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The widespread use of mobile applications (apps) offers a new platform for sustaining traditional culture, yet insufficient focus on interface design has hindered user experience. This paper focuses on traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) apps, examining user preferences for interface design elements and their combinations across four dimensions: visual effects, functional attributes, layout, and interaction modes. Utilizing Conjoint Analysis Method (CAM), this study quantitatively explores user preferences for the combination schemes of 18 orthogonal designs. The study collected 464 users' data through questionnaires and processed the data using CAM and Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA). The findings indicate that users have a high demand for theme colors (35.09%), text styles (27.32%), and icon styles (14.78%) in medical consultation apps. For health education apps, users exhibit preferences for text styles (24.95%), theme colors (24.58%), and functional architecture (16.30%). In professional learning apps, the preferred elements are theme colors (24.07%), text styles (18.54%), and icon styles (18.03%). Based on these results, the paper proposes corresponding design strategies for each type of TCM app. This study reveals the characteristics of user preferences for different categories of TCM apps, enriching the theories and methods of interaction design for similar mobile applications. Ultimately, this facilitates the integration of traditional Chinese medicine culture with modern digital technology, promoting the digital and sustainable transmission of traditional culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rechargeable lithium batteries (LBs) are considered the most promising electrochemical energy storage systems for utilizing renewable energies like solar and wind, ushering society into an electric era. However, the development of LBs faces challenges due to interfacial issues caused by side reactions between existing electrode and electrolyte materials. Magnetron sputtering (MS), a type of physical vapor deposition technology, offers solutions with its wide material selection, gentle deposition process, high uniformity of nano/micro‐scale thin films, and strong thin‐film adhesion. This review outlines the main operating principles of MS technology and explores its advanced applications in interfacial modification of various cathodes, anodes, separators, solid‐state electrolytes, and thin‐film LBs integrated with other microelectronic devices. Furthermore, the review discusses the potential of MS technology to accelerate scientific research and industrial progress toward higher‐performance LBs, advancing human society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zinc metal is a high‐capacity and cost‐effective anode material for aqueous zinc‐ion batteries, but its development is impeded by dendrite growth and interfacial side reactions. In this study, a unique dipole molecule (DPM) layer is constructed on a zinc surface via an in situ etching‐growth strategy to regulate the surface electric field and ion distribution. Theoretical calculations and experiments confirm that the asymmetrical charge distribution within the DPM layer can significantly remodel the electric field of the Zn anode surface. The zincophilic DPM layer accelerates the migration of zinc ions through ordered ion channels. Electro‐ionic field regulation via the DPM layer achieves dendrite‐free deposition and reduces the formation of byproducts. The DPM‐Zn symmetrical cells exhibit ultralow voltage hysteresis (≈ 24.2 mV), highly reversible zinc plating/stripping behavior, and stable cycling over 1700 h at 1 mA cm−2. The DPM‐Zn||MnO2 full cells exhibited a higher specific capacity and cycle stability than the bare Zn anode. This work verifies the feasibility of electro‐ionic‐field synergistic regulation for robust Zn anodes and provides new insights into the interface design of metal anodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the purpose of achieving boron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs) intrinsic strengthening and relating microscopic interface characteristics to macroscopic mechanical behavior in BNNSSs/Ti composites, the BNNSs/Ti composites were fabricated by field-assisted hot pressing (FHP) and subsequent 923K, 1023K, 1123K or 1223K hot-rolling (HR). Herein, we succeeded in simultaneously maintaining the BNNSs intrinsic structure and considerable interfacial nano-sized TiB w. Interestingly, the superior tensile property (UTS: 1166 MPa, El. 9.3 %) was realized in 1123K as-rolled BNNSs/Ti composite, whereas the dramatic ductility deterioration exhibited in composite when the HR temperature setting at 1223K. BNNSs load transfer and interface failure behavior were investigated by direct in-situ tensile SEM observation. The nano-TiB w on partially reacted BNNSs played a predominant role on BNNSs load-transfer efficiency and contributed to the desirable ductility. These findings highlighted the untapped potential for improving mechanical properties in BNNSs reinforced metal matrix composite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Decomposition is a critical enabler of complex system development, as it enables both task specialization and efficiency through parallel work. The process of decomposing involves partitioning system parameters into tightly coupled modules and managing any cross‐module coupling by designing passive interfaces or through active coordination. A rich literature has developed algorithms and tools to support this process. However, we contend that this view has placed too much emphasis on module selection, and not enough on the interaction with interface design. This perspective has significant implications for lifecycle costs and development time. To that end, this study explores how earlier consideration of interface design can create more valuable options to better navigate performance, cost, and schedule tradeoffs. Specifically, through an abstract simulation experiment, we demonstrate that (1) a sequential approach that first selects modules and then designs interfaces to support those modules, yields lower performance than an integrated approach that considers modules and supporting interfaces simultaneously; and (2) this result is even stronger when schedule and cost are considered as part of the evaluation. In other words, an integrated approach provides more options for project managers seeking to navigate the performance‐cost‐schedule tradeoff known as the golden triangle. These results emphasize the need for a decomposition aid that adopts a holistic view of the optimization problem, accounting for interface creation, intra‐organization collaboration, and valuing nonperformance measures of effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the numerous efforts to optimize the performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), challenges persist. Carbon materials are promising candidates for this purpose, but identifying the most suitable carbon material and understanding its role in the PSC among the wide family of carbons remains a challenging task. In this study, SCAPS‐1D software is employed to optimize the use of carbon materials as interlayers to PSCs. The best configuration of the carbon interlayer and the required physicochemical properties of the carbon materials is identified for improved performance. The simulations show that the insertion of thin carbon interlayers of adequate features in n‐i‐p stacked cells (FTO/TiO2/MAPbI3/HTL/Ni) can increase the efficiency of the resulting PSCs by over 2.3 %, while significantly improving the open‐circuit voltage and the fill factor. These results underline that those carbon materials with optical bandgaps ranging from 3 to 3.5 eV offer the best performance as an interlayer to the hole tranport layer, with negligible impact of the thickness of the interlayer. This contribution offers a novel perspective on the use of carbon materials in PSCs and provides new insights into the understanding of the role of carbon materials as interlayers in PSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While there is value in thinking about forms of automation failure, the primary role of human factors is to specify how the interface conveys automation state and behavior: when the automation fails and when the automation "performs as designed" but still results in safety events. How do we make automation an effective crewmember? I describe what the flightcrew, ideally, should understand about autoflight state or behavior, using aviation examples to illustrate how that information was not successfully conveyed to the flightcrew, leaving the flightcrew with an incomplete and/or incorrect understanding. Specifically, the interface needs to address automation state, its current targets or objectives, its limitations in achieving those targets, whether it is approaching an operational boundary, data validity, broader checks on what is operationally reasonable, and how to intervene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Enhancing transparency through interface design is an effective method for improving driving safety while reducing driver workloads, potentially fostering human–machine collaboration. However, to ensure system usability and safety, operator psychological factors and operational performance must be well balanced. This study investigates how the introduction of transparency design into urban rail transit driving tasks influences drivers' situational awareness (SA), trust in automation (TiA), sense of agency (SoA), workload, operational performance, and visual behavior. Three transparency driver–machine interface (DMI) information conditions were evaluated: DMI1, which provided continuous feedback on vehicle operating status and actions; DMI1+2, which added inferential explanations; and DMI1+2+3, which further incorporated proactive predictions. Results from simulated driving experiments with 32 participants indicated that an appropriate level of transparency significantly enhanced TiA and SoA, thereby yielding the greatest acceptance. High transparency significantly aided in predictable takeover tasks but affected gains in TiA and SoA, increased workload, and disrupted perception-level SA. Compared with previous research findings, this study indicates the presence of a disparity in transparency needs for low-workload tasks. Therefore, caution should be exercised when introducing high-transparency designs in urban rail transit driving tasks. Nonetheless, an appropriate transparency interface design can enhance the driving experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Software platform ecosystems are emerging as a dominant model for IT-based services. To accelerate third-party development, platform owners often waive restrictions on app user interfaces to provide app developers with more autonomy in interface design. The literature has indicated, however, that standardized interface design across products is a strategic necessity for firms to introduce and manage their product lines, suggesting that platform owners should not waive restrictions on app user interfaces. This tension between the two approaches raises a crucial research question: Does standardized interface design used by apps and their host platform benefit the platform and apps that it hosts? Specifically, does the coordinated design approach enhance or hinder usage between the platform and apps such that apps attract usage from their host platform and vice versa? Drawing on the theory of basic Gestalts, we theorize the three interface design properties of interface similarity, embeddedness, and synchrony, and extend the theory to investigate how these properties help both apps and their host platform attract each other's users, thus reflecting derivative usage between them. We performed a randomized field experiment to test the proposed hypotheses. The results reveal that interface similarity, embeddedness, and synchrony of the app-platform interface design strengthen users' grouping perception of the platform and its apps, thus enhancing platform-to-app forward derivative usage. Contrary to our expectations, we found that this strengthened grouping perception does not improve the app-to-platform backward derivative usage. These findings have crucial implications for the value of interface design in software platform ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Augmented Reality (AR) technology provides a new way for product design and display due to its unique interaction, enabling customers to experience products more comprehensively and immersively. Objective: To study the interactive form and application of AR technology in the interior design and display of RV, to provide new ideas and solutions for the interior design of RV, to optimize the user experience of customers and improve the work efficiency in the process of customized interior design of RV. Methods: Qualitative and quantitative research methods were adopted, the target customer groups were investigated based on the KANO model, the data were analysed, and the design suggestions for the function and interactive interface of the RV interior design display platform were summarized. Results: Based on the investigation and research, the specific functions of the RV indoor experience design platform and the needs of the target user groups were identified, including 12 essential needs, 5 charm needs, 1 expectation needs and 2 undifferentiated needs, which correspond to different functions, respectively. Finally, the main features of the platform are outlined, and the functional framework of the RV interior design and display platform is drawn. Conclusions: The interactive form of AR RV interior design includes user interface design and interactive mode design, which can greatly enhance user experience, optimize space utilization and enhance customized services. The application of AR technology in RV design has a high potential, providing theoretical and practical support for the design and development of the RV AR RV design display platform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the new media era, visual communication design (VCD) in interface design (ID) relies on critical design patterns—layout, color, typography, and interactive elements—that are essential for user engagement. This study investigates these design patterns in ID, drawing on responses from 760 professionals, including UI and UX designers, researchers, and industry experts. Data analysis with SPSS revealed key trends, common practices, and areas for innovation, informing strategies for improved user experiences in new media interfaces. By highlighting emerging patterns and addressing literature gaps, the study offers valuable insights into design preferences and challenges faced by professionals, with implications for educational curricula, tool development, cross-disciplinary collaboration, and user-centric guidelines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Environmental therapy theory has been applied in the research of disease prevention, and the effectiveness of using color and graphic designs to assist patients with spatial orientation has been confirmed. Visual-spatial impairments are common symptoms associated with cognitive decline. However, the interaction and driving factors between these impairments and spatial color and graphic designs remain unclear. Methods: This paper first discusses the correlation between the characteristics of visual-spatial impairments and environmental factors and then investigates the color preferences of such patients based on the CIE 1976 color system and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Subsequently, the paper explores spatial design strategies conducive to spatial orientation from the perspective of adaptability to pathological characteristics, utilizing case study analysis. Results: (1) Pathological characteristics of visual-spatial impairments (such as difficulties in spatial orientation and spatial neglect) are related to environmental factors; (2) Emotional attachment factors play a key role in patients' perception of satisfaction with environmental colors; (3) Color associations have the potential to strengthen spatial memory. Additionally, interface designs with high luminance, low saturation, and clear color differentiation facilitate patients' recognition of space. Discussion: This paper posits that spatial interface design is a feasible approach to assist with spatial orientation, and it achieves this through a mediating process that progresses from influencing visual stimuli to cognitive memory and then to behavioral orientation. The article provides insights into the operational feasibility of this method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid increase of high-speed train driving automation, the human-computer interaction of high-speed train driving is changing. It is a major dilemma to maintain a well-interactive process between the driver and the driving system for the intelligent train operation. Nevertheless, the enhancement of the driver's situation awareness (SA) is an effective way to promote the process of driver-driving system interaction. To achieve this purpose, we proposed an enhanced SA model based on the perceptual cycle model (PCM). The model helps to identify the high-speed train DMI interface elements that affect the different SA level of drivers and provides theoretical support for describing the SA change pattern of driving tasks. We proposed a new display mode (ESA mode) for enhancing driver SA according to this model, and conducted driving simulator experiments to explore the differences of SA change patterns between the ESA mode and the normal mode (NSA mode) for 16 subjects. The experimental results showed that the ESA mode successfully overcame the subjects' SA recession in the NSA mode. The interaction with enhanced SA can help the driver remain vigilant and further improve the general driving performance during monotonous process of automated high-speed train driving. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultrahigh‐capacity silicon (Si) anodes are essential for the escalating energy demands driven by the booming e‐transportation and energy storage field. However, their practical applications are strictly hampered by their intrinsically low electroconductivity, sluggish Li‐ion diffusion, and undesirably large volume change. Herein, a high‐performance Si anode, comprised of a modulated soft/hard coating of polyethylene glycol (PEG) (as Li‐ion conductor) and polyaniline (PANI) (as electron conductor) on the surface of Si nanoparticles (NPs) through H‐bonding network, is introduced. In this design, the abundant ─OH groups of soft PEG allow it to uniformly cover Si NPs while the hard PANI binds to PEG through its ─N─H group, thus constructing a tight connectin between Si and PEG‐PANI (PP). Consequently, the elastic PP allows Si@PP to accommodate the huge volume expansion while possessing fine electronic/ionic conductivity. Therefore, the Si@PP anode exhibits a high initial Coulombic efficiency of 90.5% and a stable capacity of 1871 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at 1 A g−1 with a retention of 85.7%. Additionally, the Si@PP anode also demonstrates a high areal capacity of 3.01 mAh cm−2 after 100 cycles at 0.5 A g−1. This work reveals a scalable interface design of multi‐layer multifunctional coatings for high‐performance electrode materials in next‐generation Li‐ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increase in agricultural data has created a need for developing tools that can manage, share, and visualise this information, while also being accessible to farmers. The use of different technical languages, varying needs, and differing objectives for the tools being developed and used creates a gap between technology developers and farmers, leading to inefficient information transfer. Consequently, interfaces are often poorly adapted to the real needs of end-users and lack essential functionality. This white paper aims to propose a User-Centred Design methodology in order to address the challenges encountered in creating interfaces for shared agricultural Data Space Ecosystems. The proposed methodology, an adaptation of ISO 9241:210-2019, highlights the importance of user participation at various stages of the interface design cycle for the creation of user-adaptive technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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AbstractThe study focuses on analyzing the design characteristics of display and control interface navigation in smart home terminals for users of different ages. By examining the design features of the current typical smart home terminal display and control interface navigation, interface navigation design is the research object. Experimental research is conducted with young adult group (n = 15) and middle-aged to elderly group (n = 15) participants to identify the optimal interface navigation design through specific behavioral indicators, eye movement indicators, and subjective indicators. The results show that different interface layouts impact task completion performance. Middle-aged and older individuals perform better with multi-level highlighting operations. Both age groups prefer interface layouts featuring less-level dual navigation, specifically the left-side type, and multi-level highlighting. These results can improve the versatility of smart home interface design, expand the user base, and provide information for developing smart products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rich heritage of traditional Malaysian games is at risk of fading in the face of modern digital entertainment, particularly among younger generations. This study explores how mobile applications can serve as a platform to revitalize interest in these games by employing an innovative interface design approach. Focusing on usercentred design principles, this paper highlights the importance of visual appeal, ease of use, and engagement in encouraging younger users to interact with this cultural artefact. By combining tradition with technology, the research demonstrates how thoughtfully designed mobile applications can preserve cultural heritage while resonating with the digital-native generation. The findings present a framework for integrating cultural education into modern gaming experiences, contributing to preserving Malaysia's unique cultural identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial intelligence (AI)‐based job interviews are increasingly adopted in organizations' recruitment activities. Despite their standardization and flexibility, concerns about fairness for applicants remain a critical challenge. Taking a perspective on interface design, this research examines the role of avatar characteristics in shaping perceptions of interactional justice in AI‐based job interviews. Through a scenario‐based study involving 465 participants, the impact of avatar characteristics—specifically, appearance, linguistic style, and feedback informativeness—on applicants' perceptions of interpersonal justice and informational justice was investigated. The findings indicate that avatars characterized by a warm and cheerful appearance, coupled with an affective expression style and informative feedback, significantly enhance perceptions of interpersonal justice and informational justice. These insights offer valuable practical guidance for avatar design in AI‐based job interview systems. Practitioner points: Investigate AI interface design within the context of AI‐based job interviews.Reveal how specific characteristics of avatars affect applicants' perceptions of interactional justice.Shift the research perspective from a recruiter‐focused to an applicant‐focused approach.Guide designers and employers in optimizing and selecting AI‐based job interview systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effective doctor-patient communication is a critical clinical function, and the resulting relationship is the heart and soul of medicine, as well as a critical component in healthcare delivery. Inefficient communication between doctors and patients is the leading cause of patient dissatisfaction, as it directly affects the health outcomes of the patient. The current study aimed to develop a holistic solution to bridge the doctor-patient communication gaps in the cardiology department and facilitate effective communication, ensuring better health outcomes. Desk study and empathy interviews highlighted the doctor-patient communication gaps and their effects on the overall health outcome and patient satisfaction. Various concepts were explored using the insights found using journey maps, causal loops, and affinity walls. User approval was determined by soliciting user feedback, and the System Usability Scale (SUS) was used to evaluate usability. A holistic solution utilizing educational material for quick understanding and recall of all issues reorganized the file, which provides structure to the interaction during the consultation and facilitates two-way interaction and appbased tracking of symptoms for informed decision-making, was developed. The solution was very effective in educating and preparing the patient, involving the patient for higher patient engagement, and assuring the patient for increasing patient adherence. It was found that the patients were able to understand and address their concerns effectively, and doctors were able to communicate more effectively. (SUS score: 78.12 and 75.62 for doctors and patients, respectively). As the solution is easy to adapt in the current system, it would help facilitate effective communication between doctor and patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of information technology，electrification and new energy technologies， portable electric devices，electric vehicles and energy storage facilities require rechargeable batteries with higher energy density.However， the energy density of widely used lithium-ion batteries is approaching the limit， which cannot meet the above demands. Therefore it is urgent to explore new electrochemical systems with higher energy density. Lithium metal anode is a promising candidate for achieving next-generation high-energy-density batteries due to its ultrahigh theoretical capacity （3860 mAh·g-1） and most negative electrochemical potential （-3.04 V vs SHE）. However， during the few decades， the practical application of lithium metal batteries has been hindered by short lifetime and safety issues. In this paper， the history and development of lithium metal batteries were introduced， and the current issues and corresponding mechanisms were analyzed， such as high reactivity， lithium dendrites， dead lithium and volume expansion. Some strategies to deal with the above problems in terms of interface and bulk structure design， including the protection layers formed ex situ/in situ， lithium-based alloys and 3D composite lithium metal anodes，were proposed. Finally，the future developments of practical lithium metal anodes based on constraints for actual batteries， crosstalk of electrodes and failure mechanisms of large-capacity batteries were discussed.

Internship programs are essential for tertiary students to gain relevant experience before entering the workforce. Managing these programs, especially in institutions such as the East Java Province Marine and Fisheries Agency (DKP), poses challenges due to the reliance on paper-based processes and the need for centralized management across 17 branches. Therefore, this research developed a "Centralized Internship Information System" (CIIS) program designed with the aim of simplifying internship registration, student placement, document management, and program monitoring at DKP and its branches. This research focuses on designing a user-friendly interface for CIIS to address these issues. The design process follows the Design Thinking method, which emphasizes deeply understanding user needs and creating innovative solutions. The effectiveness of CIIS was evaluated using the Short User Experience Questionnaire (UEQ), which assesses user experience across key aspects. The UEQ results showed an average pragmatic quality score of 1.954 (excellent) and an average hedonic quality score of 1.856, with an overall average of 1.91. These results indicate that CIIS provides a high-quality user experience, facilitating easier access to internship opportunities for students, efficient candidate selection for companies, and effective monitoring for internship managers at DKP.

AbstractDelving into corner shapes in interface design (i.e., circular vs. angular), we experimentally delineated two routes whereby users with strong privacy risk beliefs can be persuaded into adopting a mobile payment app through a bill-split use case. By introducing cognitive load as an ability factor and perceived privacy risk as a motivation force, this study bridges literature on user interface design with social psychology to unpack how subtle design cues impact app adoption through the lens of privacy assurance. The interplay among shapes, tasks, and user traits demonstrates the contextual efficacy of circular design to evoke social presence and the benefit of angular design to enhance processing fluency, which tap into users’ affective and cognitive needs in face of privacy risks under varied cognitive demands to encourage adoption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this preliminary investigation, a discerning evaluation reveals that users face pervasive challenges accessing e-resources within university libraries. A social presence interface design for e-resources is introduced, recognizing the need for user support through effective communication with librarians and assistance for swift information navigation and system function. This research presents a meticulous usability assessment grounded in heuristic evaluation, engaging six expert evaluators comprising specialists in human-computer interaction and librarians. The primary objective is to ascertain the intuitiveness of the interface design and identify potential issues through expert scrutiny. The study unveiled compelling insights by employing a tailored usability heuristic questionnaire encompassing 39 questions aligned with the developed design. Notably, 75.54% of evaluators agreed unanimously regarding the design’s adherence to heuristic principles, indicating their concurrence with the established criteria. Additionally, evaluators provided valuable commentary and feedback focusing on aspects related to icons, labels, and the efficacy of the help function. This comprehensive evaluation informs and enhances the ongoing discourse surrounding optimal user interface design for e-resources in university library settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Conducting Visual Display Terminal (VDT) visual search tasks under time constraint has broad applications in fields such as security checks, medical diagnostics, and rescue operations. While excessive time pressure can impair performance, moderate time pressure can motivate individuals to complete tasks and increase productivity. Investigating the positive impact of time pressure on visual search tasks has become a crucial area of study. Clock timing plays a vital role in the visual interface, influencing the perception of time pressure and impacting visual search performance. However, existing research has paid little attention to the induction of time pressure and the impact of clock timing in VDT visual interfaces on visual search performance. Hence, the objective of this study is to investigate the impact of clock timing on VDT visual search performance under time constraint. Methods: The content of the experimental tasks was determined through a pilot experiment. The formal experiment was conducted in two phases over six sessions. Participants were tasked with locating the letter "E" embedded within the distractor letter "F," displayed with a clock area above the interface. The first phase of experiments included conditions of no clock, 4-min clock timing, and 4-min countdown clock timing. In the second phase of the experiment, the clock display method was a countdown clock, with three experiments conducted featuring long time, medium time, and short time. Search speed and accuracy were used as primary performance evaluation metrics to examine the impact of clock timing methods and duration on visual search performance. Twenty-one undergraduate students participated in the formal experiment. Results: In the first phase of experiments, participants demonstrated significantly faster reaction times (RTs) in tasks where a clock display was present compared to tasks without (ANOVA, F(2, 60) = 4.588, P = 0.014). However, there were no significant differences in accuracy rates across different timing conditions (ANOVA, F(2, 60) = 0.146, P = 0.865), and no significant correlation between RTs and accuracy was found (Kendall's R = 0.11, P = 0.914). During the second phase, RTs decreased significantly as time constraints became more stringent (ANOVA, F(2, 60) = 7.564, P < 0.05). Conversely, accuracy rates decreased significantly under shorter time constraints (ANOVA, F(2, 60) = 4.315, P < 0.05), with a negative correlation observed between RTs and accuracy (Kendall's R = 0.220, P < 0.01). Discussion: Compared to conditions without clock displays, having clock displays significantly improved the speed of the visual search task, although the difference in accuracy was not statistically significant. In the context of shorter clock countdown limits„ Shorter timing constraints resulted in faster search speeds but also led to reduced accuracy and increased fatigue. Overall, a correlation exists between search speed and accuracy in visual tasks, where higher speed often correlates with lower accuracy. These findings provide valuable insights into clock timing design for visual search interfaces under time pressure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this era of digitalization, e-commerce platforms serve as vital transactional bridges between users and sellers, playing quite an important role on serving our interests and needs. With the efficiency and effectiveness offered, it's no wonder e-commerce platforms has become quite popular. This causes the competitive landscape in online marketing quite fierce, with e-commerce platforms striving to retain existing users while attracting new ones and expand their growth even more. Playing quite a huge role to this is the User Interface and User Experience (UI/UX) design, serving as one of the fundamentals in shaping positive user perceptions, leading to user engagement and dynamics with the platform. This research will discuss aspects that can attract users in terms of UI/UX design perspective. By employing a quantitative approach along with quantitative analytics, we aim to uncover the underlying factors that contribute to user attraction and retention. Through a comprehensive analysis of UI/UX design elements such as color theory, navigational ease, importance of homepage design, design priority, and user satisfaction, this study seeks to elucidate the key drivers of UI/UX design, enhancing user engagement and satisfaction. Through this research, our analysis on four well-known e-commerce platforms in Indonesia (Shopee, Tokopedia, Blibli, and Lazada) reveals that Tokopedia ranks highest in user satisfaction with a Mean Opinion Score (MOS) of 3.93 out of 5, followed by Shopee with 3.92, Blibli with 3.83 and lastly Lazada with 3.58. The result aligned with how Tokopedia has been applying the right design on aspects we deemed important leading to satisfactory user satisfaction. Thus, highlighting the importance of homepage design, navigational ease, and color theory in attracting and retaining users. The findings of this research validate the significance of these UI/UX elements and provide practical guidance for improving e-commerce design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The efficient functioning of perovskite solar cells largely depends on the interaction between perovskite halide materials and the hole‐transport layer poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT). However, a high rate of nonradiative recombination often hampers this interaction, leading to poor performance of the solar cells. We have developed a technique to modify the interface using a long‐chain alkyl halide molecule called n‐hexyl trimethylammonium bromide to address this issue. This modification technique significantly improves hole extraction, leading to an impressive open‐circuit voltage of 1.14 V and a power conversion efficiency of 15.8% for inorganic perovskite CsPbI3 with P3HT as a dopant‐free hole‐transport layer. This breakthrough can pave the way for developing more efficient and sustainable solar cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessing the private rented sector is now an almost exclusively online activity. In the UK 96% of renters found their property from one of the four leading online rental platforms: Rightmove, SpareRoom, Zoopla or Gumtree. How the interfaces of these platforms are designed can impact on access to the private rented sector and facilitate (or minimise) discrimination against users. This paper proposes a typology of interface design choices in online rental platforms, examining their role in structuring content, sorting existing content, and facilitating user interactions. Through a comparative analysis of 3,336 listings on a leading rental platform before-and-after changes to its interface, the paper reveals that even minor design alterations can significantly influence market accessibility for recipients of housing benefit and therefore reduce or worsen discrimination against certain user groups. The findings offer insights into combating discrimination in the digital rental market and provides a typology for analysing interface design choices at play on online rental platforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to explore the usability of multiple forms of television remote control interfaces for older adult users and users with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to clarify the operation performance requirements of these two user groups. The test interfaces were constructed through programming and were capable of recording participants' task completion time, operation errors, and the locations of their taps. The results show that users with MCI could not perform their initial action quickly and accurately; buttons with larger sizes provided greater operation performance for older adult users and users with MCI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This systematic literature review investigates the safety aspects of in-vehicle infotainment systems (IVISs) from 2012 to 2023, analyzing 96 studies. IVISs have significantly evolved, incorporating technologies such as navigation systems, parking assistance, and video games. However, these innovations introduce safety concerns like driver distraction and cognitive overload. This review identifies six primary safety issues: driving distraction, situational awareness, cognitive load, driving performance, interaction success, and emotional state. Head-down displays and touchscreens often have negative safety implications, while speech-based interfaces and Bluetooth-integrated systems are generally considered safer. Suggested improvements include enhancing interface design for touchscreens and exploring gesture-based alternatives. Despite these developments, significant gaps remain in real-world evaluations and studies in diverse driving conditions, highlighting the need for standardized manufacturing norms. Addressing these issues is essential for creating future IVIS that are both reliable and safe. This review serves as a foundation for future research, safety regulations, and design principles aimed at improving IVIS safety. Overcoming these challenges will require a multi-faceted approach that considers user-friendly design, adaptive technologies, and predictive analytics. The goal is to balance technological advancements with road safety, ensuring that IVISs contribute to a safer driving experience without compromising convenience and functionality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

User satisfaction serves as a crucial reference for iteratively optimizing software interface designs. This paper introduces a comprehensive measurement model of user satisfaction, employing Notability and Goodnotes for case studies. The proposed model incorporates facial recognition technology to gauge the intensity of users' facial expressions while interacting with various functions of the target interface. Additionally, an experimental observation method is employed to gather objective data, including task completion time, task success rates, and operational procedures, alongside users' subjective evaluations. Leveraging objective data as input and subjective ratings as output, a user satisfaction prediction model based on a PSO-BP neural network has been devised. The results demonstrate an impressive accuracy rate of 86.26%, indicating a high accuracy in subjective perception prediction. This model has proven to be effective for measuring user satisfaction and evaluating software interface usability. Moreover, this research contributes to expanding the repertoire of user interface satisfaction evaluation methods, enhancing the objectivity of measurements and surpassing the efficiency of conventional experimental evaluation techniques. The proposed model holds practical significance for software interface usability assessment and optimization design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work presents a design of a unique "roller wheel" structure combining rigid MXene and flexible liquid metal (LM), aiming to construct an epoxy composite coating with simultaneous advanced mechanical strength and lubrication properties. The antiwear property of the epoxy composites is improved by 72.8% when the LM is 0.5 wt% and MXene is 0.03 wt%. The incorporation of LM‐MXene improved the mechanical properties of the epoxy composite coating, resulting in an approximately 136.6% increase in elastic modulus. The unique "roller wheel" structure provides additional mechanical support and leads to lower adhesion between the MXene layers and LM. As a result, LM reduces the stripping and sliding of the interface between MXene layers during the friction process, further enhancing the lubrication performance of the epoxy composite coating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Identifying users' diversified needs and designing products that match those needs is important in the era of mass personalization. Smart TV navigation interfaces lack good affective design, and difficulties remain in responding to diversified affective needs. Therefore, an affective design approach that considers the diversity of user needs is presented to optimize the design of smart TV navigation interfaces. First, the laddering interview is conducted to capture the diversified affective needs and multi-layer interface design elements perceived by users. Kansei distance is introduced to characterize diversified needs. Then, single-user relationship models between user perceptions and interface attributes are constructed. Finally, the two-stage interface optimization is performed to obtain common and individual optimization attributes, which are further embodied as parameter-layer optimization solutions through user experiments. This method is capable of capturing the diversified affective needs for smart TV navigation interfaces and achieving differentiated product design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThis study aims to evaluate the usability of two Food Delivery Apps (FDAs) available in the market with a sample of older adults. We performed a usability study of basic tasks required to purchase groceries with 12 participants (Mage = 70.92, SD = 4.56). Results showed that interaction experience with both apps was similar. Most participants could perform the tasks, but not efficiently. Tasks that took the longest mean time were adding the first product to the cart and scheduling the delivery service. We found 22 interface barriers for FDA1 and 23 for FDA2. The most frequent errors were caused by a lack of a clear roadmap to guide the purchase process, unclear feedback when adding products, information overload, and difficulty distinguishing interactive buttons from text/icons and mandatory actions from optional ones. System Usability Scale results were below the suggested cut-off point of 68. We provide recommendations that could help design accessible FDAs for older adults and make them easier to use for everyone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Limited understanding exists regarding the methodologies behind designing interfaces for low-income contexts, despite acknowledging their potential value. The ERSA (Engineering design Research meta-model based Systematic Analysis) process, defined as a dynamic interactive multi-process system, proposes a new approach to constructing learnings to succeed in designing interfaces for low-income countries. ERSA is developed by integrating database searches, snowballing, thematic similarity searches for corpus of literature creation, multilayer networks, clustering algorithms, and data processing. ERSA employs an engineering design meta-model to analyze the corpus of literature, facilitating the identification of diverse methodological approaches. The insights from ERSA empower researchers, designers, and engineers to tailor design methodologies to their specific low-income contexts. Our findings show the importance of adopting more versatile and holistic approaches. They suggest that user-based design methodologies and computational design can be defined and theorized together. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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