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Wearing face masks during the Covid-19 pandemic has undeniable benefits from our health perspective. However, the interpersonal costs on social interactions may have been underappreciated. Because masks obscure critical facial regions signaling approach/avoidance intent and social trust, this implies that facial inference of approachability and trustworthiness may be severely discounted. Here, in our eyetracking experiment, we show that people judged masked faces as less approachable and trustworthy. Further analyses showed that the attention directed towards the eye region relative to the mouth region mediated the effect on approachability, but not on trustworthiness. This is because for masked faces, with the mouth region obscured, visual attention is then automatically diverted away from the mouth and towards the eye region, which is an undiagnostic cue for judging a target's approachability. Together, these findings support that mask-wearing inhibits the critical facial cues needed for social judgements., Author(s): Listryarinie Ongko Bylianto [sup.1] , Kai Qin Chan [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.456586.c, 0000 0004 0470 3168, James Cook University, , Singapore, Singapore Faces contain critical cues for social [...]

Hardly a day passes without seeing the negative consequences of conspiracy beliefs manifest in headline news. While a great deal of research has examined the causes and consequences of believing conspiracy theories, relatively little research has examined the reaction to one's belief in conspiracy theories from one's social network. We asked participants to indicate how they would react if a family member, friend, or co-worker believed a series of conspiracy theories (e.g., Would they be willing to tolerate those beliefs? Would they be willing to confront those beliefs?). Also, we examined the role of Actively Openminded Thinking (AOT; Svedholm-Hakkinen & Lindeman, 2018) to examine the extent to which it predicted the belief in conspiracy theories and the acceptance of those beliefs in others. Study 1 and Study 2 were nearly identical, except the former consisted of an internet sample and the latter consisted of college students. Together, the data from these studies revealed that conspiracy beliefs that had direct consequences for the participant were less likely to be tolerated and more likely to be confronted. The closer the relationship of the believer to the participant, the more likely the participant was to tolerate and confront the belief. Finally, AOT scores were associated with a decreased tendency to believe in conspiracies and an increased tendency to confront those beliefs in others. These data inform our understanding of social and individual factors that lead to confrontation of conspiracy beliefs and increase our understanding of the AOT construct., Author(s): Bradley M. Okdie [sup.1] , Daniel M. Rempala [sup.2] , Sophia R. Mustric [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.460039.8, 0000 0004 0633 794X, Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University [...]

Exchange orientation (EO) and communal orientation (CO) are two fundamental relationship orientations (ROs). We argue that state RO (i.e., the relative activation of the two ROs at a specific moment) varies across situations and should be differentiated from trait ROs. In two studies, we examined how state RO affected subsequent helping behaviors and how it was influenced by a situational factor (i.e., hunger). We also examined whether trait ROs moderated the above links. An eye-tracking paradigm (Study 1) and a scenario-based paradigm (Study 2) were adopted to assess state RO. The two studies consistently found that relatively more activation of state EO over state CO reduced helping tendency toward strangers (Study 1) and acquaintances (Study 2). High trait CO amplified the effect in Study 1. Moreover, hunger heightened the relative activation of state EO over state CO in both studies, but the effect was only significant for participants with high trait EO in Study 1. The results highlight the importance to study the momentary variation of ROs and open new research directions., Author(s): Tianyuan Li [sup.1] , Pok-Man Siu [sup.2] [sup.3] Author Affiliations: (1) https://ror.org/00t33hh48, grid.10784.3a, 0000 0004 1937 0482, School of Humanities and Social Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, [...]

Negative interpersonal attitudes can affect people's well-being, interpersonal relationships, and cooperation. Overcoming negative interpersonal attitudes is a key subject in loving-kindness and compassion meditations (LCMs). However, the results and study design of previous research on negative interpersonal attitudes have been inconsistent. Therefore, it is necessary to summarize the effects of LCMs and explore moderators through meta-analysis. A literature search was conducted in the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, ISI Core Collection, Medline, ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, and PsycINFO databases up to April 2, 2021. Of the 281 identified empirical studies on LCMs, 25 measured negative interpersonal attitudes, and 21 were included in the meta-analysis. The results showed that the effects of LCMs on negative interpersonal attitudes in daily life were significant both for randomized controlled trials (g = -.203) and uncontrolled trials (g = -.539). The instant effects after meditation were also significant in randomized controlled experiments (g = -.187). Leave-one-out sensitivity analysis and nonsignificant subgroup analysis showed that the results were robust except for randomized controlled experiments. Although no significant moderators were identified, moderator analysis suggested that reducing bias and sending wishes to difficult targets were especially effective, and LCM subtypes might impact the results. Individual studies found that the contribution of meditation practice during interventions was weak. In sum, LCMs have the potential to reduce negative interpersonal attitudes, especially in multiweek interventions. Future studies should further explore the underlying mechanisms and consider the implications of study design features, such as the induction of negative interpersonal attitudes and the targets of LCMs., Author(s): Jingyi Zhou [sup.1] , Yongqi Lang [sup.1] , Zilin Wang [sup.1] , Chenyu Gao [sup.1] , Jing Lv [sup.2] , Yuan Zheng [sup.1] , Xiaodan Gu [sup.1] , Luyi [...]

Previous research illustrated a negative role of envy on personal growth and interpersonal relationships. However, almost no direct evidence existed regarding the relationship between envy and moral decision-making. In addition, given the limitations of the traditional paradigm for the interpretation of results, this study attempted to adopt a new research paradigm, the CNI model, to provide referable evidence for their relationship. This model allows researchers to separate multiple underlying cognitive processes under categorical responses, including 3 determinants of moral decision-making, sensitivity to consequences (C), sensitivity to moral norms (N), and a general preference for inaction and action (I). 164 participants were randomly assigned to envy and control groups and performed immersive thinking and writing tasks. Subsequently, they were asked to read 24 moral dilemmas and answer a question after each dilemma about whether the given action in the dilemma was acceptable. The traditional approach revealed that no relationship between envy and moral decision-making. The process dissociation paradigm found that envy was associated with a lower deontological inclination and increased the possibility of violating moral norms. The CNI analysis indicated that envy had a weaker sensitivity to moral norms, but is unrelated to sensitivity to consequences and overall action preferences. Finally, the findings were discussed., Author(s): Hao Yang [sup.1] , Juan Guo [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) https://ror.org/02rkvz144, grid.27446.33, 0000 0004 1789 9163, School of Psychology, Northeast Normal University, , Changchun, China Introduction Moral decision-making typically [...]

Social media literacy is assumed to protect adolescents from negative social media effects, yet research supporting this is lacking. The current three-wave panel study with a four-month interval among N = 1,032 adolescents tests this moderating role of social media literacy. Specifically, we examine between- vs. within-person relations of exposure to the positivity bias on social media, social comparison, envy, and inspiration. We find significant positive relations between these variables at the between-person level. At the within-person level, a different pattern of results occurred: higher exposure to others' perfect lives on social media was related to increased inspiration, and higher social comparison was related to increased envy, yet both associations only occurred in one of the two time intervals. Additionally, no within-person associations between exposure to positive content and envy were significant, nor between exposure and social comparison or social comparison and inspiration. These results thus seem more complex than traditional paradigms of selective and transactional media effects assume. Furthermore, multiple group tests showed that the within-person cross-lagged relation between social comparison and envy only occurred for adolescents with low affective social media literacy. The moderating role of social media literacy was not supported in any other instances. The results overall point at the need to instruct affective social media literacy to help adolescents navigate positively biased social media platforms in a healthy way., Author(s): Lara Schreurs [sup.1] [sup.2] , Adrian Meier [sup.3] , Laura Vandenbosch [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) https://ror.org/05f950310, grid.5596.f, 0000 0001 0668 7884, School for Mass Communication Research, Faculty of Social [...]

A lot of popular comedians are known for their transgressive humor towards social groups, but disparagement humor is not just restricted to stages or media performances. We encounter it everywhere or perhaps use it ourselves. In this paper, we were interested in how people react to disparaging jokes (i.e., homophobic jokes) across different relational settings. Adapting Fiske's relational models theory, we examined how status differences in relationships affect the perception of and cognition about socially disparaging jokes. In Study 1 (N = 77), we piloted seven potentially disparaging jokes about gay men in relation to how they are perceived. In Study 2 (N = 288), using one joke from Study 1, we constructed vignettes manipulating the sexual orientation of the source of the joke in the dyad (i.e., heterosexual, gay, both heterosexual) and their status differences across relational models (i.e., high, equal, and low status). We found that the joke was perceived to be less funny, more offensive, and more morally wrong, and to contain more harm intent if it came from a heterosexual person rather than a gay person. Study 3 (N = 197) used concrete status differences in relationships in terms of existing intergroup dimensions. Results showed that the joke was perceived as more offensive, less acceptable and more morally wrong when it came from a high authority source (e.g., professor rather than a student). Overall, these findings bring the first evidence to link disparagement humor with relational models and show the importance status differences in the perception of disparagement humor., Author(s): Bastian Weitz [sup.1] [sup.2] , Yasin Koc [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) https://ror.org/012p63287, grid.4830.f, 0000 0004 0407 1981, Department of Social Psychology, Groningen, Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences, University [...]

Very few studies have investigated the relationship between sensory processing sensitivity (SPS) and interpersonal variables; none has particularly focused on romantic relationship satisfaction. In the context of romantic relationships, this study aimed to identify whether SPS is a risk factor (hypothesizing that traits make individuals more vulnerable to the effects of adverse environments) or a susceptibility marker (hypothesizing that traits make individuals more susceptible to the effects of both nourishing and adverse environments). To understand this, we tested whether an increased level of SPS is associated with a decreased level of romantic relationship satisfaction through negative affectivity and conflict resolution styles. Furthermore, we tested whether these proposed relationships intensified when the childhood environment was negative. A total of 206 unmarried young adults who had been in a romantic relationship for at least two years completed the measures of SPS, childhood environment, negative affectivity, conflict resolution styles, and relationship satisfaction. The results indicated that negative affectivity and negative conflict resolution styles mediated the association between SPS and satisfaction in a relationship; however, childhood environment did not moderate these relationships. These findings suggest that beyond childhood factors, SPS is an independent risk factor for developing negative outcomes in romantic relationships. This study also significantly contributes to the literature by revealing the possible mechanisms between SPS and romantic relationship satisfaction., Author(s): Melis Zorlular [sup.1] , Tugba Uzer [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) https://ror.org/0285rh439, grid.454325.1, 0000 0000 9388 444X, Department of Psychology, TED University, , Ziya Gokalp Blv. No:48, 06420, Ankara, Turkey [...]

The current research treated laughter as an indexical with two closely allied properties: to designate talk as non-serious and to serve as a mode of address signalling a preference for solidarity. These properties gave rise to four discrete forms of laughter bout, solitary speaker, solitary listener, speaker-initiated joint, and listener-initiated joint laughter, which were examined using 55 same-gender pairs discussing three choice dilemma items. By exploring the associations between the wider contextual factors of familiarity, gender, disagreement and status, and the frequencies of each form of bout within the dyad, it was hoped to establish whether laughter was related to how participants modulated their social relationships. Neither familiarity nor disagreement had any effect on any of the forms of laughter bout, while females were found to demonstrate higher frequencies of joint speaker laughter than males. In unequal status pairs, high status female staff joined in the laughter of their low status female student interlocutors less often than the reverse, a finding comparable with the exchange of other terms of address, such as second person pronouns in European languages. It was concluded that joint laughter was a signal of solidarity and solitary speaker laughter was a declared preference for solidarity, but the significance of solitary listener laughter, beyond an acknowledgement of the speaker's non-serious talk, remained less clear. It was also noted that norms associated with the setting and topic of interaction were influential in determining the extent to which laughter would be used to modulate the relationships between interlocutors., Author(s): Angus McLachlan [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) https://ror.org/05qbzwv83, grid.1040.5, 0000 0001 1091 4859, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, Federation University Australia, , PO Box 663, 3353, Ballarat, VIC, Australia Introduction [...]

Research on the link between compassion toward others (CTO) and subjective well-being (SWB) has gained increasing attention in recent years. However, studies about the prospective relationship between these two constructs, as well as its underlying psychological process (i.e., mediators), are limited. For this reason, we conducted long-term three-wave longitudinal research, with six months between waves, among a large and representative sample of Chileans (N = 1477) to analyze the longitudinal relationship between CTO and SWB. First, we hypothesized that CTO longitudinally predicts higher SWB (H1). Second, we theorized that beneficence, a sense of having a prosocial impact on others, would mediate the CTO-SWB link (H2). To test the hypotheses, cross-lagged panel models (CLPMs) were conducted. Our hypotheses were supported by the data. The results of Model 1 show that CTO prospectively predicts higher SWB, thus confirming the first hypothesis. Model 2 shows that CTO prospectively predicts higher SWB indirectly through the mediation of beneficence, which supports our second hypothesis. The implications of the findings of this study and suggestions for future research are discussed from an evolutionary perspective., Author(s): Xavier Oriol [sup.1] , Jesús Unanue [sup.2] , Wenceslao Unanue [sup.3] Author Affiliations: (1) https://ror.org/01xdxns91, grid.5319.e, 0000 0001 2179 7512, Research Institute on Quality of Life, University of Girona, [...]

Three experiments were designed to investigate the effect of regulatory fit based on regulatory mode on advice taking. Experiments 1a and 1b used the integral manipulation method to explore whether the fit of participants' regulatory mode with advisors' advice-giving strategies improves participants' willingness to accept advice. Experiment 2 used the incidental manipulation method to explore whether regulatory fit has a delayed effect and can cause decision-makers to accept low-quality advice. The results showed the following: (1) Decision-makers are more willing to take advice when they have regulatory fit with advisors' advice-deriving strategies compared with nonfit conditions. (2) Regulatory fit has a delayed effect on advice taking, and it significantly improves the degree of advice taking even in the context of low-quality advice., Author(s): Xiufang Du [sup.1] , Qiaona Jia [sup.2] , Fang Li [sup.2] , Jing Wang [sup.2] , Gongxiang Chen [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) https://ror.org/02mjz6f26, grid.454761.5, 0000 0004 1759 9355, School [...]

Author(s): Eva Bänninger-Huber [sup.1] , Stefan Salvenauer [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) https://ror.org/054pv6659, grid.5771.4, 0000 0001 2151 8122, Institute of Psychology, University of Innsbruck, , Innrain 52, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria For [...]

This two-year follow-up study examined the predictive relationships of theory of mind (ToM) to social interaction by reciprocal social behaviors (RSBs) and social functioning (SF) in 106 children with ASD. The results of the path analysis showed that the earlier ToM predicted children's current component RSBs (B = 3.53, SE = 1.86, p = 0.039) and the current SF (B = 1.79-1.87, SE = 0.03-0.34, p < 0.001). The aloof and passive social interaction styles predicted fewer turn-taking of RSBs (B = - 48.77 to - 111.17, p < 0.001) and fewer components of RSBs (B = - 36.30 to - 81.41, p < 0.001). This finding provides empirical evidence that ToM predicts social interaction in children with ASD., Author(s): Hsiu-Man Chiu [sup.1] [sup.2] , Cheng-Te Chen [sup.3] , Ching-Hong Tsai [sup.4] , Hsing-Jung Li [sup.4] , Chin-Chin Wu [sup.5] [sup.6] , Chien-Yu Huang [sup.7] [sup.8] [sup.9] , Kuan-Lin [...]

Given the widespread use of collaborative learning as an instructional practice in education, our study focuses on teamwork engagement, a key factor influencing the success of collaborative efforts. We use a longitudinal multi-level approach to test the impact of social context and engagement in student groups and examine the effect of social interdependence and type of humor on teamwork engagement. We collected data at six-time lags in a sample of 435 students organized in 97 groups. Our results show that positive interdependence has a positive influence on teamwork engagement, while negative interdependence as well as social independence have a negative effect on teamwork engagement. Moreover, affect mediates the influence of affiliative and aggressive humor communication on teamwork engagement. Practical implications are discussed., Author(s): Andreea Gheorghe [sup.1] , Oana Catalina Fodor [sup.1] , Petru Lucian Curòeu [sup.1] [sup.2] , Sabina Trif [sup.1] , Lavinia Cirebea [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.7399.4, 0000 0004 1937 [...]

This study aimed to determine how materialism is related to relationship quality, as conceptualised across multiple levels, including an individual's relationship to self (self-esteem and attachment), relationships with others (family, peers and intimate partners) and relationships in the broader social context (online and community). Young adults between 18 and 30 years of age (N = 205) completed an online self-report questionnaire that assessed materialism, self-esteem and attachment style, as well as a number of relationship variables of interest. Data were analysed using bivariate correlations and regression analyses. Lower self-esteem, anxious attachment and poorer quality of family relationships predicted higher levels of materialism (p < .05), even after controlling for demographic and socio-economic variables (p < .05), with self-esteem showing the strongest association. These findings were interpreted within a developmental framework that posits a central role for the individual's early relationships and immediate environment in the etiology of materialism, although future longitudinal studies are needed to test this theory explicitly., Author(s): Jiayuan Zhao [sup.1] [sup.2] , Marc S. Tibber [sup.3] , Stephen Butler [sup.4] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.24696.3f, 0000 0004 0369 153X, The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders [...]

Studies have proposed that individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can be divided into several subtypes depending on their sensory features. However, consideration of social communication features is also crucial for configuring ASD subtypes, because social and sensory features are tightly interrelated. In this study, we asked Japanese individuals with ASD to answer the Short Sensory Profile (SSP) and the Social Responsiveness Scale, Second Edition (SRS-2), which measure sensory and social aspects, respectively. Consequent latent profile analysis demonstrated that the participants could be divided into five subgroups: two groups exhibited opposite or inconsistent patterns between the SSP and SRS-2 scores, while the other groups exhibited consistent patterns. Our findings indicate the existence of diverse phenotypes in individuals with ASD., Author(s): Ayako Kaneko [sup.1] [sup.2] [sup.3] [sup.7] , Remi Ohshima [sup.4] , Haruka Noda [sup.1] [sup.2] [sup.5] , Tomoko Matsumaru [sup.6] , Ryoichiro Iwanaga [sup.5] , Masakazu Ide [sup.1] [sup.7] [...]

Cross-cultural psychology suggests that interpersonal harmony pursuit is more strongly related to health and well-being in interdependent cultures, but less is known about the effect of culture on motivation to pursue interpersonal harmony. Employing a mixed-method design, this study investigated how pursuit of interpersonal harmony emerges from Japanese (n = 154) and U.S. participants' (n = 113) freely-listed personal goals and whether culture shapes motivation to pursue interpersonal harmony. Participants listed eight of their current strivings and evaluated their intrinsic, identified, introjected, and extrinsic reasons to pursue each goal. Results revealed that, compared to other types of goals, U.S. participants pursued interpersonal harmony goals for more intrinsic reasons, while Japanese pursued interpersonal harmony goals for more extrinsic reasons. Overall, this study reveals that culture shapes motivation to pursue interpersonal harmony and hints at the importance of distinguishing between different reasons for interpersonal harmony goal pursuit across cultures., Author(s): Claudia Gherghel [sup.1] , Daisuke Akamatsu [sup.2] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.412160.0, 0000 0001 2347 9884, Mori Arinori Institute for Higher Education and Global Mobility, Hitotsubashi University, , 2-1 Naka, [...]

Previous cross-sectional studies have suggested that addictive behaviors are associated with life stress; however, limited research has explored the longitudinal associations between problematic mobile phone use (PMPU) and academic stress from a developmental perspective. According to relevant theory (e.g., the stress hypothesis, compensatory Internet use theory, and self-determination theory), depression is thought to potentially mediate this association and interpersonal relationships might further play a moderating role. To examine the mediating roles of depression and the moderating role of interpersonal relationships between academic stress and PMPU, the method of longitudinal structural equation modeling was adopted. A total of 642 Chinese adolescents were recruited to complete four psychological tests at three 6-month intervals over 1.5 years. The results indicated that depression partially mediated the association between academic stress and PMPU ([beta] = 0.232, p < 0.001; [beta] = 0.220, p < 0.001; 95% CI = [0.154, 0.286]), and higher quality interpersonal relationships could attenuate the potential harmful effects of academic stress on PMPU through depression ([beta] = -0.080, p < 0.01, 95% CI = [-0.137, -0.022]). Overall, our findings address the issue of how and when academic stress predicts time-lagged PMPU, which could enhance theoretical understanding and practical intervention over time., Author(s): Xiantong Yang [sup.1] , Ru-De Liu [sup.1] , Yi Ding [sup.2] , Wei Hong [sup.1] , Zien Ding [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.20513.35, 0000 0004 1789 9964, Beijing Key [...]

Social affective touch is an important aspect of close relationships in humans. It has been also observed in many non-human primate species. Despite the high relevance of behaviours like embraces for personal wellbeing and mental health, they remain vastly under-investigated in psychology. This may be because psychology often relies on a limited repertoire of behavioural measurements such as error rates and reaction time measurements. These are, however, insufficient to capture the multidimensional complexity of highly interactive dyadic behaviours like embraces. Based on recent advances in computational ethology in animal models, the rapidly emerging field of human computational ethology utilizes an accessible repertoire of machine learning methods to track and quantify complex natural behaviours. We highlight how such techniques can be utilized to investigate social touch and which preliminary conditions, motor aspects and higher-level interactions need to be considered. Ultimately, integration of computational ethology with mobile neuroscience techniques such as ultraportable EEG systems will allow for an ecologically valid investigation of social affective touch in humans that will advance psychological research of emotions., Author(s): Sebastian Ocklenburg [sup.1] [sup.2] [sup.3] , Julian Packheiser [sup.4] , Guillermo Hidalgo-Gadea [sup.3] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.461732.5, Department of Psychology, MSH Medical School Hamburg, , Am Kaiserkai 1, 20457, [...]

The extant literature has indicated that comparison with high-performers could lead to negative emotions and behaviors among colleagues (including superiors). In contrast, other researchers also demonstrated that comparison can effectively motivate low-performance employees to work hard. In this study, we apply the temporal dimension to social comparison to explore how temporal social comparison influences the actor's coping behaviors. A scenario experiment and a three-wave questionnaire survey study show that the performance temporal social comparison (PTSC) can lead to the actor's social undermining towards the target (leveling-down) and effectively promote the actor's self-improvement (leveling-up) simultaneously. Based on the cognitive appraisal theory of stress, we have further tested the significant mediating effects of challenge/hindrance stress. We also find that the actor's general self-efficacy is an essential individual characteristic that affects stress perceptions and moderates the indirect effects of PSTC on different coping behaviors. Overall, our findings enrich the social comparisons theory development and provide critical managerial implications for high-potential talent management., Author(s): Jinfan Zhou [sup.1] , Yuanfang Zhan [sup.2] , Huan Cheng [sup.2] , Guanglei Zhang [sup.3] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.41156.37, 0000 0001 2314 964X, School of Business, Nanjing University, , [...]

The present study examined the relationship between perceived parental acceptance-rejection and fear of intimacy; explored psychological maladjustment and interpersonal relationship anxiety as mediators of this relationship; and examined whether the patterns of relations between perceived parental acceptance-rejection, psychological maladjustment, and fear of intimacy were similar across the cultural contexts of the U.S.A. and Guatemala. Participants (N = 196) were college students from Guatemala (n = 96; 77.6% female) and the U.S. (n = 100; 70% female). Results indicate that in both cultural contexts, perceived maternal rejection was associated with interpersonal relationship anxiety, and perceived paternal acceptance-rejection was associated with psychological maladjustment. However, only in the U.S.A. were both maternal and paternal rejection associated with fear of intimacy. Further, we found that perceived rejection from mothers and fathers was indirectly associated with greater fear of intimacy via greater psychological maladjustment in the U.S.A. sample. Findings suggest the importance of parent-child interactions on later outcomes, and the need to ensure that children feel warmth and acceptance for positive interpersonal relationships and adjustment later in life., Author(s): Brien K. Ashdown [sup.1] , Carrie M. Brown [sup.2] , Amanda N. Faherty [sup.3] , Abigail A. Camden [sup.2] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.257037.4, Department of Psychological Science, Hobart & [...]

Pathological narcissism is associated with problematic interpersonal behaviours. Because of the high need for external validation in pathological narcissism, the experience of loneliness may exacerbate the relationship between pathological narcissism and interpersonal problems. Moreover, these interpersonal problems may contribute to psychological distress, potentially accounting for the association between pathological narcissism and psychological distress symptoms. The present study was aimed at examining whether loneliness moderated the association between pathological narcissism and interpersonal sensitivity, ambivalence, and aggression problems--and whether these interpersonal problems mediated the narcissism-distress association. Using self-report, cross-sectional data from a sample of 248 Canadian community members (73.5% female; average age 25.8 ± 10.5 years), significant interactions were found between pathological narcissism and loneliness--indicating moderation--in relation to interpersonal sensitivity problems, B = .07, SE = .02, t = 3.21, p = .002, and interpersonal aggression, B = .07, SE = .03, t = 2.66, p = .009. Conditional process modelling indicated significant moderated mediation--moderated by loneliness--of the relationship between pathological narcissism and distress symptoms through interpersonal sensitivity, index = .20, SE = .12, 95% CI[.02, .47], and aggression, index = .21, SE = .11, 95% CI[.02, .46]. The findings suggest that as individuals high in pathological narcissism experience more loneliness, they are more likely to evince greater sensitivity and aggressive interpersonal problems, which may in turn influence severity of distress symptoms., Author(s): David Kealy [sup.1] , Sarah Woolgar [sup.1] [sup.2] , Jackson M. A. Hewitt [sup.1] , Daniel W. Cox [sup.2] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.17091.3e, 0000 0001 2288 9830, Department of [...]

The aim of this study is to investigate three dispositions relating to ridicule, namely gelotophobia (the fear of being laughed at), gelotophilia (the joy people feel when they themselves are laughed at) and katagelasticism (the joy felt when laughing at other people). A sample of young Italian adults were questioned about how satisfied they were with their social life, their coping strategies when faced with difficulties and their interpersonal dimensions (specifically their parental attachment style). Three hundred and eleven undergraduate students (mean age 20.2 years) were asked to self report on their disposition toward ridicule (the PhoPhiKat questionnaire), their coping strategies (the Echelle Toulousaine de Coping questionnaire), their interpersonal dimensions relating to parental attachment (the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment scale), and their degree of satisfaction with their social life (by means of a specific questionnaire). Two main results emerged. The first (in line with previous literature) revealed that a highly satisfactory social life is associated with low levels of gelotophobia and high levels of attachment to both parents. The second main result was that gelotophiles reported principally using control strategies to cope with difficulties, whereas gelotophobes mostly resorted to social support and withdrawal strategies when faced with problematic situations. The research provides new information on these three dispositions toward ridicule in early adulthood which represents a turning point in an individual's transition from late adolescence to adulthood., Author(s): Carla Canestrari [sup.1] , Angelo Carrieri [sup.1] , Gonzalo Del Moral [sup.2] , Alessandra Fermani [sup.1] , Morena Muzi [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.8042.e, 0000 0001 2188 0260, Department [...]

Negative symptoms are core features of schizophrenia. Their importance is significant because of their harmful effects, starting insidiously before positive symptoms. Good knowledge of these symptoms and their mediating variables in the general population is necessary to be able to develop appropriate interventions. To analyze mediation of perception of belonging and social anticipatory pleasure in the relationship between childhood memories of threat, submission and devaluation experiences and negative symptoms according to the continuum hypothesis. The sample evaluated was made up of 921 participants from the general population, with a mean age of 27.96 (SD = 12.76) and middle social class. Analysis resulted in partial mediation, where memories of early life experiences were significant in their relationship with negative symptoms. Perception of belonging was a mediator with medium effect size (d = -0.638), and a small indirect effect size (d = 0.245); anticipatory pleasure was not significant (d = 0.134). When social anhedonia/social withdrawal was included, mediation was partial. Perception of belonging stands out as a mediator with medium effect size (d = -0.547) and small indirect effect size (d = 0.229); the indirect effect of anticipatory pleasure was negligible (d = 0.146). Depressive symptoms were significant covariates in the analyses. Perception of belonging is highlighted due to its relationship with negative symptoms, and probably, as a risk factor for developing or maintaining them. It is a characteristic to be borne in mind in the prevention and design of interventions for negative symptoms (particularly social anhedonia/social withdrawal)., Author(s): Enrique Morillo-Kraus [sup.1] , Eduardo Fonseca-Pedrero [sup.2] , Cristina Senín-Calderón [sup.3] , Juan Fco. Rodríguez-Testal [sup.1] [sup.4] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.9224.d, 0000 0001 2168 1229, Personality, Evaluation and Psychological [...]

Reporting and interpreting effect sizes (ESs) has been recommended by all major bodies within the field of psychology. In this systematic review, we investigated the reporting of ESs in six social-personality psychology journals from 2018, given that this area has been at the center of psychology's replication crisis. Our results highlight that although ES reporting is near perfect (even for follow-up tests), interpreting the magnitude of ESs, including confidence intervals for ESs, and interpreting the precision of the confidence intervals needs development. We also highlight widespread confusion regarding the interpretations of the magnitude of ESs within the context of the research., Author(s): Linda Farmus [sup.1] , Nataly Beribisky [sup.1] , Naomi Martinez Gutierrez [sup.1] , Udi Alter [sup.1] , Emily Panzarella [sup.1] , Robert A. Cribbie [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.21100.32, [...]

The experience of socially aversive events is proposed to be a critical etiological factor in the development of social anxiety symptoms even though the experience itself is also common among healthy individuals. Rather than the event itself, accompanying factors such as maladaptive processing might be associated with higher levels of social anxiety symptoms. One-hundred-seventy-four individuals participated in this online-survey comprising questionnaires regarding social anxiety symptoms and retrospective reports concerning maladaptive processing of the worst socially aversive event. Structural equation modelling was used to analyze the hypothesized mediation of maladaptive processing and fear of negative evaluation by intrusive re-experiencing and social phobic beliefs. The positive association between retrospectively evaluated maladaptive processing after the worst socially aversive event and fear of negative evaluation was mediated by social phobic beliefs but not by intrusive re-experiencing. These results point towards the relevance of further investigating processing strategies after socially aversive events as a potential influencing factor for SAD development. Trial registration. The trial was registered at the German Clinical Trial Register (DRKS00021502) on June 3.sup.rd, 2020., Author(s): Rosa J. Seinsche [sup.1] [sup.2] , Bertram Walter [sup.2] [sup.3] , Susanne Fricke [sup.1] [sup.2] , Marie K. Neudert [sup.1] [sup.2] , Raphaela I. Zehtner [sup.1] [sup.2] , Rudolf [...]

Empathy is considered a multidimensional construct, including cognitive and affective aspects. Among the multidimensional empathy measures, the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) has been widely studied in different cultures. However, neither IRI nor any other empathy questionnaires are translated and validated in the Iranian community. In the first study, we aimed to provide a Farsi version of IRI and examine its psychometric properties. In addition to the conventional method of Confirmatory Factor Analysis, Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling was used to evaluate the structural validity of IRI. Despite the promising internal, convergent, and divergent validity, the 28-item IRI did not show a good fit to the original structure. Hence, exploratory factor analysis was used to create a 16-item IRI, and this measure was evaluated in the second study. The results confirmed that the 16-item IRI is valid in terms of factor analysis (CFI = .903), and internal reliability (Cronbach's alpha in range of .67 to .71). Further, Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling was proved to be superior compared to Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Several questionnaires were used to evaluate the convergent and discriminant validity. Empathic concern was positively correlated with agreeableness and negatively correlated with difficulty in identifying and describing feelings and Machiavellianism. Personal distress was positively correlated with negative affect and negative emotion regulation strategies and negatively correlated with emotional stability. A positive correlation was found between perspective taking and self-esteem, and between fantasy and openness. Females scored higher in empathic concern and personal distress. Finally, good test-retest reliability was found in the intervals of three- (.66 - .86) and six-months (.71 - .84). This measure facilitates the studies conducted in the Iranian community and adds to the literature by assessing the validity of IRI in a different culture. Findings and limitations are discussed with regard to the literature., Author(s): Soroosh Golbabaei [sup.1] , Mina Barati [sup.1] , Morteza Erfani Haromi [sup.1] , Nasim Ghazazani [sup.1] , Khatereh Borhani [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.412502.0, 0000 0001 0686 4748, Institute [...]

Core self-evaluations (CSE) is conceptualized as a higher-order personality construct underpinned by locus of control, self-esteem, self-efficacy, and neuroticism. Studies have shown that CSE predicts a variety of well-being outcomes. Yet, little is known on how CSE relates to well-being in different settings. This study addresses extant research gaps through examining the moderating role of relational mobility on the relationship between CSE and psychological well-being (PWB) among undergraduate students in the U.S. and the Philippines. Results showed that both CSE and relational mobility were positively associated with PWB in both contexts. However, the association between relational mobility and psychological well-being was stronger in the Philippines than in the United States. Across the Filipino and U.S. samples, relational mobility moderated the associations of CSE with PWB such that for those who had higher perceptions of relational mobility, CSE may be linked to higher PWB. The theoretical and practical implications are discussed., Author(s): Jesus Alfonso D. Datu [sup.1] , Patrick J. Rosopa [sup.2] , Jamie M. Fynes [sup.3] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.419993.f, 0000 0004 1799 6254, Department of Special Education and Counselling, [...]

There is ample evidence suggesting that restrained eating behaviors are very common during adolescence. In most research, restrained eating is represented by an overall score, limiting our understanding of the latent individual heterogeneity in restrained eating behaviors. The main purpose of current study was to investigate patterns of restrained eating and explore its association with multiple interpersonal factors (family, peer and school) in a sample of 552 adolescents (46% females, aged 11-16 years) from two middle schools in Changsha, China. Latent profile analysis (LPA) revealed that in the best-fitting model, restrained eating formed three profiles of adolescents: 'low restrained eating group' (57.3%), 'moderate restrained eating group' (31.9%), and 'high restrained eating group' (10.8%). The results of multinomial logistic regression showed that these profiles differed on multiple interpersonal factors including parental monitoring, deviant peer affiliation, and peer relationships. The current study is the first to identify patterns of restrained eating in relation to multiple interpersonal contexts, and the results may inform targeted prevention and intervention strategies., Author(s): Sicheng Xiong [sup.1] , Yi Xu [sup.2] , Bin Zhang [sup.1] , Lihui Zhu [sup.3] , Jianhui Xie [sup.3] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.488482.a, 0000 0004 1765 5169, Department of [...]

This study explores the concepts of interpersonal stressors in Chinese organizations and provides new evidence of reliability and validity. The first part of this study develops an indigenous measurement for interpersonal stressors. The second part uses exploratory factor analysis and reliability to determine four distinct dimensions-interpersonal isolation, interpersonal stability, interpersonal struggle, and interpersonal paranoia. The third part conducts confirmatory factor analyses to support the structure of the four factor measurement. Structural equation modeling also demonstrates the predictive validity of the interpersonal stressors on the criterion variables, as interpersonal stressors are the best predictor of job satisfaction, fatigue, and physiological illness. Moreover, this study finds that the relationship between interpersonal stressors and criterion variables is mediated by depressive symptoms, whereas the relationship between interpersonal conflict and criterion variables is mediated by anger. Finally, this study discusses these results in terms of their implications for interpersonal stressors under different cultural contexts., Author(s): Feng-Hsia Kao [sup.1] , Bor-Shiuan Cheng [sup.2] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.412146.4, 0000 0004 0573 0416, Department of Health Care Management, National Taipei University of Nursing and health Sciences, , [...]

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is associated with weaknesses in social communication and interaction but potential strengths in perceptual processing of non-social stimuli. It is unknown to what extent such strengths and weaknesses affect statistical learning (SL), which is the ability to learn statistical regularities from environmental input. Rather than focus on individuals with a diagnosis of ASD, we take a spectrum approach to autism and examine undiagnosed Chinese young adults who either have high or low levels of autistic traits (ATs) as assessed by the Autism-Spectrum Quotient. Experiment 1 incorporated non-social and non-linguistic auditory input (pure tones) whereas Experiment 2 used socially-meaningful input (spoken Chinese disyllables). The results showed a striking dissociation between the different SL tasks. For the non-social stimuli (Experiment 1), both individuals with high and low ATs showed evidence of SL of the input regularities, with the individuals having high levels of ATs showing significantly better performance than those with low levels of ATs. On the other hand, when socially-meaningful stimuli were incorporated (Experiment 2), only the individuals with low ATs showed evidence of SL; the performance of the high ATs group was not significantly different from chance. These findings suggest that ATs differentially affect the learning and processing of non-social and socially-meaningful stimuli, which in turn has implications for clinical interventions for ASD and for individuals with high ATs., Author(s): Xiujun Li [sup.1] , Xueping Bai [sup.1] [sup.2] , Christopher M. Conway [sup.3] , Wendian Shi [sup.1] , Xin Wang [sup.4] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.412531.0, 0000 0001 0701 1077, [...]

Promoting the psychosocial flourishing of emerging adults is crucially important. The tendency to feel awe, as captured by dispositional awe, may be a protective factor that promotes psychosocial flourishing. Inspired by the broaden-and-build theory, the present study sought to investigate the underexplored relationship between dispositional awe and psychosocial flourishing among emerging adults by establishing a dual-mediated model, which focuses on an intrapersonal mechanism of meaning in life and an interpersonal mechanism of social connectedness. Data were collected from a cross-sectional sample of 1213 Chinese emerging adults who completed a series of anonymous questionnaires regarding dispositional awe, psychosocial flourishing, meaning in life, and social connectedness. Results of the correlation analysis revealed positive and significant associations among dispositional awe, meaning in life, social connectedness, and psychosocial flourishing. Structural equation modeling demonstrated that meaning in life and social connectedness fully mediated the association between dispositional awe and psychosocial flourishing. The mediation effect of meaning in life was stronger than that of social connectedness. These findings contributes to the science of flourishing by identifying the internal mechanisms of why dispositional awe promotes the psychosocial flourishing of emerging adults., Author(s): Huanhuan Zhao [sup.1] , Heyun Zhang [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.412531.0, 0000 0001 0701 1077, Department of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, , No.100 Guilin Road, Xuhui District, 200234, Shanghai, [...]

Research on interpersonal capitalization has focused mainly on its positive influence, paying little attention to its dark side. Drawing on affective events theory, we developed a moderated mediation model in which coworkers' workplace interpersonal capitalization affects employees' contact avoidance via anxiety, with prevention focus as a second-stage moderator. Data were collected in two waves from 289 full-time employees of organizations in China and path analysis was used to test our hypotheses. The results demonstrated that anxiety mediated the relationship between coworkers' workplace interpersonal capitalization and employees' contact avoidance. This positive indirect effect was moderated by prevention focus, such that anxiety had a stronger mediating effect when the level of prevention focus was high (vs. low). The findings of this research identified an important factor that can induce anxiety in employees: colleagues' frequent sharing of their good news at work. This may elicit not only anxiety but also contact avoidance in employees, particularly those with a low level of prevention focus. The implications and limitations of the research are discussed., Author(s): Jiamin Li [sup.1] , Yunyang Hu [sup.1] , Maolin Ye [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.258164.c, 0000 0004 1790 3548, School of Management, Jinan University, , Guangzhou, China Introduction People [...]

Humans are a social species with a high degree of information sharing. Character information is transferred between individuals frequently. Making a decision about who to mate with is one of the most consequential choices an individual makes, hence it pays to attend to any cheaply available mate-relevant information on offer. Building on previous research reporting a mating advantage for men romantically associated with women, here we present 3 studies examining the effects of being popular with the opposite sex. In all three studies men and women were presented with (and asked to evaluate) visual profiles of individuals of the opposite sex. Study 1 (N = 294) found that both men and women evaluate a man as more creative and socially skilled when he is attractive, and that women regard him as having higher mate value when his female friends are attractive. Study 2 (N = 233) found that men, but not women, considered profiles that were highly popular with the opposite sex to be more desirable. Study 3 (N = 765) found that neither men's nor women's desirability ratings of opposite-sex others were influenced by how popular that individual was with members of the opposite sex. It was concluded that while both men and women can be influenced by social information implicitly offered by others, this phenomenon is quite nuanced. Several possible theoretical and methodological explanations are considered, adding valuable knowledge to the existing body of research about mate copying propensity., Author(s): Ryan C. Anderson [sup.1] , Beatriz Escobar [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.1002.3, 0000 0004 1936 7857, School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing, & Health Sciences, Monash University, [...]

Mindfulness has been considered as a positive psychological trait that contributes to psychological well-being. This study investigated the mediating role of social connectedness and self-esteem in the link between mindfulness and psychological well-being. In this study, a sample of eight hundred and fifty-one students from three Chinese universities were selected to participate in the study. Participants filled in the questionnaires for mindfulness, social connectedness, self-esteem, and psychological well-being. Findings of the path analysis indicated social connectedness and self-esteem performed as a mediating role in the link between mindfulness and psychological well-being. In addition, the bootstrapping procedure demonstrated that the indirect effects of mindfulness on psychological well-being through social connectedness and self-esteem were significant. The study provides valuable implications to apply psychological interventions to improve students' psychological well-being., Author(s): Abaid Ur Rehman [sup.1] [sup.2] , Xuqun You [sup.1] , Ziyu Wang [sup.1] , Feng Kong [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.412498.2, 0000 0004 1759 8395, School of Psychology, Shaanxi [...]

Interpersonal citizenship behaviors (ICB) act as social glue and facilitate processes in the everchanging and fast paced rhythm of today's work context. They also have the potential to spark an upward spiral of positivity, vigor, connectedness and reciprocity that would be beneficial to any organization. Research on its antecedents is therefore needed. Two studies were conducted using cross-sectional designs and structural equation modeling to examine the role of obsessive (OP) and harmonious (HP) passion for work (Dualistic model of passion; Vallerand et al., 2003 (See CR103)) as antecedents of Task (T-ICB) and Person (P-ICB) focused interpersonal citizenship behaviors (Settoon & Mossholder, 2002 (See CR90)), as well as potential contextual, motivational and relational mediators and moderators affecting this role. Results show that HP is positively correlated to both types of ICB via the influence of relationship quality (Study 1 and 2), while OP only has a direct positive relationship with T-ICB (Study 1). Our results extend current knowledge on the Dualistic model of passion by demonstrating that obsessive passion can lead to positive work-related outcomes by facilitating specific helping behaviors at work. These findings shed new light on how and why passionate workers may help their coworkers, and how obsessive and harmonious passion differ in accomplishing this., Author(s): François-Albert Laurent [sup.1] , Nathalie Houlfort [sup.1] , Katherine Malchelosse [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.38678.32, 0000 0001 2181 0211, Psychology Department, Université du Québec à Montréal, , C.P. 8888, [...]

Although many empirical studies have aimed to find variances in positive mental health among different groups and the relationship between mental health and other variables, few studies examined the developmental trend of mental health levels and the cross-lagged relationship between self-efficacy, social rhythm, and mental health. Furthermore, few of them explored the interrelationship between self-efficacy and social rhythm among college students over time. This study thus aimed to clarify the longitudinal cross-lagged relationship between self-efficacy, social rhythm, and positive mental health among college students. A total of 764 students (627 females, mean age 21.03 ± 0.84 years at T1) participated in a 3-year-long study (T1, T2, T3) and were asked to complete the General Self-Efficacy, the Brief Social Rhythm, and the Positive Mental Health Scales. The results indicate that the development of positive mental health among college students showed an upward trend during those 3 years. There was a significant relationship between positive mental health, social rhythm, and self-efficacy. Positive mental health and social rhythm significantly predicted self-efficacy in the following year. Positive mental health in T2 could predict both T3 social rhythm marginally and T3 self-efficacy significantly. However, T1 social rhythm was not indirectly associated with T3 mental health via T2 self-efficacy, and T1 self-efficacy was not indirectly associated with T3 mental health via T2 social rhythm. This finding clarified the relationship between positive mental health, self-efficacy, and social rhythm, and provided evidence that positive mental health is the basis for self-efficacy and social rhythm among young adults. Therefore, school psychologists in universities should pay close attention to the positive mental health of young adults to form high levels of self-efficacy and social rhythm., Author(s): Qiongcui Huang [sup.1] , Xueqian Wang [sup.1] [sup.2] , Yongjing Ge [sup.1] [sup.3] , Dan Cai [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.412531.0, 0000 0001 0701 1077, Education College, Shanghai Normal [...]

In this brief report, we examined (N = 449; 50.1% men) the role of the Dark Tetrad traits (i.e., psychopathy, sadism, narcissism, and Machiavellianism) and Fundamental Social Motives (i.e., social bonds, status, safety, mate-seeking, mate-retention, pathogen avoidance, family, and autonomy) in relation to self-reported perpetration of cyberstalking short-term and long-term intimate partners. Women were more likely to cyberstalk long-term partners, those with higher levels of Dark Tetrad traits were more likely to cyberstalk their partners regardless of relationship context, and Fundamental Social Motives only played a minor role. Results highlight the importance of exploring intimate partner cyberstalking across different relationship contexts., Author(s): Evita March [sup.1] , Piotr Szymczak [sup.2] , Melissa Smoker [sup.3] , Peter K. Jonason [sup.1] [sup.4] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.1040.5, 0000 0001 1091 4859, Federation University Australia, , [...]

Interpersonal Emotion regulation has become an important research topic in emotional studies. In this study, we examined the psychometric properties of the interpersonal emotion regulation questionnaire (IERQ) in the nonclinical and clinical populations. Data were drawn from two studies. One study was conducted in a general population (N = 428) and the other in a clinical setting with individuals diagnosed with emotional disorders (N = 220). To assess the convergent validity of IERQ in the first study, questionnaires assessing emotion regulation, anxiety, depression, attachment style, and emotional intelligence were also conducted. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) results showed that the four-factor model of the IERQ fit the data in the nonclinical sample and emotional disorders sample well. The IERQ questionnaire showed excellent internal consistency for all subscales in the nonclinical and clinical samples. Test-retest reliability analysis also showed high levels of test-retest reliability in the nonclinical sample. The convergent validity results demonstrated the significant relationship of IERQ with almost all measures assessing emotion regulation, anxiety, depression, attachment style, and emotional intelligence. Findings of discriminant validity showed significant differences between the clinical and nonclinical population in subscales of IERQ, but there are not any significant differences between clinical groups in these subscales. The convenience sampling method was used for the first sample, and some measures could not be used in the clinical samples, and some analyses could not be conducted in this sample. Furthermore, limited emotional disorder diagnostics were included in the clinical sample, and a large number of disorders were not considered. Thus, the generalizability of our findings is limited. Overall, the current study provided evidence supporting the reliability and validity of IERQ in the Iranian community and emotional disorders samples and pave the way for further cross-cultural research on IER., Author(s): Imaneh Abasi [sup.1] , Stefan G Hofmann [sup.2] , Sara Kamjou [sup.3] , Latif Moradveisi [sup.4] , Afsaneh Vosoughi Motlagh [sup.3] , Avigal Snir Wolf [sup.2] , Sara Sobhani [...]

Teachers' intrinsic motivation for their work supports a host of adaptive outcomes for teachers and students. In this study, we examined novel predictive pathways linking teachers' emotional intelligence, psychological need satisfaction within their workplace relationships (i.e., with students, colleagues, and principal), and their intrinsic motivation for their work. Australian high school physical education teachers (N = 110) reported their emotional intelligence, need satisfaction within their relationships with students, colleagues, and their principal, and their intrinsic motivation for teaching. Multiple mediation analyses revealed that emotional intelligence directly and positively predicted all relationship need satisfaction variables, and indirectly predicted greater intrinsic motivation via student-focused relationship need satisfaction. These findings contribute to our knowledge about emotional intelligence among high school teachers, and may provide practical insight into potential strategies-grounded in emotional intelligence frameworks-for supporting teachers' relationship-specific need satisfaction and motivation at work., Author(s): Barbara E. Bechter [sup.1] , Peter R. Whipp [sup.2] , James A. Dimmock [sup.3] , Ben Jackson [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.1012.2, 0000 0004 1936 7910, The University of [...]

The purpose of this study was to explore the longitudinal links between interpersonal competences and loneliness in Chinese college students. Participants were N = 623 undergraduate students (M.sub.age = 20.34 years, SD.sub.age = 1.28 years; 42.5% males) from Shanghai, P.R. China, which were followed over two years, with half a year apart. The Interpersonal Competence Questionnaire (ICQ) and the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) Loneliness Scale were used to measure interpersonal competences and loneliness at each time point. Results indicated that as compared with the unidirectional model, the bidirectional model represented the best fit for the data. Within this model, after controlling for the stability of the variables, interpersonal competences directly contributed to later decreases in loneliness and loneliness directly led to decreases in interpersonal competences from Time 1 to Time 3, but not from Time 3 to Time 4. There is a bidirectional relationship between college students' interpersonal competences and loneliness. Higher interpersonal competences can mitigate later loneliness, and higher loneliness can also weaken later interpersonal competences., Author(s): Ren Lijie [sup.1] , Mo Bibo [sup.2] , Li Dan [sup.2] , Liu Junsheng [sup.3] [sup.4] , Amanda Bullock [sup.3] , Yuan Muzi [sup.3] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.496803.0, 0000 [...]

Social media technology provides users with opportunities to search and share information, purchase products, and communicate with others. Companies can also build relationships with users, conduct marketing activities, and sell their products through social media networks. The theory of social networks provides a basis for how social ties facilitate users' behavior intention in the social commerce context. In this paper, by integrating theories of the social network and information sharing, we develop a model to explore how social ties impact users' purchase intention and information sharing intention, the mediating effect of perceived information quality and perceived information incredibility and the moderating effect of professionalism. A survey of 455 users from social network platforms shows that the strength of social ties enhances the perceived information quality and information incredibility, and thereby facilitates the purchase intention and information sharing intention. These findings confirm the positive moderating effect of professionalism on the relationship between the strength of social ties and purchase intention. This paper contributes to the social ties and information sharing literature and opens the black box of users' decision-making in the social network context. Collectively, these findings also have an impact on marketers to more effectively target users for spreading content with social media platforms., Author(s): Linbing Sun [sup.1] , Tienan Wang [sup.1] , Feiyang Guan [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.19373.3f, 0000 0001 0193 3564, School of Management, Harbin Institute of Technology, , 92 West [...]

Previous studies indicate that perception of peer norms and school norms regarding intergroup contact can significantly influence children and youth attitudes and behaviours towards outgroup members. Additionally, school climate can also play an important role in shaping quality of intergroup relations. The present study examines the role of peer and school norms regarding intergroup contact and school climate in explaining majority and minority pupils' self-reported prosocial outgroup behaviour in different types of public schools from four different multi-ethnic contexts in Croatia. Pupils (N = 1568; average age M = 15.04) attending ethnic majority, minority and mixed schools participated in this study. Results demonstrate that positive peer and school norms regarding intergroup contact as well as the lower level of ethnicity-based conflicts are associated with more self-reported outgroup prosocial behaviour. Furthermore, findings indicate a moderation effect of group status whereby the effect of quality of relationships and connectedness in school is observed for majority pupils only. The findings also indicate a moderation effect of school type and the stronger effect of peer norms on self-reported outgroup prosocial behaviour of pupils in mixed schools. The results are discussed from the perspective of current literature review and potential educational implications., Author(s): Tea Pavin Ivanec [sup.1] , Dinka Corkalo Biruski [sup.2] , Lana Pehar [sup.2] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.4808.4, 0000 0001 0657 4636, Faculty of Teacher Education, University of Zagreb, , [...]

Whilst child abuse experiences can often be found among prisoners, whether they would co-exist with emotional suppression to influence interpersonal sensitivity and psychiatric co-morbidity is unknown. 428 prisoners from three prisons in Anhui and Guangdong, China, were recruited from January to March 2020. They completed questionnaires measuring child abuse experiences, emotional suppression, interpersonal sensitivity and psychiatric co-morbidity. Latent profile analysis supported a three-profile solution: Profile one prisoners had the highest levels of child abuse with a tendency not to suppress distressing emotions (a high-abuse group). Profile two had the lowest levels of child abuse with a tendency to suppress emotions (a low-abuse group 1). Profile three prisoners were similar to Profile two except that the former experienced significantly higher physical and emotional abuse levels than did profile two (a low-abuse group 2). Profile one showed significantly higher levels of fragile inner self and depression than the other two profiles. They also reported significantly higher levels of interpersonal sensitivity and co-morbid psychiatric symptoms, except social dysfunction, than profile two individuals. Profile three prisoners reported significantly higher levels of most interpersonal sensitivity and co-morbid psychiatric symptoms than profile two individuals. The severity of child abuse experiences and tendency to suppress or express emotional distress can affect levels of interpersonal difficulties and psychological distress among Chinese prisoners., Author(s): Zilan Ye [sup.1] , Man Cheung Chung [sup.1] , Xiaohua Di [sup.2] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.10784.3a, 0000 0004 1937 0482, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, , Hong Kong, [...]

Based on construal level theory and regret theory, this study examines scenarios involving the selection of job offers to explore the influence of social reference points on self-other risk decision-making. Experiment 1 verified the role of social reference points playing in risk decision-making. Experiment 2 further verified the influence of social reference points on self-other risky decision-making. The results from two experiments showed that (1) In making decisions for themselves in the context of upward social reference point and downward social reference points, participants showed more risky behavior than in the presence of non-social reference points and (2) Upward and downward social reference points had an important impact on self-other risk decision-making. When under the influence of upward social reference points, participants were more risk averse when advising to strangers than when making decisions for themselves. Simultaneously, the act of making decisions for themselves more closely reflected the act of giving advice to close friends than the act of giving advice to strangers., Author(s): Dawei Wang [sup.1] , Mengmeng Zhou [sup.1] , Liping Zhu [sup.1] , Yixin Hu [sup.1] , Yuxi Shang [sup.2] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.410585.d, 0000 0001 0495 1805, School of [...]

This study aimed to measure tripartite group area using motion capture systems and investigated whether group area could be used as a measure of pre-school children's social interactions. In Experiment 1, two typically developing girls and an adult staff member engaged in free play. In Experiment 2, two typically developing boys and two adult staff members played balloon volleyball. Both experiments had three types of measures: subjective evaluation of whether participants played together, social behaviours (e.g. eye contact for Experiment 1 and balloon tosses for Experiment 2) and group area. Results showed that group area was significantly and negatively related to subjective evaluation in Experiment 2, whereas we observed no relationship between subjective evaluation and group area in Experiment 1. Overall, however, only a low correlation was observed between subjective evaluation and group area in Experiment 2. Furthermore, there were strong sequential associations between subjective evaluation and social behaviour, rather than between subjective evaluation and group area. Although group area as an index of social interactions is less accurate than behavioural data directly observed by humans, it may be worth using as a low-cost preliminary measure, since it can be automatically calculated using motion capture systems., Author(s): Masashi Tsukamoto [sup.1] [sup.2] , Airi Tsuji [sup.3] [sup.4] , Satoru Sekine [sup.5] [sup.6] , Takahide Omori [sup.7] , Kenji Suzuki [sup.3] , Junichi Yamamoto [sup.7] Author Affiliations: (1) [...]

Moving in synchrony with one another is a fundamental mechanism that maintains human social bonds. Yet, not all individuals are equally likely to coordinate their behaviors with others. The degree of interpersonal coordination is greatly influenced by pre-existing characteristics of the interacting partners, like the cultural homogeneity of a group, shared goals, and the likability of the other person. Considering that most research questions necessitate an experimental set-up without such uncontrolled biases, we created a novel, unbiased paradigm: a human-avatar body sway synchronization paradigm. Participants' body sway was measured by a force plate while being exposed to a medio-laterally moving avatar. Forty-nine participants were tested in a social condition (motionless vs. moving avatar) and a non-social control condition (motionless vs. moving column). The results revealed that participants increased their body sway on their medio-lateral axis while the avatar was moving. The participants did not increase their body sway in the non-social control condition, indicating that the participant's movement was not simply caused by a basal motion perception process. The current study builds a methodological fundament that can help to reduce biases due to pre-existing rapport between interaction partners and serves as a valuable experimental paradigm for future synchrony studies., Author(s): Clara Scheer [sup.1] , Lisa Horn [sup.2] , Petra Jansen [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.7727.5, 0000 0001 2190 5763, Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Regensburg, , Universitätsstraße 31, [...]

Although emotion regulation (ER) covers both intrapersonal and interpersonal emotion regulation (IER) strategies that individuals employ to adjust their different emotional experiences, studies have mainly focused on intrapersonal aspects of ER. However, recent studies have focused on interpersonal aspects of ER and have given cue about the importance of implications of such interactions. This study sought to explore the impact of the interaction of maladaptive intrapersonal ER strategies with interpersonal ER strategies on the fear of negative evaluation. With this aim, a community sample of 299 (236 females, M = 27.02, SD = 11.97) Turkish individuals completed an online survey composed of scales assessing IER, maladaptive cognitive ER, and fear of negative evaluation. The moderation analysis showed the interactive effect of soothing and maladaptive cognitive ER on fear of negative evaluation. Specifically, utilization of soothing habitually as an IER strategy is associated with greater fear of being negatively evaluated for individuals who seldom engage in maladaptive cognitive ER strategies (e.g., rumination). The findings point out the maladaptive function of soothing as an ER strategy for the sensitivity to negative social evaluations., Author(s): Ayse Altan-Atalay [sup.1] , Elçin Ray-Yol [sup.2] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.15876.3d, 0000000106887552, Department of Psychology, Koç University, , Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, 34450, Istanbul, Turkey (2) grid.34429.38, 0000 0004 1936 [...]