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Obscure gastrointestinal bleed (OGIB) is defined as bleeding of unknown origin that persists or recurs after a negative initial or primary endoscopy (colonoscopy and upper gastrointestinal [GI] endoscopy) and imaging. Approximately 5% of all GI bleeding is obscure GI bleed. Abnormal blood vessels arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) cause 30%–40% of small intestinal bleeds. AVMs are the main source of bleeding in patients over the age of 50 years. Tumors (benign and malignant), polyps, Crohn’s disease, and ulcers are some of the other causes of bleeding. Various diagnostic modalities available to detect small intestinal bleed are upper GI endoscopy, colonoscopy, contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan of the abdomen with angiogram, small bowel enteroscopy, video capsule endoscopy, and scintigraphy studies. Advanced imaging/diagnostic modalities may not be available in all centers, posing a great challenge in the localization of the source of GI bleed. This series highlights the role of diagnostic laparoscopy with intraoperative enteroscope (IOE) in the management of OGIB.

Key Clinical Message: Diverticular bleeding is the most common cause of lower gastrointestinal bleeding and accounts for 20.8%–41.6% of cases in the Western world. Management involves initial resuscitation followed by diagnostic assessment. Colonoscopy is the investigation of choice as it localizes the bleed and has the potential to effectively deliver therapeutic interventions. Other diagnostic modalities include flexible sigmoidoscopy, a tagged red blood cell scan, or angiography. In cases where the bleeding source cannot be identified, intraoperative enteroscopy has emerged as a valuable tool for investigating obscure gastroenterology bleeds in specific patients. In this case report, we describe the management of a 77‐year‐old male with recently diagnosed pan‐colonic diverticulosis who presented with multiple episodes of rectal bleeding and syncope. Due to his declining hemodynamic status and failed endoscopy and embolization, he was taken to surgery for a colectomy. Intraoperative colonoscopy was utilized to facilitate accurate identification of the pathology, assessment of anastomotic patency, and detection of surgical complications. This case report attempts to portray how the incorporation of endo‐videoscopy into surgical planning has the potential to enhance patient outcomes and represent a significant advancement in the field of minimally invasive surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Clinical Message Diverticular bleeding is the most common cause of lower gastrointestinal bleeding and accounts for 20.8%–41.6% of cases in the Western world. Management involves initial resuscitation followed by diagnostic assessment. Colonoscopy is the investigation of choice as it localizes the bleed and has the potential to effectively deliver therapeutic interventions. Other diagnostic modalities include flexible sigmoidoscopy, a tagged red blood cell scan, or angiography. In cases where the bleeding source cannot be identified, intraoperative enteroscopy has emerged as a valuable tool for investigating obscure gastroenterology bleeds in specific patients. In this case report, we describe the management of a 77‐year‐old male with recently diagnosed pan‐colonic diverticulosis who presented with multiple episodes of rectal bleeding and syncope. Due to his declining hemodynamic status and failed endoscopy and embolization, he was taken to surgery for a colectomy. Intraoperative colonoscopy was utilized to facilitate accurate identification of the pathology, assessment of anastomotic patency, and detection of surgical complications. This case report attempts to portray how the incorporation of endo‐videoscopy into surgical planning has the potential to enhance patient outcomes and represent a significant advancement in the field of minimally invasive surgery.

• Hemorrhage of undetermined origin is defined as a hemorrhage of intestinal origin for which no cause has been identified after esogastroduodenal endoscopy and total colonoscopy. • If there is no suspicion of intestinal obstruction, capsule endoscopy is the first-line examination. • CT-enteroclysis is performed as a first-line diagnostic study if an associated intestinal obstruction is suspected. • Enteroscopy is offered as a second-line treatment if the bleeding has been localized and is accessible to endoscopic treatment. Gastrointestinal bleeding of undetermined origin (GBUO) is defined as gastrointestinal bleeding without an identified cause or location despite an endoscopic assessment including an esogastroduodenal endoscopy (EOGD) and a total colonoscopy. A distinction is made between exteriorized GBUO and non-exteriorized occult GBUO. The causes in the majority of cases (vascular, inflammatory and tumoral) are located in the small intestine. The diagnostic strategy aiming to locate the origin of the GBUO is a real challenge. Innovation in endoscopic and imaging techniques has enabled minimally invasive exploration of the small intestine. In Europe, there is a strong consensus to recommend a video-capsule endoscopy (VCE) as the first-intention study. If there is reason to suspect intestinal obstruction, VCE is contraindicated and a CT-enteroscopy is then performed as first intention. Enteroscopy is performed as a second-line treatment, either for therapeutic purposes after a positive VCE or CT-enteroclysis, or for diagnostic purposes after a negative VCE. Finally, intraoperative enteroscopy (IOE) coupled with surgical exploration should be reserved either for therapeutic purposes in the event of impossibility or failure of preoperative enteroscopy, or for diagnostic purposes in the event of recurrent GBUO after failure of all other studies and explorations of the small intestine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundTo evaluate roles of intraoperative endoscopy (IOE) in management of severe obscure GI bleeding (OGIB) before vs. after introduction of video capsule endoscopy (VCE) and deep enteroscopy (DE).MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed prospectively collected data of patients undergoing IOE for severe OGIB in a tertiary referral center.Results52 patients had laparotomy/IOE for OGIB, 11 pre and 41 post VCE/DE eras. In the pre VCE/DE era, 36.4% (4/11) had preoperative presumptive diagnoses while in the post VCE/DE era presumptive diagnoses were made in 48.8% (20/41) (p = 0.18). Preoperative evaluation led to correct diagnoses in 18.2% (2/11) in the pre and 51.2% (21/41) in the post VCE/DE era (p = 0.09). Vascular lesions and ulcers were the most common diagnoses, but rebleeding was common. No rebleeding was found among patients with tumors, Meckel's diverticulum, and aortoenteric fistula.ConclusionsPresumptive diagnoses in the post VCE/DE era were usually accurate. If VCE or DE are negative, the probability of negative IOE is high. Patients with tumors and Meckel's diverticulum were the best candidates for IOE.

Coats plus syndrome (CPS) is an exceedingly rare genetic disorder associated with premature telomere shortening. The syndrome, also known as cerebroretinal microangiopathy with calcifications and cysts, has a multisystemic manifestation. It may present as brain abnormalities, seizures, osteopenia, prenatal and postnatal growth deficiency, and portal hypertension, among others. Up to 40% of affected individuals manifest recurrent gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding which can be life-threatening in some cases. Treatment for GI bleeding is not standardized and is therefore individualized based on the patient's clinical status, comorbidities, and resource availability. We herein present a case of a 20-year-old female with CPS and a two-year history of severe recurrent GI bleeding unable to be identified by conventional endoscopy. This report highlights successful laparoscopic assisted enteroscopy with enterectomy as a novel diagnostic and therapeutic modality in this population., Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Serpa-Irizarry et al.)

PeutzJegher's syndrome (PJS) is a rare, autosomal dominant disease, characterized by gastrointestinal (GI) polyps and perioral hyperpigmentation along with the increased risk of certain malignancies. In children, the most common presentation is recurrent intussusception due to polyps. These polyps can involve any part of the GI tract and can present with a variety of clinical presentations. Usually, these polyps can be removed endoscopically but often require surgical excision also. In this report, we discuss two children of PJS with uncommon presentations, one presented with retrograde intussusception and another with gastric outlet obstruction. The first child underwent laparoscopy and another required open surgery with intraoperative enteroscopy.

Background and Aim: With the advent of video capsule endoscopy (VCE) and device‐assisted enteroscopy (DAE), the indication of intraoperative enteroscopy (IOE) has become limited due to reported high morbidity/mortality. Most of the earlier studies on IOE were small/from pre‐VCE/DAE era. We aimed to evaluate the impact of IOE in management of small bowel disorders (SBD) in post‐VCE/DAE era. Methods: Patients with SBD undergoing IOE over last 15 years were evaluated retrospectively. Overall diagnostic/therapeutic yield, incremental diagnostic yield over preoperative investigations, and adverse events were noted. We also evaluated the number of cases in which IOE changed the management or guided surgical or endoscopic therapy. Rebleeding and recurrence were evaluated in patients with available follow‐up data. Results: A total of 89 patients (59 male, 9–82 years) were included in the study. Overall diagnostic and therapeutic yield were 92.1% and 85.4%, respectively. Common findings of IOE were benign ulcers/strictures (30.1%), vascular lesions (26%), diverticula (15.1%), and tumors (13.7%). A total of 49.4% (44/89), 36% (32/89), and 20.2% (18/89) underwent VCE, DAE, or both, respectively, before IOE. Incremental diagnostic yield over preoperative work‐up was 31.5% (28/89), and IOE changed the management in 37.1% (33/89) patients. IOE was used to guide surgery/endotherapy in 39.3% (35/89) patients. Recurrent gastrointestinal bleed occurred in 21.2% (14/66) patients. Morbidity and mortality rates were 20.2% (18/89) and 3.4% (3/89), respectively. Conclusions: Intraoperative enteroscopy remains an essential technique to evaluate SBD and can detect new and additional lesions even after extensive preoperative evaluation. IOE is useful in guiding therapy in preoperatively identified lesions and can change management in a substantial proportion of patients. Hence, IOE has a definitive role in post‐VCE/DAE era in carefully selected patients with SBD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Obscure gastrointestinal bleed accounts for 5% of all cases of gastrointestinal bleed and to date remains a diagnostic challenge to the surgeon. There are newer diagnostic modalities available to diagnose the cause for bleed. The accuracy of these tests range from 40 to 80% and major limitations include cost, availability, and the need for a specialist to carry out these tests. On-table intraoperative enteroscopy is an easily available diagnostic modality which can be performed by general surgeons themselves with accuracy rates either comparable with or better than the newer diagnostic modalities. In this study, we present three cases of obscure gastrointestinal bleed where the cause was diagnosed with on-table enteroscopy. Three middle-aged patients presented to us with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding. The cause of bleeding was localized with on-table intraoperative enteroscopy. Following appropriate surgical management, patients recovered well and have had no recurrent episodes of bleed so far. Obscure gastrointestinal bleed is a difficult clinical problem. While many types of investigations are available to localize the site of bleed, they have the limitations of cost and availability. Intraoperative enteroscopy is a useful, easily performed, and generally available facility. Its morbidity has to be weighed against its considerable advantages. We believe that it deserves to be used more often than it is being used presently, as a diagnostic tool for obscure gastrointestinal bleeds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Small bowel bleeding can be overt or occult. Despite advances in imaging and endoscopy, the diagnosis and treatment of small bowel bleeding remain challenging due to its length and location. Diagnostic procedures such as push enteroscopy, capsule endoscopy and intraoperative enteroscopy are recommended to identify the source of bleeding. A 33-year-old female with no prior history of bleeding diathesis presented with massive lower GI bleeding. Although she was in hypovolemic shock from bleeding, physical exam, splanchnic angiography and colonoscopy were unable to localize the source of bleeding. The patient continued to bleed and deteriorate despite transfusions. Exploratory laparotomy was done but localizing the source with manual palpation of small bowel was difficult. Intraoperative enteroscopy was done and showed a 2 by 1 cm ulcerative lesion at mid jejunum. Part of jejunum containing the ulcer was resected and anastomosis done. The patient did well postoperatively and on follow up. A bleeding primary jejunal ulcer is rare clinical scenario difficult to diagnose. Intraoperative enteroscopy is useful in cases where initial diagnostic workups are inconclusive. It can be performed using various types of endoscopes, such as a standard or pediatric colonoscope, push enteroscope, or a sonde enteroscope, during laparotomy. Primary jejunal ulcer is a rare cause of massive lower GI bleeding. Although minimally invasive deep endoscopic techniques to diagnose small bowel ulcers are evolving, intraoperative enteroscopy remains to be technically easy and helpful tool to make a diagnosis and guide intervention especially in a patient undergoing laparotomy for bleeding small bowel ulcer. • Primary jejunal ulcer with massive lower GI bleeding is a rare scenario • The diagnosis and treatment of small bowel bleeding remain challenging. • Intraoperative enteroscopy plays major role in diagnosis and guiding therapy for small bowel bleeds • If a diagnosis of primary jejunal ulcer is made, segmental resection of small bowel with anastomosis should be performed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PeutzJegher's syndrome (PJS) is a rare, autosomal dominant disease, characterized by gastrointestinal (GI) polyps and perioral hyperpigmentation along with the increased risk of certain malignancies. In children, the most common presentation is recurrent intussusception due to polyps. These polyps can involve any part of the GI tract and can present with a variety of clinical presentations. Usually, these polyps can be removed endoscopically but often require surgical excision also. In this report, we discuss two children of PJS with uncommon presentations, one presented with retrograde intussusception and another with gastric outlet obstruction. The first child underwent laparoscopy and another required open surgery with intraoperative enteroscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bleedings from small intestine account for 5% of all gastrointestinal bleeding. With advanced endoscopic tools, such as video capsule endoscopy and deep enteroscopy, accurate diagnosis and treatment is possible in majority of cases with low mortality and morbidity. Nonoperative management includes endoscopic hemostasis and angiographic embolization. Recurrence after initial treatment is relatively common. Surgery is reserved for the cases that are refractory to endoscopic or angiographic treatment, bleeding from tumor or mass lesions, or hemodynamic instability. At the time of surgical exploration, unless the lesion has been marked by endoscopic tattoo or clip, intraoperative enteroscopy is often necessary to localize the lesion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Detection of small bowel (SB) bleeding remains a challenge to gastroenterologists, with a dearth of standardized recommendations regarding evaluation and management. Areas covered: A recursive literature search was performed using PubMed, Cochrane and Medline databases for original and review articles on SB and obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (OGIB). Based upon the available literature, this review outlines the main challenges and controversies, and provides a practical and cost-effective approach towards SB bleeding. Expert commentary: SB bleeding is suspected in patients with persistent or recurrent bleeding after negative bidirectional endoscopy, and unexplained iron deficiency anemia. Selection of test(s) should be individualized based upon patient presentation and suspicion for type of underlying lesion. Endoscopic or radiologic evaluation and treatment is the mainstay in the majority of patients, while pharmacologic agents may have a role in patients with refractory bleeding, and those unable to undergo evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Background: in 21st century, endoscopic study of the small intestine has undergone a revolution with capsule endoscopy and balloon-assisted enteroscopy. The difficulties and morbidity associated with intraoperative enteroscopy, the gold-standard in the 20th century, made this technique to be relegated to a second level. Aims: evaluate the actual role and assess the diagnostic and therapeutic value of intraoperative enteroscopy in patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding. Patients and methods: we conducted a retrospective study of 19 patients (11 males; mean age: 66.5 ± 15.3 years) submitted to 21 IOE procedures for obscure GI bleeding. Capsule endoscopy and double balloon enteroscopy had been performed in 10 and 5 patients, respectively. Results: with intraoperative enteroscopy a small bowel bleeding lesion was identified in 79% of patients and a gastrointestinal bleed-ing lesion in 94%. Small bowel findings included: angiodysplasia (n = 6), ulcers (n = 4), small bowel Dieulafoy's lesion (n = 2), bleed-ing from anastomotic vessels (n = 1), multiple cavernous hemangiomas (n = 1) and bleeding ectopic jejunal varices (n = 1). Agreement between capsule endoscopy and intraoperative enteroscopy was 70%. Endoscopic and/or surgical treatment was used in 77.8% of the patients with a positive finding on intraoperative enteroscopy, with a rebleeding rate of 21.4% in a mean 21-month follow-up period. Procedure-related mortality and postoperative complications have been 5 and 21%, respectively. Conclusions: intraoperative enteroscopy remains a valuable tool in selected patients with obscure GI bleeding, achieving a high diagnostic yield and allowing an endoscopic and/or surgical treatment in most of them. However, as an invasive procedure with relevant mortality and morbidity, a precise indication for its use is indispensable.

Gastrointestinal endoscopy provides detailed information for diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and disease monitoring and delivers therapy for inflammatory bowel disease. Inflammatory bowel diseases are associated with complications such as strictures, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, fistula, perforation, and abscesses. Endoscopic intervention is a valid therapeutic modality for intestinal strictures and other morbidities. The multisegmental involvement of Crohn's disease, surgically altered bowel anatomy, and the postoperative extensive adhesions have made conventional diagnostic and therapeutic enteroscopy difficult. Intraoperative enteroscopy offers a feasible option for diagnosis and therapy. We report intraoperative enteroscopy in the management of small intestinal strictures and other intestinal morbidities., Competing Interests: Disclosure None., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Abstract: Obscure gastrointestinal bleeding has long been a diagnostic challenge because of the relative inaccessibility of small bowel to standard endoscopic evaluation. Intraoperative enteroscopy indications have been reduced by the development of deep enteroscopy techniques and video capsule endoscopy. In light of the current advances, this review aimed at evaluating the intraoperative enteroscopy technical aspects, study results and an ongoing role for intraoperative enteroscopy in obscure gastrointestinal bleeding management. Intraoperative enteroscopy allows complete small bowel exploration in 57–100% of cases. A bleeding source can be identified in 80% of cases. Main causes are vascular lesions (61%) and benign ulcers (19%). When a lesion is found, intraoperative enteroscopy allows successful and recurrence-free management of gastrointestinal bleeding in 76% of cases. The reported mortality is 5% and morbidity is 17%. The recurrence of bleeding is observed in 13–52% of cases. With the recent development of deep enteroscopy techniques, intraoperative enteroscopy remains indicated when small bowel lesions (i) have been identified by a preoperative work-up, (ii) cannot be definitively managed by angiographic embolization, endoscopic treatment or when surgery is required and (iii) cannot be localized by external examination during surgical explorations. Surgeons and endoscopists must exercise caution with intraoperative enteroscopy to avoid the use of a low yield, highly morbid procedure. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Copyright of Der Internist is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Meckel's diverticulum is the most common congenital anomaly of the gastrointestinal tract. Authors present a 67-year-old woman treated for iron deficiency anemia for the past 5 years. Suddenly, her disease was presented with painless severe gastrointestinal bleeding (fresh melena). Inverted Meckel's diverticulum with ectopic pancreatic tissue as a source of severe gastrointestinal bleeding was diagnosed by intraoperative enteroscopy.Conclusion: A combination of inversion of Meckel's diverticulum with ectopic pancreatic tissue is extremely rare, particularly in elderly patient. Capsule endoscopy, double balloon enteroscopy, and ultimately intraoperative enteroscopy may be helpful in timely diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent advances in endoscopic small bowel (SB) techniques have revolutionalized the diagnostic approach of patients with suspected or known inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) has become an important diagnostic tool for the evaluation of suspected CD of the SB or in patients with known IBD to rule out SB involvement. The greatest utility of WCE has been observed in cases of suspected CD, where the initial evaluation with traditional radiographic and endoscopic studies has failed to establish the diagnosis. WCE can detect early SB lesions that can be overlooked by traditional radiological studies. The sensitivity of diagnosing SB CD by WCE is superior to other endoscopic or radiological methods such as push enteroscopy, computed tomography or magnetic resonance enteroclysis. The utility of WCE in patients with known CD, IBD unclassified (IBDU) and a select group of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) can better define the diagnosis and extent of the disease and may lead to reclassification of IBD from UC/IBDU to definitive CD. In addition, previously diagnosed patients with CD may be found to have more significant disease burden in the SB. This information may facilitate more targeted and effective therapies and potentially lead to better patient outcomes. A disadvantage of WCE is its low specificity and the risk of being retained in a strictured area of the SB. Balloon-assisted enteroscopy has essentially replaced push enteroscopy, and has been used to treat CD strictures, obtain biopsies from areas of SB involvement and even retrieving a retained capsule. Copyright © 2009 S. Karger AG, Basel [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Background: This study aimed at evaluating the role of intraoperative enteroscopy (IOE) for the management of obscure gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding in patients who had been preoperatively explored by video-capsule endoscopy (VCE). Methods: Eighteen patients who underwent IOE for obscure GI bleeding were prospectively recorded between November 2000 and January 2007. The bleeding site was preoperatively localized by VCE in the small bowel in 15 patients, but the origin of bleeding remained unknown in 3 patients. Results: In the 3 patients with negative VCE, IOE was normal, but intraoperative conventional endoscopy identified gastric (n = 1) and colonic (n = 2) lesions. Among the 15 patients with VCE positive for small-bowel lesions, laparotomy and IOE yielded localization and treatment (surgical n = 11 and endoscopic n = 2) guidance for 13 of 15 (87%) lesions. At median 19-month follow-up, 3 bleeding recurrences (3 of 15 [20%]) were recorded, resulting in a 73% therapeutic efficacy of IOE. Conclusions: IOE remains useful for the management of obscure GI bleeding when preoperative VCE is positive for small-bowel lesions that are not reachable by nonoperative enteroscopy. When VCE is negative, new conventional endoscopy should be proposed instead of IOE. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Copyright of Der Gastroenterologe is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: This study aimed to assess the role of intraoperative enteroscopy (IOE) in determining surgical treatment.Methods: The IOE procedure was performed for 30 patients with Crohn's disease. The degree of stricture and the presence of active ulcer were examined. Preoperative diagnoses and intraoperative findings obtained by inspection and palpation were noted and compared with the IOE findings.Results: Of the 78 intestinal strictures observed by IOE (42%), 33 were not found by preoperative examination. Of the 45 strictures confirmed by IOE to be severe (<15 mm in diameter), 8 were judged to be mild (15-25 mm in diameter) or were not even identified by intraoperative inspection and palpation. Active ulcer was found at 12 of 33 mild strictures, and all 12 strictures were surgically corrected. Of 11 severe strictures detected by IOE at previous surgical sites, 9 were found preoperatively, and 4 were judged to be mild on the basis of inspection and palpation. Stricture was found at the ileocecal valve by IOE in seven patients, but was not diagnosed preoperatively in two of these patients.Conclusion: Intraoperative enteroscopy provides useful information regarding the status of the lumen in patients with Crohn's disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The aim of this investigation was to elucidate the clinical value of intraoperative enteroscopy (IOE) for Crohn's disease, and to determine the value of IOE in predicting recurrent disease.Methods: In this study 27 patients requiring surgery were examined by both preoperative radiography and IOE. The findings obtained by these procedures in the remnant small intestine were compared. In 19 patients, the clinical course and colonoscopic or radiographic findings after surgery were analyzed.Results: Intestinal lesions were identified in 23 patients by IOE, and in 19 patients by radiography. Longitudinal ulcers were equivalently detected by IOE (63%) and radiography (56%), whereas small ulcers and inflammatory polyps were less frequently detected by radiography than by IOE (37% vs 74% and 19% vs 33%, respectively). Neither the presence nor the distribution of IOE findings was related to postoperative recurrence.Conclusions: Whereas IOE demonstrates small intestinal lesions in detail, the procedure alone cannot predict postoperative recurrence in Crohn's disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]