Search

Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References, Learning objectives: This is to present several MRI cases of gynaecological pathologies in the fetus. Ultrasound remains the mainstay of fetal diagnosis but MRI plays an important and growing role in both pre- and postnatal...

Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References, Purpose: Human placenta is an important interface that allows for the exchange of nutrients, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and waste between the mother and the fetus. The development of the placenta requires the invasion of maternal spiral arteries by...

Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References, Purpose: The mean uterine artery pulse index (meanUAPI) was measured by transvaginal ultrasonography at 8 to 11 weeks of gestation. To evaluate the potential value of meanUAPI in predicting adverse pregnancy...

Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References, Purpose: 1. Understand the basic pathology behind Placenta Accreta Spectrum and the importance of accurate pre-natal diagnosis to guide optimal management. 2. Appreciate typical sonographic imaging features and descriptors that point towards a diagnosis of...

Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References, Learning objectives: To illustrate the appearance of the main congenital pulmonary malformations (CPM) at prenatal magnetic resonance imaging...

Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References, Learning objectives: To learn MRI clues in diverse genetic or metabolic conditions that can affect fetuses or neonates. To identify the neuroimaging phenotype, narrow differential diagnosis, and tailor subsequent...

Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References, Purpose: Migraine is a common disabling primary headache disorder with high prevalence. We tried to evaluate the neuro-imaging findings in patients with migraine on conventional and on advanced MRI sequences. Use of advanced MRI sequences along with...

Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References, Learning objectives: To describe imaging findings of the most common fetal thoracic anomalies on ultrasound, MR and CT imaging, as well as signs of fetal distress. To discuss the advantages of each technique. To present the most common therapeutic...

Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References, Learning objectives: To learn about the diagnosis of retained products of conception, clinical presentation, and complications. To underline the main imaging modalities and the key radiographic findings to establish the diagnosis. To describe different treatment options...

Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References, Purpose: Placenta plays a vital role for fetal growth and development during pregnancy. Major pregnancy complications, such as fetal growth restriction, preeclampsia, and preterm birth, have been linked with placental dysfunction [1-3]. However, current...

Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References, Purpose: Myelomeningocele (MMC) represents the most frequent neural tube defect (NTDs), which remain a global public health challenge. Chiari malformation Type II is present in almost every fetus with MMC, most likely caused by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)...

Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References, Learning objectives: To emphasize the role of chemical shift MRI in different pelvic MRI protocols. To understand the need of chemical shift images. To gain maximum from the four obtained images during the...

Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References, Purpose: Ultrasound (US) is the first line imaging modality for identifying fetal renal abnormalities, but fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can provide greater anatomical detail. Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is thought to indicate in-utero organ...

Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References, Learning objectives: To discuss the role of ultrasound in evaluating normal development of the gestational sac and embryo during early pregnancy. To elaborate on the most common causes of vaginal bleeding during pregnancy. To describe the ultrasound appearances of...

Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References, Purpose: The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a plethora of acute and long-term diseases not only but especially of the respiratory system, with lung health remaining an important focus. Since the outbreak in 2019, the virus has mutated rapidly, generating...

Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References, Purpose: To understand the importance of the role of a radiologist in diagnosis and management of cesarean scar ectopic pregnancy. To evaluate the imaging findings on ultrasound to determine appropriate treatment in cesarean scar ectopic pregnancy. To...

O objetivo do estudo foi conhecer a vivência de mães desde o diagnóstico pré-natal da fissura labiopalatina, até o nascimento de seus filhos. Com base em uma abordagem qualitativa, foram entrevistadas nove mães de bebês que tiveram o diagnóstico de fissura labiopalatina ao se submeterem à ultrassonografia como parte dos exames de rotina para acompanhamento do desenvolvimento do feto. Os dados foram analisados de acordo com a Análise de Conteúdo, o que permitiu a identificação de quatro eixos temáticos: recebendo o diagnóstico; vivência do período pré-natal; vivência na maternidade; e a importância do diagnóstico pré-natal. Foi possível identificar o papel fundamental dos profissionais de saúde nas contingências de maior impacto: momento do diagnóstico, consultas pré-natais, busca por centro especializado e maternidade. As mães revelaram que o diagnóstico intrauterino foi importante e que as condutas dos profissionais são determinantes nessa trajetória, para garantir o acesso aos benefícios da descoberta precoce.

Congenital heart defects today, despite the early intrauterine diagnosis, are still quite common, and their danger to the patient's health is significant. The article discusses the features and modern approaches to the provision of cardiac surgical care for this congenital disease. The author comes to the conclusion that modern cardiac surgery technologies, rooted in the distant 50s of the twentieth century, allow us to conclude that at the present stage, surgical intervention in case of congenital heart defects has advanced far. Despite the challenges in this area, cardiac surgeons continue to make progress in reducing the mortality and multiple comorbidities of patients with congenital heart defects.

Overview Objective: The aim of this review article is to provide a practical and concise overview of dia­gnosis and management of pregnancy with fetal lower urinary tract obstruction. Methods: Review of literature and current studies. Conclusion: Proper dia­gnosis and management of isolated fetal lower urinary tract obstruction with oligohydramnios allows appropriate implementation of intrauterine treatment in indicated cases. The treatment is a prevention of pulmonary hypoplasia and also improves renal function; this finally contributes to the improvement of overall perinatal morbidity and mortality. Keywords: fetal lower urinary tract obstruction – posterior urethral valve – vesicoamniotic shunting – fetal cystoscopy

Objective: We aimed to present the procedure of intrauterine percutaneous fetoscopic laser valve ablation performed on a fetus diagnosed with lower urinary tract obstruction. Case(s): Bilateral hydroureteronephrosis, dilated bladder and oligo/ anhydramnios were found in the fetal ultrasonography examination of a 21-year-old pregnant woman who did not have regular follow-ups, and the lower urinary tract obstruction consistent with the posterior urethral valve was considered in the case. The patient who was found to have poor prognosis as a result of vesico synthesis carried out consecutively was informed about the follow-up and treatment options, and the posterior urethral valve ablation was performed by the percutaneous fetoscopic laser on 27 weeks of gestation. The amniotic fluid was at normal levels after the procedure, and the labor was carried out at term. The newborn with elevated postpartum creatinine was diagnosed with stage 2 renal failure, but dialysis was not required during the follow-ups. The newborn was discharged for outpatient follow-up upon the reduced creatinine levels. Conclusion: By taking the survival enhancing effect of the intrauterine intervention into account in the presence of lower urinary tract obstruction, we considered that intrauterine intervention can be an option in the cases who prefer to continue their pregnancies. The families should be informed in detail about the benefits and risks of intrauterine intervention to repair the obstruction.

Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References, Learning objectives: To understand the imaging features of congenital zika infection to assist early detection and offer appropriate counselling to parents. Identify the key distinguishing features from other vertically transmitted diseases and chromosomal...

Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References, Purpose: There has been much controversy over the baseline values for FHR [1-7]. Gibb and Arulkumaran [2] and Spencer [3] proposed that the baseline FHR range should lie between 110 and 150 beats per minute (bpm) and emphasized the possibility of serious...

Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References, Learning objectives: The purpose is to review the diagnostic criteria for Mullerian anomalies, discuss the classification systems and emphasize themost relevantfindingsfor surgical/hysteroscopic...

Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References, Purpose: Ompahlocele is a midline anterior ody wall defect , associated with underlying chromosomal abnormalities in 50- 70 % of the cases, so prenatal diagnosis holds unique importance for reduction of the post natal morbidity . The sac is covered (inside...

Clinical History: A 27-year-oldmultigravida with history of seven months of amenorrhoea with no previous imaging was referred to our department for antenatal ultrasound examination. There is past history of non-consanguineous marriage and previous death of first male child., 27 years, female

Aim: Congenital atrioventricular block (CAVB) is an immunological condition, secondary to the transfer of maternal Ig G antibodies from seropositive mothers. Although the presence of these antibodies is high among pregnant women, the preva- lence of this fetal pathology is low. The aim of this paper is to analyze a series of cases with intrauterine diagnosis of CAVB and to present their follow-up protocol. Material and method: In the period between 2013-2020, five fetuses were diagnosed and followed up in the Pediatric Cardiology Clinic. In each of the cases, assessment of the hemodynamic status was done by calculation of the fetal cardiovascular profile score (CVPS). In the last cases the follow-up protocol was supplemented with longitudinal speckle tracking evaluation of the ventricular function. Results: In the present series, intrauterine death occurred in one case; in another case resumption of atrioventricular conduction was observed. Epicardial pacemaker implantation was required in three of the patients. Conclusion: Completing the evaluation of ventricular function with the longitudinal speckle tracking method in fetuses and newborn patients with congenital atrioventricular block may play an important role in establish - ing therapeutic behavior.

Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References, Learning objectives: Highlight the ultrasound findings of cloacal exstrophy (OEIS Complex) including the major and minor criteria. Outline the common and uncommon associated anomalies and how do they look in ultrasound. Knowing how to differentiate cloacal exstrophy...

Resumo Para avaliar a conduta de neonatologistas em casos de malformação incompatível com a vida, do diagnóstico intrauterino ao parto, e a instituição de cuidados paliativos e/ou curativo/restaurativos ao nascimento, com ou sem o conhecimento prévio dos médicos e/ou pais sobre a inviabilidade fetal, realizou-se pesquisa qualitativa em maternidade brasileira. A partir de entrevista semiestruturada e análise de conteúdo, observou-se que a maioria dos profissionais não adota manobras de ressuscitação cardiopulmonar quando a situação já está esclarecida aos pais; que o critério para cuidados paliativos está vinculado ao diagnóstico de certeza da síndrome, mediante a informação da família; que o conhecimento dos pais sobre a doença pode influenciar a tomada de decisão; e que o estabelecimento de cuidados paliativos, no caso de apenas o médico saber da inviabilidade fetal, inclui na maioria dos casos a devida informação aos pais. Abstract To evaluate the behavior of neonatologists in cases of malformation incompatible with life, from intrauterine diagnosis to delivery, and the use of palliative or curative-restorative care at birth, with or without the prior awareness of physicians or parents on fetal infeasibility, we carried out a qualitative research in a Brazilian maternity hospital. From semi-structured interviews and content analysis, we observed that most professionals do not adopt cardiopulmonary resuscitation techniques when the situation is already clear to the parents; that the criteria for palliative care are linked to the confirmation of the syndrome diagnosis, through information to the family; that the parents’ awareness about the disease can influence decision making; and that the establishment of palliative care, if only the physician knows about the fetal infeasibility, in most cases includes due information to parents. Resumen Con el fin de evaluar la conducta de los neonatólogos en casos de malformaciones incompatibles con la vida, desde el diagnóstico intrauterino hasta el parto, y la institución de cuidados paliativos y/o curativos/restaurativos al nacimiento, con o sin el conocimiento previo de los médicos y/o padres sobre la inviabilidad fetal, se llevó a cabo esta investigación cualitativa en una maternidad brasileña. A partir de una entrevista semiestructurada y análisis de contenido, se observó que la mayoría de los profesionales no adoptan maniobras de reanimación cardiopulmonar cuando la situación ya es clara para los padres; que el criterio de cuidados paliativos está vinculado al diagnóstico de certeza del síndrome, a través de la información familiar; que el conocimiento de los padres sobre la enfermedad puede influir en la toma de decisiones; y que el establecimiento de cuidados paliativos, en el caso de que solo el médico sepa sobre la inviabilidad fetal, incluye en la mayoría de los casos la debida información a los padres.

Clinical History: A 25-year-oldprimigravida patient with complaints of 5 month amenorrhea was referred to our centre for antenatal ultrasound examination to rule out Twin pregnancy as uterine fundal height was more than the expected gestational age of 20 weeks., 25 years, female

Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References, Learning objectives: Spectrum of cases were studied in the fetus of first trimester determining the anatomical details of various systems of fetus. Ultrasonography (US) is performed during early pregnancy for dating, determination of the number of fetuses, assessment of...

Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References, Learning objectives: -To review current recommendations in the monitoring and management of monochorionic pregnancies -To review complications unique to monochorionic gestation and their recommended...

Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References, Learning objectives: The learning objectives of this study included; To assess if the Ordinary Diploma in Ultrasound class-size increment affects the students’ ultrasound-skills performance. To describe the methods for teaching ultrasound skills to medium and large...

Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References, Learning objectives: To know the clinical and imaging features of hypertension during the pregnancy. To acknowledge the role of ultrasound in the diagnosis of hypertension complications in...

Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References, Purpose: Congenital anomalies, especially the major ones are common causes of perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide [1-2]. The March of Dimes estimated 7.4 million infants are born each year with a major birth defect, of which 94% occur in middle and...

Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References, Learning objectives: Pictorial Essay of fetal abdominal abnormalities detected in second trimester scans - opening the Pandora's box in...

Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References, Purpose: Structured reporting is one of the emerging aspects of radiology contributing to the improvement of patient outcomes and improving the communication between the clinician and the radiologist. It also ensures that the report addresses all the...

Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References, Learning objectives: We illustrate the ancillary imaging findings encountered in pregnant trauma patients and guidance to approach the pathologies with confidence thus allowing accurate management. This educational exhibit aims to familiarise readers with review on the...

Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References, Purpose: The potential benefits of correct ultrasound gestational age dating in the first trimester include (1) : The improvement in the performance of the chromosomal abnormality test Reduce the number of premature pregnancies Avoid post-term pregnancies...

Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References, Learning objectives: To explain the MRI techniques and importance of ultra-fast MRI sequences in pregnancy. To specify the main applications of obstetric MRI. To describe some of the newest applications of obstetric...

Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References, Purpose: To compare the findings of brain prenatal MRI with the imaging findings obtained in the postnatal...

Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References, Learning objectives: 1. To review the aetiology, epidemiology and clinical presentation of mullerian anomalies. 2. To demonstrate the different pathological appearances on ultrasound, MRI and...