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Research on face impressions has often focused on a fixed, universal architecture, treating regional variability as noise. Here, we demonstrated a crucial yet neglected role of cultural learning processes in forming face impressions. In Study 1, we found that variability in the structure of adult perceivers’ face impressions across 42 world regions ( N = 287,178) could be explained by variability in the actual personality structure of people living in those regions. In Study 2, data from 232 world regions ( N = 307,136) revealed that adult perceivers use the actual personality structure learned from their local environment to form lay beliefs about personality, and these beliefs in turn support the structure of perceivers’ face impressions. Together, these results suggest that people form face impressions on the basis of a conceptual understanding of personality structure that they have come to learn from their regional environment. The findings suggest a need for greater attention to the regional and cultural specificity of face impressions.

Objective: To map the roles, responsibilities, criteria for evaluating performance, and characteristics of effective leadership among chairs and other principals of meetings where the goal is to reach a consensus-based decision. Introduction: The processes of peers evaluating grant applications to allocate research funding is considered essential to the discourse of science 2 3. Yet the process is increasingly questioned, and prone to bias. Furthermore, the structure and interactions of peer review committees is not always equitable. Inclusion criteria: Studies that report on leadership roles within consensus decision committees that follow a similar process to the grant peer review process, across organizations that are tied to funding directives. This review will include studies from a range of disciplines; health science, biomedicine, education, psychology, management research, law, ethics and policy. Methods: With the help of a medical librarian, we will create comprehensive search strategies using a range of bibliographic databases, citation indexes and websites. We will search the websites of academic bodies (e.g., learned societies) and other web sources of information (e.g., management research organizations) to locate grey papers. Two independent reviewers will screen abstracts and subsequently full-text articles, to identify potentially eligible studies for inclusion. This scoping review will report on the roles, responsibilities and potential performance indicators of consensus decision committees that follow a similar process to grant peer review.

This review aims to map the map the theoretical-methodological application of Symbolic Interactionism and Grounded Theory in research on health care for children and adolescents.

The aim of the study is to investigate the impact of avatar age and degree of avatar realism on their perceived social attractiveness and likelihood of selecting for self-representation in social augmented reality (AR), as perceived by users of three different age groups (young adults, middle-age adults, older adults).

Meat & Greet: Assessing reaction on social media content and examining the influence of dyadic communication on meat consumption attitudes

Preregistration of an experience sampling study about communication technologies, stress, and availability.

In this project, we will examine the relationship between different co-worker support network structures and graduate student well-being and productivity.

The study is part of a data donation project in which secondary school children will fill out questions on their dietary and pro-environmental behavior and donate WhatsApp and Instagram data. Based on the Instagram data, weighted social networks of the classrooms will be constructed. These will be used to test the effect of the social network on adolescents' pro-environmental behaviors.

An online scenario-based experiment to investigate gossip and its short-term affective experiences for the gossip participants

We create social accounts for 18/19 year old adults and then act as 16 year olds, 7/8year olds, and struggling 16 year olds. We test three kinds of hypotheses around the following two research questions: RQ1) Do social media recommender algorithms identify children as such after only the first online session based on the individuals’ profile picture, posts, and interests, despite the (unverified) adult age provided at account sign up? RQ2) How do social media recommender algorithms adapt content for mentally struggling minors after one single online session, purely based on their online behavior?

The hypotheses, measures, and analyses described in this pre-registration are part of a larger project called “TalkingDrinks”, which is described in detail in the associated OSF project page. This pre-registration is focused on the following research questions: What are the neural correlates of exposure to diverse types of alcohol-related information? What are the neural mechanisms explaining effects of diverse types of alcohol-related information on drinking urge? The Alcohol Value Task implements a within-subject experiment designed for the fMRI environment to examine differential and cumulative effects of different types of alcohol-related information (e.g. images showing professional and peer-produced pro- and anti-alcohol experiences and marketing). Information about non-alcoholic beverages is presented for comparison purposes. Each participant completes 106 trials (spread across 3 runs) and each trial is structured as follows: - Exposure to a piece of information about alcohol or non-alcoholic beverages - Fixation screen - Exposure to a standardized cue (image of alcoholic or non-alcoholic beverages) - Rating of the urge to consume the beverage displayed in the current cue (1-4) - Fixation screen Each task run begins with a 10 second presentation of an image displaying a scene chosen by the participant as a type of environment in which they would usually drink a lot. Participants are asked to imagine that they are planning to spend time in that context later that day. Key manipulated variables include: - information valence (pro-alcohol, anti-alcohol, non-alcoholic) - information source (professional, peer-produced) - information medium (Google search result, Instagram post) - cue type (high-proof alcoholic beverages (spirits or alcopops), low-proof alcoholic beverages (beer or wine), non-alcoholic beverage) For the purpose of the analyses described in this pre- registration, we will not distinguish between high- and low-proof alcoholic cue trials. The task is customized to each participant, which is described in more detail in the “Design” section. In this pre-registration, we focus on effects of these types of information on self-reported urges to drink alcoholic beverages and neural responses to both the original piece of information and to the subsequently viewed cues. Task materials and detailed descriptions are available through our OSF project page Wiki and linked GitHub repositories.

Speakers are known to accommodate their audience, and these adjustments vary from a “normal” speech register systematically to be shorter, slower, and simpler (Kemper, 1994; Cockrell, 2020). Inappropriate accommodation can diminish the confidence and independence of the older adult (Ryan et al., 1995). This review will outline the linguistic form of speech accommodation for older adults and subsequently reveal further avenues for testing how communication practices shape social behavior and experience in this demographic. This will inform hypotheses about which strategies could improve communicative effectiveness. These findings will be crucial for improving the relational experience of aging adults in daily contact with their caregivers, family, and friends.

This registration contains the questionnaires, data files, and R code to reproduce the study reported in Weis-Rappaport, H., & Kluger, A. N. (in press). The effects of listening with “time-sharing” on psychological safety and social anxiety: The moderating role of narcissism and depression. The Journal of Social Psychology.

The main aim of this study is to examine how adolescents’ online communication with new people they know only from the internet impacts the quality of their offline friendships. We expect that in line with the displacement hypothesis (Kraut et al., 1998; Nie, 2001), online communication with new people negatively impacts the quality of adolescents’ offline friendships. However, indirectly through the formation of new offline friendships, online communication with people met online may also stimulate offline friendship quality.

This study aims to reveal the practices of tolerance between the adherents of Islam and Hinduism when they were engaged in worship at Kemaliq Lingsar, a sacred religious site which is used as a pilgrimage site where both parties pray and perform religious tourism and rituals. Drawing on the interpretive approach, this study found the wisdom of the two religious communities in Lingsar Village, West Lombok Regency, Indonesia. This area exhibits unique strategies for sharing the same pilgrimage site: two communities performing their respective rituals in turn and in unison in the same space with complete understanding. This tolerance practiced in the same ritual site enables a spirit infusion into the two religious communities, promoting cooperation beyond the holy site, marking Kemaliq Lingsar as a magnet of interfaith tolerance. This study encapsulates the importance of public space as a means of communication for religiously diverse communities and provides a model of tolerance between religious groups based on a ritual space, thereby to minimising social conflict and religion-based violence.

Multi-screening, i.e., the simultaneous use of TV and online content, is a widespread media use behavior. Previous studies have mainly found detrimental effects of multi-screening on attention and other cognitive and emotional states of media users. However, these studies have mainly looked at very specific multi-screening situations, so that a generalization of the results is hardly possible. As multi-screening relies on both individual and situational factors, the context is decisive in describing and researching multi-screening on the one hand and to obtain comparable results on the other hand. Therefore, the aim of this project is to develop a typology of multi-screening behavior based on psycho-social and use-related attributes.

This project investigates under which conditions group chat communication via a mobile instant messaging application contributes to a member’s emotional attachment to their group.

The project explores how gender and sexual politics are played out in everyday practice within the extreme right movement, both in terms of the framing of women by the movement, and women’s actions within the movement.

The goal of this survey is to understand the relative importance of different social-emotional competences for the practice of career guidance and counseling.

Extending Ireland et al., (2011), we plan to examine whether linguistic style matching in online dating messages can be used to predict first dates.

One noticeable aspect of emotions is their intensity (e.g., Frijda et al., 1992). The experienced intensity of emotions can have an impact on the well-being and adaptive functioning of individuals (e.g., Gruber, 2011). Well-being is often conceptualized with the experience of positive emotions and the absence of negative emotions (e.g., Diener, 1984). However, this does not indicate that individuals should strive to experience positive emotions as intense as possible and suppress negative emotions. In fact, the experience of very intense positive emotions can be detrimental (Gruber, 2011) as it makes it more likely for a person to engage in high-risk behaviors (e.g., drug use, binge eating; Cyders & Smith, 2008). In addition, Keltner and Buswell (1997) demonstrated that experiencing low levels of embarrassment in response to a social faux pas can impair an individual’s social relationships if they are not stimulated by embarrassment to excuse themselves. Despite the strong consensus on where emotions and their intensity have an impact, there is less consensus on what emotions are. The predominant scientific theories of emotion can be classified into ‘basic emotions’ theories and cognitive appraisal theories. Basic emotions theories hypothesize that there exists a small set of discrete emotions (e.g., fear, happiness) that are psychologically and biologically ‘’basic’’, each recognized in a recurring structure of associated behavioral components (Ekman, 1992). Accordingly, these theories suggest that what we experience as emotions consist of innate and universal mental states (Kowalska & Wróbel, 2017). In contrast to basic emotion theories, cognitive appraisal theories refer to emotions as processes, rather than universal, mental states (Moors et al., 2013). Cognitive appraisal theories hold the core assumption that the interpretation (i.e., appraisal) of a situation explains the elicitation and differentiation in the discrete emotions we use to classify the experience (Siemer et al., 2007). Both appraisals as well as ‘basic’ discrete emotions are often used in emotion induction procedures that work through recall of affect-laden autobiographical memories (e.g., Ellsworth & Smith, 1988). In a typical study, individuals are instructed to recall and write about an episodic memory associated with an intended emotion. This presumably causes individuals to relive that situation which, in turn, increases the probability that they will feel the intended emotion. Previous studies have demonstrated that both appraisals as well as discrete emotions instructions are effective in manipulating emotions in autobiographical recall procedures (e.g., Siemer et al., 2007). However, it remains unclear what the effects of the framing of emotion recall instructions (i.e., appraisal vs. discrete emotion) are on the recaller’s perceived emotion intensity. The perceived recalled emotion intensity is not only assumed to be predicted by the framing of the recall instructions. It is suggested that the emotions associated with autobiographical memories can decrease in intensity as time from the original event increases (e.g., Ritchie & Batteson, 2013). However, it could be argued that the extent to which the intensity fades is not equivalent for emotions associated with positive and negative autobiographical memories. The fading affect bias theory assumes that the intensity of emotions associated with negative events fades faster than emotions associated with positive events. An opposing view is the ‘’bad is stronger than good’’ theory reflected by Baumeister et al. (2001). This theory argues that due to the nature of the self, humans are more prone to remember and focus on negative events (Baumeister et al., 2001). Moreover, when investigating the effects of emotion recall instructions and valence on the recaller’s perception of emotion intensity, a possible interfering factor could be emotion regulation. Recalling emotional experiences can elicit emotions that individuals may want to regulate. Regulating emotions can subsequently influence the intensity of the recalled emotions. Individual’s motivation to use emotion regulation strategies might depend on the valence tone of the recalled emotions (e.g., English et al., 2017). In summary, the current project will be carried out in two parts, both following specific research questions. Part 1 will be guided by the following: RQ1: What are the effects of emotion recall instructions and valence on the recaller’s perception of emotion intensity, and is this effect moderated by trait emotion regulation? Part 2 is concerned with other-perception of the affective texts produced in Part 1 and the agreement between authors and readers. Especially for text, the basic idea underlying this development is that emotions can be traced in texts – on individual words, text fragments, or other linguistic patterns – and that these patterns, produced by authors, can be identified and labelled correctly by an uninvolved reader. However, disparities between self- and other-perceptions have been addressed in a range of research fields: a) regarding audio-visual data, differences between self-annotation and other-annotation of emotions have been observed (e.g., Truong, Neerincx, & Van Leeuwen, 2008); b) regarding the "curse of knowledge" (e.g., Keysar, 1994), which refers to the phenomenon that people tend to be unable to disregard their own knowledge when assessing another person's perspective, which worsens their cognitive and affective empathy; c) regarding the "illusion of transparency" (e.g., Gilovich, Savitsky, & Medvec, 1998), which postulates that people overestimate the intensity of their own emotional expressions, causing a dissonance between intended/assumed communicated emotions and actually communicated emotions. However, an affective text written based on appraisal instructions might lead to a more accurate assessment of an emotional situation of an uninvolved leader since the particular situation responsible for the author's emotion becomes transparent and tangible. In contrast, if an author produces a text based on their own interpretation of an emotion term such as "anger", their description of the event might remain vague, limiting the ability of a reader to take the author's perspective and experience empathy for them. Thus, Part 2 will be guided by the following research questions: RQ2: What are the effects of text emotion recall instructions and text valence on a reader's perception of emotion intensity, and is this effect moderated by trait emotion regulation? RQ3: To what extent does the recaller’s perception of an affective text match a reader’s perception? References: Baumeister, R. F., Bratslavsky, E., Finkenauer, C., & Vohs, K. D. (2001). Bad is Stronger than Good. Review of General Psychology, 5(4), 323–370. https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.5.4.323 Cyders, M. A., & Smith, G. T. (2008). Emotion-based dispositions to rash action: Positive and negative urgency. Psychological Bulletin, 134(6), 807–828. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0013341 Diener, E. (1984). Subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 95(3), 542–575. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.95.3.542 Ekman, P. (1992). An argument for basic emotions. Cognition and Emotion, 6(3–4), 169–200. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699939208411068 Ellsworth, P. C., & Smith, C. A. (1988). From appraisal to emotion: Differences among unpleasant feelings. Motivation and Emotion, 12(3), 271–302. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00993115 English, T., Lee, I. A., John, O. P., & Gross, J. J. (2017). Emotion regulation strategy selection in daily life: The role of social context and goals. Motivation and Emotion, 41(2), 230–242. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-016-9597-z Frijda, N.H., Ortony, A., Sonnemans, J., & Clore, G.L. (1992). The complexity of intensity: Issues concerning the structure of emotion intensity Gruber, J. (2011). Can Feeling Too Good Be Bad? Current Directions in Psychological Science, 20(4), 217–221. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721411414632 Gilovich, T., Savitsky, K., & Medvec, V. H. (1998). The illusion of transparency: Biased assessments of others' ability to read one's emotional states. Journal of personality and social psychology, 75(2), 332. Keltner, D., & Buswell, B. N. (1997). Embarrassment: Its distinct form and appeasement functions. Psychological Bulletin, 122(3), 250–270. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.122.3.250 Keysar, B. (1994). The illusory transparency of intention: Linguistic perspective taking in text. Cognitive psychology, 26(2), 165-208. Kowalska, M., & Wróbel, M. (2017). Basic Emotions. Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28099-8_495-1 Moors, A., Ellsworth, P. C., Scherer, K. R., & Frijda, N. H. (2013). Appraisal Theories of Emotion: State of the Art and Future Development. Emotion Review, 5(2), 119–124. https://doi.org/10.1177/1754073912468165 Ritchie, T. D., & Batteson, T. J. (2013). Perceived changes in ordinary autobiographical events’ affect and visual imagery colorfulness. Consciousness and Cognition, 22(2), 461–470. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2013.02.001 Siemer, M., Mauss, I., & Gross, J. J. (2007). Same situation--Different emotions: How appraisals shape our emotions. Emotion, 7(3), 592–600. https://doi.org/10.1037/1528-3542.7.3.592 Truong, K. P., Neerincx, M. A., & Van Leeuwen, D. A. (2008). Assessing agreement of observer-and self-annotations in spontaneous multimodal emotion data.

This research project aims at exploring the extreme right in the English-speaking world in the context of the Internet and internationalization, including the degree and form of political mobilization, communication across organizations, recurrent issues, and audience targets. For this purpose, the research combines social movement analysis, a novel machine learning method, and a manual content analysis.

The Britain Connects trial has two research aims: Research Aim 1 To evaluate whether a video meeting between two individuals who identify with different groups or political identities (leave / remain, left / right, socially progressive / socially conservative) during a time of a shared common experience (COVID-19) reduces prejudices towards those with opposite political views, and increases social cohesion. Research Aim 2 To evaluate whether a series of behaviourally informed interventions before, during and after the video meeting can improve the quality of that contact and further reduce prejudice towards those with opposite political views, and increase social cohesion. Our ability to answer this second question is conditional on achieving a sufficient sample size.

This pre-registration concerns the within-subjects manipulation in this study. RQ1: What is the effect of tailoring in pro-physical activity media messages on the occurrence and valence of interpersonal communication and daily physical activity behavior? RQ1a: Are the effects of tailoring on physical activity behavior mediated by perceived message effectiveness and perceived message self-relevance? RQ2: Does message tailoring moderate the effects of a social prompt manipulation on interpersonal communication and physical activity behavior?

This project tests the prediction that affectionate communication moderates the influence of adverse childhood experiences (ACE) on mental well-being.

Preregistration

This study seeks to establish the viability of perceived algorithm responsiveness as a concept by (1) testing a scale for operationalizing and (2) comparing it to algorithm awareness. We will also compare the perceived algorithm responsiveness across Instagram, TikTok, Facebook, and Twitter.