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1. Will dairy cattle production in West Africa be challenged by heat stress in the future?

Author

Rahimi, Jaber, Mutua, John Yumbya, Notenbaert, An M. O., Dieng, Diarra, Butterbach-Bahl, Klaus, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK-IFU), Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany, Tropical Forages Program, International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Nairobi, Kenya, Farming Systems Ecology, Wageningen University and Research (WUR), Wageningen, the Netherlands, and International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, Kenya

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, Index (economics), 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Atmospheric circulation, Population, Climate change, THI, 01 natural sciences, West Africa, ddc:550, Production (economics), Dairy cattle, education, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Global and Planetary Change, Adaptive capacity, education.field_of_study, business.industry, 0402 animal and dairy science, Farm Systems Ecology Group, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 040201 dairy & animal science, Earth sciences, ddc:551.6, Climatology, Environmental science, Livestock, business
Abstract

This study focuses on heat stress conditions for dairy cattle production in West Africa under current and future climatic conditions. After testing the accuracy of the dynamically downscaled climate datasets for simulating the historical daily maximum temperature (Tmax) and relative humidity (RH) in West Africa for 50 meteorological stations, we used the dataset for calculating the temperature-humidity index (THI), i.e., an index indicating heat stress for dairy cattle on a daily scale. Calculations were made for the historical period (1981–2010) using the ERA-Interim reanalysis dataset, and for two future periods (2021–2050 and 2071–2100) using climate predictions of the GFDL-ESM2M, HadGEM2-ES, and MPI-ESM-MR Global Circulation Models (GCMs) under the RCP4.5 emission scenario. Here, we show that during the period from 1981 to 2010 for > 1/5 of the region of West Africa, the frequency of severe/danger heat events per year, i.e., events that result in significant decreases in productive and reproductive performances, increased from 11 to 29–38 days (significant at 95% confidence level). Most obvious changes were observed for the eastern and southeastern parts. Under future climate conditions periods with severe/danger heat stress events will increase further as compared with the historical period by 5–22% depending on the GCM used. Moreover, the average length of periods with severe/danger heat stress is expected to increase from ~ 3 days in the historical period to ~ 4–7 days by 2021–2050 and even to up to 10 days by 2071–2100. Based on the average results of three GCMs, by 2071–2100, around 22% of dairy cattle population currently living in this area is expected to experience around 70 days more of severe/danger heat stress (compare with the historical period), especially in the southern half of West Africa. The result is alarming, as it shows that dairy production systems in West Africa are jeopardized at large scale by climate change and that depending on the GCM used, milk production might decrease by 200–400 kg/year by 2071–2100 in around 1, 7, or 11%. Our study calls for the development of improved dairy cattle production systems with higher adaptive capacity in order to deal with expected future heat stress conditions., African Union Commission

Published
2020
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2. Soil Property Data for Four Africa RISING Sites in Ethiopia

Author

International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) and International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT)

Abstract

IFPRI1; Africa Rising, The data included in this study were collected to assess the health of the soil at four Africa RISING sites: Basona, Michew, Jawe, and Sinana. The data were collected following land degradation surveillance framework (LDSF) whereby within a 10km by 10km sites, we considered 16 clusters of 1km by 1km and within each cluster we have 0.1 ha plots, within which 0.01 ha subplots were located for sampling. International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) led the data collection.

Published
2019

3. Land Degradation Surveillance Framework Based Data

Author

International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT); International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI); Mekelle University and International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT); International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI); Mekelle University

Abstract

IFPRI1; Africa Rising, The data included in this study were collected as a part of 'situation analysis' based on landscape characteristics and condition. The data were collected in four Africa RISING sites?Basona, Michew, Jawe, and Sinana?across four regions simultaneously with the soil sampling exercise.

Published
2019

4. Making Seed Systems and Markets for Vegetatively Propagated Crops (VPCs) Work for the Poor: A Cross-Country Study of Kenya, Nigeria, and Vietnam

Author

Abdoulaye, Tahirou; Assfaw, Tesfamicheal; Atieno, Elly O.; Bartle, Brian; Gatto, Marcel; Gonzalez, Laura; Hareau, Guy; Labarta, Ricardo; Phuong Le, Dung; Maredia, Mywish; Mbiri, Daniel G.; McEwan, Margaret A.; Okello, Julius J.; Omondi, Bonaventure A.; Pacillo, Grazia; Spielman, David J., International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI); International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT); International Institute for Tropical Agriculture (IITA); International Potato Center (CIP); Michigan State University (MSU), Abdoulaye, Tahirou; Assfaw, Tesfamicheal; Atieno, Elly O.; Bartle, Brian; Gatto, Marcel; Gonzalez, Laura; Hareau, Guy; Labarta, Ricardo; Phuong Le, Dung; Maredia, Mywish; Mbiri, Daniel G.; McEwan, Margaret A.; Okello, Julius J.; Omondi, Bonaventure A.; Pacillo, Grazia; Spielman, David J., and International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI); International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT); International Institute for Tropical Agriculture (IITA); International Potato Center (CIP); Michigan State University (MSU)

Abstract

IFPRI1; CRP2; Open Access, EPTD; PIM, CGIAR Research Program on Roots, Tuber, and Bananas (RTB); CGIAR Research Programs on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM), Many developing-country farmers cultivating vegetatively propagated crops (VPCs)—crops such as cassava, potato, sweetpotato, and yam—face constrained access to quality planting material. This challenge is distinct from the challenges facing cereal crops, and is associated with both the unique biological and economic nature of vegetative propagation. Although technological solutions exist, there are other limiting factors relating to policies, institutions, and markets that shape VPC seed systems, e.g., quality assurance mechanisms, certification regulations, sanitary and phytosanitary standards, and plant variety protection. This research project aims to provide actionable evidence on policy and investment options to accelerate seed system and market development in countries where VPCs are important to food security and agricultural development. By taking a collaborative and multidisciplinary approach to the research, the project (1) analyzes current policy initiatives and success factors underpinning models that incentivize cost-effective multiplication and distribution of VPC seed to smallholders; and (2) develops a set of crop-specific case studies in Kenya, Nigeria, and Vietnam that encourage closer consideration of more appropriate policy options. This document provides a brief summary of the project and accompanies the key informant interview guides to collect data for analysis purposes.

Published
2019

5. Soil Moisture and Crop Yield Data for Jawe, Ethiopian Highlands

Author

International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT); International Water Management Institute (IWMI); Ethiopian Institute of Water Resources (EIWR); Addis Adaba University (AAU); Mekelle University (MU) and International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT); International Water Management Institute (IWMI); Ethiopian Institute of Water Resources (EIWR); Addis Adaba University (AAU); Mekelle University (MU)

Abstract

IFPRI1; Africa Rising, The data included in this study were a part of research that was conducted to assess the impacts of different land uses and soil water conservation (SWC) interventions on runoff and sediment yield at different scales in the highlands of Ethiopia. Run-off and soil loss data were collected from the experimental runoff plots that were set up to monitor daily runoff and sediment yield under different land use and management practices in Gudoberet Kebele (North Shewa). It includes data from four treatment plots?woodlot, grazing, cropland with (SWC) and cropland without SWC?with two replications that were established on 60 square meter area from 2014 to 2017.

Published
2018

6. Weather Data for Africa RISING Sites in Ethiopia

Author

International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT); International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) and International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT); International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI)

Abstract

IFPRI1; Africa Rising, Site-specific watershed analysis requires site-specific meteorological data. Due to high spatial and temporal variability nature, collecting in-situ weather data is essential for modeling biophysical processes and understanding the biophysical condition of watersheds. In addition, site-specific weather information by itself is useful for improving agricultural practices in selected Africa RISING sites. This data study contains weather-related data which was generated to support various analysis in Africa RISING sites. The data included all the weather elements i.e. precipitation, soil moisture (volumetric water content, soil temperature, cation exchange capacity (CEC)), wind (direction, speed, and gusts), air temperature, solar radiation, and relative humidity. These data were collected at two sites (kebeles) for each Africa RISING sites. They were collected at 15 minutes interval since September 2014. The data collection is still ongoing.

Published
2018

7. Runoff and Soil Loss Data for Basona, Ethiopian Highlands

Author

International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT); International Water Management Institute (IWMI); Ethiopian Institute of Water Resources (EIWR); Addis Adaba University (AAU); Mekelle University (MU) and International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT); International Water Management Institute (IWMI); Ethiopian Institute of Water Resources (EIWR); Addis Adaba University (AAU); Mekelle University (MU)

Abstract

IFPRI1; Africa Rising, The data included in this study were a part of research that was conducted to assess the impacts of different land uses and soil water conservation (SWC) interventions on runoff and sediment yield at different scales in the highlands of Ethiopia. Run-off and soil loss data were collected from the experimental runoff plots that were set up to monitor daily runoff and sediment yield under different land use and management practices in Gudoberet Kebele (North Shewa). It includes data from four treatment plots--woodlot, grazing, cropland with (SWC) and cropland without SWC--with two replications that were established on 60 square meter area from 2014 to 2017.

Published
2018

8. Enhancing and Monitoring Impacts of Complementary and Linked Land and Water Management Technologies and Approaches at Landscape/Watershed Levels

Author

International Water Management Institute (IWMI); International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) and International Water Management Institute (IWMI); International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT)

Abstract

IFPRI1; Africa Rising, This dataset originated from the CIAT led project entitled ?Enhancing and monitoring impacts of complementary and linked land and water management technologies and approaches at landscape/ watershed levels.? The data were collected at the sites after CIAT implemented runoff plots. The data collected includes biomass yield, grain yield, and soil depth and moisture to measure the effect of soil and water conservation structures on soil moisture and wheat yield.

Published
2018

9. CGIAR platform for big data in agriculture (big data): Plan of work and budget for 2018

Author

International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT); International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), CGIAR Platform for Big Data in Agriculture (Big Data), International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT); International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), and CGIAR Platform for Big Data in Agriculture (Big Data)

Abstract

Non-PR, IFPRI2, CGIAR Platform for Big Data in Agriculture (Big Data), This Plan of Work and Budget (POWB) for 2018 includes chapters on the following: 1) expected key results, 2) planning for platform effectiveness and efficiency, and 3) platform management. There are also a number of tables at the end, relating to planned milestones, expected outputs, budget, partnerships, collaborations, monitoring, risks to performance, mitigation strategies, and indicators or targets.

Published
2018

10. Maize and Pigeonpea Intercropping

Author

Selian Agriculture Research Institute (SARI); International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) and Selian Agriculture Research Institute (SARI); International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT)

Abstract

IFPRI1; Africa Rising, The project tested different spatial maize/pigeon peas arrangements in the field with already recommended varieties that are differentiated by maturity periods (which affect canopy interactions). The maize varieties included PAN 691, a long maturing maize variety, Mkombozi, an early to medium maturity high yielding maize variety, and SC 627, an early maturing variety. These were intercropped with pigeon peas variety Mali from ICRISAT, a long maturing and high yielding variety that was considered new in the study sites. Project title: Research in Sustainable Intensification in the Sub-Humid Maize-Based Cropping Systems of Babati. Project abstract: Promoting sustainable intensification through efficient application of a local source of phosphorus (Minjingu PR). Project website: http://africa-rising.net

Published
2017

11. CGIAR Scientometrics Data for 2000-2016

Author

Koo, Jawoo, HarvestChoice, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI); International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Koo, Jawoo, and HarvestChoice, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI); International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT)

Abstract

IFPRI1; CRP2; HarvestChoice, EPTD; PIM, CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM), This data files includes full metadata records of 12,131 SCI-indexed journal articles authored by CGIAR scientists published between January 2000 to November 2016, retrieved from Web of Science by Thomson Reuters. With this data, co-authorships of research outputs published by CGIAR scientists were analyzed to examine whether CGIAR’s scientific and technical partnerships were broadened across CGIAR Centers and with external partners. Scientometric analysis showed that CGIAR scientists’ research partnership steadily increased over the years. Percentage of articles co-authored with external partners did not change much, yet many new partnerships were formed within CGIAR as well as with external partners. Number of total journal articles also steadily increased in more diverse research topics, published in more diverse journals.

Published
2017

12. Improved Crop Varieties, Agronomic Practices, Soil Water Conservation Practices

Author

International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT); International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA); International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT); World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF);Hombolo Agricultural Research Institute (ARI-Hombolo);Selian Agricultural Research Institute (SARI) and International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT); International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA); International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT); World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF);Hombolo Agricultural Research Institute (ARI-Hombolo);Selian Agricultural Research Institute (SARI)

Abstract

IFPRI1; Africa Rising, Establishment of demonstration plots on improved crop varieties (maize, groundnuts, soybeans and beans) and best-bet agronomic pratices and soil and water conservation practices in Babati, Kongwa, kiteto, Mvomero, Mbozi, Kilosa and Kilolo in Tanzania. Training of lead farmers and extension staff to empower them with knowledge on improved technologies so that they can also train others. This study contains data from different cereal legume rotation systems in northern Ghana. Project title: Enhancing Partnership among Africa RISING (AR), NAFAKA and TUBORESHE CHAKULA (TUBOCHA) Programs for Fast-Tracking Delivery and Scaling of Agricultural Technologies in Tanzania. Project abstract: This project is implemented in partnership between Africa RISING research team and NAFAKA and focuses on scaling of agricultural technologies that include deployment of improved maize varieties and legumes (beans, soybean, groundnuts), deployment of improved water and soil conservation practices and improved good agricultural practices in Babati, Kongwa, Kiteto, Kilosa, Mvomero, Mbozi and Kilolo districts of Tanzania. The project is implemented by CIMMYT, IITA, CIAT, ICRAF, ARI-Hombolo, AMINATA Quality Seeds compnay, Meru Agro-Tours and Cosultants seed company, NAFAKA and Selian Agricultural Research Institute. Project website: http://africa-rising.net

Published
2016

13. Promoting Sustainable Intensification Through Efficient Application of Different Sources of Phosphorus (Minjingu Granular, Minjingu Mazao, DAP and TSP) (CIAT)

Author

International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT); Selian Agricultural Research Institute (SARI) and International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT); Selian Agricultural Research Institute (SARI)

Abstract

IFPRI1; Africa Rising, This study contains data from twelve (12) sites/farmers on sustainable intensification through efficient application of different fertilizers. These 12 sites/farmers were selected from Hallu, Long, Seloto, and Sabilo villages. Farmer selection was participatory, but among farmers who were willing to provide land and were also committed to implementing the trials.The project tested intercropping of maize/pigeonpea varieties that are differentiated by maturity periods.The maize varieties include PAN 691, a long maturing maize variety, Mkombozi, an early to medium maturity high yielding maize variety, and SC 627, an early maturing variety. These will be intercropped with pigeonpea variety Mali from ICRISAT, a long maturing and high yielding variety that is considered new in the study sites. Project title: Identification of the Key Biophysical Production Constraints to Crops and Livestock at Farm and Landscape Levels Project abstract: Maize and pigeonpeas intercropping will be microdosed with different sources of P fertilizer to enhance BNF and environmental quality. Project website: http://africa-rising.net

Published
2016

14. Malawi: Increase Dairy Production Through Improved Fodder

Author

World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF); International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT); Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources (LUANAR) and World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF); International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT); Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources (LUANAR)

Abstract

IFPRI1; Africa Rising, This data study contains data on milk yields from livestock. Project title: Africa RISING: Malawi Dairy Production. Project abstract: The Malawi project has local theme 'Agro-ecological intensification in Malawi through action research with smallholder farmers' with a lot of emphasis on co-learning with farmers and other stakeholders.The purpose of the Africa RISING Malawi component is to enhance farmer knowledge and support sustainable intensification (SI) pathways for productivity gains in maize-legume diversified systems, that also integrates livestock-related enterprises such as improved fodder for intensified dairy production. The project is setting up a research approach that systematically assesses SI best-bet options that appropriately respond to the needs of resource-poor farmers - particularly female headed households. Building on successful examples of participatory action research and experiences from biophysical research on smallholder farms in Malawi over the past 2 decades, the research team has begun taping into these products of agricultural research to move toward more sustainable smallholder production systems. We envisage that farm-scale production strategies employed by different farm/farmer typologies will be further distilled through scenario analyses using farming systems simulation modeling approaches. The project works with an alliance of actors, (agro-dealers, extension services, NGOs, local government structures, etc) as R4D platforms for the two districts. Project web site: http://africa-rising.net

Published
2016

15. Soil Survey to Characterize 2 Sentinel Sites (CIAT)

Author

International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT); Selian Agricultural Research Institute (SARI) and International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT); Selian Agricultural Research Institute (SARI)

Abstract

IFPRI1; Africa Rising, The Land Degradation Surveillance Framework (LDSF) used by AfSIS was employed to conduct a systematic biophysical assessment of various ecological and soil health metrics. The LDSF was based on a hierarchical spatially stratified, random sampling approach consisting of 100 km2 sentinel landscapes, which were statistically representative of the variability in climate, topography, and vegetation of the study area under consideration. To predict soil properties for areas where samples were not collected, relatively large number of samples from representative locations were taken. To overcome the huge cost of analyzing large soil samples using conventional laboratory techniques, near and mid-infrared spectroscopy approaches were used. Project title: Identification of the Key Biophysical Production Constraints to Crops and Livestock at Farm and Landscape Levels Project abstract: The project undertakes soil survey to characterize 2 sentinel sites (Long and Matufa); and agronomic survey to estimate farmers' actual yield. Project website: http://africa-rising.net

Published
2015

16. Malawi-International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT): Integration of Beans

Author

Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources (LUANAR); Agriculture Extension Services; International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) and Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources (LUANAR); Agriculture Extension Services; International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT)

Abstract

IFPRI1; Africa Rising, This data study contains data on the intensification of common bean varieties at different altitudes in Malawi. Project title: Malawi: Dwarf and Climbing Bean Integration. Project abstract: The Malawi project has local theme 'Agro-ecological intensification in Malawi through action research with smallholder farmers' with a lot of emphasis on co-learning with farmers and other stakeholders.The purpose of the Africa RISING Malawi component is to enhance farmer knowledge and support sustainable intensification (SI) pathways for productivity gains in maize-legume diversified systems, that also integrates livestock-related enterprises such as improved fodder for intensified dairy production. The project is setting up a research approach that systematically assesses SI best-bet options that appropriately respond to the needs of resource-poor farmers - particularly female headed households. Building on successful examples of participatory action research and experiences from biophysical research on smallholder farms in Malawi over the past 2 decades, the research team has begun taping into these products of agricultural research to move towards more sustainable smallholder production systems. We envisage that farm-scale production strategies employed by different farm/farmer typologies will be further distilled through scenario analyses using farming systems simulation modeling approaches. The project works with an alliance of actors, (agro-dealers, extension services, NGOs, local government structures, etc) as R4D platforms for the two districts. Project website: http://africa-rising.net

Published
2015

17. Malawi: Phosphorus Fertilization in Legume Systems

Author

World Agroforestry Center (ICRAF);International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT);Lilongwe University of Agriculture & Natural Resources (LUANAR) and World Agroforestry Center (ICRAF);International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT);Lilongwe University of Agriculture & Natural Resources (LUANAR)

Abstract

IFPRI1; Africa Rising, The purpose of the Africa RISING Malawi component is to enhance farmer knowledge and support sustainable intensification (SI) pathways for productivity gains in maize-legume diversified systems, that also integrates livestock-related enterprises such as improved fodder for intensified dairy production. Project title: AfricaRISING - Sustainable intensification of maize-legume-livestock integrated farming systems in East and Southern Africa. Project abstract: The Malawi project has local theme 'Agro-ecological intensification in Malawi through action research with smallholder farmers' with a lot of emphasis on co-learning with farmers and other stakeholders.The purpose of the Africa RISING Malawi component is to enhance farmer knowledge and support sustainable intensification (SI) pathways for productivity gains in maize-legume diversified systems, that also integrates livestock-related enterprises such as improved fodder for intensified dairy production. The project is setting up a research approach that systematically assesses SI best-bet options that appropriately respond to the needs of resource-poor farmers - particularly female headed households. Building on successful examples of participatory action research and experiences from biophysical research on smallholder farms in Malawi over the past 2 decades, the research team has begun taping into these products of agricultural research to move towards more sustainable smallholder production systems. We envisage that farm-scale production strategies employed by different farm/farmer typologies will be further distilled through scenario analyses using farming systems simulation modeling approaches. The project works with an alliance of actors, (agro-dealers, extension services, NGOs, local government structures, etc) as R4D platforms for the two districts. Project website: http://africa-rising.net

Published
2015

18. Agronomic Survey to Estimate Actual Yield Obtained by Farmers in Their Own Practices and Relation with Management Strategies (CIAT)

Author

International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT); Selian Agricultural Research Institute (SARI) and International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT); Selian Agricultural Research Institute (SARI)

Abstract

IFPRI1; Africa Rising, This study contains yield data of the two crops from tow representative sections of a field on plots 10m by 10m. Data taken on each of the plots included agronomic practices undertaken including plant spacing, pest and disease control, organic/inorganic fertilizer applications and field history according to a protocol implemented in AfSIS. Each field was geo-referenced. Project title: Identification of the Key Biophysical Production Constraints to Crops and Livestock at Farm and Landscape Levels. Project abstract: This project will undertake soil survey to characterize two sentinel sites (Long and Matufa) and agronomic survey to estimate farmers' actual yield. Project website: http://africa-rising.net

Published
2015

19. AgroLD: a Knowledge Graph for the Plant Sciences

Author

Larmande, Pierre, Pitollat, Bertrand, Tando, Ndomassi, Pomie, Yann, Happi, Bill, Guignon, Valentin, Ruiz, Manuel, Diversité, adaptation, développement des plantes (UMR DIADE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM), WEB Architecture x Semantic WEB x WEB of Data (WEB3), Laboratoire d'Informatique de Robotique et de Microélectronique de Montpellier (LIRMM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), The Alliance of Bioversity International and International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) [Hanoi], Alliance of Bioversity International and the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) [Rome] (Alliance), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), and ANR-22-CE23-0012,DIG-AI,Decouverte des interactions genotype-phenotype à l'aide de graphe de connaissance et d'IA(2022)

Subjects
FAIR data, Knowledge Graph, Bioinformatics, Linked Data, Plant Sciences, [INFO.INFO-BI]Computer Science [cs]/Bioinformatics [q-bio.QM], [SDV.BIBS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM]
Abstract

Démonstration; International audience; Recent advances in high-throughput technologies have revolutionized the analysis in the field of the plant sciences. However, there is an urgent need to effectively integrate and assimilate complementary information to understand the biological system in its entirety. We have developed AgroLD, a knowledge graph that exploits Semantic Web technologies to integrate data of interest for the plant science community e.g., rice, wheat, arabidopsis and in this way facilitate the formulation and validation of new scientific hypotheses. AgroLD contains around 900M triples created by annotating and integrating more than 100 datasets coming from 15 data sources. Our objective is to offer a domain specific knowledge platform to answer complex biological and plant sciences questions related to the implication of genes in, for instance, plant disease resistance or adaptative responses to climate change. In this demo, we present some results which currently focused on genomics, genetics and trait associations.

Published
2023

20. Sustainable green tea production through agroecological management and land conversion practices for restoring soil health, crop productivity and economic efficiency: Evidence from Northern Vietnam

Author

Viet San Le, Laetitia Herrmann, Lambert Bräu, Didier Lesueur, The Alliance of Bioversity International and International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) [Hanoi], Alliance of Bioversity International and the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) [Rome] (Alliance), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Deakin University [Burwood], Northern Mountainous Agriculture and Forestry Science Institute (NOMAFSI), Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), and Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS)

Subjects
[SDV.SA.STA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Sciences and technics of agriculture, Soil Science, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, Pollution, Agronomy and Crop Science
Abstract

International audience; Tea is a very important cash crop in Vietnam as it provides crucial income and employment for farmers in poor rural areas. Unfortunately, the dominance of long-term, conventional tea cultivation has caused severe soil health degradation and environmental pollution. At the same time, as tea production may provide a better net income compared with other annual crops such as rice and vegetables, farmers have been converting parts of their allocated land to cultivate tea plants. Little is known about the benefit of agroecological management as an alternative to conventional tea management practices, and thus, there is a need to understand how it can improve tea yields, quality and the livelihoods of the farmers. Conducted in Northern Vietnam from 2019 to 2022, this study examined the impacts of agroecological tea management practices on soil health indicators, tea yield and quality, and net income of tea farmers. We showed that agroecological management practices significantly enhanced soil organic matter by 0.8% and soil pH by 0.5 units on average. Conversely, conventional management based on chemical fertilizer applications, significantly increased soil total nitrogen by 0.15%-0.2%. No significant differences were observed between soil texture and other soil chemical characteristics. Soil biological parameters were also significantly higher in agroecological tea soil and root samples than in conventional tea plots. Average AMF frequency and intensity of the agroecological tea roots were 98% and 37%, respectively, compared with 73% and 15% of the conventional tea roots. Likewise, soil macrofauna and mesofauna abundance in the agroecological tea plantations was 76 individuals/m(2) and 101 individuals/100 g fresh soil on average, respectively, while that of conventional tea farms were 34 and 63 individuals/100 g fresh soil, respectively. Interestingly, a comparison between the converted and nonconverted lands did not show any significant effect of the conversion on soil physicochemical and biological characteristics, apart from tea root AMF colonization. Conventional tea management consistently resulted in higher tea yield and yield components, even though the differences were not always statistically significant. Despite lower tea yields, agroecological tea adopters earned around USD 8400 ha/year more than the farmers still practicing conventional management. This study shows that it is economically and environmentally more sustainable to produce organic tea than conventional tea, and our results should encourage more farmers to adopt such agroecological practices in Northern Vietnam.

Published
2023
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21. Influences of Farming Practices on Soil Properties and the 2-Acetyl-1-pyrroline Content of Khao Dawk Mali 105 Rice Grains

Author

Kawiporn Chinachanta, Choochad Santasup, Laetitia Herrmann, Didier Lesueur, Arawan Shutsrirung, Sakda Jongkaewwattana, Chiang Mai University (CMU), The Alliance of Bioversity International and International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) [Hanoi], Alliance of Bioversity International and the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) [Rome] (Alliance), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)

Subjects
[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, 0106 biological sciences, Agriculture (General), Biologie du sol, 01 natural sciences, S1-972, chemistry.chemical_compound, Microbiologie, Humic acid, GE1-350, Soil properties, riz, F07 - Façons culturales, chemistry.chemical_classification, education.field_of_study, food and beverages, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Pratique culturale, Caractéristiques du sol, Article Subject, Population, Soil Science, Oryza sativa, Biology, 2-Acetyl-1-pyrroline, Matière organique du sol, Rice farming, Q04 - Composition des produits alimentaires, education, Earth-Surface Processes, business.industry, Soil organic matter, P34 - Biologie du sol, Soil quality, Environmental sciences, chemistry, Agronomy, Agriculture, Système d'exploitation agricole, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, business, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Khao Dawk Mali 105 (KDML105) is a premium fragrant rice variety and is widely grown in Thung Kula Rong Hai (TKR), northeast Thailand. In the present study, the influence of organic and conventional rice farming (ORF and CRF, respectively) in TKR farmers’ paddy fields on soil properties and their relationship with 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP) in KDML105 rice grains were investigated. The results indicated that the ORF system had a strong positive effect on major soil quality indicators and the 2AP content in the rice grains. The soil organic matter (SOM) was approximately twice as much in the ORF than in the CRF system, thus leading to much higher total nitrogen (TN), humic acid (HA), and microbial populations in the ORF system. The higher SOM in the ORF system not only enhanced the soil quality indicators but also contributed to approximately 3.5 times higher 2AP than in the CRF system. Principle component analysis indicated a close correlation among SOM, TN, HA, and microbial population under the ORF system; these variables exhibited strong correlations with the 2AP contents in KDML105 rice grains.

Published
2020
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22. Drought and heat affect common bean minerals and human diet—What we know and where to go

Author

Alessia Losa, Juan Vorster, Eleonora Cominelli, Francesca Sparvoli, Dario Paolo, Tea Sala, Marika Ferrari, Marina Carbonaro, Stefania Marconi, Emanuela Camilli, Emmanuelle Reboul, Boaz Waswa, Beatrice Ekesa, Francisco Aragão, Karl Kunert, CREA-GB, Montanaso Lombardo, University of Pretoria [South Africa], Natl Res Council CNR, Inst Biol & Agr Biotechnol IBBA, Res Unit Pisa, Pisa, Italy, Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria = Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Centre recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition = Center for CardioVascular and Nutrition research (C2VN), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), International Center for Tropical Agriculture [Kenya] (CIAT), International Center for Tropical Agriculture [Colombie] (CIAT), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), TTI Norte, Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia [Brasília], Lucas, Nelly, ALESSIA LOSA, Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics (CREA-GB), Italy, JUAN VORSTER, University of Pretoria, South Africa, ELEONORA COMINELLI, Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology (CNR-IBBA), Italy, FRANCESCA SPARVOLI, Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology (CNR-IBBA), Italy, DARIO PAOLO, Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology (CNR-IBBA), Italy, TEA SALA, Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics (CREA-GB), Italy, MARIKA FERRARI, Research Centre for Food and Nutrition (CREA-AN), Italy, MARINA CARBONARO, Research Centre for Food and Nutrition (CREA-AN), Italy, STEFANIA MARCONI, Research Centre for Food and Nutrition (CREA-AN), Italy, EMANUELA CAMILLI, Research Centre for Food and Nutrition (CREA-AN), Italy, EMMANUELLE REBOUL, INRAE, INSERM, France, BOAZ WASWA, CIAT Regional Office for Africa, Kenya, BEATRICE EKESA, CIAT Regional Office for Africa, Kenya, FRANCISCO JOSE LIMA ARAGAO, Cenargen, and KARL KUNERT, University of Pretoria, South Africa.

Subjects
Agriculture (General), legumes, Phaseolus vulgaris, drought/heat, S1-972, biofortification, Climate change, pulses, Common bean, Pulses, common bean, Minerals, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, food and beverages, Forestry, Agriculture, minerals, Legumes, phytic acid, [SDV.AEN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, climate change, Phytic acid, phytic acidpulses, Phaseolus Vulgaris, Drought/heat, antinutrients, Antinutrients, Biofortification, Agronomy and Crop Science, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, Food Science
Abstract

International audience; Global climate change, causing large parts of the world to become drier with longer drought periods, severely affects production of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The bean is worldwide the most produced and consumed food grain legume in the human diet. In common beans, adapted to moderate climates, exposure to drought/heat stress not only results in significant reduction of bean yield but also the nutritional value. This review explores the contribution of common beans to food and nutrient security as well as health. Also discussed is the existing knowledge of the impact of drought/heat stress, associated with a changing climate, specifically on iron (Fe) and phytic acid (PA) that are both among the most important mineral and anti-nutritional compounds found in common beans. Further discussed is how the application of modern "omics" tools contributes in common beans to higher drought/heat tolerance as well as to higher Fe and reduced PA content. Finally, possible future actions are discussed to develop new common bean varieties with both improved drought/heat tolerance and higher mineral (Fe) content.

Published
2022
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23. Research strategies to catalyze agroecological transitions in low‑ and middle‑income countries

Author

Sarah K. Jones, Nadia Bergamini, Francesca Beggi, Didier Lesueur, Barbara Vinceti, Arwen Bailey, Fabrice A. DeClerck, Natalia Estrada-Carmona, Carlo Fadda, Etienne M. Hainzelin, Danny Hunter, Chris Kettle, Job Kihara, Abdel Kader Naino Jika, Mirjam Pulleman, Roseline Remans, Celine Termote, Tobias Fremout, Evert Thomas, Louis Verchot, Marcela Quintero, Bioversity International [Montpellier], Bioversity International [Rome], Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Alliance of Bioversity International and the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) [Rome] (Alliance), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), The Alliance of Bioversity International and International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) [India], Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Département Environnements et Sociétés (Cirad-ES), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), International Center for Tropical Agriculture [Hanoï] (CIAT Asia), International Center for Tropical Agriculture [Colombie] (CIAT), Deakin University [Burwood], Cirad Direction Générale (Cirad-DG), The Alliance of Bioversity International and the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) [Cali], International Center for Tropical Agriculture [Kenya] (CIAT), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Bioversity International [Genève], Bioversity International [Kenya], International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), ICIPE, Bioversity International [Pérou], and Columbia University [New York]

Subjects
Health (social science), AGRICULTURE, Sociology and Political Science, INNOVATION, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture, agroécologie, Geography, Planning and Development, research methods [EN], systèmes alimentaires, Agroecology, Sustainable food systems, Food system transformation, Transition pathways, Green & Sustainable Science & Technology, Global and Planetary Change, Ecology, ECOLOGICAL INTENSIFICATION, FOOD SECURITY, Soil Biology, PE&RC, Science & Technology - Other Topics, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Environmental Sciences & Ecology, Politique de développement, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, SUSTAINABILITY, SYSTEMS, MANAGEMENT, Life Science, Pays en développement, Durabilité, Bodembiologie, E10 - Économie et politique agricoles, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Science & Technology, PATHWAYS, BIODIVERSITY, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Politique agricole, Environmental Sciences
Abstract

Governments are updating national strategies to meet global goals on biodiversity, climate change and food systems proposed in the Convention on Biological Diversity post-2020 framework and agreed at the United Nation’s Climate Change Conference (COP26) and Food Systems Summit (UNFSS). This represents a unique and crucial opportunity to integrate and accelerate food system actions to tackle interconnected global challenges. In this context, agroecology is a game-changing approach that can provide the world’s growing population with nutritious, healthy afordable food, ensure fair incomes to farmers and halt and reverse the degradation of the natural environment. Here, we explore agroecological transition pathways in four case studies from low- and middle- income countries and identify catalysts for change. We fnd that enabling policy and market environments, participatory action research and local socio-technical support each plays a critical role in stimulating transitions towards agroecology. We propose strategies and priorities for research to better support agroecological transitions using these catalysts of change as entry points. Engagement of governments, private sector, civil society, farmers and farm workers in this research agenda is essential., Sustainability Science, 17 (6), ISSN:1862-4065, ISSN:1862-4057

Published
2022
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24. Appraising Agroecological Urbanism: A Vision for the Future of Sustainable Cities

Author

Acga Cheng, Nurul Syafiqah Noor Azmi, Yin Mei Ng, Didier Lesueur, Sumiani Yusoff, University of Malaya = Universiti Malaya [Kuala Lumpur, Malaisie] (UM), Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), The Alliance of Bioversity International and International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) [Hanoi], Alliance of Bioversity International and the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) [Rome] (Alliance), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), and Deakin University [Burwood]

Subjects
[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, urbanisme, F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture, Geography, Planning and Development, agroécologie, soil and plant health, TJ807-830, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, TD194-195, Renewable energy sources, Agriculture durable, GE1-350, Durabilité, E10 - Économie et politique agricoles, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Environmental effects of industries and plants, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, sustainable agriculture, Environmental sciences, Agriculture urbaine, climate change, resilient cities, urban food systems
Abstract

International audience; By the mid-century, urban areas are expected to house two-thirds of the world’s population of approximately 10 billion people. The key challenge will be to provide food for all with fewer farmers in rural areas and limited options for expanding cultivated fields in urban areas, with sustainable soil management being a fundamental criterion for achieving sustainability goals. Understanding how nature works in a fast changing world and fostering nature-based agriculture (such as low-input farming) are crucial for sustaining food systems in the face of worsening urban heat island (UHI) effects and other climatic variables. The best fit for the context is transformative agroecology, which connects ecological networks, sustainable farming approaches, and social movements through change-oriented research and action. Even though agroecology has been practiced for over a century, its potential to address the socioeconomic impact of the food system remained largely unexplored until recently. Agroecological approaches, which involve effective interactions between researchers, policy makers, farmers, and consumers, can improve social cohesion and socioeconomic synergies while reducing the use of various agricultural inputs. This review presents a timeline of agroecology transformation from the past to the present and discusses the possibilities, prospects, and challenges of agroecological urbanism toward a resilient urban future.

Published
2022
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25. Isolation and characterization of KDML105 aromatic rice rhizobacteria producing indole-3-acetic acid: impact of organic and conventional paddy rice practices

Author

Arawan Shutsrirung, Kawiporn Chinachanta, Laetitia Herrmann, Didier Lesueur, Chiang Mai University (CMU), The Alliance of Bioversity International and International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) [Hanoi], Alliance of Bioversity International and the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) [Rome] (Alliance), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Deakin University [Burwood], and Chiang Mai University (CMU) Research Fund

Subjects
[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, 0106 biological sciences, F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture, Microbacterium, Enterobacter, Micrococcus, Rhizobacteria, 01 natural sciences, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, aromatic rice, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, organic farming, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, rhizobacteria, heterocyclic compounds, Rhizobactérie, Aromatic rice, 030304 developmental biology, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, Rhizosphere, biology, Indoleacetic Acids, P34 - Biologie du sol, food and beverages, Oryza, biology.organism_classification, L-tryptophan, Horticulture, Burkholderia, chemistry, indole-3-acetic acid, Indole-3-acetic acid, Bacteria, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

International audience; Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) synthesis is a major property of rhizosphere bacteria. The IAA-producing ability of rhizobacteria may be influenced by agricultural management. We therefore evaluated the IAA-producing potential of rhizobacteria isolated during organic rice farming (ORF) and conventional rice farming (CRF) in Thung Kula Rong Hai areas of Thailand. The results indicated that ORF gave a significantly higher percentage of IAA producers (95 center dot 8%) than CRF (69 center dot 9%). The average IAA values of the ORF isolates were around two times higher than those of the CRF isolates both in the absence (12 center dot 8 and 5 center dot 8 mu g IAA ml(-1), respectively) and presence of L-tryptophan (L-Trp) (35 center dot 2 and 17 center dot 2 mu g IAA ml(-1), respectively). The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that the 23 selected isolates belonged to 8 different genera-Sinomonas sp., Micrococcus sp., Microbacterium sp., Fictibacillus sp., Bacillus sp., Burkholderia sp., Leclercia sp. and Enterobacter sp. Interestingly, only three ORF isolates, i.e. ORF15-20 (Micrococcus sp.), ORF15-21 (Sinomonas sp.) and ORF15-23 (Sinomonas sp.), exhibited high IAA production ability without L-Trp (128 center dot 5, 160 center dot 8 and 174 center dot 7 mu g IAA ml(-1), respectively). Meanwhile, a slight decrease in IAA production with L-Trp was noticed, suggesting that the L-Trp was not used for the IAA synthesis of these isolates. Biopriming with rhizobacterial isolates significantly enhanced the rate of germination of KDML 105 rice seeds compared to the control.

Published
2021
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26. How does El Niño Southern Oscillation affect rice-producing environments in central Colombia ?

Author

Julian Ramirez-Villegas, Maria Camila Rebolledo, Kensuke Okada, Steven D. Prager, Camilo Barrios-Perez, Gabriel Garcés Varón, The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Colombian Natl Rice Growers Federat Fedearroz, International Center for Tropical Agriculture [Colombie] (CIAT), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR), Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development Program (SATREPS), University of Tokyo, International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Colombian National Rice Growers Federation (FEDEARROZ), CGIAR, Climate Services for Resilient Development (CSRD) partnership, and Colombia's Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MADR)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Atmospheric Science, Irrigation, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, P40 - Météorologie et climatologie, Yield (finance), Growing season, La Nina, Conditions météorologiques, Colombia, Facteur climatique, 01 natural sciences, Crop, Agro-climatic indices, F01 - Culture des plantes, parasitic diseases, Climate risk, Precipitation, Climate risk management, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, Global and Planetary Change, Crop yield, food and beverages, Forestry, Facteur du milieu, 15. Life on land, La Niña, El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Rendement des cultures, Agronomy, 13. Climate action, Besoin en eau, Environmental science, Simulated rice yield, Agronomy and Crop Science, Agroclimatologie, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

International audience; The rice industry plays an important role in the agricultural economy of Colombia and its success dependents largely on weather conditions. Rice farmers, policymakers and other stakeholders thus need to understand and manage the risks associated with climate variability, including those related to El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) - the most important source of variability affecting Colombian climates. The objectives of this study were to (1) assess the ENSO influence on the spatio-temporal variability of agro-climatic conditions (crop water requirements, dry and wet spells, and heatwaves) and rice yield across the central producing region of Colombia; and (2) identify the main agro-climatic factors driving crop yield variability. Results showed that rice irrigation water requirements under positive ENSO phases (El Nino) increased by up to 14% compared to the long-term average. These increases were associated with less total precipitation, more dry days and longer dry spells, together with a greater number of day-and-night heatwave episodes. During negative phases (La Nina), on the other hand, irrigation requirements decreased by 16% with respect to the long-term average due to longer and more frequent wet spells, and more total precipitation. Analyses of simulated yields indicated that El Nino years reduce crop yield in about 86% of the study region, while La Nina affects 62% of the region positively. The number of heat nights (i.e. nights with minimum temperature > 23 degrees C) during the growing season was the most important agro-climatic factor causing yield losses during ENSO events. Our results represent an important step towards understanding the interaction between climate variability and rice production in Colombia, which is useful for improving climate risk management at local levels.

Published
2021
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27. Phosphate fertilizer addition increases the movement distance and content of the acid soil inorganic phosphorus fractions at green manure microsites

Author

R. Dong, H. Huan, J. Hong, D. Huang, Didier Lesueur, J. Huang, Y. Wang, G. Liu, Hainan University, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Deakin University [Burwood], Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), International Center for Tropical Agriculture [Hanoï] (CIAT Asia), International Center for Tropical Agriculture [Colombie] (CIAT), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)

Subjects
P33 - Chimie et physique du sol, [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Pollution, Ca-associated Pi, Fe-associated Pi, media_common.quotation_subject, Al-associated Pi, Soil Science, engineering.material, Fertilisation, Green manure, chemistry.chemical_compound, Animal science, Propriété physicochimique du sol, Incubation, Monocalcium phosphate, media_common, Engrais organique, Efficacité, 2. Zero hunger, biology, Chemistry, P35 - Fertilité du sol, Sol acide, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Microsite, Stylosanthes, Phosphate fertilizer, biology.organism_classification, green manure microsite, occluded P, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, engineering, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Fertilizer, Agronomy and Crop Science, F04 - Fertilisation, Food Science
Abstract

International audience; To investigate the movement and content of the acid soil Pi fractions at different distances from the green manure (GM) application site at a GM microsite, an incubation experiment was conducted. Stylosanthes GM (10 or 40 ton/ha) was applied with or without phosphate fertilizer (monocalcium phosphate, MCP) at a concentration of 44 kg/ha P, which was laid on the surface in soil cylinders. The GM/fertilizer and soil were incubated for 14 and 28 d. The results indicated the movement distance and content of the Pi fractions (Al-, Fe-, and Ca-associated Pi as well as occluded P) in the acid soil microsite were significantly increased after the addition of MCP; however, the movement distances of the Pi fractions were all less than 3 mm after incubation for 28 d. This information will improve the efficiency of combined P and GM use and decrease the environmental load due to P pollution caused by GM and phosphate fertilizer.

Published
2020
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28. Development of a physicochemical method to quantify the extracellular liquid volume: Application to the transformation of cassava into gari

Author

Eric Rondet, Bernard Cuq, Emilie Ruiz, Andrés Escobar, Michèle Delalonde, Layal Dahdouh, Ingénierie des Agro-polymères et Technologies Émergentes (UMR IATE), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Démarche intégrée pour l'obtention d'aliments de qualité (UMR Qualisud), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Avignon Université (AU)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1), CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change Colombia International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS), Institut de Recherche en Gestion et en Economie (IREGE), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Avignon Université (AU)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1), International Center for Tropical Agriculture [Colombie] (CIAT), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), and Roots, Tubercules and Bananas (RTB) Post Harvest Project (2013–2016)

Subjects
Ingénierie des aliments, préparation des aliments, spectrophotométrie, manioc, Transformation (music), Liquid volume localisation, 03 medical and health sciences, Cassava processing, legume frais, 0404 agricultural biotechnology, Phase (matter), [SDV.IDA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering, Extracellular, Food engineering, poly(4-styrenesulfonate) sodium salt, 030304 developmental biology, Pressing, chemistry.chemical_classification, 0303 health sciences, Molar mass, Extracellular liquid, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Polymer, 040401 food science, matrice végétale, Volume (thermodynamics), chemistry, Chemical engineering, Fermentation, Food Science
Abstract

International audience; In fresh vegetal materials, liquid is mostly located in cells. During processing, this liquid is distributed in the entire vegetal matrix volume including exctracellular volume. According to its location, it will be more or less available for physico-chemical mechanisms that takes place during processing of vegetal matrices. This availability greatly influences the quality of the final products. This work consisted in developing a method for determining the quantity of extracellular liquid in a cell-component food matrix. The method developed is spectrophotometric-based and consists in adding a known mass of polymer (poly(4-styrenesulfonate) sodium salt, PSS) to a rasped vegetal material and defining its concentration in the supernatant separated from the solid phase. The PSS molar mass prevents it from penetrating into plant cells. The PSS concentration measured makes it possible to calculate the extracellular liquid volume. The method validation and its application to rasped and processed (fermentation, pressing) cassava makes it possible to obtain results in agreement with those obtained with other methods.

Published
2019
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29. Can traders help farmers transition towards more sustainable maize based farming systems? Evidence from the Lao-Vietnamese border

Author

Cu Thi Le Thuy, Hoang Xuan Thao, Huu Huan Le, Luu Ngoc Quyen, Isabelle Vagneron, Lava Yadav, Oleg Nicetic, Ammar Abdul Aziz, Dominic Smith, University of Queensland [Brisbane], International Center for Tropical Agriculture [Hanoï] (CIAT Asia), International Center for Tropical Agriculture [Colombie] (CIAT), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Northern Mountainous Agriculture and Forestry Science Institute (NOMAFSI), Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) (UMR MoISA), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Département Environnements et Sociétés (Cirad-ES), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), and Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
Natural resource economics, F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture, Adoption de l'innovation, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Commercialization, Maize value chain, Sustainable agriculture, Agriculture durable, 2. Zero hunger, Commerce agricole, Agriculture, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Sustainable, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Incentive, Vietnam, Markets, Economics and Econometrics, chaînes de valeur, Conservation agriculture, E70 - Commerce, commercialisation et distribution, Zea mays, Value chain, Durabilité, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Downstream (petroleum industry), E10 - Économie et politique agricoles, Government, business.industry, commercialisation, 15. Life on land, Maize, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Système de culture, business, Agronomy and Crop Science
Abstract

International audience; Intensive maize cultivation in the uplands of North-west Vietnam has resulted in soil erosion leading to reduced maize yields along with negative impacts downstream. Despite the introduction of sustainable agricultural technologies over many years, adoption rates are low mostly due to their incompatibility with existing farming systems and lack of secure markets for alternative crops. In addition, the temporary nature of development programmes and limited capacity of government extension systems have resulted in limited spread of technology, and where they have been introduced, unable to secure long-lasting commitments from farmers. In this study, we explore an alternative model involving maize value chain actors for attaining more durable transition towards sustainable maize farming systems. We find maize traders operating at lower levels of the value chain with active engagement with the farming community to be best suited for engaging in technology dissemination. While their involvement may require additional incentives and oversight from the government it is imperative that support for commercialization through promising market links are established to achieve a more meaningful shift towards sustainable farming methods.

Published
2021
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30. Introducing ‘Anthropocene Science’: A New International Journal for Addressing Human Impact on the Resilience of Planet Earth

Author

Patrick J. O’Farrell, Danny Hunter, Pete Smith, Othmane Merah, Saskia Keesstra, Ruth DeFries, Lindsay C. Stringer, Simone Bastianoni, Simron Jit Singh, Weiqiang Chen, Shizuka Hashimoto, Leonardo Fernandes Fraceto, Purushothaman Chirakkuzhyil Abhilash, Billie Turner, Prajal Pradhan, Neven S. Fučkar, Banaras Hindu University [Varanasi] (BHU), Università degli Studi di Siena = University of Siena (UNISI), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Columbia University [New York], Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho = São Paulo State University (UNESP), University of Oxford [Oxford], The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), The Alliance of Bioversity International and the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) [Cali], Alliance of Bioversity International and the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) [Rome] (Alliance), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Team Soil Water and Land Use, Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen UR, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Chimie Agro-Industrielle (CAI), Ecole nationale supérieure des ingénieurs en arts chimiques et technologiques-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of Cape Town, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), School of Environment, Enterprise and Development [Waterloo] (SEED), University of Waterloo [Waterloo], University of Aberdeen, University of York [York, UK], and Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU)

Subjects
Sustainable development, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Environmental ethics, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Editorial, Anthropocene, Planet, Political science, Earth (chemistry), Resilience (network), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

International audience

Published
2021
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31. Enhancement of the aroma compound 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline in thai jasmine rice (Oryza sativa) by rhizobacteria under salt stress

Author

Kawiporn Chinachanta, Laetitia Herrmann, Arawan Shutsrirung, Wasu Pathom-aree, Didier Lesueur, Chiang Mai University (CMU), International Center for Tropical Agriculture [Hanoï] (CIAT Asia), International Center for Tropical Agriculture [Colombie] (CIAT), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), The Alliance of Bioversity International and International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) [Hanoi], Alliance of Bioversity International and the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) [Rome] (Alliance), Deakin University [Burwood], Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Graduate School, Chiang Mai University

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, QH301-705.5, Oryza sativa, Biology, Rhizobacteria, 2-Acetyl-1-pyrroline, 01 natural sciences, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Article, aromatic rice, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Grain quality, Aroma compound, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Tolérance au sel, Biology (General), 2AP, Q04 - Composition des produits alimentaires, Rhizobactérie, Aromatic rice, Aroma, 030304 developmental biology, salinity stress, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, Rhizosphere, General Immunology and Microbiology, 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline, food and beverages, Composé aromatique, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Horticulture, Stress osmotique, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Thai jasmine rice, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Simple Summary The major aroma compound (2-acetyl-1-pyrroline) of the world-famous Thai jasmine rice, variety KDML105, has declined due to high soil salinity and agrochemical input. In this work, the rhizobacteria from rice were investigated for the aroma compound’s production, as well as their potential for increasing the compound content in Thai jasmine rice seedlings under saline conditions. Our results provide evidence that the addition of aroma compound-producing rhizobacteria increases the aroma content in the rice seedlings under salt stress. Sinomonas sp. strain ORF15-23 which colonize the rice roots, is a promising rhizobacteria in promoting the aroma level of the Thai jasmine rice grown under salt stress and could be developed as a bioinoculant for Thai jasmine rice cultivation in a salt-affected area. Abstract Thai jasmine rice (Oryza sativa L. KDML105), particularly from inland salt-affected areas in Thailand, is both domestically and globally valued for its unique aroma and high grain quality. The key aroma compound, 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP), has undergone a gradual degradation due to anthropogenic soil salinization driven by excessive chemical input and climate change. Here, we propose a cheaper and an ecofriendly solution to improve the 2AP levels, based on the application of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). In the present study, nine PGPR isolates from rice rhizosphere were investigated for the 2AP production in liquid culture and the promotion potential for 2AP content in KDML105 rice seedlings under four NaCl concentrations (0, 50, 100, and 150 mM NaCl). The inoculation of 2AP-producing rhizobacteria resulted in an increase in 2AP content in rice seedling leaves with the maximum enhancement from Sinomonas sp. ORF15-23 at 50 mM NaCl (19.6 µg·kg−1), corresponding to a 90.2% increase as compared to the control. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed the colonization of Sinomonas sp. ORF15-23 in the roots of salinity-stressed KDML105 seedlings. Our results provide evidence that Sinomonas sp. ORF15-23 could be a promising PGPR isolate in promoting aroma level of Thai jasmine rice KDML105 under salt stress.

Published
2021
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32. Diet quality and food sources in Vietnam: first evidence using compositional data analysis

Author

Simioni, Michel, Trinh, Huong Thi, Huynh, Tuyen Thi Thanh, Vuong, Thao-Vy, Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) (UMR MoISA), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Thuongmai University, Partenaires INRAE, International Center for Tropical Agriculture [Hanoï] (CIAT Asia), International Center for Tropical Agriculture [Colombie] (CIAT), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Cornell University [New York], Contributions to this research were supported by the CGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for nutrition and health (CRP-A4NH) through its flagship program on Food systems for healthy diets. Financial support from the CIRAD—INRA GloFoodS program is fully acknowledged., Abdelaati Daouia, Anne Ruiz-Gazen, Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Perez, Isabelle

Subjects
[SHS.STAT]Humanities and Social Sciences/Methods and statistics, [SHS.STAT] Humanities and Social Sciences/Methods and statistics, [SHS] Humanities and Social Sciences, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract

International audience; Food environments have been evolving rapidly in lower-middle-income countries. Nevertheless, little is known about the impact of these changes on diet quality. Thanks to the availability of detailed data on Vietnamese household consumption, this chapter presents a set of first results on the association between food sources and diet quality. These results highlight the contrasts between three Vietnamese districts located on an urban to rural gradient. We used recent advances in compositional data analysis to take into account the compositional nature of the share data describing the different food sources: principal balances as a tool for summarizing information carried by share data and techniques to deal with observed zero-valued shares.

Published
2021
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33. How application of agricultural waste can enhance soil health in soils acidified by tea cultivation: a review

Author

Viet San Le, Laetitia Herrmann, Lee Hudek, Thi Binh Nguyen, Didier Lesueur, Lambert Bräu, Deakin University [Burwood], Northern Mountainous Agriculture and Forestry Science Institute (NOMAFSI), The Alliance of Bioversity International and International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) [Hanoi], Alliance of Bioversity International and the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) [Rome] (Alliance), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), International Center for Tropical Agriculture [Hanoï] (CIAT Asia), International Center for Tropical Agriculture [Colombie] (CIAT), Independent Researcher [Vietnam], Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Deakin University and Alliance of Bioversity International and International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Asia Hub

Subjects
[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Soil acidification, Organic manure, Environmental pollution, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Camellia sinensis, Soil pH, Soil health, 2. Zero hunger, Agroforestry, Sol acide, food and beverages, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 6. Clean water, Utilisation des déchets, Amélioration des sols, P33 - Chimie et physique du sol, Tea plantations, Déchet agricole, complex mixtures, 12. Responsible consumption, Acidification, Qualité du sol, Environmental Chemistry, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Agricultural waste, P36 - Érosion, conservation et récupération des sols, Amendement du sol, business.industry, Productivité des terres, Q70 - Traitement des déchets agricoles, 15. Life on land, Soil quality, Soil conditioner, Biochar, 13. Climate action, Agriculture, Soil water, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, business
Abstract

International audience; Tea is one of the world's most consumed beverages and an important crop of many developing countries. Intensive tea cultivation has negative impacts on soil health properties and the environment. While soil acidification in tea plantations is a known severe issue, there is a lack of literature analysis of the ways in which soil acidification affects soil health, tea productivity and the environment, and suitable methods to control this issue. Here, we review the mechanisms of tea soil acidification and consequences, the potential of common agricultural wastes for ameliorating soil acidity and enhancing soil health and crop productivity, as well as reducing environmental pollution under tea cultivation. We show that intensive application of mineral nitrogen is the main cause of soil acidification in tea plantations, while tea plants also play a part in accelerating tea soil acidity. Agricultural waste and byproducts have a great potential to correct soil acidity, and to enhance soil health, tea productivity and quality. These soil amendments also have drawbacks such as metal and pathogen pollution, and supplementary costs.

Published
2021
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34. Assessment of biofertilizer use for sustainable agriculture in the Great Mekong Region

Author

Panlada Tittabutr, Mary Atieno, Maw Maw Than, Nghia Khoi Nguyen, Lambert Bräu, Ruan Zhiyong, Arawan Shutsrirung, Laetitia Herrmann, Hoan Thi Phan, Didier Lesueur, Pao Srean, Huong Thu Nguyen, International Center for Tropical Agriculture [Hanoï] (CIAT Asia), International Center for Tropical Agriculture [Colombie] (CIAT), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Can Tho University [Vietnam] (CTU), University of Battambang (UBB), Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Irrigation [Myanmar] (MOALI), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Suranaree University of Technology (SUT), Chiang Mai University (CMU), Deakin University [Burwood], Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) [SLAM/2018/123], Fundamental Research Funds for the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Project Y2020GH14), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture, agroécologie, 0208 environmental biotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, Biofertilizers, 01 natural sciences, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Soil health, 11. Sustainability, Sustainable agriculture, Agriculture durable, Waste Management and Disposal, 2. Zero hunger, education.field_of_study, Agroecological practices, Agroforestry, 1. No poverty, Agriculture, General Medicine, Biofertilisant, Thailand, 6. Clean water, Pratique culturale, Vietnam, Cambodia, China, Environmental Engineering, Biofertilizer, Population, Great Mekong Region, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, 12. Responsible consumption, Fertilité du sol, Qualité du sol, Agricultural productivity, Fertilizers, education, Agroecology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Nutrient management, business.industry, Évaluation de l'impact, Impact sur l'environnement, 15. Life on land, 020801 environmental engineering, 13. Climate action, Business, Soil fertility, F04 - Fertilisation
Abstract

International audience; A growing concern on the deleterious effects of chemical inputs to the environment has been on the rise from the excessive use of chemical inputs leading to soil and water pollution, destruction to fauna and microbial communities, reduced soil fertility and increased crop disease susceptibility. In the Great Mekong Region (GMR), a large majority of the population relies on agriculture and faces severe challenges including decline in soil fertility, increased pests and diseases, leading to lower ecosystem productivity. In this region, over-dependence on chemical fertilizers also continues to impact negatively on soil health and the wider ecosystem. Agroecological practices, and beneficial microorganisms in particular, offer an affordable and sustainable alternative to mineral inputs for improved plant nutrition and soil health for optimal crop performance and sustainable production. Biofertilizers are a key component in integrated nutrient management as well as for increased economic benefits from reduced expenditure on chemical fertilizers, holistically leading to sustainable agriculture. To cope with the need for biofertilizer adoption for sustainable agricultural production, the countries in the GMR are putting efforts in promoting development and use of biofertilizers and making them available to farmers at affordable costs. Despite these efforts, farmers continue to use chemical fertilizers at high rates with the hope of increased yields instead of taking advantage of microbial products capable of providing plant nutrients while restoring or improving soil health. This study explored the current agricultural practices in the six countries in the GMR (China, Vietnam, Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia and Lao PDR), the critical need for sustainable agroecological practices with a special emphasis on biofertilizers. We highlighted the current status, distribution, adoption and gaps of biofertilizer production in the GMR, in order to obtain an insight on the nature of biofertilizers, efficacy and production standards, adoption or lack of biofertilizers in the GMR.

Published
2020
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35. Does inoculation with native rhizobia enhance nitrogen fixation and yield of cowpea through legume-based intercropping in the northern mountainous areas of Vietnam?

Author

Sutkhet Nakasathien, Ed Sarobol, Mary Atieno, Didier Lesueur, Trung Thanh Nguyen, Kien Tri Nguyen, Laetitia Herrmann, Arunee Wongkaew, Vietnam National University of Agriculture (VNUA), Kasetsart University (KU), International Center for Tropical Agriculture [Hanoï] (CIAT Asia), International Center for Tropical Agriculture [Colombie] (CIAT), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Deakin University [Burwood], Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Southeast Asian Regional Center for Graduate Study and Research in Agriculture (SEARCA), Alliance of Bioversity and CIAT, and ACTAE project funded by the French Agency of Development (AFD)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture, Fixation biologique de l'azote, agroécologie, Biological Nitrogen Fixation, Rhizobia, 01 natural sciences, Culture intercalaire, Région d'altitude, Microbial inoculant, 2. Zero hunger, biology, Inoculation, P35 - Fertilité du sol, food and beverages, Intercropping, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, F61 - Physiologie végétale - Nutrition, Rendement des cultures, Agronomy, Cowpea, Shoot, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, Nitrogen fixation, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Rhizobium, Système de culture, Soil fertility, Agronomy and Crop Science, Vigna unguiculata, Agroecology, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

In the Northern mountainous region of Vietnam, cassava–cowpea intercropping system has been widely promoted with support from the local agricultural department. However, cowpea yield is often limited because of a low Biological Nitrogen Fixation (BNF) activity due to its low natural nodulation and lack of available effective Rhizobium products. The aim of this study was to identify the most effective native rhizobia isolate nodulating cowpea with the potential to increase BNF and yield of cowpea. A greenhouse experiment was initially conducted with five treatments: three native rhizobia isolates (CMBP037, CMBP054, and CMBP065); a control (no inoculation and no N application); and N+ (no inoculation, application of N as KNO3). Field inoculations were carried out and the treatments were as follows: a control (no inoculation); CMBP (037+054) – a mixture of strains from Mau Dong; CMBP065 strain from Cat Thinh. CMBP054 and CMBP065 had the highest nodulation in the greenhouse (46.4 and 60.7 nodules plant−1, respectively) and were rated as effective with symbiotic efficiency (SEF) of 54.56 and 55.73%, respectively. In the field, CMBP (037+054) recorded significantly higher nodulation (19.4 nodules plant−1) than the control (11.7 nodules plant−1). CMBP (037+054) also increased cowpea shoot dry weight, shoot N, and yield by 28.6, 4.9, and 10.5%, respectively, compared to the uninoculated control. This effect was slope dependent (statistically significant in moderate and steep slope, not with gentle slope). Besides, the high expansion rate of intercropping with cowpea showed the high adoption level of these agroecological practices by local farmers. This study reveals the potential of native rhizobia inoculation to enhance soil fertility and sustainable agriculture in the Northern mountainous region of Vietnam and proposes enhanced efforts to promote the availability and utilization of effective inoculants for cowpea.

Published
2020
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36. Importance of genetic parameters and uncertainty of MANIHOT, a new mechanistic cassava simulation model

Author

Luis Augusto Becerra Lopez-Lavalle, Julian Ramirez-Villegas, Pieter Pypers, Daniel Wallach, María Sara Mejía de Tafur, Myles J. Fisher, Senthold Asseng, Steven D. Prager, Leidy Patricia Moreno-Cadena, Rafael Muñoz-Carpena, Gerrit Hoogenboom, Universidad Nacional de Colombia Palmira, University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering [Gainesville] (UF|ABE), Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences [Gainesville] (UF|IFAS), University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF)-University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), International Center for Tropical Agriculture [Colombie] (CIAT), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA-Benin), International Institute of Tropical Agriculture [Nigeria] (IITA), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) as part of the African Cassava Agronomy Initiative (ACAI) - Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation OPP1130649, and NASA Earth Science/Applied Science Program

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Manihot, Soil Science, Plant Science, 01 natural sciences, Article, Statistics, Sensitivity (control systems), Leaf area index, Uncertainty analysis, Mathematics, biology, Simulation modeling, Sampling (statistics), Sobol sequence, Sobol, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, biology.organism_classification, Agronomy, 13. Climate action, Enhanced sampling uniformity (eSU), 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, DSSAT, Sensitivity analysis, Agronomy and Crop Science, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Highlights • Model outputs showed sensitivity to about 80 % of the 16 genetic parameters. • At least 20 % of the output variance is due to interactions among parameters. • Importance of parameters varied between warm and cool environments. • Sensitivity of parameters did not differ between rainfed and unlimited conditions. • Uncertainty due to crop model parameters can be larger than crop model uncertainty., We identified the most sensitive genotype-specific parameters (GSPs) and their contribution to the uncertainty of the MANIHOT simulation model. We applied a global sensitivity and uncertainty analysis (GSUA) of the GSPs to the simulation outputs for the cassava development, growth, and yield in contrasting environments. We compared enhanced Sampling for Uniformity, a qualitative screening method new to crop simulation modeling, and Sobol, a quantitative, variance-based method. About 80% of the GSPs contributed to most of the variation in maximum leaf area index (LAI), yield, and aboveground biomass at harvest. Relative importance of the GSPs varied between warm and cool temperatures but did not differ between rainfed and no water limitation conditions. Interactions between GSPs explained 20% of the variance in simulated outputs. Overall, the most important GSPs were individual node weight, radiation use efficiency, and maximum individual leaf area. Base temperature for leaf development was more important for cool compared to warm temperatures. Parameter uncertainty had a substantial impact on model predictions in MANIHOT simulations, with the uncertainty 2–5 times larger for warm compared to cool temperatures. Identification of important GSPs provides an objective way to determine the processes of a simulation model that are critical versus those that have little relevance.

Published
2020
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38. Tropical forage technologies can deliver multiple benefits in Sub-Saharan Africa. A meta-analysis

Author

Jeroen C.J. Groot, An Maria Omer Notenbaert, Jessica Koge, Birthe K. Paul, Michael Peters, Pablo Tittonell, Brigitte L. Maass, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), International Center for Tropical Agriculture [Kenya] (CIAT), International Center for Tropical Agriculture [Colombie] (CIAT), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), University of Göttingen - Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche (IFAB), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET)-Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Agroécologie et Intensification Durables des cultures annuelles (UPR AIDA), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), University of Groningen [Groningen], Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), and Tittonell group

Subjects
Environmental Engineering, [SDV.SA.AGRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy, Forage agronomy, Multi-dimensional impacts, Forage grass, Herbaceous legume, 0502 economics and business, Sustainable agriculture, Crop-livestock systems, Cropping system, Stover, business.industry, Soil organic carbon, Crop yield, 05 social sciences, Sustainable intensification, Farm Systems Ecology Group, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Soil carbon, PE&RC, Manure, Agronomy, Agriculture, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Livestock, 050202 agricultural economics & policy, business, Agronomy and Crop Science, Livestock productivity
Abstract

Scarcity of quantity and quality feed has been a key constraint to productivity of smallholder crop-livestock systems. Tropical forages include a variety of annual and perennial grasses, herbaceous and dual-purpose legumes, and multipurpose trees and shrubs. They have been promoted in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) for increasing livestock productivity and household income through higher quantity and quality of herbage, while contributing to soil improvement and higher food crop yields. For the first time, we quantitatively reviewed 72 experimental studies from across SSA to take stock of geographical distribution and forage technology focus of past research; quantify magnitudes of multidimensional impacts of forage technologies; and present variability in forage agronomy data. Improved forage technologies were classified into four groups: (i) germplasm, (ii) management, (iii) cropping system integration, and (iv) feeding regime. Mean weighted response ratios were calculated from 780 pairs of observations for 13 indicators across the five impact dimensions. Improved forage germplasm had on average 2.6 times higher herbage productivity than local controls, with strongest effect in grasses. Feeding regimes with improved leguminous forages increased milk yield by on average 39%, dry matter intake by 25%, and manure production by 24%. When forage technologies were integrated with food crops, soil loss was almost halved, soil organic carbon increased on average by 10%, and grain and stover yields by 60% and 33%, respectively. This study demonstrates the central role improved forages could play in sustainable intensification of crop-livestock systems in SSA. It highlights the need for multidisciplinary and systems-level approaches and studies to quantify synergies and tradeoffs between impact dimensions. Further research is needed to explain forage agronomic yield variability, unraveling interactions between genotype, on-farm environmental conditions, and management factors. Results from this review can inform development programs, prioritizing technologies proven successful for dissemination and indicating magnitudes of expected impacts.

Published
2020
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39. Set ambitious goals for biodiversity and sustainability

Author

Suneetha M. Subramanian, Noelia Zafra-Calvo, Henrique M. Pereira, Martine Maron, David Obura, Piero Visconti, Juan Carlos Rocha, Peter H. Verburg, José María Fernández-Palacios, Samantha L. L. Hill, Carlo Rondinini, Michael William Bruford, Fabrice DeClerck, Bernardo B. N. Strassburg, James E. M. Watson, Yunne-Jai Shin, Lynne J. Shannon, Luc De Meester, Philip J. K. McGowan, Lucas Alejandro Garibaldi, Eva Spehn, Forest Isbell, Amy E. Zanne, Neil Burgess, Wendy Broadgate, Ehsan Dulloo, Sandra Díaz, M. Rebecca Shaw, Andy Purvis, Jianguo Liu, Victoria Reyes-García, Jeannine Cavender-Bares, Colin K. Khoury, Berta Martín-López, Paul Leadley, Cornelia B. Krug, Rebecca Chaplin-Kramer, Joshua J. Tewksbury, Paul V. R. Snelgrove, The Natural History Museum [London] (NHM), Imperial College London, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), Ecologie Systématique et Evolution (ESE), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Leuphana Universität Lüneburg, Universidad Tecnica Federico Santa Maria [Valparaiso] (UTFSM), Cardiff University, University of Minnesota System, The Alliance of Bioversity International and the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) [Cali], Alliance of Bioversity International and the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) [Rome] (Alliance), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Universidad de La Laguna [Tenerife - SP] (ULL), University of Minnesota [Twin Cities] (UMN), Tsinghua University [Beijing] (THU), Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Universidade do Porto, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, conservation biology, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Biodiversity, 01 natural sciences, Public Policy, Conservation of Natural Resources, Multidisciplinary approach, Biodiversidad y Conservación, environmental policy, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, media_common, 2. Zero hunger, Convention on Biological Diversity, Multidisciplinary, sustainability, Sostenibilidad, Negotiation, assessment method, priority journal, species extinction, enetic variability, science and technology, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, media_common.quotation_subject, species identification, environmental monitoring, Sustainability Science, 010603 evolutionary biology, Biodiversidad, natural science, motivation, Political science, controlled study, 14. Life underwater, human, environmental sustainability, Set (psychology), Environmental planning, environmental protection, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Ambiente, ecosystem, nonhuman, Ecología, 15. Life on land, Action (philosophy), quality of life, 13. Climate action, Sustainability, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Global biodiversity
Abstract

Fil: Díaz, Sandra. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Departamento de Diversidad Biológica y Ecología. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentina. Fil: Díaz, Sandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnica. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentina. Fil: Zafra Calvo, Noelia. Future Earth; España. Fil: Purvis, Andy. Natural History Museum; Reino Unido. Fil: Verburg, Peter H. VU University Amsterdam. Institute for Environmental Studies: Países Bajos. Fil: Obura, David. Coastal Oceans Research and Development Indian Ocean; Kenia. Fil: Leadley, Paul. Université Paris-Sud. Ecologie Systématique Evolution; Francia. Fil: Chaplin Kramer, Rebecca. Stanford University. Natural Capital Project; Estados Unidos. Fil: De Meester, Luc. Leibniz Institut für Gewässerökologie und Binnenfischerei; Alemania. Fil: Dulloo, Ehsan. Bioversity International; Mauricio. Fil: Martín- López, Berta. Leuphana University of Lüneburg. Faculty of Sustainability; Alemania. Fil: Shaw, Rebecca. The World Wide Fund for Nature; Estados Unidos. Fil: Visconti, Piero. International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis. Ecosystem Services and Management Program; Austria. Fil: Broadgate, Wendy. Future Earth; Suecia. Fil: Bruford, Michael W. Cardiff University. School of Biosciences and Sustainable Places Institute; Reino Unido. Fil: Burgess, Neil D. UN Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre; Reino Unido. Fil: Cavender Bares, Jeannine. University of Minnesota. Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior; Estados Unidos. Fil: DeClerck, Fabrice. EAT Foundation; Noruega. Fil: Fernández Palacios, José María. Universidad de La Laguna. Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias; España. Fil: Garibaldi, Lucas A. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro. Instituto de Investigaciones en Recursos Naturales, Agroecología y Desarrollo Rural. Río Negro, Argentina. Fil: Garibaldi, Lucas A. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Recursos Naturales, Agroecología y Desarrollo Rural. Río Negro, Argentina. Fil: Hill, Samantha L. L. UN Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre; Reino Unido. Fil: Isbell, Forest. University of Minnesota. Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior; Estados Unidos. Fil: Khoury, Colin K. International Center for Tropical Agriculture; Colombia. Fil: Krug, Cornelia B. University of Zurich. Department of Geography; Suiza. Fil: Liu, Jianguo. Michigan State University; Estados Unidos. Fil: Maron, Martine. The University of Queensland; Australia. Fil: McGowan, Philip J. K. Newcastle University. School of Natural and Environmental Sciences; Reino Unido. Fil: Pereira, Henrique M. German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research; Alemania. Fil: Reyes García, Victoria. Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies; España. Fil: Rocha, Juan. Future Earth; Suecia. Fil: Rondinini, Carlo. Sapienza University of Rome. Department of Biology and Biotechnologies. Global Mammal Assessment Program; Italia. Fil: Shannon, Lynne. University of Cape Town. Department of Biological Sciences; Sudáfrica. Fil: Shin, Yunne-Jai. University of Cape Town. Department of Biological Sciences; Sudáfrica. Fil: Snelgrove, Paul V. R. Memorial University of Newfoundland. Departments of Ocean Sciences and Biology; Canada. Fil: Spehn, Eva M. Swiss Academy of Sciences. Swiss Biodiversity Forum; Suiza. Fil: Strassburg, Bernardo. Pontifical Catholic University. Department of Geography and the Environment. Rio Conservation and Sustainability Science Centre; Brasil. Fil: Subramanian, Suneetha M. United Nations University. Institute for the Advanced Study of Sustainability; Japón. Fil: Tewksbury, Joshua J. University of Colorado; Estados Unidos. Fil: Watson, James E. M. Wildlife Conservation Society; Estados Unidos. Fil: Zanne, Amy E. George Washington University. Department of Biological Sciences; Estados Unidos. Global biodiversity policy is at a crossroads. Recent global assessments of living nature (1, 2) and climate (3) show worsening trends and a rapidly narrowing window for action. The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) has recently announced that none of the 20 Aichi targets for biodiversity it set in 2010 has been reached and only six have been partially achieved (4). Against this backdrop, nations are now negotiating the next generation of the CBD's global goals [see supplementary materials (SM)], due for adoption in 2021, which will frame actions of governments and other actors for decades to come. In response to the goals proposed in the draft post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) made public by the CBD (5), we urge negotiators to consider three points that are critical if the agreed goals are to stabilize or reverse nature's decline. First, multiple goals are required because of nature's complexity, with different facets—genes, populations, species, deep evolutionary history, ecosystems, and their contributions to people—having markedly different geographic distributions and responses to human drivers. Second, interlinkages among these facets mean that goals must be defined and developed holistically rather than in isolation, with potential to advance multiple goals simultaneously and minimize trade-offs between them. Third, only the highest level of ambition in setting each goal, and implementing all goals in an integrated manner, will give a realistic chance of stopping—and beginning to reverse—biodiversity loss by 2050.

Published
2020
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40. Testing of commercial inoculants to enhance P uptake and grain yield of promiscuous soybean in Kenya

Author

Ibrahima Ndoye, Didier Lesueur, Yolande Dalpé, T. Diope, Zachary P. Stewart, Keziah Wairimu Ndung'u-Magiroi, Adana Faye, Macoumba Diouf, P. V. V. Prasad, Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles [Dakar] (ISRA), Kansas State University, Kenya Agricultural & Livestock Research Organization (KALRO), Ministère de l'Agriculture et de l'Équipement rural (MAER), Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD), ECORC Agriculture and Agri-Food, Agriculture and Agri-Food [Ottawa] (AAFC), Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), International Center for Tropical Agriculture [Hanoï] (CIAT Asia), International Center for Tropical Agriculture [Colombie] (CIAT), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Deakin University [Burwood], Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation through the Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility Institute of International Center for Tropical Agriculture (TSBF-CIAT) project with the acronym COMPRO 1 (COmmercial Microbial PRoducts 1), Agriculture and Agri-Food (AAFC), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Glycine max, rhizobial inoculant, Geography, Planning and Development, Biomass, Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Colonisation de la rhizosphère, Renewable energy sources, GE1-350, Colonization, Mycorrhiza, 2. Zero hunger, Soil health, Augmentation de rendement, Environmental effects of industries and plants, biology, food and beverages, Phosphorus, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Soil type, Rhizobium, Phosphore, Inoculation des racines, Randomized block design, TJ807-830, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, Mycorhization, TD194-195, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Microbial inoculant, soil health, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, fungi, P34 - Biologie du sol, biology.organism_classification, Environmental sciences, Agronomy, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Mycorrhizal inoculant, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

The aim of this study was to assess the potential of commercial mycorrhizal inoculants and a rhizobial inoculant to improve soybean yield in Kenya. A promiscuous soybean variety was grown in a greenhouse pot study with two representative soils amended with either water-soluble mineral P or rock P to assess product performance. The performance of selected mycorrhizal inoculants combined with a rhizobial inoculant (Legumefix) was then assessed with farmer groups in three agroecological zones using a small-plot, randomized complete block design to assess soybean root colonization by mycorrhiza, nodulation, and plant biomass production in comparison to rhizobial inoculant alone or with water-soluble mineral P. Greenhouse results showed highly significant root colonization by commercial mycorrhizal inoculant alone (p &lt, 0.001) and in interaction with soil type (p &lt, 0.0001) and P source (p &lt, 0.0001). However, no significant effect was shown in plant P uptake, biomass production, or leaf chlorophyll index. In field conditions, the effects of mycorrhizal and rhizobial inoculants in combination or alone were highly context-specific and may induce either a significant increase or decrease in root mycorrhizal colonization and nodule formation. Mycorrhizal and rhizobial inoculants in combination or alone had limited effect on plant P uptake, biomass production, leaf chlorophyll index, and grain yield. Though some mycorrhizal inoculants induced significant root colonization by mycorrhizal inoculants, this did not lead to higher soybean yield, even in soils with limited P content. Our results are further evidence that inoculant type, soil type, and P source are critical factors to evaluate commercial inoculants on a context-specific basis. However, our results highlight the need for the identification of additional targeting criteria, as inoculant type, soil type, and P source alone were not enough to be predictive of the response. Without the identification of predictive criteria for improved targeting, the economic use of such inoculants will remain elusive.

Published
2020
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41. Mapping multiple ecosystem services indicators: Toward an objective-oriented approach

Author

Johan Oszwald, Thierry Desjardins, Patrick Lavelle, Michel Grimaldi, Simon Dufour, Solen Le Clec'h, Nicolas Jégou, Thibaud Decaëns, Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique UMR 6554 (LETG), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université d'Angers (UA)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département de Mathématiques Appliquées au Sciences Sociales, Université Européenne de Bretagne (UEB), International Center for Tropical Agriculture [Colombie] (CIAT), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), ANR AMAZ, ANR AGES, Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (IEES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (IEES (UMR_7618 / UMR_D_242 / UMR_A_1392 / UM_113) ), CIAT International Center for Tropical Agriculture, Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université d'Angers (UA)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), and Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)

Subjects
Trade-offs, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Ecosystem services associations, télédétection, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], General Decision Sciences, Land cover, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, service écosystémique, biodiversité, Ecosystem services, remote sensing, approche orientée objet, amazonie, analyse en composantes principales, amazonia, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Soil map, PCA, spatial distribution, Ecology, Land use, business.industry, Environmental resource management, Land-cover, distribution spatiale, Sampling (statistics), Vegetation, Brazilian Amazon, 15. Life on land, Geography, 13. Climate action, Principal component analysis, Hotspots, Species richness, business, Scoring, Ecosystem services indicators
Abstract

Quantifying and mapping ecosystem services (ES), their indicators and their relationships is of crucial importance for environmental management. In this article, we analyze the spatial distribution of multiple-ES indicators at three locations on the pioneer fronts of the Brazilian Amazon. We identify trade-offs and synergies between six ES indicators for soil, vegetation and biodiversity characterization. We also propose spatial representations of multiple-ES indicators (vegetation carbon stocks, rates of water infiltration into soil, soil chemical quality, soil carbon stocks, biodiversity and richness in Sphingidae). Finally, we discuss three different methods to map them depending on the goals of the maps, arguing that maps lean on objective-oriented approaches. The study is based on remote sensing and sampling data from 135 sampling points. We created multiple-ES indicators maps based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA), a score of ES richness, and discrimination of land cover units. PCA is an appropriate tool for showing high correlations between indicators, nevertheless has notable limitations for visual communication. The scoring method may help mapping ES hotspots, however it fails to consider relationships among them. The land-cover-based method has the advantage of being simple and easy to interpret, still it may not consider important indicators not related to land-cover changes. We discuss the interests and limitations of these different ways to map multiple-ES indicators, regarding the final goals of the maps.

Published
2016
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42. Innovation in Tigernut (Cyperus Esculentus L.) Milk Production: In Situ Hydrolysis of Starch

Author

Robert Ndjouenkeu, Richard Ejoh, Cédric Delattre, Guillaume Pierre, Thierry Tran, Olivier Gibert, Bakari Hamadou, Djomdi, Philippe Michaud, Department of the Renewable Energies, The National Advanced School of Engineering of Maroua, University of Maroua, Maroua P.O.Box 46, Energy Research Laboratory, Renewable Energy Section (LRE/SENC), Institute for Geological and Mining Research (IRGM), Nlongkak Yaounde P.O.Box 4110, Démarche intégrée pour l'obtention d'aliments de qualité (UMR QualiSud), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), The Alliance of Bioversity International and the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) [Cali], Alliance of Bioversity International and the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) [Rome] (Alliance), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Institut Pascal (IP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut national polytechnique Clermont Auvergne (INP Clermont Auvergne), Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Depantment of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Ngaoundéré, Ngaoundéré P.O.Box 455, Institut de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (IRGM), Démarche intégrée pour l'obtention d'aliments de qualité (UMR Qualisud), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Avignon Université (AU)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)

Subjects
Succédané de lait, Polymers and Plastics, Starch, carbohydrates, Pasteurization, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, fluids and secretions, Cyperus, law, depolymerization, Amylase, Food science, 2. Zero hunger, biology, food and beverages, Q01 - Sciences et technologies alimentaires - Considérations générales, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Sweetness, sprouting, 040401 food science, Amidon, amylases, Article, lcsh:QD241-441, Cyperus esculentus, Hydrolysis, 0404 agricultural biotechnology, lcsh:Organic chemistry, Q02 - Traitement et conservation des produits alimentaires, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, [SDV.BBM.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biochemistry [q-bio.BM], Hydrolyse, 010401 analytical chemistry, Extraction (chemistry), General Chemistry, Carbohydrate, biology.organism_classification, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry, biology.protein, sweetness
Abstract

Tigernut tubers (Cyperus esculentus) are used for the production of vegetable milk, commonly known as &ldquo, Horchata de chufa&rdquo, in Spain. The presence of starch in the tuber limits the yield of the milk, since this carbohydrate gelatinizes during the pasteurization of the milk and leads to the considerable solidification of this drink. The present work aims to improve the yields and extraction practice of the milk by an in situ hydrolysis of starch, using exogenous amylases of industrial or vegetable origin. The obtained results show that sprouting improves the extraction yields of tigernut milk, which goes from 50% to about 70%. This improvement in milk yield corresponds to a hydrolysis of about 35% of the starch in the tuber. The use of exogenous amylases leads to starch hydrolysis rates of 45% and 70%, respectively, for amylolytic extracts from sprouted tigernut tubers and amylase, with the corollary of a natural increase in the sweetness of milk. This technical approach makes it possible to produce a naturally sweetened tigernut milk which easily lends itself to pasteurization without a significant increase in viscosity.

Published
2020
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43. Assessing the ecological vulnerability of forest landscape to agricultural frontier expansion in the Central Highlands of Vietnam

Author

Johan Oszwald, Louis Reymondin, Lilian Blanc, Plinio Sist, Hélène Dessard, Valéry Gond, Jeremy Bourgoin, Peter Läderach, Clément Bourgoin, Trong Van Phan, Forêts et Sociétés (UPR Forêts et Sociétés), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), International Center for Tropical Agriculture [Hanoï] (CIAT Asia), International Center for Tropical Agriculture [Colombie] (CIAT), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Territoires, Environnement, Télédétection et Information Spatiale (UMR TETIS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Département Environnements et Sociétés (Cirad-ES), and CGIAR

Subjects
Terre agricole, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Vulnerability, 02 engineering and technology, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, 01 natural sciences, Ecosystem services, Deforestation, Ecological vulnerability, K70 - Dégâts causés aux forêts et leur protection, Computers in Earth Sciences, Central Highlands, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, 2. Zero hunger, Forest degradation, Global and Planetary Change, Forest dynamics, business.industry, Environmental resource management, Fragmentation (computing), 15. Life on land, Déboisement, E11 - Économie et politique foncières, Geography, Vietnam, Agriculture, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Forêt, Threatened species, Landscape approach, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business
Abstract

International audience; Forest conservation in human-dominated tropical landscapes ensures provision of major ecosystem services. However, conservation goals are threatened by growing demands for agricultural products. As the expansion of agricultural frontiers continues to exert increasing pressure on forest cover, it is crucial to provide indicators on forest vulnerability to improve our understanding of forest dynamics and prioritize management actions by local decision-makers. The purpose of this study is to develop a rigorous methodological framework to assess forest ecological vulnerability. We aim at evaluating the potential of remote sensing to characterize forest landscape dynamics in spatial and temporal dimensions. We present an innovative method that spatially integrates current landscape mosaic mapping with 45 years of landscape trajectories using Sentinel-2 and Landsat imagery. We derive indicators of exposure to cropland expansion, sensitivity linked with forest degradation and fragmentation, and forest capacity to respond based on forest landscape composition in Di Linh district in the Central Highlands of Vietnam. We map current forest-agricultural mosaics with high accuracy to assess landscape intensification (kappa index = 0.78). We also map the expansion of the agricultural frontier and highlighted heterogeneous agricultural encroachment on forested areas (kappa index = 0.72-0.93). Finally, we identify degradation and fragmentation trajectories that affect forest cover at different rates and intensity. Combined, these indicators pinpoint hotspots of forest vulnerability. This study provides tailored management responses and levers for action by local decision makers. The accessibility of multi-dimensional remote sensing data and the developed landscape approach open promising perspectives for continuously monitoring agricultural frontiers.

Published
2020
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44. Biodiversity loss along a gradient of deforestation in Amazonian agricultural landscapes

Author

Decaens, Thibaud, Martins, Marlucia, Feijoo, Alex, Oszwald, Johan, Dolédec, Sylvain, Mathieu, Jérôme, Arnauld De Sartre, Xavier, Bonilla, Diego, Brown, George, Cuellar Criollo, Yeimmy Andrea, Dubs, Florence, Furtado, Ivaneide, Gond, Valérie, Gordillo, Erika, Le Clec'H, Solen, Marichal, Raphaël, Mitja, Danielle, de Souza, Izildinha Miranda, Praxedes, Catarina, Rougerie, Rodolphe, Ruiz, Darío, Otero, Joel Tupac, Sanabria, Catalina, Velasquez, Alex, Zararte, Luz Elena M., Lavelle, Patrick, Étude et compréhension de la biodiversité (ECODIV), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Laboratorio de Ecologia de Invertebrado, Coordenacao de Zoologia, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi [Belém, Brésil] (MPEG), Universidad Tecnologica de Pereira, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira [Colombie] (UTP), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique (LETG - Rennes), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique UMR 6554 (LETG), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université d'Angers (UA)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Passages, Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Insectos de Colombia, Embrapa Florestas, Universidad de la Amazonia [Caquetá], Écologie et santé des écosystèmes (ESE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biens et services des écosystèmes forestiers tropicaux : l'enjeu du changement global (UPR BSEF), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Performance des systèmes de culture des plantes pérennes (UPR Système de pérennes), UMR 228 Espace-Dev, Espace pour le développement, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA), Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (UFRA), Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Palmira, International Center for Tropical Agriculture [Colombie] (CIAT), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Intituto Tecnologico del Putumayo, ANR, Brazilian National Council of Research, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Brest (UBO)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (IEES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad de la Amazonia, Florencia, Caqueta, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (IEES (UMR_7618 / UMR_D_242 / UMR_A_1392 / UM_113) ), Biens et services des écosystèmes forestiers tropicaux (BSEF) (Cirad-ES-UPR 105 BSEF), Département Environnements et Sociétés (Cirad-ES), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Performance des systèmes de culture des plantes pérennes (Cirad-Persyst-UPR 34 Système de pérennes), Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), Université des Antilles (UA)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Universidade Federal Rural da Amazonia (UFRA), Universidade federal rural da Amazonia, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), International Center for Tropical Agriculture, Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), TSBF_LAC, Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université d'Angers (UA)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)

Subjects
Conservation of Natural Resources, Agriculture, Biodiversity, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, Forests, Colombia, biodiversityerosion, landscapeintensification, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, threshold, Animals, biodiversityconservation, landscape intensification, biodiversity conservation, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, land-use changes, Brazil, biodiversity erosion
Abstract

International audience; Assessing how much management of agricultural landscapes, in addition to protected areas, can offset biodiversity erosion in the tropics is a central issue for conservation that still requires cross-taxonomic and landscape-scale studies. We measured the effects of Amazonia deforestation and subsequent land-use intensification in 6 agricultural areas (landscape scale), where we sampled plants and 4 animal groups (birds, earthworms, fruit flies, and moths). We assessed land-use intensification with a synthetic index based on landscape metrics (total area and relative percentages of land uses, edge density, mean patch density and diversity, and fractal structures at 5 dates from 1990 to 2007). Species richness decreased consistently as agricultural intensification increased despite slight differences in the responses of sampled groups. Globally, in moderately deforested landscapes species richness was relatively stable, and there was a clear threshold in biodiversity loss midway along the intensification gradient, mainly linked to a drop in forest cover and quality. Our results suggest anthropogenic landscapes with high-quality forest covering >40 % of the surfacearea may prevent biodiversity loss in Amazonia.

Published
2018
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45. Minjingu phosphate rock applications increase the population of phosphate solubilising microorganisms with a positive impact on crop yields in a Kenyan Ferralsol

Author

Laetitia Herrmann, John Robert Okalebo, Boaz Waswa, Keziah Wairimu Ndung'u-Magiroi, André Bationo, Didier Lesueur, C. O. Othieno, Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, University of Eldoret (UoE), Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility Institute of CIAT (TSBF), International Center for Tropical Agriculture [Colombie] (CIAT), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), International Center for Tropical Agriculture [Kenya] (CIAT), Action for Integrated Rural Development, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology [GHANA] (KNUST), Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility Institute of CIAT, Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR), International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)

Subjects
P33 - Chimie et physique du sol, Minjingu phosphate rock, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Population, PCR–DGGE, Soil Science, Biology, Rhizobacteria, Fungal and bacterial diversity, Soil management, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, education, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, 030306 microbiology, Crop yield, fungi, P34 - Biologie du sol, food and beverages, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Mineralization (soil science), 15. Life on land, Phosphate, 6. Clean water, F61 - Physiologie végétale - Nutrition, Phosphorite, Agronomy, chemistry, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Phosphate solubilising bacteria, Soil fertility, Agronomy and Crop Science
Abstract

Soil microbes such as plant growth promoting rhizobacteria play significant roles in the solubilisation of inorganic phosphorus (P), mineralization of organic P and in improving plant P uptake. It is known that phosphate solubilising microorganisms (PSM) populations largely vary depending on the ecosystems, the cropping systems or the soil management. The capacity of Minjingu phosphate rock (PR) to enhance the populations of native PSM under three cereal–legume rotation systems was assessed in the third season of rotation. Triple super phosphate (TSP) was used as a positive control. In comparison to the negative control, application of Minjingu PR increased the total fungal diversity and phosphate solubilising bacteria (PSB) population by 67–90 % while high rates of TSP significantly (p < 0.05) reduced bacterial diversity and populations of PSB by 46–69 %. Minjingu PR also resulted in both crop and legume yields increase (41–104 % compared to the control), which were similar to those obtained with TSP application. Cropping systems incorporating sparingly soluble P sources such as Minjingu PR into soils can stimulate the populations of native PSB and agronomic productivity. They may represent a promising way of minimizing the utilization of mineral P fertilizers.

Published
2014
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46. Matches and mismatches between the global distribution of major food crops and climate suitability

Author

Lucie Mahaut, Samuel Pironon, Jean-Yves Barnagaud, François Bretagnolle, Colin K. Khoury, Zia Mehrabi, Ruben Milla, Charlotte Phillips, Loren H. Rieseberg, Cyrille Violle, Delphine Renard, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Royal Botanic Gardens [Kew], United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) World Conservation Monitoring Center (WCMC) (UNEP WCMC), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), International Center for Tropical Agriculture [Colombie] (CIAT), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), San Diego Botanic Garden, Institute for Resources, Environment, and Sustainability, University of British Columbia (UBC), Universidad Rey Juan Carlos [Madrid] (URJC), Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research Centre, L.H.R.’s research on sunflower climateadaptation is funded by Genome Canada, Genome BC andThe Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada.The Ministry of Economy and Competitivy of Spain (GrantsCGL2014-56567-R and CGL2017-83855-R, Ministerio de Economía yCompetitividad, Spain) fund R.M. research on crop’s wild progenitors.S.P. thanks the Bentham-Moxon Trust for funding a short stayat the University of British Columbia (BMT35-2017).C.K.K. was supportedby grant no. 2019-67012-29733/project accession no. 1019405from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture., ANR-17-MPGA-0004,ASSET,AgrobiodiverSity for a food-Secure planET(2017), and European Project: 639706,H2020,ERC-2014-STG,CONSTRAINTS(2015)

Subjects
Crops, Agricultural, climate suitability, MESH: Humans, Farms, General Immunology and Microbiology, Climate Change, MESH: Climate Change, climatic niche, global agriculture, crop biogeography, Agriculture, General Medicine, MESH: Crops, Agricultural, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Humans, MESH: Ecosystem, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, MESH: Farms, MESH: Agriculture, Ecosystem, General Environmental Science
Abstract

10 pages; International audience; Over the course of history, humans have moved crops from their regions of origin to new locations across the world. The social, cultural and economic drivers of these movements have generated differences not only between current distributions of crops and their climatic origins, but also between crop distributions and climate suitability for their production. Although these mismatches are particularly important to inform agricultural strategies on climate change adaptation, they have, to date, not been quantified consistently at the global level. Here, we show that the relationships between the distributions of 12 major food crops and climate suitability for their yields display strong variation globally. After investigating the role of biophysical, socio-economic and historical factors, we report that high-income world regions display a better match between crop distribution and climate suitability. In addition, although crops are farmed predominantly in the same climatic range as their wild progenitors, climate suitability is not necessarily higher there, a pattern that reflects the legacy of domestication history on current crop distribution. Our results reveal how far the global distribution of major crops diverges from their climatic optima and call for greater consideration of the multiple dimensions of the crop socio-ecological niche in climate change adaptive strategies.

Published
2023
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47. Fish Fish

Author

Michel Bertignac, Pierre-Yves Hardy, Anne-Marie Schwarz, Abdoul Ahad Cisse, Nicolas Sanz, Claire Macher, Catherine M. Dichmont, Sarah Jennings, Christophe Béné, Fabian Blanchard, Sean Pascoe, Ahmed Noussair, Olivier Thébaud, Olivier Guyader, Luke Doyen, Tony Smith, Jean-Christophe Pereau, Sophie Gourguet, David J. Mills, L.R. Little, Groupe de Recherche en Economie Théorique et Appliquée (GREThA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), International Center for Tropical Agriculture [Colombie] (CIAT), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Unité de recherche Sciences et Technologies Halieutiques (STH), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Laboratoire Ecologie, Evolution, Interactions des Systèmes amazoniens (LEEISA), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Oceans and Atmosphere Flagship [Brisbane], Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), Aménagement des Usages des Ressources et des Espaces marins et littoraux - Centre de droit et d'économie de la mer (AMURE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), University of Tasmania [Hobart, Australia] (UTAS), CSIRO Marine and Atmosphere Research [Hobart], WorldFish, ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies (CoralCoE), James Cook University (JCU), Institut de Mathématiques de Bordeaux (IMB), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux (Bordeaux INP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), CIAT International Center for Tropical Agriculture, Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR), Laboratoire Ecologie, évolution, interactions des systèmes amazoniens (LEEISA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3), University of Tasmania (UTAS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Scenario Analysis, Time horizon, 010501 environmental sciences, Oceanography, Fisheries law, ecological economics, 01 natural sciences, Bio‐economic challenge, Population Viability Analysis, media_common, biodiversity, Food security, [QFIN]Quantitative Finance [q-fin], Environmental resource management, Small‐scale fisheries, Biodiversity, Europe, Sustainability, Viability, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Calibration, Psychological resilience, Fisheries management, ecosystem approach, Environmental Economics, Fishery Management, Demographic Transition, Marine ecosystems, Ecosystem Resilience, media_common.quotation_subject, Fisheries, Small Scale Industry, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Aquatic Science, Large‐scale fisheries, Fishery Modeling, Ecological Economics, Ecosystem‐based fisheries management, Ecosystem Approach, 14. Life underwater, Ecoviability, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Ecological economics, Operationalization, Pacific Ocean, business.industry, viability, Australia, Multicriteria evaluation, Scenario, 15. Life on land, South America, scenario, 13. Climate action, Food Security, fisheries, Business
Abstract

Reconciling food security, economic development and biodiversity conservation is a key challenge, especially in the face of the demographic transition characterizing many countries in the world. Fisheries and marine ecosystems constitute a difficult application of this bio-economic challenge. Many experts and scientists advocate an ecosystem approach to manage marine socio-ecosystems for their sustainability and resilience. However, the ways by which to operationalize ecosystem-based fisheries management (EBFM) remain poorly specified. We propose a specific methodological framework—viability modelling—to do so. We show how viability modelling can be applied using four contrasted case-studies: two small-scale fisheries in South America and Pacific and two larger-scale fisheries in Europe and Australia. The four fisheries are analysed using the same modelling framework, structured around a set of common methods, indicators and scenarios. The calibrated models are dynamic, multispecies and multifleet and account for various sources of uncertainty. A multicriteria evaluation is used to assess the scenarios’ outcomes over a long time horizon with different constraints based on ecological, social and economic reference points. Results show to what extent the bio-economic and ecosystem risks associated with the adoption of status quo strategies are relatively high and challenge the implementation of EBFM. In contrast, strategies called ecoviability or co-viability strategies, that aim at satisfying the viability constraints, reduce significantly these ecological and economic risks and promote EBFM. The gains associated with those ecoviability strategies, however, decrease with the intensity of regulations imposed on these fisheries. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons Ltd

Published
2017
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48. How accurately do maize crop models simulate the interactions of atmospheric CO2 concentration levels with limited water supply on water use and yield?

Author

Patrick Bertuzzi, Jon I. Lizaso, Jean-Louis Durand, Dennis Timlin, Julián Ramírez Villegas, Fulu Tao, Kurt Christian Kersebaum, Sabine I. Seidel, Lajpat R. Ahuja, Christoph Müller, Delphine Deryng, Amit Kumar Srivastava, Bruno Basso, James W. Jones, Heidi Webber, F. Ewert, Dominique Ripoche, Eckart Priesack, Christian Biernath, Cynthia Rosenzweig, Remy Manderscheid, Alex C. Ruane, Hans Johachim Weigel, Thomas Gaiser, Christian Baron, Claas Nendel, Tracy E. Twine, Enli Wang, Kenneth J. Boote, Saseendran S. Anapalli, Soo-Hyung Kim, Zhigan Zhao, Sebastian Gayler, Florian Heinlein, Albert Olioso, Reimund P. Rötter, Kenel Delusca, Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères (P3F), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), CEIGRAM, Technical University of Madrid, Johann Heinrich von Thünen Institut, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), CPSRU, USDA-ARS : Agricultural Research Service, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Oregon [Eugene], Territoires, Environnement, Télédétection et Information Spatiale (UMR TETIS), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Agroclim (AGROCLIM), Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, German Research Center for Environmental Health - Helmholtz Center München (GmbH), Computation Institute, Loyola University of Chicago, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation [Bonn] (INRES), Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, Section Biogeophysics, University of Hohenheim, School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington [Seattle], Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung (ZALF), Leibniz Association, Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes (EMMAH), Avignon Université (AU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), School of Earth and Environment (UWA), The University of Western Australia (UWA), International Center for Tropical Agriculture [Colombie] (CIAT), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Natural resources institute Finland, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Crop Systems and Global Change Laboratory, Department of Soil, Water, & Climate, University of Minnesota System, Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), Institut für Nutzpflanzenwissenschaften und Ressourcenschutz (INRES), China Agricultural University (CAU), University of Florida [Gainesville], Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UE Agroclim (UE AGROCLIM), Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change Colombia International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS), Natural Resources Institute Finland, China Agricultural University, and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Water supply, Plant Science, 01 natural sciences, modèle de culture, Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration, Evapotranspiration, Zea Mays, Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Concentration, Multi-model Ensemble, Stomata Conductance, Grain Number, Water Use, Photosynthèse, Transpiration, 2. Zero hunger, Multi-model ensemble, U10 - Informatique, mathématiques et statistiques, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Rendement des cultures, Stomatal conductance, Irrigation, Grain number, Soil Science, approvisionnement eau, Zea mays, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Leaf area index, weather data, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, carbonic anhydride, business.industry, culture de mais, Modèle de simulation, 15. Life on land, Évapotranspiration, donnée météorologique, F61 - Physiologie végétale - Nutrition, Agronomy, 13. Climate action, Soil water, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, business, estimation de rendement, Agronomy and Crop Science, Water use, concentration atmosphérique, Dioxyde de carbone
Abstract

Conference: International Crop Modelling Symposium on Crop Modelling for Agriculture and Food Security under Global Change (iCropM) - Proceedings Paper Berlin, GERMANY 2016; This study assesses the ability of 21 crop models to capture the impact of elevated CO2 concentration ([CO2]) on maize yield and water use as measured in a 2-year Free Air Carbon dioxide Enrichment experiment conducted at the Thünen Institute in Braunschweig, Germany (Manderscheid et al., 2014). Data for ambient [CO2] and irrigated treatments were provided to the 21 models for calibrating plant traits, including weather, soil and management data as well as yield, grain number, above ground biomass, leaf area index, nitrogen concentration in biomass and grain, water use and soil water content. Models differed in their representation of carbon assimilation and evapotranspiration processes. The models reproduced the absence of yield response to elevated [CO2] under well-watered conditions, as well as the impact of water deficit at ambient [CO2], with 50% of models within a range of +/−1 Mg ha−1 around the mean. The bias of the median of the 21 models was less than 1 Mg ha−1. However under water deficit in one of the two years, the models captured only 30% of the exceptionally high [CO2] enhancement on yield observed. Furthermore the ensemble of models was unable to simulate the very low soil water content at anthesis and the increase of soil water and grain number brought about by the elevated [CO2] under dry conditions. Overall, we found models with explicit stomatal control on transpiration tended to perform better. Our results highlight the need for model improvement with respect to simulating transpirational water use and its impact on water status during the kernel-set phase.

Published
2017
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49. Influence of regions, land uses and soil properties on termite and ant communities in agricultural landscapes of the Colombian Llanos

Author

Florence Dubs, Steven J. Fonte, Patrick Lavelle, Sébastien Barot, Catalina Sanabria, International Center for Tropical Agriculture [Colombie] (CIAT), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Department of Soil and Crop Sciences [Fort Collins], Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), International Center for Tropical Agriculture, and Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (IEES)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Savannas, Soil biology, Soil Science, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Microbiology, Ecosystem engineer, Ecosystem services, Soil ecosystem engineer, annual crops, Ecosystem, 2. Zero hunger, soil ecosystem engineer, Rubber plantations, Land use, Agroforestry, business.industry, Soil physical and chemical properties, oil palm plantations, Perennial crops, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Vegetation, 15. Life on land, Tillage, Oil palm plantations, Geography, Agriculture, Annual crops, Insect Science, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, soil physical and chemical properties, business, rubber plantations, perennial crops
Abstract

International audience; Ants and termites, as soil engineers, provide many ecosystem services that can be important for the sustainability of agriculture. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of land use on ant and termite communities in Colombian savanna landscapes, and to assess whether this impact is associated with the modification of soil physical and chemical properties. Ants and termites were sampled in five different agricultural and semi-natural systems across three regions of the 3 eastern Colombian Llanos: 1) annual crops (maize, soy and rice), 2) rubber plantations, 3) oil palm plantations, 4) improved pastures and 5) semi-natural savannas. A total of 91 ant and 16 termite species were collected. Multivariate analysis revealed that termite communities significantly differed among land uses, but not between regions. Ant communities differed between regions and land uses. Based on between group analyses of termite communities, three groups of land use can be distinguished: one formed by semi-natural savannas and improved pastures, the second by oil palm plantations and annual crops and the third by rubber plantations. General linear models applied separately to each species found 19 significant associations of soil physical or chemical properties, land uses or regions with 15 ant species and 14 significant associations with 6 termite species. Taken together, there is a strong association between land use and ant or termite communities and this influence is likely due to changes in ant and termite habitats resulting from agricultural practices such as tillage, fertilization, and lime addition. These results suggest that annual crops are the most detrimental land use for termites and ants, because their communities are highly sensitive to vegetation cover and agricultural practices such as tillage. Maintaining a high diversity of soil engineers and the ecosystem services they provide likely depends on the maintenance of natural ecosystems in the landscape and the adoption of practices that reduce impacts on soil ecosystem engineers when native ecosystems have been transformed into agricultural systems.

Published
2016
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50. In situ dynamic rheological analysis of raw yam tubers: a potential phenotyping tool for quality evaluation

Author

Bolanle Omolara Otegbayo, Thierry Tran, Julien Ricci, Olivier Gibert, Bowen University, Démarche intégrée pour l'obtention d'aliments de qualité (UMR QualiSud), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility Institute of CIAT (TSBF), International Center for Tropical Agriculture [Colombie] (CIAT), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Agropolis Fondation, and Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation 363 (BMGF)INV-008567

Subjects
[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Nutrition and Dietetics, Dioscorea, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], viscoelastic properties, consumer preferences, Agronomy and Crop Science, high-throughput screening, efficient breeding, Food Science, Biotechnology
Abstract

Background: Most rheological analyses in yam have been done on starch gels, which requires starch extraction from the tubers. In situ rheology bypasses the need of starch extraction and relies on the original cell structure and complex matrix organization under stress or strain. Dynamic rheological properties of tuber from 16 accessions belonging to four yam species (Dioscorea rotundata, D. alata. D. bulbifera and D. dumetorum) were investigated for potential use as a medium throughput phenotyping screening tool that can indicate the quality of yam food products or their industrial potentials. Results: Rheographs of the tubers illustrated differences in the structure of D. bulbifera compared to other yam species. High initial storage modulus (G′) of yam parenchyma indicated tubers with strong and rigid structure which do not lose their structural integrity easily on heating. Dioscorea rotundata and D. alata varieties exhibited a lower temperature at which gelatinization took place (Tgel) equivalent to the irreversible transition during starch gelatinization (75.3 and 79.8 °C) and took shorter time (867 and 958 s, respectively) to reach the G′ maximum, compared to other species. The stress relaxation test showed that the higher the dry matter of the tubers, the higher the work to rupture the structure. Conclusion: Rheological characteristics G′, loss modulus (G″), swelling capacity and Tgel showed potential as suitable quality indicators for yam products. In situ rheological characterization of yam tubers could be used as an instrumental screening tool to phenotype for quality in yam products. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

Published
2023
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