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85 pages.-- Radares de alta frecuencia en el observatorio RAIA, Actividad 2: Gestión y Validación de la Información, Entregable 2.10 - Memoria de las actividades de validación euleriana y lagrangiana, La obtención de medidas precisas de las corrientes marinas constituye un desafío debido a su alta variabilidad espacio-temporal, resultado de la influencia de diversos forzamientos: las mareas, la descarga fluvial de agua dulce, el viento, etc. Las medidas de corrientes proporcionadas por instrumentos convencionales tales como correntímetros, ADCPs o boyas de deriva, aunque útiles, presentan ciertas limitaciones en términos de resolución espacial y su precisión está sujeta al estado dinámico del mar. Por ello, en las últimas décadas se han realizado notables esfuerzos para desarrollar técnicas alternativas tales como la detección remota de mapas 2D de corrientes superficiales en regiones costeras con ayuda de radares HF (High Frequency o de alta frecuencia), Este documento ha sido cofinanciado por el Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional FEDER a través del Programa Interreg V-A España-Portugal (POCTEP) 2014-2020

18 pages.-- Radares de alta frecuencia en el observatorio RAIA, Actividad 2: Gestión y Validación de la Información, Entregable 2.5 -Definición de los criterios estadísticos de validación, Los sistemas de observación de corrientes basados en tecnologías HF Radar están sometidos a diversas fuentes de incertidumbre (ver 1.3.1). Algunas son intrínsecas a la propia tecnología, su electrónica y métodos de procesado, y otras proceden a las limitaciones de las escalas espaciales y temporales que pueden observar. Aquellas variaciones naturales propias de las corrientes que estén por debajo de la resolución espacial y temporal del HF Radar introducirán varianza en las observaciones finales registradas por el sistema. Por ello, no es extraño plantear comparaciones entre velocidades de corrientes registradas con otros sistemas de observación y los obtenidos por HF Radar para así validarlos y evaluarlos. Estas comparaciones suelen ser con metodologías eulerianas como los correntímetros o modelos numéricos (ver la tesis de Lorente [2016] para ejemplos en España) y también con observaciones lagrangianas como las obtenidas con boyas de deriva (ver el TFM de Terry [2018] para un ejemplo en la Ría de Vigo o de Wright [2008] en California), Este documento ha sido cofinanciado por el Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional FEDER a través del Programa Interreg V-A España-Portugal (POCTEP) 2014-2020

14 pages.-- Radares de alta frecuencia en el observatorio RAIA, Actividad 2: Gestión y Validación de la Información, Entregable 2.7- Plan de las campañas de medidas lagrangianas, Las antenas de los sistemas HF Radar son calibradas rutinariamente a través de transpondedores al obtener el Antenna Pattern Measurment (APM), el cual permite corregir las señales recibidas por la antena. Sin embargo, este tipo de tecnologías está sometida a diversas fuentes de incertidumbre, algunas procedentes de las limitaciones de escala espacio-temporal y otras intrínsecas a la propia tecnología de la antena. Por ello la validación externa mediante comparación con datos de velocidad de otros sistemas de observación es muy recomendable para asegurar la calidad de los datos ofrecidos por el sistema de radares HF, siendo las boyas de deriva una de las mejores herramientas con la que obtener dichas observaciones de velocidad de las corrientes (ver ejemplos Wrigth [2008], Terry [2018]), Este documento ha sido cofinanciado por el Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional FEDER a través del Programa Interreg V-A España-Portugal (POCTEP) 2014-2020

15 pages, 6 figures, 1 table.-- This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, Shark populations have suffered dramatic declines across the world as a result of overfishing. Marine protected areas (MPAs) can help restore overfished populations; however, their effectiveness largely relies on understanding the ecology of the targeted species. This study investigated the spatial ecology of the intensely harvested but understudied small spotted catshark (Scyliorhinus canicula) through acoustic telemetry in the Cíes Islands, a small MPA in the north-west of the Iberian Peninsula. There were significant effects of diel, seasonal cycles, biotic (sex and total length) and abiotic (bottom sea temperature) variables on the spatial behaviour of S. canicula. The mean residency index was low (0.27) and movement patterns suggested a strong connection with inshore waters. While the probability of presence in the study area was mainly driven by sex (i.e. greater for females), a drastic increase in activity was observed at night (compared with daytime hours). The activity space decreased with larger body sizes. Warmer waters were related to higher activity levels and larger activity spaces. This study provides essential knowledge of the spatial behaviour of S. canicula, with significant implications for the conservation and management of this species. The results indicate that small MPAs may fail to protect the whole range of movements of S. canicula, but suggest a larger protection potential for females. To be effective for S. canicula conservation, MPAs should be appropriately sized and designed for the ranging behaviour of the target species in order to provide total protection. Temporal restrictions on fishing at night mirroring the peak activity pattern of S. canicula could be implemented to limit the probability of its capture, K. Papadopoulo was supported by the European Union's Erasmus+ programme. This study was funded by the projects DESTAC and IGENTAC with the collaboration of the Fundación Biodiversidad, from the Ministerio para la Transición Ecológica y el Reto Demográfico (Spanish Government), through the Pleamar programme, cofounded by the FEMP. The acoustic telemetry array was supported by the ATLAZUL project (0755_ATLAZUL_6_E) co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through the Interreg V-A Spain-Portugal Program (POCTEP) 2014-2020. DVR has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 793627 (BEMAR) and from the programme IF_ERC from the Spanish National Research Council

18 pages, 9 figures.-- This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY), Ocean acidification has critical impacts on marine ecosystems, but presents knowledge gaps on the ecological impacts requiring large-scale monitoring of physicochemical conditions to predict biological responses to ocean pH projections. The threat is especially significant in coastal regions like upwelling areas which are more sensitive and appear to respond more rapidly to anthropogenic perturbations. These ecosystems, such as the northwest coast of the Iberian Peninsula are characterized by complex physical and biogeochemical interactions, supporting enormous biological productivity and productive fisheries. The distribution of pH in upwelling systems has high variability on short temporal and spatial scales preventing a complete picture of acidification, which exhibit long-term pH rates markedly different from the measured in open waters. This motivation to significantly expand the coverage of pH monitoring in coastal areas has driven us to develop an autonomous pH monitoring instrument (from now on SURCOM) based on the Honeywell Durafet® pH electrode. A relevant feature is that SURCOM transmits near real-time pH and temperature measurements every 10.5 min through SIGFOX®, a low-power, low-bandwidth network for data transmission. This very careful design allows us to achieve a very low power consumption for the complete system resulting in 3 years of full autonomy with no other need than external cleaning and calibration. In this paper we describe the setup and the data set obtained by a SURCOM instrument over 240 days in a highly productive and dynamic coastal ecosystem, the Rıá de Arousa embayment, providing valuable information on the performance of these low-cost and highly stable sensors, with potential for improving the pH variability description in nearshore systems and for reinforcing the monitoring-modeling of coastal acidification, Funding for AV was received from AtlAzul (0755_ATLAZUL_6_E) co-funded by the INTERREG V-A Spain-Portugal Cooperation Program (POCTEP) 2014-2020. Funding for XP comes from Observatorio TIAMAT project (2715-2021) funded by the Autonomous Agency of National Parks of the Ministry for Ecological Transition and Demographic Challenge. This work has also been supported from the MarRISK project (0262_MarRISK_1_E) co-funded by INTERREG V-A Spain-Portugal Cooperation Program (POCTEP) 2014-2020 and from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement no. 820989 (COMFORT). This work was also contributed by WATER:iOS CSIC PTI

Póster presentado en el Congreso Ibérico sobre Zonas Estratégicas de Gestión FIREPOCTEP 24-26 Octubre 2022 (Huelva), En la última década, nuestro planeta ha experimentado un aumento significativo en el número de incendios forestales, lo que está relacionado con el cambio climático. Uno de los principales efectos es la alteración de la fracción más reactiva del suelo, la materia orgánica del suelo (MOS), la cual puede producir importantes alteraciones en las propiedades físicas, químicas y biológicas del suelo. Actualmente existen trabajos enfocados en la relación existente entre la calidad de la MOS y las propiedades físicas del suelo. Sin embargo, existe poca información sobre la adaptación de las comunidades microbianas a alteraciones en la MOS. Entender cómo se comportan los microorganismos tras un incendio es importante para conocer los mecanismos de degradación de la materia orgánica recalcitrante y su papel en el Cambio Climático. En este trabajo se han analizado muestras de suelo, bajo pino (Pinus pinea), afectados por un incendio forestal, ocurrido en región de Castro Marim en Agosto de 2021. La composición de la MOS quemada y no quemada fue caracterizada mediante pirólisis analítica. El estudio de la diversidad microbiana se realizó mediante secuenciación masiva del gen ARN ribosomal 16S. El empleo de análisis estadístico multivariante ha permitido establecer una correlación directa entre la diversidad microbiana y la calidad de la MOS. Las muestras de suelo superficial no quemado presentaron una materia orgánica rica en compuestos derivados de la vegetación (lignina, ceras epicuticulares) y biomarcadores de actividad microbiana (péptidos y esteroles), mientras que la MOS quemada presentó una destrucción de la materia orgánica fresca (lignina, lípidos). El fuego produjo la transformación de este material en materia orgánica recalcitrante, principalmente hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos (PAHs). El análisis de componentes principales mostró correlaciones significativas entre las diferentes familias orgánicas y familias de microorganismos. El caso más destacado es el de los microorganimos pertenecientes a la familia Thermomonosporaceae que son capaces de degradar los PAHs. La aproximación holística y multidisciplinar empleada en este trabajo permitirá entender los mecanismos de adaptación de los microorganismos del suelo a un incendio forestal., Este trabajo ha sido financiado por la Unión Europea a través del Proyecto FIREPOCTEP (Ref.: 0756_FIREPOCTEP_6_E) del programa “Interreg V A España-Portugal (POCTEP) en el marco de los fondos FEDER”. Además, este trabajo fue financiado por el proyecto EROFIRE (ref. PCIF-RPG-0079-2018) de la “FCT–Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia”. N.T.J.M y A.Z.M agradecen a la FCT la financiación de sus “Contratos ao Estimulo Emprego Científico – CEECs” (CEECIND/01147/2017 y 2021/00711/CEECIND, respectivamente). A.Z.M. agradece al Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MCIN) del Gobierno de España la financiación de su contrato Ramón y Cajal (RYC2019-026885-I).

12 páginas.- 5 figuras.- 2 tablas.- 39 referencias.- Comunicación oral presentada en el VIII Congreso Español sobre Cuevas y Minas Turísticas "Minas y Cuevas: Patrimonio Geológico y Turístico". J.M. Calaforra y J.J. Durán Valsero (eds.), Pulpí (Almería) 19-22 octubre 2022.- Enlace al libro de Actas completo https://www.cuevasturisticas.es/actas-cuevatur-2022, Las cuevas vienen siendo estudiadas desde diversos puntos de vistas: ambiental, geológico, geoquímico, microbiológico, turístico, etc. Sin embargo, las cuevas y otros ambientes subterráneos han sido poco explorados desde el punto de vista biotecnológico, aunque representan nichos ecológicos indispensables que podrían ofrecer nuevas moléculas de interés para la medicina y la farmacología. Se han investigado las bacterias de diversas cuevas de la Península Ibérica, así como de las Islas Canarias para comprobar su bioactividad. Entre ellas, han mostrado un interesante potencial antimicrobiano algunas de las bacterias aisladas de la Cueva de Altamira. Los análisis in vitro e in silico mostraron la inhibición de bacterias patógenas Gram- positivas, Gram-negativas y hongos. El interés de esta investigación se apoya en la conocida resistencia de las bacterias patógenas a los antimicrobianos, lo que se ha convertido en un problema mundial en las últimas décadas. Nuestros datos muestran la presencia de bacterias productoras de compuestos antimicrobianos en ambientes subterráneos; y el estudio de sus genomas indicarían la existencia de genes implicados en la síntesis de nuevos compuestos. Palabras clave: Cueva de Altamira, compuestos antimicrobianos, Crossiella, Pseudomonas, predicción de genes., Esta publicación es parte del proyecto de investigación 0483_PROBIOMA_5_E.

Resumen del trabajo presentado al Transcolab Summit - Trends in grain-based foods, celebrado en Bragança (Portugal) del 23 al 25 de marzo de 2022., This work is part of the R&D project ACRINTAKE (RTI2018–094402-B-I00), financed by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/ and "FEDER, A way to make Europe", and partially financed by the Community of Madrid and European funding from the FSE and FEDER programs (project S2018/BAA-4393, AVANSECAL-II-CM). The authors are also grateful to the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) for financial support by national funds FCT/MCTES to CIMO (UIDB/00690/2020) and to FEDER-Interreg España-Portugal programme for financial support through the Project TRANSCoLAB 0612_TRANS_CO_LAB_2_P.

Trabajo presentado a las XXVI Jornadas Internacionales de Nutrición Práctica y al XV Congreso Internacional de la Sociedad Española de Dietética y Ciencias de la Alimentación (SEDCA), celebradas del 29 al 31 de marzo de 2022 en Madrid., Proyecto ACRINTAKE (RTI2018–094402-B-I00), MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/ y “FEDER Una manera de hacer Europa”; Comunidad de Madrid y financiación europea de los programas FSE y FEDER (proyecto S2018/BAA-4393, AVANSECAL-II-CM); Fundación para la Ciencia y la Tecnología (FCT, Portugal) con fondos nacionales FCT/MCTES a CIMO (UIDB/00690/2020); Programa FEDER-Interreg España-Portugal (Proyecto TRANSCoLAB 0612_TRANS_CO_LAB_2_P).

Stringent regulations and growing industrial interests have ensued the development of sustainable processes. Membrane assisted-nanoemulsification based on microengineered membranes has been explored for the sustainable production of therapeutic hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent (DES)-based nanoemulsions for enhanced antimicrobial applications. Hydrophobic DESs were synthesised by employing therapeutic terpenes: DL-menthol and thymol. To understand the mechanism of oil droplet detachment from the membrane when producing such nanoemulsions, the effect of hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity partition of the active membrane surface on the process performance was evaluated. Using a continuous phase cross-flow velocity of 0.32 m.s−1, a dispersed phase flowrate of 0.02 ml.min−1 and 2% (w/w) Tween 80 resulted in a DES-in-water nanoemulsion of 81.2 ± 0.9 nm droplet size. Novel observations like intrinsically reduced interfacial tension of 7.5 mN.m−1 between water and hydrophobic DES, and a hydrophobic DES wetting behaviour to both hydrophilic and hydrophobic active membrane surfaces were witnessed. Compared to DL-menthol, thymol or synthesised DES, the optimised DES-in-water nanoemulsions exhibited enhanced synergetic antimicrobial effect against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and superior potency against Cutibacterium acnes, an acne inducing bacterial strain. These nanoemulsions were also cytocompatible with human keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts. Lastly, membrane-assisted nanoemulsification manifested controlled size and monomodally distributed nanoemulsions compared to traditional ultrasound-driven emulsification., The authors would like to acknowledge Executive Agency for Education, Audiovisual & Culture (EACEA) of the European Commission for the scholarship grant of Erasmus Mundus Doctorate in Membrane Engineering (EUDIME) program to Syed Usman Taqui. Prof. Reyes Mallada and Dr. Ruth Lahoz from Nanoscience Institute of Aragon (INA), University of Zaragoza are acknowledged for their unconditional support in fabrication and characterization of metallic membranes. This work is also supported by the Associate Laboratory for Green Chemistry - LAQV which is financed by national funds from FCT/MCTES (UIDB/50006/2020). Authors M.T.B. Crespo, F.B. Gaspar and I.C. Leonardo acknowledge the financial support from the project “MobFood – Mobilizing scientific and technological knowledge in response to the challenges of the agri-food market” (POCI-01-0247-FEDER-024524) financed by European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), through the Incentive System to Research and Technological development, within the Portugal2020 Competitiveness and Internationalization Operational Program; iNOVA4Health - UID/Multi/04462/2013, a program financially supported by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia/Ministério da Educação e Ciência, through national funds and co-funded by FEDER under the PT2020 Partnership Agreement; and INTERFACE Programme, through the Innovation, Technology and Circular Economy Fund (FITEC). This research was partially funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (grant number CTQ2014-52384-R). V. Sebastian acknowledges the financial support from Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Programa Retos Investigación, Proyecto REF: RTI2018-099019-A-I00. G. Mendoza gratefully acknowledges the support from the Miguel Servet Program (MS19/00092; Instituto de Salud Carlos III). CIBER-BBN is an initiative funded by the VI National R&D&i Plan 2008 -2011, Iniciativa Ingenio 2010, Consolider Program, CIBER Actions and financed by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Spain) with assistance from the European Regional Development Fund.

12 pages, 6 figures, 5 tables.-- Under a Creative Commons license, This study presents the results of SARS-CoV-2 surveillance in sewage water of 11 municipalities and marine bioindicators in Galicia (NW of Spain) from May 2020 to May 2021. An integrated pipeline was developed including sampling, pre-treatment and biomarker quantification, RNA detection, SARS-CoV-2 sequencing, mechanistic mathematical modeling and forecasting. The viral load in the inlet stream to the wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) was used to detect new outbreaks of COVID-19, and the data of viral load in the wastewater in combination with data provided by the health system was used to predict the evolution of the pandemic in the municipalities under study within a time horizon of 7 days. Moreover, the study shows that the viral load was eliminated from the treated sewage water in the WWTP, mainly in the biological reactors and the disinfection system. As a result, we detected a minor impact of the virus in the marine environment through the analysis of seawater, marine sediments and, wild and aquacultured mussels in the final discharge point of the WWTP., The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of this work through the project “DIMCoVAR” funded in the program “Fondo Supera COVID” of the CRUE (Spanish Universities)-Santander Foundation. The authors also thank Aguas de Galicia and Consellería de Sanidade - Xunta de Galicia for their support and funding of this study. The IIM-CSIC group is also funded by projects 0474_BLUEBIOLAB from EU FEDER Program Interreg Spain-Portugal and IN607B 2019/01 from Consellería de Economía, Emprego e Industria (GAIN), Xunta de Galicia. MP acknowledges support from grant FJC2019-041397-I funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033

3 páginas.- 1 tabla.- 14 referencis, Pseudomonas sp. strain L5B5 is an antimicrobial-producing bacterium isolated from an air sample collected in a pyrite mine in Lousal, Portugal. Genomic analyses predicted genes involved in virulence factors. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of this bacterium, which consists of a circular chromosome with a length of 6,811,662 bp. Copyright © 2021 Gonzalez-Pimentel et al., Financial support was obtained through project 0483_PROBIOMA_5_E, cofinanced by the European Regional Development Fund within the framework of the INTERREG VA Spain-Portugal program (POCTEP), 2014 to 2020.

This article belongs to the Special Issue Tissue Engineered Biomaterials and Drug Delivery Systems., [Background]: Peripheral nerve injuries represent a major clinical challenge. If nerve ends retract, there is no spontaneous regeneration and grafts are required to proximate the nerve ends and give continuity to the nerve., [Methods]: GDNF-loaded NPs were characterized physicochemically. For that, NPs stability at different pH’s was assessed, and GDNF release was studied through ELISA. In vitro studies are performed with Schwann cells, and the NPs are labeled with fluorescein-5(6)-isothiocyanate for uptake experiments with SH-SY5Y neural cells., [Results]: GDNF-loaded NPs are stable in physiological conditions, releasing GDNF in a two-step profile, which is beneficial for nerve repair. Cell viability is improved after 1 day of culture, and the uptake is near 99.97% after 3 days of incubation., [Conclusions]: The present work shows the efficiency of using CMCht/PAMAM NPs as a GDNF-release system to act on peripheral nerve regeneration., This work was supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology for the funds provided under the distinction attributed to JMO (IF/01285/2015) and the project NanOptoNerv (ref. PTDC/NAN-MAT/29936/2017). The work was also supported by the European Commission and FEDER program, the JUSTHera project (NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000055), and the 0624_2IQBIONEURO_6_E project (Inter-regional cooperation program VA Spain-Portugal POCTEP 2014-2020).

10 páginas.- 1 figuras.- 3 tablas.- 41 referencias.- One supplementary table and four supplementary figures are available with the online version of this article., A novel facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, Gram-stain-negative, non-endospore-forming alphaproteobacterium, strain 1011MAR3C25T, was isolated from a white biofilm colonizing the walls of the Andalusian show cave Gruta de las Maravillas (Huelva, Spain). Strain 1011MAR3C25T grew at 8–42 °C (optimum, 20–30 °C), at pH 5.0–9.0 (optimum, pH 5.0–6.0) and in the presence of 0–12 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 3–5 %). Cells were catalase- and oxidase-positive. The strain grew heterotrophically with various carbon sources and chemoautotrophically with thiosulfate under aerobic conditions. Results of phylogenetic analysis showed that strain 1011MAR3C25T was related to Paracoccus saliphilus DSM 18447T and Paracoccus alkanivorans LMG 30882T (97.90 % and 97.32 % 16S rRNA sequence identity values, respectively). The major respiratory quinone was ubiquinone Q-10 and the predominant fatty acid was C18 : 1 ω7c. The polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, an unidentified glycolipid and an unidentified polar lipid. The DNA G+C content was 60.3 mol%. Based on a polyphasic taxonomic study it is proposed that strain 1011MAR3C25T (=CECT 9092T=LMG 29414T) represents a novel species of the genus Paracoccus, for which the name Paracoccus onubensis sp. nov. is proposed., This study was supported by project 0483_PROBIOMA_5_E, co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund within the framework of the Interreg V A Spain–Portugal program (POCTEP) 2014–2020

21 páginas.- 9 figuras.- 2 tablas.- 96 referencias, Mines, like other subterranean environments, have ecological conditions which allow the thriving of microorganisms. Prokaryotes and fungi are common inhabitants of mines, developing a metabolism suitable for growing in such inhospitable environments. The mine of Lousal, Portugal, is an interesting site for the study of microorganisms present in their galleries. Aerobiological studies resulted in the isolation of a Pseudomonas sp., strain L5B5, closely related to the opportunistic fish pathogen P. piscis MC042T, and to the soil bacteria P. protegens CHA0T, P. protegens Cab57, and P. protegens Pf-5. Strain L5B5 was able to inhibit the growth of the pathogenic bacteria Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Acinetobacter baumanii, as well as the cave fungi Aspergillus versicolor, Penicillium chrysogenum, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Fusarium solani, and Ochroconis lascauxensis. In silico analyses based on de novo genome hybrid assembly and RNA-Seq, performing seven conditions based on culture and phases of growth resulted in the prediction and detection of genetic mechanisms involved in secondary metabolites, with the presence of a possible new gene cluster transcribed under the tested conditions, as well as feasible virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance mechanisms, The research was supported by the European Union’s project 0483_PROBIOMA_5_E, co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund within the framework of the Interreg V-A Spain-Portugal program (POCTEP) 2014–2020.

16 páginas.- 4 figuras.- 2 tablas.- 81 referencias.- : The following supporting information can be downloaded at: https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/microorganisms10081575/s1 .- (This article belongs to the Section Environmental Microbiology), Antimicrobial resistance has become a global problem in recent decades. A gradual reduction in drug discoveries has led to the current antimicrobial resistance crisis. Caves and other subsurface environments are underexplored thus far, and they represent indispensable ecological niches that could offer new molecules of interest to medicine and biotechnology. We explored Spanish show caves to test the bioactivity of the bacteria dwelling in the walls and ceilings, as well as airborne bacteria. We reported the isolation of two strains of the genus Crossiella, likely representing a new species, isolated from Altamira Cave, Spain. In vitro and in silico analyses showed the inhibition of pathogenic Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and fungi, as well as the taxonomical distance of both strains from their closest relative, Crossiella cryophila. The presence of an exclusive combination of gene clusters involved in the synthesis of lanthipeptides, lasso peptides, nonribosomal peptides and polyketides indicates that species of this genus could represent a source of new compounds. Overall, there is promising evidence for antimicrobial discovery in subterranean environments, which increases the possibility of identifying new bioactive molecules. Crossiella; predicted gene clusters; Spanish show caves, Financial support for research in caves and mines was obtained through project 0483_PROBIOMA_5_E, co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund within the framework of the Interreg V-A Spain-Portugal program (POCTEP) 2014–2020

[ES] Se presenta la evidencia arqueológica registrada en la Finca El Quintillo, en el término municipal de Cabeza del Buey (Badajoz) el extremo oriental del territorio de la actual Extremadura. Se describe el proceso de desvelamiento de las estructuras arqueológicas, iniciado con la identificación a través de la serie histórica de fotografías aéreas y los datos LiDAR de libre acceso del Plan Nacional de Ortofotografía Aérea. Se pasa luego a describir el trabajo de campo desarrollado para la contrastación de estos indicios, basado fundamentalmente en una batería de métodos no invasivos. Se trata de un estudio combinado de métodos geofísicos, empleando prospección geomagnética e inducción electromagnética, con la toma y análisis de imágenes capturadas con sensores instalados en drones (imagen RGB e infrarrojo térmico). A esto se añade la caracterización cronológica y funcional de una serie de materiales recuperados mediante prospección de superficie y metalodetección. Los resultados de estos análisis son valorados a la luz de las evidencias de otros recintos campamentales de época romana, estableciéndose algunas analogías basadas en la forma y dimensiones de las estructuras detectadas. Se propone que, a pesar de la escasa entidad de los restos conservados, estamos ante un nuevo caso de este tipo de asentamientos, posiblemente de corta duración, si bien no contamos con elementos firmes para acotar con precisión su datación. Esto nos lleva finalmente a valorar cómo podemos relacionar estas evidencias de la presencia romana en este territorio con los datos previamente disponibles acerca de su trasformación dentro del proceso de implantación romana. Se valora en este sentido la información sobre el poblamiento de época tardo-republicana documentado en la zona, pero también de manera heurística, algunos datos derivados del análisis espacial de las relaciones entre ellos y de la estructura de las comunicaciones en la comarca de La Serena., [EN] This study presents the archaeological evidence recorded in the Finca El Quintillo, in the municipality of Cabeza del Buey (Badajoz), the eastern border of the territory that is now the region of Extremadura. We describe the process of uncovering the archaeological structures, which began thanks to the analysis of the historical series of aerial photographs and LiDAR data,) of free access in the National Plan of Aerial Orthophotography. We then detail the field work developed in order to contrast this evidence, based primarily on a series of non-invasive methods. We use a combined study of geophysical methods, including geomagnetic prospecting and electromagnetic induction, with the acquisition and analysis of images captured with sensors installed on drones (RGB and thermal infrared image). We also incorporate the chronological and functional characterization of a series of materials recovered by means of surface prospecting and metal detection. The results of these analyses are evaluated in the light of evidence from other Roman camp sites, establishing some analogies based on the shape and dimensions of the structures detected. We propose that, despite the small size of the preserved remains, we are faced with a new case of this type of settlement, possibly of short duration, although we do not have strong evidence to suggest an accurate dating. Finally, we assess how we can relate this evidence of Roman presence in this territory with the previously available data regarding its transformation within the process of Roman implantation. In this sense, we value the information on the late-Republican settlement documented in the area, as well as a heuristic approach with the data obtained from the spatial analysis of their relationships and the communication structure in the region of La Serena., Este trabajo ha sido también posible a los recursos de los siguientes proyectos: «Métodos no invasivos en Arqueología y Agricultura de Precisión para la revalorización del Patrimonio y el desarrollo de una actividad agraria productiva y sostenible. Tarea 2.1.7 del Proyecto INNOACE Innovación abierta e inteligente en la EUROACE, cofinanciado por el Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) a través del Programa INTERREG V-A España-Portugal (POCTEP) 2014-2020» y «Análisis Arqueológico y Valorización Patrimonial de tres Paisajes de la Conquista Romana de Hispania (Siglos II-I Ac.). Subproyecto: Suroeste de la Hispania Ulterior», perteneciente al Plan Nacional de Investigación: Referencia: HAR2015-64601-C3-3-R.

Trabajo presentado a la 1st European Sample Preparation e-Conference, celebrada del 11 al 12 de marzo de 2021., In this work, an analytical method has been applied for the determination of pesticide residues in red wine from different origins, using both gas (GC) and liquid chromatography (LC) coupled to mass spectrometry (MS) in combination with the QuEChERS method as extraction procedure. The methodology was validated, following the SANTE/12682/2019 guide, obtaining good recovery values (with relative standard deviations lower than 20%) and a high sensitivity that allow strict monitoring of these compounds., This work has been supported by the European Project Pervemac II (Mac/1.1a/049). B.S.-R. would like to thank the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities for her “Juan de la Cierva” postdoctoral grant. Á.S.-M. and R.R.-R. would like to thank the Agency of Economy, Industry, Trade and Knowledge of the Government of the Canary Islands for the FPI fellowship (cofinanced 85% from the European Social Funds). The authors would like to acknowledge the use of the Research Support General Service (SEGAI) of the University of La Laguna

This study presents a challenging approach that addresses the efficient management of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) by hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) for the development of novel sustainable low-CO2 building materials. Mild HTC treatment at 180 °C for 2 h transformed low-grade OFMSW into a renewable carbonaceous solid (hydrochar), which displays promising properties for application in particleboards. Taking advantage of the presence of extractives acting as natural binders, the hydrochar particles with sizes of, Funding from the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through project CEMOWAS2 (SOE2/P5/F0505)-INTERREG V SUDOE 2017 is acknowledged. Michael M. Santos thanks the University of Beira Interior and the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) for the award of an Erasmus+ internship.

We are very grateful to all the SFS owners, managers, and visitors surveyed for their time and interest in participating in this study. D Garcia (Generalitat of Catalunya) , M Alcantara, JM MartinezGonzalez,J Ruicio and JA Sese (Government of Aragon) , A Llamas and M Lopez (Government of Navarra) , M Razin (LPO) , P Oliva (UdL) , the forestry rangers of Generalitat of Catalunya and Government of Aragon, Tremp and Laspuna city councils, the institutions Estacio Biol`ogica del Pallars Juss`a, Fundacio CatalunyaLaPedreraAube`rria, L'Altre Pallars SL, Associacio La Trenca, Roc Falcon SLU, Parque faunistico de los Pirineos Lacuniacha, Fondo Amigos del Buitre, Asociacion Bonansa Activa, MonNatura Pirineus, and the national park of Aiguestortes i Estany de Sant Maurici and the natural parc of CadiMoixero provided data about the Pyrenean SFS. We do especially acknowledge M Grasa, JA Sese, J Canut, A Royo, M Aguilera, S Sancho, L Sanchez, S Garrig`os, D Manzanera, J Dalmau and E Rojas who developed part of the fieldwork. JA Sese also helped to improve a first draft of the questionnaire. The comments of two anonymous reviewers improved a previous version of this article. This study was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (project CGL201566966C22R) , Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (project RTI2018099609BC22) , and European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through the INTERREG VAEspanaFranciaAndorra (POCTEFA 2014-2020 program, project ECOGYP EFA 089/15) . RGJ was supported by a predoctoral grant (FPI/BES-2016-077510) granted by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness. ZMR was supported by a postdoctoral contract cofunded by the Generalitat Valenciana and the European Social Fund (APOSTD/2019/016) ., Nature's contributions to people (NCP) are fundamental to human well-being. In particular, non-material NCP, defined as effects on personal perspectives which enhance people's quality of life, are currently the most abstract and least well-defined NCP. Avian scavengers are a globally threatened guild that plays a key role in our society but currently only valued for their NCP of disease control and carcass removal. We describe the first economic valuation of the recreational and educational experiences brought by avian scavenger-based tourism in Spain, concretely, at vulture supplementary feeding sites (SFS) in the Pyrenees and their important contribution to the incomes of the local human population. Between February 2018 and January 2020, we collected information on the management and characteristics of 53 (c. 80%) of the Pyrenean SFS using telephone interviews and questionnaires. We estimated that photography and avian scavenger-watching at SFS produce an average of US $4.90 +/- 2.67 million annually, including US $2.53 +/- 1.36 million in direct economic benefits to the local population. Using a conservative economic approach, this study is one of only a few to value some of the important nonmaterial contribution provided by avian scavengers to our society. Our study also suggests that further research on non-material NCP provided by avian scavengers at SFS is needed. Finally, we discuss the delicate balance between recreational experiences arising from wildlife-based tourism and biodiversity conservation, contrasting the contribution of SFS to the income of local human populations against the problems they raise for vulture conservation., Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness CGL201566966C22R, Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities RTI2018099609BC22, European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through the INTERREG VAEspanaFranciaAndorra (POCTEFA 2014-2020 program) ECOGYP EFA 089/15, Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness FPI/BES-2016-077510, European Social Fund (ESF) APOSTD/2019/016, Generalitat Valenciana European Commission

While the fruits of Xylopia aethiopica (Dunal) A. Rich. are important in African countries as a local trade product, their composition remains scarcely investigated. Phenolic fingerprint is herein delivered through HPLC-DAD-ESI(Ion Trap)-MS and UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS analysis, six cinnamoylquinic acid derivatives and twenty-four flavonoid glycosides being determined, chrysoeriol-7-O-glycosides being the main constituents. A cytotoxicity screening of twenty-eight hydroethanol extracts, obtained from a collection of Guinea-Bissauan plants, against A549 and AGS carcinoma cells, revealed the selective and potent effect towards AGS cells (IC = 151 × 10 g L), upon exposure to the extract from X. aethiopica fruits. Additional experiments demonstrated insignificant effect on LDH release at 151 × 10 g L, morphological analysis further suggesting induction of apoptosis. Pro-apoptotic effects were confirmed, as the extract enabled the activation of the effector caspase-3, broadening the knowledge on the anticancer mechanisms elicited by the fruits of X. aethiopica. Phenolic constituents might contribute to the cytotoxic effects, particularly via caspase-3 activation. Considering that X. aethiopica fruit is very often referred as an anticancer ingredient in Africa, but mainly the potent cytotoxicity herein recorded, our results call for additional research aiming to identify non-phenolic constituents contributing to the effects and also to further detail the anticancer mechanisms., The work was supported by UIDB/50006/2020 with funding from FCT/MCTES through national funds, and by Programa de Cooperación Interreg V-A España – Portugal (POCTEP) 2014–2020 [project 0377_IBERPHENOL_6_E], as well as COMPETE 2020 program, co-financed by the FEDER and the European Union, PTDC/ASP-AGR/30154/2017 (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-030154). The work was supported by UIDB/50006/2020 with funding from FCT/MCTES through national funds, and by Programa de Cooperación Interreg V-A España – Portugal (POCTEP) 2014–2020 (project 0377_IBERPHENOL_6_E). Andreia P. Oliveira thanks to REQUIMTE for the research contract (DL57/2016/CP1346/CT0015). N. Gomes is indebted to national funds through FCT, under the project CEECIND/03037/2017. Tiago Macedo (SFRH/BD/144870/2019) thanks to FCT/MCTES.

[Background]: Determining susceptibility to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in asymptomatic individuals requires from noninvasive, simple, and inexpensive markers that can be easily obtained in primary care settings. While saliva meets all these requirements, there is a lack of evidence linking salivary constituents to in vivo AD pathology in aging., [Methods]: We examined the potential of salivary total antioxidant capacity (TAC) for identifying global cortical amyloid-beta (Aβ) burden, deficits in regional glucose uptake, and poorer cognition in 71 cognitively normal older adults. We further assessed whether salivary TAC-related cognitive performance was associated with higher Aβ load and lower cortical glucose consumption., [Results]: Linear regression analyses adjusted by age, sex, years of education, and ApoE4 status showed that salivary TAC was associated with slower processing speed and poorer sustained attention, as well as with higher Aβ load and lower glucose metabolism in cortical regions vulnerable to cognitive aging and AD. Results also revealed that lower scores in processing speed and sustained attention were associated with greater Aβ burden and lower regional glucose consumption, respectively., [Conclusions]: Together, these findings support the use of salivary TAC for preventive screening and detection of cerebral vulnerability to AD. Further research is needed to evaluate the utility of salivary TAC as a clinical marker., This work was supported by research grants from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (grant numbers SAF2017-85310-R to J.L.C., PSI2017-85311-P to M.A., and AGL2015-66886R to B.H.L.); International Center on Aging CENIE-POCTEP (grant number 0348_CIE_6_E to M.A.); Research Program for a Long-Life Society (grant number 0551_PSL_6_E to J.L.C.); and CIBERNED (grant number CB06/05/1111 to J.L.C.).

Ethnopharmacological relevance: According to ethnobotanical surveys, Cassia sieberiana DC. (1825) is a particularly reputed species in African folk Medicine, namely due to the application of its leaves and roots for the treatment of diseases and symptomatology that appear to be related with an inflammatory background. In contrast with the roots of the plant, the leaves remain to be investigated, which prompted us to further detail mechanisms underlying their anti-inflammatory properties, by using in vitro models of disease. Aim of the study: Considering its use in the amelioration and treatment of conditions that frequently underlie an inflammatory response, C. sieberiana leaves extract was prioritized amongst a collection of extracts obtained from plants collected in Guinea-Bissau. As such, this work aims to deliver experimental data on the anti-inflammatory properties of C. sieberiana leaf and to establish possible associations with its chemical composition, thus providing a rationale on its use in folk Medicine. Materials and methods: The chemical profile of an hydroethanol extract obtained from the leaves of the plant was established by HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS in order to identify bioactives. The extract and its main compound were tested towards a series of inflammatory mediators, both in enzymatic and cell-based models. The capacity to interfere with the eicosanoid-metabolizing enzymes 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX), cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and -2 (COX-2) was evaluated in cell-free systems, while the effects in interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels produced by THP-1 derived macrophages were assessed through ELISA. Results: HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS analysis of the extract elucidated a chemical profile qualitatively characterized by a series of anthraquinones, particularly rhein derivatives, and nine flavonols, most of which 3-O-glycosylated. Considering the concentrations of the identified compounds, quercetin was detached as the main component. Effects of the hydroethanol extract obtained from C. sieberiana leaves against key enzymes of the arachidonic acid cascade were recorded, namely a concentration-dependent inhibition against 5-LOX, at concentrations ranging from 16 to 250 μg mL and a selective inhibitory action upon COX-2 (IC = 3.58 μg mL) in comparison with the isoform COX-1 (IC = 9.10 μg mL). Impact on inflammatory cytokines was also noted, C. sieberiana leaf extract significantly decreasing IL-6 levels in THP-1 derived macrophages at 250 and 500 μg mL. In contrast, TNF-α levels were found to be increased in the same model. Quercetin appears to partially account for the observed effects, namely due to the significant inhibitory effects on the activity of the arachidonic acid metabolizing enzymes COX-2 and 5-LOX. Conclusions: The anti-inflammatory effects herein reported provide a rationale for the use of C. sieberiana leaves in African folk practices, such as in the treatment of arthritis, rheumatism and body aches. Considering the occurrence of flavonoidic and anthraquinonic constituents, as well as the observed anti-inflammatory properties of quercetin, recorded effects must be related with the presence of several bioactives., This work was supported by UIDB/50006/2020 with funding from FCT/MCTES through national funds, and by Programa de Cooperación Interreg V-A España – Portugal (POCTEP) 2014–2020 (project 0377_IBERPHENOL_6_E). N. Gomes is indebted to national funds through FCT, under the project CEECIND/03037/2017.. Andreia P. Oliveira thanks to REQUIMTE for the research contract (DL57/2016/CP1346/CT0015). Tiago Macedo (SFRH/BD/144870/2019) thanks to FCT/MCTES.

21 pages, 8 figures, 1 table, Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are being increasingly recognised as key modulators of various biological mechanisms, including the immune response. Although investigations in teleosts are still lagging behind those conducted in mammals, current research indicates that lncRNAs play a pivotal role in the response of fish to a variety of pathogens. During the last several years, interest in lncRNAs has increased considerably, and a small but notable number of publications have reported the modulation of the lncRNA profile in some fish species after pathogen challenge. This study was the first to identify lncRNAs in the commercial species European sea bass. A total of 12,158 potential lncRNAs were detected in the head kidney and brain. We found that some lncRNAs were not common for both tissues, and these lncRNAs were located near coding genes that are primarily involved in tissue-specific processes, reflecting a degree of cellular specialisation in the synthesis of lncRNAs. Moreover, lncRNA modulation was analysed in both tissues at 24 and 72 h after infection with nodavirus. Enrichment analysis of the neighbouring coding genes of the modulated lncRNAs revealed many terms related to the immune response and viral infectivity but also related to the stress response. An integrated analysis of the lncRNAs and coding genes showed a strong correlation between the expression of the lncRNAs and their flanking coding genes. Our study represents the first systematic identification of lncRNAs in European sea bass and provides evidence regarding the involvement of these lncRNAs in the response to nodavirus., This work was financially supported by the European Union through the funding programme Horizon 2020 (Performfish -727610) and Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad of Spain (BIO2017-82851-C3-2-R). Patricia Pereiro and Raquel Lama wish to thank the Axencia Galega de Innovación (GAIN, Xunta de Galicia) for their postdoctoral (IN606B-2018/010) and predoctoral contracts (IN606A-2017/011), respectively. Our laboratory is funded by EU Feder Programa Interreg España-Portugal 0474_BLUEBIOLAB and IN607B 2019/01 from Consellería de Economía, Emprego e Industria (GAIN), Xunta de Galicia.