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Abstract Canadian University Service Overseas (CUSO), a non-governmental organization with a mandate to send young Canadian volunteers to developing countries, was established in 1961, the same year that President John [...]

F. The ICJ In none of its cases has the ICJ dealt with either the sovereignty or the liberty questions directly. Yet, the ICJ, and its predecessor the PCIJ, adopted [...]

News of its imminent demise notwithstanding, state sovereignty remains a central concept in international law, in legal and political theory, and in the practice of states. Political factors no doubt [...]

NATO. INTRODUCTION The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) was founded in 1949 with the express purpose of defending the United States, Canada, Western Europe, and Turkey from the Soviet Union [...], NATO was founded to counter the Soviet Union and the Warsaw Treaty Organization. Both have been gone for over twenty years. So why is NA TO still here? Part of the explanation may lie in Americans' strong beliefin the efficacy of military force. NATO remains associated in Americans' minds with the greatest time of U.S. military power. Yet, the United States also has a strong commitment to the rule of law. The country appears overdue for a return to this other commitment. We should not be surprised to soon see the United States promoting international law again--and that could mean finally shutting down

INTRODUCTION (1) Various interventions of an international community in failed states or otherwise unstable territories have showed the crucial importance of the rule of law in re-establishing order in post-conflict [...]

The International Court of Justice's May 2008 decision to award Pedra Branca/Pulau Batu Puteh to Singapore and Middle Rocks to Malaysia has removed a major obstacle to the delimitation of maritime boundaries in the eastern part of the Singapore Strait. This article explores the issues relevant to the delimitation of maritime boundaries between Malaysia, Singapore, and also Indonesia in this area. A brief summary of the case is followed by consideration of the baselines and maritime jurisdictional claims of the parties and the delimitation of maritime boundaries, with particular emphasis on the status and potential role of the islands in this context. Potential maritime boundary delimitation scenarios in the eastern Singapore Strait are then considered and assessed. Keywords baselines, maritime boundary delimitation, maritime claims, regime of islands

International organization such as the International Monetary Fund, and the World Trade Organization are distinct agencies which means that international trade and financial policy are not coordinated. The way to build a more broadly representative international organization that raises the concerns of many nations is presented.

Created in early 1921, the Temporary Mixed Commission on Armaments was a committee of eminent figures formed by the League of Nations to consider the problem of international disarmament in its widest aspects and to suggest potential initiatives, plans and solutions. What made it unique was that its members were specifically appointed as private individuals, unrestrained by formal instructions from governments. They were intended to be free to put forward ideas and opinions that seemed most likely to produce real progress but which might have created political turmoil if they had come from official representatives. To some contemporary observers this extraordinary degree of independence was tremendously appealing; to others, the lack of accountability on an issue of supreme importance to the national security of member states was desperately objectionable. In practice, much of the commission's work resolved into a battle between interventionist British members and resistant French members, led respectively by Lord Robert Cecil and Colonel Edouard Requin, with its most prominent outcome being the failed 1923 draft Treaty of Mutual Assistance. A fascinating experiment in the possibilities of transnationalism within an international organization, the Temporary Mixed Commission on Armaments both exemplified the fluidity of the League of Nations in its early years and showed the limited results a transnational approach could achieve on as contentious an issue as disarmament.

This article examines the conditions under which the policy positions of an international organization correspond to the positions of relevant national actors. The commission of the European Union (EU) is often portrayed as an autonomous supranational actor, insulated from national interests. Recent analyses question this view, arguing that the commission is an agent in a principal-agent relationship with member states. The author formulates hypotheses on the conditions under which commissioners' nationalities affect the relative level of agreement between the commission and different member states' positions. The hypotheses are tested with more than 2,000 observations relating to 70 controversial proposals for legislation introduced by the commission from 1996 to 2000. In line with one of the hypotheses, under qualified majority voting in the council, there is relatively high agreement between the commission's positions and the positions of the home member states of the commissioners primarily responsible for drafting the legislative proposals. Keywords: European Union; European Commission; Council of Ministers; commissioners; legislative decision making

In assessing the prospects for the development and consolidation of the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO), it is necessary above all to analyze the organization's performance, results and achievements from [...]

INTRODUCTION I. LIMITS ON DELEGATION A. Nondelegation Doctrine B. Procedural Requirements for Making Law C. Appointments Clause D. Article III Limitations E. Anticommandeering Limitations II. INTERNATIONAL DELEGATIONS A. U.N. Security [...]

Drug-resistant microbes are spreading. A coordinated, global effort is needed to keep drugs working and develop alternatives, say Mark Woolhouse and Jeremy Farrar., Author(s): Mark Woolhouse [sup.1] , Jeremy Farrar [sup.2] Author Affiliations: (1) Mark Woolhouse is professor of infectious disease epidemiology in the Centre for Immunity, Infection & Evolution at the University [...]

The Charter of the United Nations gives the Security Council enormous formal powers, but it does not give it direct control of the tools with which to enact those powers. [...]