Search

Copyright of Journal of Applied Business & Economics (JABE) is the property of Universitas Indraprasta PGRI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A significant portion of the work published on firm investment adapts models that operate on an "average firm" assumption, which is different from the investment behavior of a modal firm. This study employs a Bayesian quantile regression model to explore the investment rates in the United States and finds, first, that the firms with higher investment rates have a higher responsiveness to the valuation ratio and lower responsiveness to the profit rate, and, second, that there is a decline in the responsiveness of firm investment to these factors in recent years. The paper also emphasizes the role of autonomous investments in determining firm‐level investment rates, based on differing sectoral factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to study the standards of agricultural investment efficiency in Egypt, as well as estimate the economic growth function by studying the relationship between GDP and both government and private agricultural investment. This will be done using investment efficiency standards and standard measurement methods based on time series analysis, unit root tests, and cointegration tests. The causal relationship between agricultural GDP and both government and private agricultural investment will also be studied. The study results show that all study variables have shown a generally increasing and statistically significant trend. Unit root tests have shown that all standard model variables suffer from instability at their levels and first differences, while they stabilize at their second differences. The cointegration test has shown that there is more than one cointegrating vector at a 5% significance level, rejecting the null hypothesis and accepting the alternative hypothesis. This confirms the existence of a long-term equilibrium relationship between the variables in the model. The cointegration equation indicates the impact of each variable on agricultural GDP in the long term, showing that the impact of government agricultural investment is greater than the impact of private agricultural investment on agricultural GDP, with a coefficient of about 0.18 for government investment and 0.13 for private investment. Therefore, the combined effect of both government and private agricultural investment on agricultural GDP is considered weak and insufficient to achieve the desired economic growth.

The research aims to estimate the Efficiency of investments directed to the agricultural sector by analyzing the current situation of national and agricultural investment in Egypt (2006/2005 - 2020/2021) and measuring the investments made in Egypt over the study period. In order To achieve the objectives of the research, the most important criteria that reflect the efficiency of agricultural investment were estimated, as well as the use of descriptive and quantitative analysis methods to estimate simple and multiple regression relationships in the double logarithmic form of the research data issued various institutions and government agencies. The study's findings revealed that, on average, the public sector's return on investment was higher than 1, reached about 61,116 million UDS, whereas the private sector's was lower, at about 0.032 million USD, demonstrating the inefficiency of public sector investments in comparison to investments. In the agriculture sector, the private sector has grown along with the investment multiplier in both the public and private sectors .As for the coefficient of settlement, it was shown that the efficiency of agricultural investment directed to the public and private sector was weak, as it was shown by estimating the agricultural capital intensification coefficient, the intensity of the use of the human factor in the agricultural sector by a percentage greater than The percentage increase in investments directed to this sector.

• Economic structure is endogenized in a coupled climate and economic dynamics model. • Climate change causes heterogeneous damage across sectors. • Economic structure evolves to adapt climate change. • Trade-off between high carbon capital goods and low carbon consumer goods was found. • Investment rate is sensitive to climate policy, mitigation can become more effective. This paper endogenizes economic structure in Nordhaus's standard DICE model, and builds a dynamic intertemporal optimization model to determine long-term CO 2 mitigation policy. Two basic macroeconomic sectors that vary in carbon intensity and suffer different damage from climate change are incorporated: one producing consumer goods, and another producing capital goods. The model finds a bidirectional interaction between climate change and economic structure. Climate change is able to reverse structure transition by decreasing investment rate. Meanwhile, economic structure evolution affects the choice of policies for managing climate change. Compared to the standard DICE model, our results show that we are likely to face a more severe climate situation; therefore, deeper mitigation efforts are called for, which requires investing an average of 3.2% of GDP per year for 2 °C warming goal. Mitigation efforts can become more effective for the economy as economic structure evolves and evokes future investment response, which will be determined not only by the normal intertemporal trade-off between present-day and future consumption, but also by another trade-off between high and low carbon-intensive goods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the link between the tangible investment rate and apparent labour productivity in the European manufacturing industry. The research results show a negative and opposite relation between apparent labour productivity and investment rate, that is, changes in apparent labour productivity cause changes in investment in tangible assets but not vice versa. The findings do not show any significant differences among European countries when the relation between apparent labour productivity and investment rate is analysed. However, when analysing the gross investment in tangible goods, as well as in machinery and equipment, period effects are observed. A crisis and economic slowdown reduce investment in tangible capital. Meanwhile, the growth of the economy spurs more investment. The negative correlation between apparent labour productivity and investment rate indicates that investment in tangible assets is ineffective. An analysis on individual countries is required in order to reach more nuanced conclusions.

This work analyzes productivity and the hypothesis that capital flow does not influence investment in the Brazilian economy. To do so, we present a productivity equation conditioned on the rates of: investments, wage costs, and external demand. The relationship between productivity and investment and wage rates suggests a possible simultaneity, given the distributive nature of aggregate income between capital and labor. Therefore, estimators that treat endogeneity in two stages are used: the Two-Stage Least Squares (MQ2E) and the Generalized Least Moments (MMG), to increase the robustness of the results. We find that the investment rate explains productivity, but capital flow does not determine productive investment. In addition, Brazilian investment is more susceptible to the parameters of marginal capital efficiency, whose fall has affected Brazilian productivity since the 1980s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A reduction of the tax burden on corporate income in order to stimulate drivers of economic development has become the important issue of tax reform in many countries in recent decades. Tax competition forces national governments to take well-balanced solution on increasing outward and domestic investments as well as ensuring the fiscal capacity of the budget to cope with urgent socio-economic problems under enhancing fiscal risks. The purpose of the article is to assess the impact of tax reforms, addressing reducing the corporate income tax burden, on the fiscal space and investment processes in the EU countries and Ukraine, to establish directions of improvement of the tax system in Ukraine and other transition economies in order to spur the expansion of fiscal space. The research subject covers tax policy settings that shape fiscal space development. Research methodology. In accordance with the purpose of the article, the research methods are set as follows: abstract-logical; systemic analysis; analysis and synthesis; graphical method. Findings. By summing up theoretical ideas on the issue of feasibility of cutting corporate income tax, we have arrived at the conclusion that this measure has a significant impact on the improvement of tax competitiveness of the national economy. The gain from its application is confirmed by the best practices of many European countries. The results of the tax reform in Ukraine have proved that a traditional approach to the choice of tax issues – in contrast with developed economies – do not comply with theoretical provisions on increasing the competitiveness of the national economy and fostering investments. This is conditional on the specific tax effects in Ukraine due to the restriction of the key economic freedoms (investment, financial, property rights protection and judicial effectiveness) needed for successful entrepreneurship, as well as of a high rate of corruption, which increases the costs of business activity. Such effects include, in particular, a drop of tax revenues in the short and long term while reducing the level of corporate income taxation; a high level of tax evasion, capital outflow instead of expanding investment in the national economy. It is argued that the emphasis while carrying out tax reforms and expanding fiscal space in transition economies considering the specific effects of changing corporate income tax provisions, should be made on ensuring the long-term sustainability of public finances through measures of budget adjustments aimed at avoidance shifting the existing fiscal problems on future generations; harmonization of national tax legislation with the EU regulations and prevention of tax evasion; increasing the financial capacity of enterprises by introducing targeted innovation tax incentives, which will gain higher competitiveness of the country in the world markets and as a result facilitate the growth of the country’s future revenue receipts.

Copyright of Al Bashaer Economic Journal is the property of Al Bashaer Economic Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Perspectiva Econômica is the property of Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The impact on the development of the economy and enterprises themselves is made possible by investments as they are one of the main components of GDP. An increase in enterprise investments demonstrates the good financial condition of economic entities, is a positive signal about the state of the economy and gives information about its development. The subject of this article is the impact of enterprises on the economy and its importance in Poland by analysing both investment itself and the investment rate. The analysis was carried out at a regional level as well as in relation to other EU member states. The aim is to analyse the investment activities of Polish enterprises, with particular emphasis on the change as well as their size and type. The research is based on a critical analysis of the literature and an analysis of secondary statistical data, covering the period from the first full EU program from 2007, and extended in accordance with the n+2 funding rule until 2015. The analyses show that despite growing investment among Polish enterprises, compared to the rest of the EU, the value of expenditure on fixed assets is still low as the average value made in the private sector among EU countries is 70% higher. At the same time, the growing level of investment value among private businesses over the nine years should be emphasized. There is also a very large regional variation in the level of investment growth per working-age capita over the period considered.

I document the investment decline of Chinese manufacturing firms after 2011, following the end of the 4 trillion fiscal stimulus program and expansionary monetary policies for combating the 2008–2009 financial crisis. I employ a difference-in-difference strategy to show that state-owned enterprises (SOEs) acted as investment stabilizers. In the post-crisis era, SOEs' investment rates fell less compared to their private counterparts. Moreover, they had a smaller chance of exiting the market than private firms. In the face of monetary tightening, SOEs enjoyed a much smaller increase in the interest rates of their long-term debts. Although these may fuel the growth of the SOE sector relative to the private sector, and thus raised concerns for capital misallocation, the adverse effect on reallocation was dampened by shadow banking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Properly selected strategic benchmarks and target indicators of development, as well as the corresponding marketing strategy of the company will successfully affect its financial standing and profit. PIMS model (Profit Impact on Marketing Strategy) is a prototype of target analysis of company factors. The article describes the development of PIMS model, which includes indentifying factors affecting growth (or stabilization) of profit and related to marketing activity. The classic PIMS model embraces analysis of qualitative and quantitative information about the growth in company market share which can influence the indicators of investment efficiency. The author's research shows that traditional marketing mix that is taken into account PIMS methodology could and should be extended at the expense of factors describing customer loyalty.

This paper hypothesises that the saving rate and technological progress are interdependently determined by a common exogenous source, so that an exogenous shock to the saving rate determines long-run growth transitions. In an open-economy setting, the saving rate measures the quality of investment-led policies. The evidence shows that the down-break across South Africa's 'faster-growing' regime (1952-1976) and 'slower-growing' regime (1977-2003) was caused by a negative shock to the saving rate that simultaneously led to a slowdown in the growth rate of technology via a structural decrease in the learning-by-doing parameter. The down-break results suggest that the saving rate is potentially an important policy variable to engineer a sustainable up-break. To assess this prediction with real data, the analysis looks at what happened in the post-2003 period (2004-2012). The results show that the up-break in the fixed investment rate was not matched by the saving rate, which implies that capital investment did not generate a faster rate of technological progress. The stylised facts suggest that a sustained increase in the total investment rate, which not only includes infrastructure investment, but also machinery and equipment investment and complementary foreign direct investment, may be an effective investment-led strategy to raise the economy's growth rate on a sustainable basis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the effects of the regional distribution of the banking system on investment rates in Brazil. The investigation relies on a perspective whereby the role of external funds in inducing firms’ investment is determined by the disparate regional distribution of the banking system. Empirical results from a panel-data multilevel model indicate that the regional concentration and centralization of the banking system are relevant for firms’ investment choices. More importantly, the fitness of the multilevel model indicates the need to consider that investment rates vary according to a regional hierarchical banking structure (centre versus periphery). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China has one of the highest investment rates in the world, and in 1994, China introduced a new fiscal system. The current study utilizes provincial panel data from the period of 1995-2010 to provide a consistent underlying fiscal regime. The estimation results show that expenditure decentralization has a significant, positive effect on the physical capital investment rate in both least squares dummy variables (LSDV) and system GMM (Generalized method of moments) estimations. In contrast, revenue decentralization has a negative effect on the investment rate. One possible explanation is that China's political centralization has been maintained during its economic decentralization. Since the provincial officials are not elected by local constituents but are rather appointed by the central government, it is rational for provincial officials to raise investment rates to meet the cadre promotion criteria of the central government, be it growth performance, as argued by Blanchard and Shleifer (2001) or revenue collection, identified by Shih et al. (2012). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]