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This article examines the critical role of civil society organizations (CSOs) in advancing human development and human flourishing in Southeast Asia, highlighting the suitability of the Interdependence Model in explaining the dynamic interactions between CSOs and the state. CSOs in Southeast Asia significantly contribute to education, health, and social welfare by working collaboratively with government entities. Through initiatives like the Tanoto Foundation’s educational programs in Indonesia and the Community-Based Health Care (CBHC) program in Vietnam, CSOs fill crucial service delivery gaps, improve health outcomes, and enhance educational accessibility. Moreover, organizations like Friends-International in Cambodia demonstrate the comprehensive support CSOs provide to vulnerable populations, addressing immediate needs and promoting long-term social welfare. The Interdependence Model, emphasizing cooperation and partnership, effectively captures these collaborative efforts, contrasting with the Pluralist, Corporatist, and Conflict models, which do not fully encompass the cooperative nature of current CSO-state relationships in Southeast Asia. This framework underscores the potential for CSOs and the state to work together to address complex development challenges, thereby fostering sustainable development and enhancing the quality of life across the region.

To clarify how the interaction of socio-material and human factors impacts the implementation of sustainable workplace routines, we developed the identity and practice interdependence model and then applied it to empirical data collected from a major Brazilian steel-producing facility. This qualitative exploratory study examined the model's assumption that employee identity construction principles (e.g., self-esteem, self-efficacy, distinctiveness, continuity) and elements of practices (e.g., materials, meanings, competencies) provided by organizations directly impact routines and also interact in a continuous, interdependent process. Company documents, on-site observations, and data from three focus group sessions with a total of thirty employees from all levels were examined. A deductive reflexive thematic analysis was carried out on the data using Atlas.ti v 8. The results show that the model allows for the identification of the factors and their interactions, providing insights into how greener routines are created, accepted, resisted, maintained, and/or altered. When changes in practice elements can provide a path towards satisfaction of identity principles, rather than threats, there is good engagement in more sustainable routines. Employees seeking satisfaction of identity principles also take initiative, addressing practice elements that can allow for improved routines. Organizations/companies can apply some of the insights that this model provides to facilitate changes towards more sustainable work routines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the critical role of civil society organizations (CSOs) in advancing human development and human flourishing in Southeast Asia, highlighting the suitability of the Interdependence Model in explaining the dynamic interactions between CSOs and the state. CSOs in Southeast Asia significantly contribute to education, health, and social welfare by working collaboratively with government entities. Through initiatives like the Tanoto Foundation's educational programs in Indonesia and the Community-Based Health Care (CBHC) program in Vietnam, CSOs fill crucial service delivery gaps, improve health outcomes, and enhance educational accessibility. Moreover, organizations like Friends-International in Cambodia demonstrate the comprehensive support CSOs provide to vulnerable populations, addressing immediate needs and promoting long-term social welfare. The Interdependence Model, emphasizing cooperation and partnership, effectively captures these collaborative efforts, contrasting with the Pluralist, Corporatist, and Conflict models, which do not fully encompass the cooperative nature of current CSO-state relationships in Southeast Asia. This framework underscores the potential for CSOs and the state to work together to address complex development challenges, thereby fostering sustainable development and enhancing the quality of life across the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultrasonic treatment (UST) applied during the solidification of pure Mg, eutectic (Mg – Zn) and peritectic (Mg – Zr) alloys was investigated in order to explore the grain refinement mechanisms. Temperature dependent grain refinement is observed in pure Mg where decreasing the superheat temperature (at which UST is applied from above the melting temperature, TM) from 100 °C to 40 °C produces significant refinement with a uniform grain structure. The presence of solute reduces the temperature dependence of the UST refinement and excellent grain refinement is obtained regardless of the superheat temperature (100 °C or 40 °C) and even with the use of preheated sonotrode in the Mg – 6 wt.% Zn alloy. A further improvement in grain refinement is achieved when the alloy contains potent particles that introduce additional nucleation of grains in Mg – 0.5 and 1.0 wt.% Zr alloys (producing an average grain size of ≤100 µm). At 40 °C superheat, UST of Mg – Zn alloys produces excellent refinement (average grain size

• Ultrasonic treatment of pure Mg produces uniform refinement at lower superheat. • Solute and potent particle reduces the superheat dependency of UST refinement. • Without potent particles excellent refinement can be achieved in eutectic alloys. • Fine grains are formed beneath the sonotrode and then dispersed into the melt. Ultrasonic treatment (UST) applied during the solidification of pure Mg, eutectic (Mg – Zn) and peritectic (Mg – Zr) alloys was investigated in order to explore the grain refinement mechanisms. Temperature dependent grain refinement is observed in pure Mg where decreasing the superheat temperature (at which UST is applied from above the melting temperature, T M) from 100 °C to 40 °C produces significant refinement with a uniform grain structure. The presence of solute reduces the temperature dependence of the UST refinement and excellent grain refinement is obtained regardless of the superheat temperature (100 °C or 40 °C) and even with the use of preheated sonotrode in the Mg – 6 wt.% Zn alloy. A further improvement in grain refinement is achieved when the alloy contains potent particles that introduce additional nucleation of grains in Mg – 0.5 and 1.0 wt.% Zr alloys (producing an average grain size of ≤100 µm). At 40 °C superheat, UST of Mg – Zn alloys produces excellent refinement (average grain size <200 µm) with non-dendritic grains, which is normally achieved only with the addition of grain refining master alloy in the as-cast condition. The enhanced refinement observed in the eutectic alloy is explained through the undercooling imposed by a relatively cold sonotrode combined with high frequency vibrations and acoustic streaming. The advantages of using a cold sonotrode, a low superheat and solute are demonstrated for achieving significant refinement during solidification of Mg alloys under UST without or with a lower addition of grain refining master alloys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides insights into the effect of high thermal gradients and cooling rates on equiaxed grain nucleation and growth in conditions similar to those experienced during Additive Manufacturing (AM) processes. Bridgman type solidification is numerically simulated with columnar grains growing at a fixed pull rate under a user-imposed thermal gradient. Controlled inoculants of known nucleation undercooling were placed ahead of the growing columnar grains to allow quantitative analysis of nucleation events. At low thermal gradient and cooling rate only the inoculants with low nucleation undercooling were activated due to low melt undercooling driven by constitutional supercooling (CS). As the cooling rate is increased, for a given thermal gradient, a larger number of inoculants with higher nucleation undercoolings were activated. At higher cooling rates, thermal undercooling was generated by a lag in the growth rate of the solid-liquid (S–L) interface compared to the theoretical pull rate. Thus, thermal undercooling becomes dominant leading to the facilitation of nucleation on less potent substrates requiring higher undercooling. The results show a transition from solute-driven undercooling to cooling rate driven thermal undercooling which contributes to the undercooling that activates the nucleation events. Invoking the Interdependence model, it is also shown that the high cooling rate induced thermal undercooling reduces the size of the nucleation free zone substantially. Image, graphical abstract [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper attempts to identify what kind of changes have occurred in the interdependence model and energy dialogue regime between Russia and Europe. The energy dialogue regime was constructed during the Cold War years to manage the gas exchange between Moscow and the West. The economic rationale of this regime was to ensure absolute gain, while the political rationale was to keep Russia as a constrained giant within the economic logic of interdependence and prevent any assertive action on Russia's part. After the demise of the Soviets, changes in the overall and issue based power capabilities, in the economy and technology led to an expectation of regime change. Though the interdependence model retained its strength, the dependence on Russian gas was politicised in European circles and the Europeans began to implement new energy security measures as well as diversification strategies. This paper, by reconsidering turning points in the Post-Cold War interdependence like the 2006, 2009, and 2014 crises, tries to predict how interdependence will evolve in the short and long term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Although it is widely thought that the marital relationship plays a role in individuals' decisions to have colorectal cancer screening, few studies have evaluated partner influences. Purpose: We evaluated the role of marital relationship factors such as a relational perspective on the frequency of spouse discussions about screening and screening intentions. Individual-level factors were also evaluated. Methods: One hundred sixty-eight couples with both members non-adherent with screening completed measures of perceived risk, screening benefits and barriers, marital quality, relational perspective, discussion frequency, and screening intentions. Results: Couples' attitudes about screening were interdependent and one partner's attitudes and behavior were associated with the other partner's intention. There was also evidence of joint effects in that intentions were associated with both one's partner's attitudes and one's own attitudes. Conclusions: Colorectal screening intentions are associated with both partners' attitudes as well as whether or not couples have discussed screening with one another. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Objective: Colorectal cancer screening (CRCS) uptake in the US remains low. The purpose of this study was to use qualitative methods to characterize partner support and influence regarding CRCS decisions among couples who were both either adherent or non-adherent with CRCS. Methods: Eighteen couples were interviewed regarding their discussions about CRCS and support and influence strategies used. Analyses were guided by the Interdependence Model. Results: Direct and indirect partner effects were found. Direct partner effects were evidenced when the impact of one spouse on the CRCS decision of the other was clearly defined and intended. Three direct partner effect themes were leadership, persuasion, and partnership. Indirect partner effects were evidenced by one spouse considering the information, experience, or actions of the other in ways that informed CRCS decision-making, even if that influence was not intentional or specifically directed at CRCS. Three indirect partner effect themes were companionship, support, and peer socialization. Conclusion: Spouse influence plays a role in CRCS decisions. Individuals view CRCS as being important to the health and quality of their relationship. Practice implications: With this increased understanding of the interpersonal context of CRCS, it may be possible to include close others in interventions to improve CRCS. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

I applied the interdependence model to senior high school student-mother dyadic data and investigated different covariates' effects on students' and mothers' expectations simultaneously, controlling for the contemporaneous association between their expectations. Concerning post secondary educational expectations, the application of the method showed that students' average grades and the types and levels of high school attended had an effect on students' expectations. On the other hand, parental education, family income and the level of high school had an effect on mothers' expectations. In regards to four-year colleges, students' average grades and the types and levels of high school had an effect on students' expectations, while sex of the child and the number of children as well as parental education, family income and the level of high school had an effect on mothers' expectations. These results showed that family socioeconomic background variables had an effect on only mothers' expectations, controlling for the contemporaneous association between students and mothers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on ultrasonic treatment (UST) of aluminium, magnesium and zinc undertaken by the authors and their collaborators was stimulated by renewed interest internationally in this technology and the establishment of the ExoMet program of which The University of Queensland (UQ) was a partner. The direction for our research was driven by a desire to understand the UST parameters that need to be controlled to achieve a fine equiaxed grain structure throughout a casting. Previous work highlighted that increasing the growth restriction factor Q can lead to significant refinement when UST is applied. We extended this approach to using the Interdependence model as a framework for identifying some of the factors (e.g., solute and temperature gradient) that could be optimised in order to achieve the best refinement from UST for a range of alloy compositions. This work confirmed established knowledge on the benefits of both liquid-only treatment and the additional refinement when UST is applied during the nucleation stage of solidification. The importance of acoustic streaming, treatment time and settling of grains were revealed as critical factors in achieving a fully equiaxed structure. The Interdependence model also explained the limit to refinement obtained when nanoparticle composites are treated. This overview presents the key results and mechanisms arising from our research and considers directions for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]