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Aquaculture systems globally face significant environmental challenges, particularly concerning wastewater management. This review explores the innovative application of oxygenic photosynthetic microorganisms (OPhMs), specifically microalgae and cyanobacteria, as a sustainable solution for wastewater treatment within these systems. OPhMs offer a dual role in wastewater treatment by removing harmful pollutants such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and heavy metals, while simultaneously improving water quality through oxygenation. We evaluate the integration of OPhMs into existing aquaculture operations, considering key factors such as system design, operational conditions, and economic viability. Additionally, we discuss the potential of algal biomass as a secondary resource for producing biofuels, animal feed, and other bio-products, contributing to the circular economy model. Our findings highlight the ability of OPhM systems to significantly reduce the ecological footprint of aquaculture while recovering valuable resources. However, challenges such as process stability, especially under low-temperature conditions, and the efficiency of biomass harvesting, require further research. This study provides a comprehensive framework for future development and optimization of OPhM-based wastewater treatment systems to improve the sustainability of aquaculture operations.

The Romanian Carcass Classification Commission (RCCC) was established in 2004 and it became the official partner for delivering carcass quality information to the European Commission in 2007. RCCC is the NGO serving the interests of the private stakeholders in the meat chain (farmers, slaughterhouses, processors, and traders), which guarantees the neutrality and objectivity of carcass quality assessment according to SEUROP grading system’s legally binding rules. Considering the importance of an independent assessment of the slaughter pig quality for the entire food chain, the analysis of the carcass quality evolution in Romania is important for future benchmarking and trend assessments as well. The current review is based on the public data developed in time by the RCCC. It demonstrates the importance of a professional organization measuring the quality of carcass in slaughtered pigs and its impact on the meat chain as a whole, both for its stakeholders and consumers. It also highlights the evolution of the pig carcasses produced in Romania, underlining the main factors involved and expected trends under the current circumstances of the presence and spread of the African Swine Fever virus (ASF) within Romania in the last four years. The main conclusion is that while the carcass quality improved over time, the graded carcass number decreased after 2017, primarily due to ASF outbreaks in commercial farms and the overall reduction of the farmed pig inventory, and increasing dependence of Romanian consumers on imports.

This research addresses the problem of CO2, CH4, and N2O emissions in the EU for the 2008–2018 period, and their contributing factors, through extensive and complex analysis. The research incubated in the manuscript answers the question of whether new state members managed to catch up with old state members regarding technology innovation and mitigation of N2O emissions from agriculture activities. The methodology used includes Tapio decoupling index and the metafrontier non-radial Malmquist N2O emission performance index. The research considers short-term, medium-term, and long-term decoupling analyses. Results suggest a shift of decoupling status is worse for the 2013–2018 period compared to the 2008–2013 period which should concern low-carbon agriculture policy-makers. Also, it was noticed an increase in total-factor N2O emission performance for the 2008–2018 period. New state members managed to catch up with old state members regarding technology innovation and mitigation of N2O emissions from agricultural activities; however, not all countries managed to do so. For example, Romania has experienced an efficiency loss due to a technology change and from this perspective, Romania should address first managing N2O and CO2 emissions. The findings extend the traditional framework of investigating the effects of CO2, CH4, and N2O in agriculture and highlight the necessity of addressing environmental aspects from a broader perspective of the policymakers and in developing innovative decoupling indexes. The research investigation is reporting from a post-transition country by prioritizing the measures to be implemented.

Upper Triassic calcareous algae, abundant and well-diversified in Tethyan deposits, have rarely been described in rocks of Panthalassan origin. Over the past ten years, several studies were performed on Upper Triassic carbonate deposits of Panthalassan affinity in North America, Japan and Far East Russia, revealing unexpectedly rich and diversified assemblages. The samples were collected from nine localities situated on both sides of the Pacific Ocean. The identified algal assemblage consists of green and red algae, including fourteen dasycladaleans, rare bryopsidaleans, and several rhodophyceans. This paper describes the main algal taxa, including six new species: Holosporella? rossanae Bucur & Del Piero n. sp., Holosporella magna Bucur & Fucelli n. sp., Griphoporella minuta Bucur & Peybernes n. sp., Patruliuspora pacifica Bucur, Del Piero & Peyrotty n. sp., Patruliuspora oregonica Bucur & Rigaud n. sp. and Collarecodium? nezpercae Bucur & Rigaud n. sp. Rivulariacean-like cyanobacteria and thaumatoporellacean algae are also present. The whole Panthalassan algal assemblage comprises both unknown (?endemic) and common taxa of the Tethyan domain. To explain the cosmopolitan distribution of various Upper Triassic benthic organisms scleractinian corals, calcified sponges, foraminifera), a close connection with the Tethys Ocean was hypothesized by different authors. During the Late Triassic, the Tethys was open to the east on the Western Panthalassa but not to the west, suggesting that Triassic calcareous algae were able to efficiently colonize environments that are estimated to be more than 10’000 km apart. An adventitious transport of calcareous algae and/or their spores is proposed to explain this long-range algal dispersal.

The paper shows that to date, intangible assets are considered "goods" and as such, the practice of classical accounting consider intellectual capital in the same category of "goods equivalent / similar to those visible / tangible". From research that literature on measuring knowledge assets / intellectual capital, both in Romania and worldwide, is not large enough and does not provide finite significant "strong" on classifications semantic of the content and quality issues in the field. The book titled New Economy between knowledge and risk – Infomin Ed., Deva, 2010 (www.infomindeva.ro) (ISBN 978-973-7646-11-8), (Ioan I. Gâf-Deac) presents systematization and classification of original models and methodologies for measuring knowledge assets, intellectual capital in socio-economic sciences, and as such, in this present article resorting to the extension applied to formalizing measurement of intangible assets in areas operation and exploitation of natural resources.

The paper starts from the thesis that proves non-invasive behavioral explaining differences, but the existence of operational priorities of the company / entity / enterprise lead to invasiveness. There are no known ways / methods / programming doxastic methods as long as management intervention can be treated as a hub that dominates hypertext / productive economic common rules the world. The phenomenon of identity management is far from meeting the full harmonization attitudinal decision-making process. Doxastic management is a new epistemological covered by copyright scientifically in 2013 (Ioan Gaf-Deac, Fundamentals of Doxastic Management, Ed. FMP, Bucharest, 2013, 508 pp., Sole author, ISBN 978-606-93321-5 -3). The paper described aspects of doxastic procedural behavior, situations tangible managerial decision in doxastic field. They are played and the comparison between deterministic doxastic systems analysis and managerial phenomena is considered to operationalize participation of doxastic meta-linguistic logic of dynamic management. Doxastic management simplicity and demarcation or limitation of positive action by doxastic management round alignments research.

Network - as a comprehensive structure - can be considered "unconventional formula" and intercessory actions to reduce transaction costs between operators of composition. Elements of analytical indicators for the business at the new economy concerns: network company related new economy; potential network; internal resources of knowledge; networked learning facilities; external sources of knowledge; network relationships; new intellectual capital; complementarities of knowledge; network global indicators and indicators for corporate networking. In this context, the aim is conceptual preoccupations for commitment guarantee for the establishment in the scientific, economic and managerial Romania's competitive advantage in absolute terms compared to relativity concerns only obtain comparative advantages.

This paper deals with the management of welfare maximization problems about New Economy etween knowledge and risk. Integrative systemic perspectives are analyzed between knowledge economy and risk. Also describes the prerequisites for formalization utilitarian jurisprudence regarding integrative systems outlook for the economy between knowledge and risk. In this context, it is estimated that in management, economics and law may be formalized utilitarian jurisprudence. Freedom and efficiency of governance, distribution of rights and obligations regarding registration report completes the study of phase between freedom of cyber-space and legal normativity.

In the present article, the commercial value of fish scales (FS), one of the most discarded fish wastes, has been identified by discovering their gelation capability. Fish scales of different physical forms were applied for the removal of dyes (acid red 1 (AR1), acid blue 45 (AB45), and acid yellow 127 (AY127)) from textile dye solution by absorption process. An astounding phenomenon, gelation of the treated solution, was noticed when it was aged for a certain period. The absorption of dye by FS was confirmed and quantified by FT-IR and UV-visible spectroscopy analyses, respectively. Process optimization revealed that pristine FS showed better gelation efficacy compared to pulverized FS. The gelation process was successful only when the dye solution contained acid and salt. As most of the textile effluents contain acids and salts in the discarded dye solution, this gelation process implies an obvious indication of the saving process and chemical cost in textile waste treatment. The jellified wastewater was characterized by exploring the rheological properties. Based on these analyses, potential application areas have been discussed.

Currently, two anthropological models are dominant in Romania. The first is the atheistic-evolutionary model and the second is the Christian model. The purpose of this article is to assess the students’ opinion on the two anthropological models and, in particular, on the purpose of human life. To that effect, there have been used the coefficients of association between the main aspects of the two models. Starting from the two outlined approaches, this paper aims to investigate the opinions of the students from two different specializations within Ovidius University of Constanta – the Faculty of Economics and the Faculty of Theology – on the issues mentioned above

The nowadays international market of outsourcing services is relatively mature and with age comes wisdom ... Thus, on a grown market, choosing to outsource services can not only be justified by the strive to reduce costs but it aims to meeting more advanced objectives as accurate alignment with business strategies of the enterprise. As a result, outsourcing has reached new forms of expression that can help the enterprises to gain competitive advantage. In the context of a grown market, a new concept appears, namely the multisourcing which it refers to the outsourcing model of the future [1] that businesses must prepare to accept and use. This concept or model of the future refers to working with several suppliers, which are competitors in a spirit of trust and teamwork, in a collaborative process to maximize the benefits associated with outsourcing process.

In the past few years considerable demand for business oriented multimedia information systems has developed. A multimedia information system is one that can create, import, integrate, store, retrieve, edit, and delete two or more types of media materials in digital form, such as audio, image, full-motion video, and text information. Multimedia information systems play a central role in many business activities. They represent a very special class complex computing systems. This paper surveys a special type of multimedia information systems: multimedia news systems. Multimedia news systems deal with architectures to manage complex multimedia news databases, online presentation and distribution services or the integration of several existing services to meta-services using intelligent news retrieval engines. The leading presentation platform in multimedia news presentation is news networks providing television services and Internet content distribution. The primary focus is on advanced multimedia news systems infrastructure, document standards, application architecture and principles for multimedia news on the Web that suggest long-term trends in this increasingly important area.

Whereas knowledge management systems (KMS) continues to gain popularity as a corporate most advanced information systems, the acceptance of standardized KMS assessment approaches has logged. Developing metrics to assess a corporate KMS is inherently problematic due to the intangible nature of knowledge-based resources, and for the fact that measurement is a precursor to improvement. This is true for knowledge management capabilities of an organization. Nonetheless, assessment is of vital importance for valuation purposes as well as to help managers determine whether particular KMS are effective working. The main focus of this paper is to explain the value of knowledge management and provide a general overview of measurement approaches. Finally, developing an improved measurement system for corporate KMS is considered the key to the competitive success of the organization.

Calcareous Albian-Cenomanian strata in the Potiguar basin yield a number of microfossils, among which are calcareous algae (Dasycladales and Corallinales). This data, together with an inventory of previous discoveries, enabled the discussion of their biogeography. These benthic organisms probably came from the early Central Atlantic Ocean through its northwestern neck between Africa and South America and thus reached the early South Atlantic platforms.

Three fragments of reproductive caps have been discovered in the Sarmatian limestones of Tinnye (Hungary). They are assigned to the genus Acetabularia (Polyphysaceae, formerly Acetabulariaceae). Two of these fragments are quite well preserved with nine rays each. One specimen bears distinct spines at the outer ends of long rays, whereas another one has short rays with rounded outer ends and, possibly, a partially preserved corona. The third fragment is characterized by very elongated rays containing numerous gametangia.

Several organisms or interaction of organisms have been described for a long time interval from late Paleozoic to Cretaceous as Tubiphytes with type species T. obscurus MASLOV (1956). Paleozoic Tubiphytes were revised by SENOWBARI-DARYAN & FLÜGEL (1993), Triassic representatives still needed to be revised. For Jurassic (extremely abundant in upper Jurassic) and Cretaceous organisms, known as ";;Tubiphytes";; morronensis CRESCENTI (1969), the new genus name Crescentina was proposed by SENOWBARI-DARYAN et al. (2007). Because this generic name was invalidely published, we propose here the genus name Crescentiella. Differences of Crescentiella nov. gen. and Tubiphytes MASLOV are discussed. The systematic position of Crescentiella as foraminifer, interaction of foraminifer and cyanophyceans or as special kind of oncolites is discussed. It is interpreted as symbiosis or encrustation between cyanobacteria and nubecularid foraminifer, uncertain tube or rarely other biogenic components. Comments on similar associations, e.g. genus Labes ELIASOVA, are provided.

A study of calcareous strata previously assigned to the Barremian-Early Aptian interval in the northwestern part of P?durea Craiului, (Apuseni Mountains), led to the identification of a micropaleontological association indicative of a Late Aptian age. Unequivocal evidence for the Late Aptian assignment of these limestones is the presence throughout the sequence of two orbitolinid species, Mesorbitolina texana (ROEMER) and Mesorbitolina subconcava (LEYMERIE). The most interesting sections are located in the neighbourhood of Subpiatr?, where both outcrops and a quarry facilitated detailed analyses. In this area, the Upper Aptian succession consists basically of three types of macrofacies: 1, limestone with rudists; 2, limestone with Bacinella and 3, limestone with corals, each of them showing several types of microfacies. Bacinella structures are the most common feature in the whole succession, irrespective of the macrofacies. This paper focuses on an algal association that was identified in several levels within the succession. Dasycladalean algae are more frequent, and are commonly found in grain-dominated fabrics (mostly grainstone textures), in association with orbitolinid foraminifera and bioclasts of corals, rudists and gastropods. However, a few species are present only in mud-dominated fabrics (i.e. lower-energy intervals). The dasycladalean association from the Upper Aptian deposits of P?durea Craiului is of special interest, for this group registered a dramatic decline at the Lower Aptian/Upper Aptian boundary, as confirmed by the relative scarcity of the Dasycladales in the Upper Aptian carbonate deposits.

We consider the ordinary differential equation $u'(t)=f(t,u(t))$, where $f:[a,b]imes Do mathbb{R}^n$ is a given function, while $D$ is an open subset in $mathbb{R}^n$. We prove that, if $Ksubset D$ is locally closed and there exists a comparison function $omega:[a,b]imesmathbb{R}_+o mathbb{R}$ such that $$ liminf_{hdownarrow 0}frac{1}{h}ig[d(xi+hf(t,xi);K)-d(xi;K)ig] leqomega(t,d(xi;K)) $$ for each $(t,xi)in [a,b]imes D$, then $K$ is locally invariant with respect to $f$. We show further that, under some natural extra condition, the converse statement is also true.

The paper deals with rotor-field-oriented vector control structures for the induction motor drives fed by the so-called tandem frequency converter. It is composed of two different types of DC-link converters connected in parallel arrangement. The larger-power one has current-source character and is operating synchronized in time and in amplitude with the stator currents. The other one has voltage-source character and it is the actuator of the motor control system. The drive is able to run also with partial-failed tandem converter, if the control strategy corresponds to the actual operating mode. A reconfigurable hardware implemented in configurable logic cells ensures the changing of the vector-control structure. The proposed control schemes were tested by simulation based on Matlab-Simulink model.

A Middle-Aptian (zone of Palorbitolina lenticularis) „patch reef“ of about 40 m maximum thickness with marked morphology was analyzed at the Sabotin Mountain near Nova Gorica. It is developed above an basal unit of superficial oolites within lagoonal sediments and is overlain by shallow subtidal to intertidal sediments which reveal short time periodically subaerial exposure and early diagenetic freshwater influxes (birds eyes, vadose silt, characeans). Above these sediments within the zone of Salpingoporella dinarica finebedded to platy, laminated bituminous limestones occur.The central part of the reef structure reveals an alternation of individual lenses of Lithocodium-boundstones and of rudist-beds (up to 4 m thickness) which are separated by coarse- to medium-grained, moderately to poorly sorted bioclastic sands. These faciestypes show also lateral interfingering and are concentrated in the central part of the buildup where the greatest thickness can be observed and where packstones, grainstones and boundstones prevail. The neighbouring lagoonal sediments which consist of mudstonesand wackestones predominantly were analyzed in the so-called Sabotin-standardprofile which is located north of the patch reef at a lateral distance of about 300 m.Three vertical profiles (A = 90 m, B = 100 m, C = 64 m thickness) were analyzed. The middle profile B of greatest thickness is taken as reference profile and documents best the vertical facies development within the patch reef directly overlying a basal unit of peloidal packstones with superficial ooids. The patch reef itself is characterized by the faunal associations within the unit rich in Lithocodium and rudists. It is overlain by a subtidal unit of peloidal mudstones with very minor biogenic allochems. An intertidal unit above rich in birds-eyes and vadose silt is followed by fine-laminated black shales which are covering the general seqeunce of interfingering patch-reef – lagoonal sediments.Using different time lines (marker horizons) for correlation it can be shown that already very early differential compaction of fine-grained uncemented sediments in comparison to the core area of the patch reef is of great importance.The greater thickness of the patch reef itself is caused by an intensive early diagenetic marine phreatic cementation within the core zone and by the early fixing of sediment by Lithocodium aggregatum (syn. Bacinella irregularis) resulting in a greater resistivity against compaction. Furthermore a lagoonal side and an more open marine side of the patch reef can be determined. Lithocodium aggregatum is the main constructing organism within the buildup investigated, beginning with the incrustation of varying substrates and biogenic particles. Finally, a dense network of encrustation-sequences is formed interfingering with the general sedimentary textures intensively and resulting in larger „biogeniccemented“ patches within the sediment.The correlation of the three profiles A, B, and C allows to reveal the history of differential compaction of the associated lagoonal sediments in comparison to the more massive patch reef limestones. It becomes obvious that the main compaction must have occurred within the time span of about 50 m sediment-deposition overlying the patch reef. Differential compaction resulted in differences in thickness of about 10 m from the patch reef (profile B) to the more lagoonal influenced sediments (profile A) within a lateral distance of about 50 m.

In this paper we prove an approximate controllability result for an abstract semilinear evolution equation in a Hilbert space and we obtain as consequences the approximate controllability for some classes of elliptic and parabolic problems subjected to nonlinear, possible non monotone, dynamic boundary conditions.

The new crustacean microcoprolite, Favreina carpatica ,is described from the Middle Jurassic of Rucăr-Bran zone, South Carpathians. It is the ichnospecies with the highest number (about 280) of longitudinally arranged canals pasing through the rod-shaped microcoprolite. Favreina carpatica was found in reddish to brown-carbonate sediments.

Aquaculture systems globally face significant environmental challenges, particularly concerning wastewater management. This review explores the innovative application of oxygenic photosynthetic microorganisms (OPhMs), specifically microalgae and cyanobacteria, as a sustainable solution for wastewater treatment within these systems. OPhMs offer a dual role in wastewater treatment by removing harmful pollutants such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and heavy metals, while simultaneously improving water quality through oxygenation. We evaluate the integration of OPhMs into existing aquaculture operations, considering key factors such as system design, operational conditions, and economic viability. Additionally, we discuss the potential of algal biomass as a secondary resource for producing biofuels, animal feed, and other bio-products, contributing to the circular economy model. Our findings highlight the ability of OPhM systems to significantly reduce the ecological footprint of aquaculture while recovering valuable resources. However, challenges such as process stability, especially under low-temperature conditions, and the efficiency of biomass harvesting, require further research. This study provides a comprehensive framework for future development and optimization of OPhM-based wastewater treatment systems to improve the sustainability of aquaculture operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]