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Prior to the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022, Ukraine had achieved impressive levels of religious pluralism, religious freedoms, and inter-faith cooperation. In predominantly Orthodox societies, covenants of mutually beneficial engagement between state and church leaders usually color political life and inform social and political change. The threats to Ukrainian state sovereignty created by the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022 prompted Ukrainian state authorities to pursue "spiritual independence" as a component of national security. This article evaluates the existence of covenantal pluralism in Ukraine prior to the invasion and compares this to recent developments in wartime Ukraine that have brought religious pluralism to a critical crossroads. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

On the 60th anniversary of the publication of Paul VI's encyclical Ecclesiam suam, dedicated to the issue of dialogue, we propose an analysis of this document focused on interreligious dialogue. We will identify the relationship between the encyclical, the theology of religions and the documents of the Second Vatican Council, focusing especially on the declaration Nostra aetate. In addition, we will point out how this encyclical has indirectly influenced the evolution of interreligious dialogue in the post-council period until today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

The remarkable growth of Catholicism and Protestantism in Korea has garnered significant attention in the history of Asian missions. However, their relationship has predominantly been characterized by persistent conflicts and competition, with limited progress in ecumenical efforts. This study examines the ecumenical dialogue between Catholics and Protestants in Korea, focusing on the doctrinal issues central to their divisions. The analysis reveals that many of these disputes stem from doctrinal controversies introduced by Western missionaries in the early 20th century. Through a detailed examination of dialogue documents, the study demonstrates that despite over two decades of concentrated ecumenical efforts since 2000—when serious discussions on doctrinal matters began—progress remains limited. This stagnation is attributed to the lack of rigorous academic inquiry, insufficient engagement with global ecumenical movements, and ineffective dialogue methodologies. Finally, the article provides suggestions for fostering the local adoption of global ecumenical initiatives and promoting greater unity among Christians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

This paper shows the outputs of a study on interfaith dialogue based on community action in Catalonia (Spain). Our hypothesis was to check to what extent interfaith dialogue is a facilitator of community action. The study was carried out between 2023 and 2024 in three phases: the first one devoted to mapping the existing practices within the research context; a second one focused on building an indicators system as well as an instrument for monitoring and assessing interfaith dialogue practices based on community action (the questionnaire QCID_CA); and a third one oriented to identify some conditions for success. We implemented qualitative methods: document analysis, individual interviews, focus groups, active participant observation from an ethnographic position, and comparative analysis. We identified the existing interfaith dialogue practices in Catalonia that are developed under community action; we raised some indicators to assess these practices to promote community action within local contexts; we validated the QCID_CA tool by contrasting it with current interfaith dialogue practices; and we confirmed the dialectical relationship between interfaith dialogue and community action. Interfaith dialogue practices based on community action print a real influence on social interactions in the contexts where they take place. This is the reason to implement a public policy based on some principles like knowledge, acknowledgement, action, and transformation. Interfaith dialogue aims to confront individualism and social fragmentation, which may be the prelude to increasing inequalities and exclusion. It also fights against a passive understanding of citizenship by inviting participants to feel like active agents in raising their standards of living. And more: interfaith dialogue based on community action creates alliances between participants to face the lack of spirituality nowadays. Some limitations were raised from the analysis, mostly related to the number of analyzed cases and the instrument's implementation. Further research should be required to explore that. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Over the last twenty years, policymakers and practitioners have supported the growth of multiple interreligious initiatives aimed at peacebuilding and conflict resolution, and scholars have sought to understand and evaluate their efficiency. This article introduces and reviews the emerging scholarship which has developed to understand and analyze these efforts. It begins by drawing from recent empirical research to outline how scholars understand religion as being linked to conflicts and naming a number of initiatives that have been constructed as responses to them. The article then considers how interreligious dialogue could be understood to serve as a conduit for conflict mediation and peacebuilding. Finally, the paper discusses several persistent criticisms that have been raised about interreligious dialogue as a model of conflict resolution, especially in light of the ongoing wars in Ukraine and Gaza, and ends with some reflections about contemporary strategies for interreligious peacebuilding in light of them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Adopting a transdisciplinary approach, with specific emphasis on the post-Jungian transpersonal psychological theories on the 'Spectrum of Human Consciousness', this paper introduces a transpersonal psychological thread of understanding of 'Mystical Consciousness' through an interreligious field of comparative religious approaches to action, contemplation and non-action. This paper draws on Merton's interreligious contemplative thinking in relation to three major world religious mystical traditions of Buddhism, Hinduism and mystical Islam/Sufism and elucidates comparative insights with the Christian mystical–contemplative tradition, akin to the 'mystical contemplation' of Evelyn Underhill. This paper introduces and applies the transpersonal perspective to the scholarly field of mysticism. The reader is invited to consider how Merton may have responded or written about interreligious contemplative depth mysticism in terms of his own writings on 'pure consciousness', had he had the benefit of the language of the transpersonal models of consciousness. Finally, the reader is left with a contemplative question at the 'heart' of mysticism—does the ancient sculpture of the Sleeping Hermaphrodite helpfully represent an art–theological symbolic analogy for the inner repose of an illumined soul, one with God's Unity, in whose awakened consciousness through depth mystical contemplation, action occurs as an extended manifestation, a total gestalt of contemplative solitudinous action? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

This article situates the papacy of Benedict XVI at the crossroads of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, focusing on theological, cultural, and political developments. It brings out his subtle critique of modernity, his opposition to relativism, and his appeal for a renewed dialogue between Christianity and Enlightenment rationality. It is his sense of faith and reason that, in mutual purifying, forms his support of the public role of religion in peacemaking and moral order. Through moments like the Regensburg Address and his inter-religious dialogues, Benedict XVI emerges as a defender of the place of religion in society while rejecting both religious fundamentalism and secularist reductionism. The paper also examines how Benedict grounded human rights in natural law, thereby differentiating those from other fundamental rights emanating from more contemporary sociopolitical claims. The article places his papacy within the larger frame of Catholic social doctrine, focusing on the role of the Church in promoting peace through cultural and interreligious dialogue, particularly with Islam. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Cultural and religious diversity in Spain, driven by recent decades of migratory flows, has not been exempt from generating social tensions and, unfortunately, an increasing stigmatization of migrant children. This article examines how power dynamics and exclusion impact the identity construction of these young people, particularly within the child protection system. Through interviews and focus groups with young people and professionals in Barcelona and Melilla, this study highlights the resistance strategies these young individuals employ to counteract stigmatizing narratives. The findings indicate that, despite inclusion policies, imposed labels reinforce their vulnerability and limit their social and community participation. Although interfaith dialogue is proposed as a tool to mitigate these tensions, professionals working with these children emphasize the lack of institutional support and insufficient training in socio-cultural diversity, which hinders their efforts. The study underscores the importance of developing interfaith competencies that foster mutual respect and recognition, concluding with a critique of the current protection system. It advocates for a comprehensive approach to addressing these young people's emotional, social, and spiritual needs beyond solely legal and educational aspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

This study explores the role of interfaith dialogue in conflict resolution, focusing on Christian-Muslim relations in Plateau State, Nigeria. Plateau State has long been a hotspot for religious and ethnic tensions, primarily between Christian and Muslim communities. These conflicts often rooted in competition for land, political power, and economic resources, have escalated into violent confrontations over the years. The research examines how interfaith dialogue has been employed as a tool for fostering mutual understanding, promoting peaceful coexistence, and mitigating violence in the region. The study employs qualitative research methods, including indepth interviews with religious leaders, community members, and participants in interfaith initiatives. Focus group discussions and case studies of existing interfaith programs were also conducted to gain insights into the effectiveness of dialogue in resolving conflicts. Archival research and secondary data sources, such as reports from peace building organizations, were analyzed to provide historical context. The findings highlight the significance of sustained dialogue in building trust, addressing grievances, and creating a framework for long-term peace. However, challenges such as deep-seated mistrust, political manipulation and economic disparities hinder the full effectiveness of interfaith efforts. The study recommends the creation of more inclusive interfaith platforms, government support for grassroots peace initiatives, and ongoing capacity-building for religious leaders to serve as peace mediators. Economic development programs should be integrated into dialogue efforts to address the underlying socioeconomic factors fueling the conflict. This research contributes to the broader discourse on peace building in Nigeria, offering insights into the effectiveness of interfaith dialogue as a strategy for resolving religious conflicts in deeply divided societies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Religious pluralism has been a defining feature of African societies, particularly within African traditional religions, where multiple deities were worshipped without conflict. Before Western incursion, this pluralism did not necessitate interreligious dialogue, as mutual respect among different faiths fostered peaceful coexistence. However, the arrival of Christianity and Islam in Africa, particularly in Nigeria, has intensified the need for interfaith dialogue. The tension between these two religions has often led to conflict, violence, and the politicization of religion. In response, various efforts have been made to promote peaceful cohabitation through dialogue, though these initiatives have faced significant challenges. In the 21st century, the multiplicity of faiths and the rise of digital communication tools offer new opportunities for fostering effective interreligious dialogue. This paper seeks to explore these possibilities, focusing on two central questions: What does interreligious dialogue look like in the 21st century? How can digital communication tools facilitate more effective dialogue between Christians and Muslims in Nigeria? Through critical descriptive analysis, this study draws on secondary sources--such as online journals, books, and scholarly articles--to argue that digital communication tools provide a promising avenue for promoting constructive engagement and understanding between Nigeria's major religious communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

This article examines the vital role of Christian theologians in engaging the three public domains—Church, Academia, and Society—within the framework of David Tracy’s "three publics" theory. The study is anchored in Matthew 5:13-16, where Jesus describes his followers as the "salt of the earth" and "light of the world," highlighting their transformative and preservative roles. Nigeria, a nation characterized by religious pluralism, socio-political challenges, and developmental needs, serves as the context for this investigation. While existing literature addresses the role of theologians in faith communities, there remains a gap in understanding their integrated contributions to ethical governance, intellectual leadership, and societal transformation in multi-religious and developing contexts like Nigeria. By situating the discussion in Nigeria and extending its relevance globally, the article underscores the potential of Christian theologians to provide innovative solutions to pressing socio-political and ethical challenges, ultimately inspiring global theologians to embrace their multifaceted responsibilities. Anchored in David Tracy’s "three publics" framework, this study examines how theologians contribute to moral leadership, intellectual advancement, and societal transformation, with a particular focus on Nigeria. As a nation marked by religious diversity, socio-political challenges, and urgent developmental needs, Nigeria provides a compelling context for understanding the intersection of theology and practical societal engagement. The article argues that theologians are pivotal in addressing ethical governance, fostering social justice, and encouraging interfaith dialogue—critical issues that resonate not only in Nigeria but also in other multi-religious and socio-politically complex nations. Ultimately, the study demonstrates how theological insights, when applied thoughtfully, can address both national and global challenges, offering a framework for Christian theologians worldwide to contribute meaningfully to the pressing issues of their times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Pope Francis' visit to Indonesia was crucial in strengthening Indonesia-Vatican diplomatic relations and religious harmony. This study examines the impact of the visit on pluralism and interfaith dialogue, particularly between Muslim and Catholic communities. Through an intertheological approach, this study explores theological messages related to love and human dignity and their relevance in strengthening interfaith relations. The results of the study are expected to contribute to encouraging closer and more harmonious cooperation in Indonesia. This research uses a qualitative approach with a literature review method. Data collection techniques were used to identify and collect relevant literature sources, including journal articles, books, and reports. The data analysis technique was conducted by exploring Indonesia's social and cultural context to understand the dynamics that occur. Pope Francis affirmed the importance of interfaith dialogue, especially between Catholics and Muslims, to strengthen religious harmony. By promoting love and respect for human dignity, the Pope encourages cooperation in facing social challenges such as poverty and radicalism. The dialogue should go beyond tolerance, creating closer and more peaceful relationships. This initiative is expected to strengthen interfaith brotherhood and encourage a more harmonious and inclusive life amid Indonesia's religious diversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Religious tolerance is important in maintaining social harmony in Indonesia, which is rich in diversity of faiths. This research analyses the considerations behind the prohibition of interfaith greetings and its implications for interfaith relations. The method used is qualitative research with a desktop literature review research approach, collecting data from various sources of documents and related literature. The results show that the ban issued by the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) is based on theological aspects and has significant social impacts. People with more inclusive views show a desire to maintain harmony despite differences of opinion regarding the ban. On the other hand, despite the influence of religious authorities, interfaith dialogue and tolerance must continue to be upheld to create balance and harmony in society. As a way forward, more intensive dialogue between religious leaders and the community is needed to find common ground to strengthen unity amid diversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

The rise of social media has intensified challenges related to misinformation and interfaith conflicts, underscoring the critical need for platforms promoting religious tolerance. This study investigates the "Log in" program on Deddy Corbuzier's YouTube channel, which uniquely employs interactive interfaith dialogue to foster understanding in Indonesia's pluralistic society. Previous studies emphasized the role of static social media content in advancing tolerance, leaving gaps in examining dynamic, dialogue-driven approaches. This research identifies messages of tolerance categorized into faith, sharia, and morals, demonstrating the flexibility and inclusivity necessary for harmonious interfaith relations. The study used qualitative descriptive methods and narrative content analysis to analyze ten representative videos featuring religious leaders from diverse traditions. The findings highlight the program's novelty in using humor and dialogue to bridge religious divides, effectively conveying tolerance messages to diverse audiences. Despite the program's success, challenges persist, such as combating hate speech and measuring the impact on societal attitudes. Recommendations include broader digital platform studies and policy support for moderating intolerance online. The study contributes to academic discourse on digital interfaith engagement, offering insights into leveraging social media for global harmony amidst cultural and religious diversity. more...

In this paper, building upon ethnographic fieldwork conducted among members of one initiative of Jewish-Muslim dialogue in the UK, I discuss how my interlocutors thematize the temporal dimension of anti-minority discrimination and perceive remaining historical material heritage associated with it. Using the example of problematic artifacts pertaining to mediaeval Lincoln, such as the so-called "shrine of Little Hugh," I discuss how in engaging the memory of traumatic past events in Jewish history activists of inter-faith dialogue reflect on their current conditions of minoritization and attempt a projection of their communities' lives in the UK in the future. I also borrow insight from the presentist theoretical framework in anthropology of time to highlight the impact my interlocutors' life histories have had on the way they relate to and conceptualize their own and other minoritized groups' histories and imagine their personal and collective futures based on their experiences in the present. I suggest that in these reflections, narratives of positive historical trajectories in the minority experience sit alongside an anticipation of multiple possible futures, some inflected with anxiety about a repetition of difficult pasts, others imbued with a vision connecting the past, present and future of minoritized communities into a common presence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Positive intergroup contact is considered to be essential for social cohesion in diverse Western societies. Australia, with a long-established social policy of multiculturalism, has seen a continuing rise in religious diversity. As such, policy makers have considered interfaith dialogue initiatives as an effective mechanism for promoting intergroup contact. However, little is understood about the factors that influence Australia's two largest religious groups'--Christians and Muslims--attitudes toward interfaith dialogue. This paper focuses on Australia's Uniting Church's engagement in interfaith dialogue and explores the factors influencing their attitudes toward participating in interfaith dialogue with Australian Muslims. Employing a constructivist grounded theory methodology, the study, which involves everyday adherents as well as religious leaders, highlights a multitude of positive and negative drivers. These include fear of the unknown, a lack of relational proximity, and a diminished congregational confidence to engage in non-traditional practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

The term 'Holy Spirit' is referenced four times in the Quran, with three instances directly related to Jesus Christ, while the broader term 'spirit' or "the spirit" (al-Rūḥ) appears eighteen times, some of which pertain to Mary, the mother of Jesus. This study explores the concepts of the Spirit and Holy Spirit as they are presented in the Quran, as well as their interpretations in classical Islamic exegesis. The research begins by analyzing the Quranic verses where the "Holy Spirit" is associated with Jesus Christ and his mother, providing a detailed examination of these occurrences and their contextual significance. Subsequently, the study delves into the instances of the "Holy Spirit" in other contexts, offering a comparative analysis of the term's usage across different passages. Following the discussion on the "Holy Spirit," the study shifts focus to the discussion of "the spirit" (al-Rūḥ) and "a spirit" (Rūḥ) in the Quran. Adopting the same methodological approach, it first addresses the verses connected to Jesus and Mary, before exploring the diverse contexts in which the spirit is mentioned. In each case, the relevant Quranic interpretations are discussed, drawing from key Quranic commentaries (tafsīr). The study relies on a combination of classical exegetical methods, incorporating both narration-based exegesis (tafsīr bi-l-ma'thūr), such as the works of al-Ṭabarī and al-Baghawī, and reasoning-based exegesis (tafsīr bi-l-ra'y), as exemplified by the works of Imām Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī. Additionally, it evaluates the authenticity and sources of the exegetes' interpretations, scrutinizing their reliance on prophetic traditions (hadith), the explanations of the Prophet's companions, and even biblical sources. By presenting and comparing a range of Quranic interpretations, this study aims to highlight the diversity of thought surrounding the concepts of the 'Spirit' and 'Holy Spirit' within Islamic tradition. It provides a valuable resource for those seeking to understand how these notions are interpreted and debated within Islam and offers a platform for comparison with the corresponding concepts in Christianity and Judaism, thereby contributing to broader interfaith theological dialogues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

The article focuses on transformative conversations that influenced the author's theological development over time. Topics include the impact of neo-orthodox theology and its critiques of cultural Protestantism, the shift to a dynamic understanding of theology emphasizing historical and contextual relevance, and the role of interfaith dialogue with Judaism in reshaping Christian perspectives on community and divine-human relationships. more...

The article examines the work of Leonard Swidler as a model for inter-religious dialogue in ex-Yugoslav areas in the 21st century. It aims to analyse the role of interreligious dialogue in the neutralisation of nationalism. This is particularly evident in the interweaving of nationalist and religious communities, where religious communities emerge as the instigators of nationalism. In addition, religious leaders assume the role of unofficial national and state leaders. The national and state interest is derived from the interpretation of religious interest. Consequently, politicians and national and state leaders frequently become mere puppets in their hands. This pattern was particularly evident during the Yugoslav conflict in the late 20th century. The traumatic effects of the conflict are still evident in the present day. Concurrently, religious leaders in the former Yugoslav territories occupy a significant position, not only in the formulation of state and national policy, but also in the formation of public opinion within the regions over which they hold religious authority. In his oeuvre, the American theologian Leonard Swidler analyses the processes of interfaith dialogue as a model for resolving conflict situations involving religious opposites. It should be noted that his works do not present a definitive formula for such conflict resolution; rather, they offer a contribution to this issue. Religious dialogue is a practice that is not characteristic of the contemporary era of bourgeois society; as a result, it is timeless and extraterritorial. It is for this reason that a sample of ex-Yugoslav areas was selected as representative, given that religious contrasts are a significant factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

The aim of this article is to trace a brief history of the attempts that have been made to promote inter-religious dialogue, to outline the accomplishments to date, and to scrutinize both the current challenges posed to this project, and the future requirements to be met if worldwide interfaith cooperation is ever to be achieved. When investigating current inter-religious interactions, it is critical not to neglect the polemical dimension, but to establish the causes for the disagreements, and to effectively remove them. Given the inevitability of religious transmission within families, educational systems worldwide must offer exposure to multiple worldviews and belief systems that accurately reflect the diverse societies and cultures around the globe. In order to liberate themselves from the grip of fanatical thinking, the youth should not only be instructed in the teachings of a single religion, but also be exposed to the origins of humanity's inclination towards religious beliefs and to the various ways in which these beliefs are expressed. This exposure, and the resulting newly-formed mentality will strengthen the response to Leonard Swidler's call for the endorsement of a Universal Declaration of Global Ethics and, together with this indefatigable supporter of inter-religious co-operation, we will finally be able to genuinely proclaim that we are living in an Age of Global Dialogue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

In the interconnected world of the twenty-first century, dialogue between Islam and Christianity is an essential necessity, not a mere option. This paper examines the important role of interfaith dialogue by analyzing its historical evolution, contemporary challenges, and its transformative potential for fostering global peace and cooperation. Muslim-Christian relations have profoundly influenced socio-political dynamics throughout history. Today, the increasing complexities of globalization, political conflicts, and the rise of extremism highlight the pressing need for dialogue as a means to bridge divides, remove stereotypes, and build trust. Grounded in the principles of mutual respect and shared ethical commitments, interfaith dialogue enables collaborative efforts to address critical global issues such as poverty, climate change, and human rights. Drawing on the works of Leonard Swidler, this paper aims to show that interfaith dialogue is not merely a moral obligation but a pragmatic strategy for shaping a harmonious future. By embracing dialogue as a tool for understanding and action, Muslims and Christians can work together to address the challenges of the modern era and build a world founded on mutual respect, solidarity, and cooperation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Transformative theology is an idea to explore the meaning of dialogue that does not only focus on aspects of theological teachings but needs to touch on real human issues. This article aims to analyze the implementation of transformative theological ideas in Indonesia that have gone beyond the concept of dialogue itself. This research is qualitative, data collection using the in-depth reading of Leonard Swidler's works, websites, and other relevant sources. The results of this research are the implementation of transformative dialogue values in socio-cultural aspects and an emphasis on universal humanitarian services based on philosophical and social analysis, which is evidenced through, first, the implementation of transformative theology oriented towards the appreciation of religious and cultural diversity; second, enrichment of theological perspectives with acculturation of local culture; Third, oriented towards humanitarian, social services. The conclusion of this study shows that interfaith dialogue needs to transform into an activity oriented towards positive relationships to respond to the challenges of the development of the times collectively (l-Thou) based on the ethical awareness of universal humanity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

In the 21st century, inter-religious dialogue is crucial for fostering peaceful coexistence and mutual understanding among diverse religious communities. Leonard Swidler's teachings on this topic offer valuable insights for navigating this discourse. Inter-religious dialogue involves constructive and respectful interaction between individuals or communities of different religious traditions, aiming to promote understanding, cooperation and collaboration across religious lines. It addresses misconceptions, prejudices and conflicts that may arise due to religious differences. Swidler's approach to inter-religious dialogue involves engaging in everyday activities and experiences with individuals from diverse religious backgrounds, promoting understanding and building bridges across religious divides. He emphasizes the importance of empathetic listening, open-mindedness and learning from others as essential elements of inter-religious dialogue. Through genuine dialogue, individuals can transcend their differences and work towards common goals such as peace, justice and the common good. Despite the potential benefits of inter-religious dialogue, there are inherent challenges in navigating this discourse in the 21st century. Issues such as religious extremism, cultural clashes and historical animosities can hinder genuine dialogue and understanding between religious communities. Additionally, the rapid pace of globalization and technological advancements has created both opportunities for connection and new obstacles to meaningful inter-religious engagement. In conclusion, inter-religious dialogue is crucial for promoting global harmony, understanding and peace in the 21st century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

John Rawls's political liberalism demands that reasonable citizens comply with the duty of civility, which limits the justification of state action to public reasons. However, many religious citizens in liberal democratic societies reject the exclusion of religious reasons from public debate. What can be done to encourage these citizens to endorse public reason? Rawls proposes the idea of reasoning from conjecture (RC), i.e. directly engaging with someone's comprehensive doctrine and showing them that such a doctrine actually supports public reason. In this article, we argue that reasoning from conjecture faces serious objections and that interfaith dialogue (ID) provides a better and more effective tool to encourage religious citizens to endorse public reason. More specifically, ID provides support to public reason by (i) relying on the principles of equality, sincerity and self-criticism, which are also central to public reason; (ii) leading participants to de-parochialize religion; and (iii) promoting tolerance. Moreover, ID avoids the main objections faced by RC, which undermine the latter's morality and effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

This paper explored the doctrine of the divinity of Christ within the context of a pluralistic world, where multiple religious traditions coexist, each claiming distinct revelations of divine truth. The Christian belief in the unique divinity of Jesus Christ has often been challenged by such pluralism, especially in the face of modern interreligious dialogues. This paper examined the historical, biblical, and theological foundations of Christ’s divinity, focusing on Johannine Christology as a primary source of high Christology. Additionally, it engaged contemporary debates on religious pluralism, exploring inclusivist, exclusivist, and pluralist approaches to Christ's divine identity. The paper argued that while the divinity of Christ remains a central and non-negotiable tenet of Christian theology, an inclusive approach to interfaith dialogue can be adopted without compromising this belief. This perspective not only preserves the integrity of Christian doctrine but also offers a constructive framework for engaging with religious diversity, thereby highlighting the significance of maintaining Christ's divinity in interfaith dialogues and its implications for Christian theology in a pluralistic society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

This article explores the Holy See's enduring impact, moral authority, religious diplomacy, and peacebuilding efforts in one of the world's most protracted conflicts. It examines the Holy See's engagement, from its early support of the 1947 UN Partition Plan to its 2015 official recognition of the State of Palestine, emphasizing its advocacy for peaceful coexistence and the rights of both Israelis and Palestinians. Key milestones include the 1993 Fundamental Agreement with Israel, the 2000 Basic Agreement with the Palestinian Liberation Organization, and Pope Francis's groundbreaking 2014 prayer meeting with Israeli and Palestinian leaders. Through decades of humanitarian aid, interfaith dialogue, and moral diplomacy, the Vatican has sought to elevate the global discourse on justice, human dignity, and reconciliation. Despite the limitations imposed by entrenched political complexities, the Vatican continues to advocate for a two-state solution, the protection of Jerusalem's sacred status, and an end to violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Interfaith initiatives are seen as promising sites for societal change and personal transformation. However, many questions about the actual outcomes of such initiatives have remained unanswered. Therefore, a systematic review was conducted, focusing on 1) the outcomes of interfaith initiatives and 2) the methods used to evaluate these outcomes. This review analyses 47 empirical studies on interfaith initiatives. The review of the initiatives' outcomes indicates that interfaith initiatives can positively impact participants' knowledge about other worldviews, communication skills and appreciation for other worldviews. At the same time, it can be challenging for interfaith initiatives to positively impact participants' knowledge of socio-political challenges, awareness of power imbalance and privilege and behaviour as interfaith leaders. The analysis of the methods used to evaluate the impact of interfaith initiatives shows that most studies used qualitative methods. For studies using quantitative or mixed methods designs, a variety of measurement instruments were used, whereby there was little overlap or consensus regarding the concepts being used. The findings of this article will stimulate scholars to focus more on learning activities and evaluation methods that take societal learning outcomes into consideration. It emphasises the need to build on previous evaluation and research efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Nigeria's north-south divide has been plagued by recurrent religious conflicts, resulting in devastating consequences, including loss of lives, injuries, property destruction, insecurity, and humanitarian crises. These conflicts, fueled by religious cosmological exclusivism and unhealthy competition, have pitted Christians and Muslims against each other in a struggle for power, dominance, and spheres of influence. As a form of religious engagement, interfaith dialogue has been widely recommended as a vital tool for managing these conflicts, but the ethical principles underpinning its effectiveness in Nigeria's pluralistic context remain understudied. Hence, this library-based research aims to address this knowledge gap by exploring the ethical principles relevant to interfaith dialogue in Nigeria, using the Contact theory and the Dialogical Model of Intergroup Relations (DMIR) as theoretical frameworks. These frameworks suggest that intergroup contact and dialogue can reduce prejudice and improve relationships between groups, but only if certain conditions are met, such as equal status, common goals, and institutional support. Through a critical and thematic analysis of secondary data from journals, books, newspapers, and reports, this study's findings will contribute to the development of a comprehensive framework for interfaith dialogue in Nigeria, enhancing conflict resolution mechanisms and promoting peaceful coexistence among diverse religious groups. The proposed recommendations will be valuable for policymakers, religious leaders, practitioners, and faith-based organizations seeking to harness the potential of interfaith dialogue for sustainable peace in Nigeria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

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The choice of the topic "Interfaith Harmony in the Context of Spiritual Revival and Cultural Transformation of Kazakhstani Society" is driven by the relevance of the issue of harmonizing interfaith relations in the modern world. In the context of globalization, the information society, and increasing migration flows, questions of cultural identity, spiritual revival, and religious diversity come to the forefront. Kazakhstan, as a multi-ethnic and multi-confessional country, faces the necessity of maintaining and strengthening interfaith harmony. The article analyzes the spiritual foundations of interfaith harmony in Kazakhstani society, which have developed during the latest stage of the country's development amidst spiritual renewal and cultural transformation. The authors focus on revealing the essence of the multi-confessional and multi-ethnic environment and examine the impact of globalization and spiritual renewal on interethnic and interfaith relations in the Republic. The scientific and practical significance of this work lies in studying how spiritual renewal in modern society contributes to strengthening national identity and peace in a multi-ethnic and multi-confessional society. The authors emphasize the need to pay special attention to the socio-cultural identity of Kazakhstani society, which influences religious tolerance as a key principle of interfaith and interethnic relations in Kazakhstan. The practical significance of the study's results is as follows: Kazakhstan, as a multi-ethnic and multi-confessional State, adheres to strong models of state-confessional relations that contribute to strengthening national identity and have the potential to mitigate various global religious conflicts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

The recent history has shown the richness and necessity of dialogue at all levels, from the ecumenical to the interreligious, as also indicated in the documents of the Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, in the magisterium of successive popes and in the numerous documents signed between various religious authorities in recent years. At this moment when wars and conflicts are growing in number and intensity, there is an urgent need to strengthen the practices of dialogue and proximity, collaborating with the voices raised against all forms of religious phobia and radicalism. Inviting to witness this desire for peace through the construction and care of networks of proximity and dialogue in every local reality, the article closes with some concrete references to the reality of the italian Lazio region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

As conflict dynamics become complex and escalate globally, especially identity-based conflicts, we are witnessing an unprecedented shift in the Conflict Analysis and Resolution and Peacebuilding field toward contextually innovative and effective community-led approaches. The inadequacies of liberal and neoliberal paradigms and the increase in identity-based conflicts, religious pluralism, and differences in communities have motivated evidence-based inter-religious community-level engagements over the past two decades. These interventions rely on the theoretical frameworks of emancipatory peacebuilding and compassionate reasoning, and reflect an in-depth sense of spirituality, longing, and the essence of human relationship building and practice. This study gathers data from primary sources (which include findings from hybrid interviews) through a semi-participatory and empirical qualitative explorative research process in order to critique the underlying philosophies of traditional paradigms and explore emerging alternatives. It also posits that inter-religious community-led interventions are founded on the emancipatory elicitive religious peacebuilding (EERPb) framework. They are adaptive to non-linear (and sometimes non-scientific) approaches and are less focused on international standards. The framework fundamentally embraces phenomenological, metaphysical, and ethical realities in peacebuilding, operationalizes the concept of just peace, and acknowledges a global approach to peace that offers the opportunity to resolve the difficulties encountered by the various CAR and peacebuilding theoretical schools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

The 2024 Olympic Games, held in Paris France, have sparked a global conversation about the intersection of art, religion, and freedom of expression. This paper explores the ethical implications of artistic expression, particularly when satire intersects with religious beliefs. It examines the role of satire as a tool for social commentary and potential for offense when it challenges sacred tenets. The study applies both fundamental and complementary data collection techniques. It evaluates its contemplations via the Interfaith Dialogue Theory. The generalizations and conclusions were drawn based on a qualitative analysis and synthesis of the gathered data using hermeneutical and content analysis approach. The observations indicate that the Olympic Games, traditionally celebrated for respecting diverse religious beliefs and fostering unity, faced significant criticism for its 2024 opening ceremony held in Paris. The event was condemned for its perceived wokeness and for allegedly disrespecting the Christian faith by associating Leonardo da Vinci's depiction of the Last Supper with transgender and homosexual themes. Despite the artistic director's defense that the intention was not to mock Christianity but to celebrate the Greek god Dionysus and highlight France's cultural heritage, many countries, religious groups particularly the Islamic and Christian faith, and public figures, found the ceremony to be a satire mocking the Christians Lord's Supper, and thus unacceptable and condemnable. As a result, a major sponsor of the Games withdrew its support; it also made France to be perceived with contempt and disdain in the global landscape. This study recommends comprehensive review processes; cultural sensitivity training; stakeholder engagement; clear guidelines and policies; public communication and transparency; alongside engagement with religious and cultural experts, to avert similar occurrences in subsequent Olympic Games. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

This study aims to identify ways to adapt religious practices and beliefs to meet the contemporary dynamics of society. For this purpose, the following methods of scientific cognition were used: analysis, comparison, synthesis, deduction, classification, as well as interdisciplinary and systemic approaches. In the course of the research, a comprehensive review of the contemporary religious situation was conducted. The following global trends were revealed and identified: secularism, non-traditional religious movements, demographic, political and economic changes. Through the literature review, the concept of religious variability was formulated, revealing the normativity of change and transformation of religious beliefs and traditions, and a detailed study of traditional and non-traditional movements revealed the relationship between the rise of non-traditional religious beliefs and crises. The study also explored the role and place of digital technologies in the context of religion. This made it possible to determine that traditional religious movements often do not fully utilize the full potential of social networks and the Internet, thus depriving themselves of the opportunity to communicate quickly and effectively with believers, as well as to engage in discussion with representatives of other religions and atheists. The interrelationships between religion, politics, and economics in modern society were identified and a number of problems that follow from these interrelationships were presented: the interference of religion in political processes, which can create divisions in society and undermine the secular principles of the state, while economic crises can cause upheavals in religious communities. Solutions to all the problems identified were proposed, which included educational programmes, digitalization of traditional religious organizations, and the development of effective interreligious dialogue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

This article aims to demonstrate that there is cooperation between Muslim and Christian communities in the construction of places of worship side by side in Karo land. The research uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach and data collection through observation and interviews. This study not only discusses the collaboration between Muslims and Christians in the process of constructing places of worship but also delves deeper into the factors driving the success of this cooperation. The results show that throughout the process of constructing a mosque and a church from start to finish, there was cooperation between Muslims and Christians. This can be evidenced by each phase of the construction process: planning, government coordination, fundraising, physical construction, and completion. Behind the success of this cooperation between Muslims and Christians, there are two driving factors that enabled the creation of inclusive collaboration: the factor of solidarity within the community and the factor of religion. The success of building two places of worship side by side, separated only by a wall, is an extraordinary achievement. The cooperation between Muslims and Christians, marked by determination and discipline, has achieved a common goal. Despite religious differences, they can live together harmoniously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Religious tolerance is important in maintaining social harmony in Indonesia, which is rich in diversity of faiths. This research analyses the considerations behind the prohibition of interfaith greetings and its implications for interfaith relations. The method used is qualitative research with a desktop literature review research approach, collecting data from various sources of documents and related literature. The results show that the ban issued by the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) is based on theological aspects and has significant social impacts. People with more inclusive views show a desire to maintain harmony despite differences of opinion regarding the ban. On the other hand, despite the influence of religious authorities, interfaith dialogue and tolerance must continue to be upheld to create balance and harmony in society. As a way forward, more intensive dialogue between religious leaders and the community is needed to find common ground to strengthen unity amid diversity. more...

There are surely few writers who have had a more profound impact on European culture, and in the broadest range of fields, than St. Augustine, and this despite the fact that he was North African. Nonetheless, while Augustine is still called upon in debates on interfaith dialogue and in theological and philosophical disputes, one area of his large corpus has received scant attention—his philosophy of education. Although there are references throughout Augustine's writings to his philosophy of education, he devotes only a single text to its elaboration—De Magistro—On the Teacher. The fact that this work has been largely overlooked by scholars is disappointing, because the De Magistro, despite its use of theological language, retains a very modern and contemporary thematic with interesting insights for any contemporary theory of education. In this article we provide a primer in reading Augustine's De Magistro. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

The article, which is written by an interreligious team, provides comprehensive insights into the conception, implementation and accompanying research of a project on Christian–Islamic religious education in team teaching. The aim of the project is to expand the denominational religious education lessons anchored in Austrian schools through religious-cooperative units taught jointly by a Christian and an Islamic teacher. The analysis of the teaching units is carried out in the format of design-based research and thus encompasses numerous aspects of interreligious educational processes, which are examined in this article. Firstly, the design of the project is described and the legal framework associated with it is explained in the context of the Austrian school system. Subsequently, learning requirements on the part of Christian and Muslim pupils are presented, with a particular focus on their preconceptions and attitudes towards religion in general as well as other religions. Special attention is paid to the specific framework conditions of Islamic religious education teachers, which differ in many aspects from those of Catholic religious education teachers. Furthermore, interreligious competences they consider necessary are described. Specific insights into the teaching units and the complementary research provide information about the opportunities and challenges of interreligious education in team teaching by two teachers. After this focus on the teachers, an outline of the students' perspectives on the teaching units completes the presentation of the research results. In the concluding summary, the local theories developed from the overall project are presented and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

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This study aims to find out the religious moderation teachings of Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) and Muhammadiyah in the concept of Nusantara Islam and Progressive Islam and its relationship with the verses of the Qur'an. The study employs a qualitative-descriptive research approach, focusing on observable human behavior and using library research methods to gather primary, secondary, and tertiary materials. The research contributes by examining how these guidelines can be applied both within the Muslim community and in interactions with people of other religions. The results of the research show that, from outside Islam, the Prophet Muhammad brought the teachings rohmatan lil 'alamin. In addition, examining the role of interfaith dialogue in enhancing religious tolerance and cooperation could provide insights into overcoming existing challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

This phenomenological study explores the lived experiences of non-Catholic graduating students at a Catholic university in Bacolod City, Philippines. The research aimed to understand their insights and perspectives on studying within a Catholic institution. The study involved in-depth interviews with eight participants from diverse religious backgrounds. The findings revealed four key themes: spiritual growth, community and inclusivity, personal growth and resilience, and academic excellence and holistic development. The study highlights the positive impact of the university's inclusive environment, fostering spiritual growth through interfaith dialogue and religious education. The emphasis on community and shared values creates a sense of belonging and acceptance for non-Catholic students. The university's rigorous academic programs and supportive community contribute to personal growth, resilience, and academic excellence. The study concludes that the integration of non-Catholic students into Catholic universities fosters inclusivity, personal growth, and academic success, providing valuable insights for enhancing educational practices and promoting interfaith understanding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

This paper explores the life and works of Su Shi, a prominent intellectual and statesman during China's Song Dynasty, as a champion of interreligious harmony. We examine how Su Shi's vast philosophical and literary output demonstrates his deep engagement with Confucian ethics, Buddhist compassion, and Daoist tranquility. By analyzing his poems, essays, and other writings, we explore how Su Shi navigated these diverse traditions, finding common ground and promoting mutual understanding. This analysis highlights Su Shi's ability to bridge religious and philosophical divides, offering a valuable perspective for contemporary discussions on interfaith dialogue and peaceful coexistence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

This study investigates the dynamics of interfaith communication among religious leaders in Bandung, focusing on their role in fostering religious harmony in Jamika Tolerance Village. Employing a qualitative case study approach, data were gathered through in-depth interviews, participant observations, and document analysis to address three primary research questions: (1) the psychographic backgrounds influencing interfaith communication, (2) the evolution of tolerance, equality, and cooperation among interfaith leaders over time, and (3) the specific roles of these leaders in building religious harmony. The findings reveal that the psychographic profiles of religious communities significantly influence communication dynamics. Over time, there has been notable progress in fostering tolerance, equality, and cooperation, facilitated by regular interfaith dialogues and collaborative activities. Religious leaders emerge as pivotal figures in this process, actively mediating conflicts, organizing interfaith events, and promoting mutual understanding. The implications of this study are multifaceted. Theoretically, it contributes to the understanding of social constructs in interfaith communication and offers a framework for analyzing the dynamics of religious dialogue. Practically, the research provides insights into effective interfaith communication strategies that can be applied to address religious conflicts in urban settings. This study serves as a valuable reference for future research on interfaith relations and offers practical recommendations for government bodies, religious leaders, and community organizations to enhance religious harmony in diverse societies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

This study, based on the Interfaith Diversity Experiences and Attitudes Longitudinal Survey (IDEALS), examined pathways to pluralism orientation among more than 5,700 students who attended 118 U.S. colleges and universities between 2015 and 2019. Grounded in Critical Religious Pluralism Theory (CRPT), the analysis elevated the role of identities and contexts in pluralism progression, maintenance, and decline, illuminating the importance of climate, culture, support, and interfaith engagement in college students' pluralism development. Implications are discussed to guide educators committed to advancing justice, equity, and social change in higher education and beyond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

In the post-Arab Spring period, Abdullah Bin Bayyah has emerged as one of the principal exponents of the anti-revolutionary front. Dissatisfied with the Islamist solution to the socio-political crisis in the Middle East, Bin Bayyah has called for the establishment of a new jurisprudence based on fiqh al-wāqi? (jurisprudence of reality), which acknowledges and accepts the dictates of modern reality. He conceived his call for renewal (tajdīd) as one of the best ways to restore peace and unity in Muslim societies. This article aims to shed light on those aspects of Bin Bayyah's reformist discourse that directly affect how he envisions the role and function of the umma in the modern context. The essay then explores the place that ummatic unification occupies in Bin Bayyah's discourse and the kind of Islamic politics his post-Arab Spring religious discourse entails. Particular attention is also paid to the ways Bin Bayyah theorizes the significance of religious allegiances within the modern nation-state. The essay also considers Bin Bayyah's view of the role of the Muslim umma in the global community, its relationship with other religions, and the wider human community when responding to global challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...