cells concurrently exposed to laser-plasma accelerated (LPA) electrons. Specifically, melanoma cancer cells and normal melanocyte co-cultures grown on chamber slides were simultaneously irradiated with LPA electrons. A non-uniform dose distribution on the cell cultures was revealed by Gafchromic films placed behind the chamber slide supporting the cells. In parallel experiments, cell co-cultures were exposed to pulsed X-ray irradiation, which served as positive controls for radiation-induced nuclear DNA double-strand breaks. By measuring the impact on discrete areas of the cell monolayers, the greatest proportion of the damaged DNA-containing nuclei was attained by the LPA electrons at a cumulative dose one order of magnitude lower than the dose obtained by pulsed X-ray irradiation. Interestingly, in certain discrete areas, we observed that LPA electron exposure had a different effect on the DNA damage in healthy normal human epidermal melanocyte (NHEM) cells than in A375 melanoma cells; here, the normal cells were less affected by the LPA exposure than cancer cells. This result is the first in vitro demonstration of a differential response of tumour and normal cells exposed to FLASH irradiation and may contribute to the development of new cell culture strategies to explore fundamental understanding of FLASH-induced cell effect.

The emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a significant threat to global food security, human health, and the future of livestock production. Higher rates of antimicrobial use in dairy farming and the sheer lack of new antimicrobials available for use focused attention on the question of how the dairy production sector contributed to the development of AMR and paved the path toward taking action to curtail it on the targeted type of farms. This paper aims to provide an introduction to a phenomenon that has gained considerable attention in the recent past due to its ever-increasing impact, the use of antimicrobial drugs, the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) on dairy farms, and seeks to discuss the possibilities of approaches such as digital health monitoring and precision livestock farming. Using sensors, data, knowledge, automation, etc., digital health monitoring, as well as Precision Livestock Farming (PLF), is expected to enhance health control and minimize disease and antimicrobial usage. The work presents a literature review on the current status and trends of AMR in dairy farms, an understanding of the concept of digital health monitoring and PLF, and the presentation and usefulness of digital health monitoring and PLF in preventing AMR. The study also analyses the strengths and weaknesses of adopting and incorporating digital technologies and artificial intelligence for dairy farming and presents areas for further study and level of use.

The archaeological research from 2016-2021 allowed us to identify in Buridava some types of archaeological structures that can also be found in other sites belonging to the classic Geto-Dacian era and which largely correspond to the discoveries of Dumitru Berciu from 1961-1992.The discoveries were made on terrace VIII, the last one on the western side of the bushy hills of Cosota. Looking back and benefiting today from multiple sources of analysis (LIDAR, aerial photography, etc.) we are convinced that all eight terraces and the Acropolis served starting from the last quarter of the 1st century BC and throughout the 1st century BC as a necropolis/sacred area. Our study is based on the analysis of the archaeological context; forensic anthropological analysis; serological analysis; X-ray microtomography (µXCT) and 3D reconstruction; SEM and EDS analyses; X-ray analysis, EDXRF spectrometry;The bones analysed are of human nature, a fact that is supported by their morphology, as well as by the serological and physical examinations that were carried out. There are a few exceptions where, due to the extremely small dimensions, further clarifications could not be made. The analyses focused on 1457 cremated fragments and various component parts of the bones of the human skeleton were identified.

The mammary gland's secretion, called colostrum, is synthesized throughout the last weeks of pregnancy and the first few days following calving. It is meant to give the calf the necessary nutrients and physiologically active substances. High immunoglobulin concentration and low pathogen load define high-quality colostrum. The amount and quality of colostrum that is available and the timing of the first feeding after birth both have an impact on the level of immunity. Heifers produce substantially less colostrum than cows do, and the breed has a big impact as well. Colostrum handling and storage techniques, as well as milking procedures are essential steps toward quality colostrum management on dairy farms. This review focuses on colostrum management, methods, and techniques for assessing colostrum quality and the factors that influence bovine colostrum quality.

Bovine mastitis, defined as the inflammation of the mammary gland, is the most important diseases of the mammary gland in cows due to the considerable losses in milk production and the danger that milk from ill cows poses to public health. The number of somatic cells in milk is the most important indicator used for directly evaluating the condition of the mammary gland and the quality of the milk. The development of inflammatory disease in the mammary gland is indicated by somatic cell counts above 200 000 cells per millilitre. Differences in the composition of milk, such as its lactose content, are related to variations in the number of somatic cells. The present paper summarizes the current knowledge regarding the correlations between lactose content and milk somatic cell count, and the potential of this parameters as a biomarker for assessing udder health status in modern dairy cow health prevention programs.

In the last 15 years, about 300 breeds out of 6,000 belonging to different species of animals have been identified by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) as extinct. Among the cattle breeds seriously threatened with extinction are the podolian cattle from different parts of Europe. These belong to a group of very old European breeds, having ancestors in Bos primigenius. By studying molecular markers, can be obtained information on the genetic structure of endangered cattle breeds and through identification of some sections of the genome that influence certain traits, can be assess the conservation value of genetic resources of animal origin. The aim of this paper is to identify the main molecular markers used in the analysis of endangered cattle breeds.

In molecular phylogenetic analysis, the sequence of a common gene or protein can be used to evaluate the evolutionary relationship of the different cattle breeds. In order to evaluate the evolutionary relationships of different species, phylogenetic analysis is very important. By analyzing some genetic markers, can be deduced the evolution rate and the migration rate of the endangered cattle populations. This paper, aims to review the most important genetic markers, used in molecular phylogeny studies in cattle breeds. Thieu Phan Xuan et. al. studied the phylogenetic relations of Romanian cattle breeds to various other cattle breeds including Bos taurus, Bos indicus (Indian zebu), Bison bison and Bison bonasus, using mtDNA D-loop sequences. All studies concerne to the phylogenetic relashionship of cattle brees, show that the sequences are closely related or have recently diverged.

The most reliable technique of remote temperature sensing considers either the rise or the decay transient of a luminescent temperature probe. Here, real‐time visible (Vis) and near‐infrared (NIR) thermal imagings based on the simultaneous measurement of the emission rise and decay of transition or lanthanide metal activator are described. A single pulse time‐gated detection method that allows the real‐time mode of the temperature measurement, the emission detection at its highest temporal intensity, and the tunability of the emission detection in terms of time delay and gate width is proposed. Cr‐ZnGaGeO4/ZnGa2O4; Er, Ho, Yb–Y2O3 and Er, Ho, Yb–β‐NaYF4 nanoparticles that display luminescence in the Vis to NIR range (450–1200 nm) with timescales varying from 10 to 100 ms are selected. Maximum relative temperature sensitivity in Vis to Vis and NIR to NIR imaging which exceeds up to a factor of two the values obtained by the standard average lifetime method is achieved. This method applies to any lifetime‐based luminescent thermometer, opening a new avenue in designing accurate and straightforward lifetime thermal imaging systems operating in the Vis to NIR range.

The innovative strategy of using nanoparticles in radiotherapy has become an exciting topic due to the possibility of simultaneously improving local efficiency of radiation in tumors and real-time monitoring of the delivered doses. Yttrium oxide (Y2O3) nanoparticles (NPs) are used in material science to prepare phosphors for various applications including X-ray induced photodynamic therapy and in situ nano-dosimetry, but few available reports only addressed the effect induced in cells by combined exposure to different doses of superficial X-ray radiation and nanoparticles. Herein, we analyzed changes induced in melanoma cells by exposure to different doses of X-ray radiation and various concentrations of Y2O3 NPs. By evaluation of cell mitochondrial activity and production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), we estimated that 2, 4, and 6 Gy X-ray radiation doses are visibly altering the cells by inducing ROS production with increasing the dose while at 6 Gy the mitochondrial activity is also affected. Separately, high-concentrated solutions of 25, 50, and 100 µg/mL Y2O3 NPs were also found to affect the cells by inducing ROS production with the increase of concentration. Additionally, the colony-forming units assay evidenced a rather synergic effect of NPs and radiation. By adding the NPs to cells before irradiation, a decrease of the number of proliferating cell colonies was observed with increase of X-ray dose. DNA damage was evidenced by quantifying the γ-H2AX foci for cells treated with Y2O3 NPs and exposed to superficial X-ray radiation. Proteomic profile confirmed that a combined effect of 50 µg/mL Y2O3 NPs and 6 Gy X-ray dose induced mitochondria alterations and DNA changes in melanoma cells.

Laser Melting Deposition (LMD) is a metal printing technique that allows for the manufacturing of large objects by Directed Energy Deposition. Due to its versatility in variation of parameters, the possibility to use two or more materials, to create alloys in situ or produce multi-layer structures, LMD is still being scientifically researched and is still far from industrial maturity. The structural testing of obtained samples can be time consuming and solutions that can decrease the samples analysis time are constantly proposed in the scientific literature. In this manuscript we present a quality improvement study for obtaining defect-free bulk samples of Ti6Al4V under X-Ray Computed Tomography (XCT) by varying the hatch spacing and distance between planes. Based on information provided by XCT, the experimental conditions were changed until complete elimination of porosity. Information on the defects in the bulk of the samples by XCT was used for feedback during parameters tuning in view of complete removal of pores. The research time was reduced to days instead of weeks or months of samples preparation and analysis by destructive metallographic techniques.