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In this work, a simple analytical tool for the efficient, optimal design of passive torsional flapping wings, which is usually done with the complex fluid–structure interaction method, is proposed....

Crossing, or goal crossing, has proven useful in various selection scenarios, including pen, mouse, touch, and virtual reality (VR). However, crossing has not been exploited for freehand selection using augmented reality head-mounted displays (AR HMDs). Using the HoloLens, we explore freehand crossing for selection and compare it to the state-of-the-art “gaze and commit” (head gaze) method. We report on three studies investigating freehand crossing in multiple use cases. The first study shows that crossing outperforms head gaze in selection scenarios of varying target arrangements. The second explores crossing, head gaze, and hand pointing in radial menu and dynamic interface scenarios. The third explores crossing as a function carrier for a variety of basic interaction functions in a drawing application. This work builds on existing knowledge on the goal-crossing paradigm by demonstrating its potential as a useful interaction method in 3D AR HMD interfaces.

Recent hand tracking systems have contributed to enhancing user experience in the virtual environment (VE) due to its natural and intuitive interaction. In addition, wearable haptic devices are another approach to provide engaging and immersive experiences. However, controllers are still prevalent in VR (Virtual Reality) games as a main interaction device. Also, haptic devices are rare and not widely accepted by users because they get bulky to implement sophisticated haptic sensation. To overcome this issue, I conducted experiments (Study 1 and Study 2 of this Thesis) to investigate the effect of interaction method (controller and whole-hand interaction using hand tracking) and vibrotactile feedback on user experience in the VR game. In Study 1 of this Thesis, I recruited 36 participants and compared the user's sense of presence, engagement, usability, and task performance under three different conditions: (1) VR controllers, (2) hand tracking without vibrotactile feedback, and (3) hand tracking with vibrotactile feedback at fingertips through the gloves I developed. The gloves deliver vibrotactile feedback at each fingertip by vibration motors. I observed that whole-hand interaction using hand tracking enhanced the user's sense of presence, engagement, usability, and task performance. Further vibrotactile feedback increased the presence and engagement more clearly. Based on the participants' feedback, I could further modify the form factor to make it more usable in the VR game and comfortable to wear on a regular basis. In this sense, in Study 2 of this Thesis, I developed a new thimble-shape device to deliver vibrotactile feedback only at one fingertip rather than ten fingertips. Further, social VR is an emerging VR platform where multiple users can interact with one another. However, most social VR applications have not provided a sense of touch. I recruited 24 participants and conducted an experiment that explored the effects of interaction method and fingertip vibrotactile feedback on the user's sense of social presence, presence, engagement, and task performance in a cooperative VR game under four different conditions: (1) VR controllers without vibrotactile feedback, (2) VR controllers with vibrotactile feedback, (3) hand tracking without vibrotactile feedback, and (4) hand tracking with vibrotactile feedback with the fingertip vibrotactile device. The results showed that whole-hand interaction using hand tracking increased the level of presence. In addition, multiple items in the presence questionnaire indicated that vibrotactile feedback enhanced the level of presence as well. However, I could not observe the significant difference in social presence due to the unique setting of this experiment. Unlike the previous studies, my task was sufficiently cooperative, and thus, the participants felt high level of social presence regardless the conditions, which led to the ceiling effect. I also observed that there was no significant difference in engagement. Controller conditions had higher performance than hand tracking due to the technological limitations in hand tracking. Results are discussed in terms of implications for the components of interaction in the VR with hands, a touch in social VR, cooperative VR game, and practical design guidelines. Master of Science Recent hand tracking systems have contributed to enhancing user experience in the virtual environment (VE) due to its natural and intuitive interaction. In addition, wearable haptic devices are another approach to provide engaging and immersive experiences. However, controllers are still prevalent in VR (Virtual Reality) games as a main interaction device. Also, haptic devices are rare and not widely accepted by users because they get bulky to implement sophisticated haptic sensation. To overcome this issue, I conducted experiments (Study 1 and Study 2 of this Thesis) to investigate the effect of interaction method (controller and whole-hand interaction using hand tracking) and vibrotactile feedback on user experience in the VR game. In Study 1 of this Thesis, I recruited 36 participants and compared the user's sense of presence, engagement, usability, and task performance under three different conditions: (1) VR controllers, (2) hand tracking without vibrotactile feedback, and (3) hand tracking with vibrotactile feedback at fingertips through the gloves I developed. The gloves deliver vibrotactile feedback at each fingertip by vibration motors. I observed that whole-hand interaction using hand tracking enhanced the user's sense of presence, engagement, usability, and task performance. Further vibrotactile feedback increased the presence and engagement more clearly. Based on the participants' feedback, I could further modify the form factor to make it more usable in the VR game and comfortable to wear on a regular basis. In this sense, in Study 2 of this Thesis, I developed a new thimble-shape device to deliver vibrotactile feedback only at one fingertip rather than ten fingertips. Further, social VR is an emerging VR platform where multiple users can interact with one another. However, most social VR applications have not provided a sense of touch. I recruited 24 participants and conducted an experiment that explored the effects of interaction method and fingertip vibrotactile feedback on the user's sense of social presence, presence, engagement, and task performance in a cooperative VR game under four different conditions: (1) VR controllers without vibrotactile feedback, (2) VR controllers with vibrotactile feedback, (3) hand tracking without vibrotactile feedback, and (4) hand tracking with vibrotactile feedback with the fingertip vibrotactile device. The results showed that whole-hand interaction using hand tracking increased the level of presence. In addition, multiple items in the presence questionnaire indicated that vibrotactile feedback enhanced the level of presence as well. However, I could not observe the significant difference in social presence due to the unique setting of this experiment. Unlike the previous studies, my task was sufficiently cooperative, and thus, the participants felt high level of social presence regardless the conditions, which led to the ceiling effect. I also observed that there was no significant difference in engagement. Controller conditions had higher performance than hand tracking due to the technological limitations in hand tracking. Results are discussed in terms of implications for the components of interaction in the VR with hands, a touch in social VR, cooperative VR game, and practical design guidelines.

The intense rainfall equations present a great technical interest for hydraulic works projects. In the State of Bahia, there are only 19 equations of intensity, duration and frequency modeling, requiring a greater number of equations for the State. The most recent ones are almost 15 years old, with only two in the Peruípe, Itanhém and Jucuruçu river basins. Thus, the objective of this work was to determine the parameters of the equations of intensity, duration and frequency (IDF) of the rainfall stations for different locations of the basins of the Peruípe, Itanhém and Jucuruçu rivers, located in the far southern Bahia State. Initially, 59 stations were selected, out of which only those with over 20 year-old data and records from 1980 onwards. Rainfall disaggregation was carried out using the method proposed by Cetesb (Environmental Company of the State of São Paulo, Brazil) and the parameters (K, a, b and c) were adjusted through nonlinear multiple regression using the nonlinear-generalized reduced gradient interaction method, where adjustment was evaluated by the coefficient of determination (R2). In the end, 29 equations were adjusted, with coefficient of determination greater than 0.99, therefore, improving the perspective of planning hydraulic works in the region. This correlation could also be observed by the regression equation of the observed data with the adjusted ones, where the slope coefficient of the line was close to 1.0 for all rainfall stations.

Breathing is a natural and directly controllable human activity. Currently, some works have considered breath as a direct input controlling mechanism. The equipment relied upon in these works is generally complicated, expensive, inconvenient to wear, and sometimes insufficiently controllable. The use of breathing interaction is also limited to a certain scene and is not universal. This paper proposes an adaptive interaction method, which is a natural and directly controllable interaction based on blowing air that only uses headset microphones to obtain the sound waveform of the blowing action without requiring expensive equipment, and that can be used conveniently anytime and anywhere. This blowing interaction uses a Siamese network to achieve “self-adaptation” - the first step adapts to noise interference, including environmental noise and the user's own speaking interference, and the second step adapts to different users and equipment, that is, the blowing interaction is used by different people or on different equipment, and the interaction mode can accurately identify the type of blowing. This paper also develops several applications of the blowing interaction method to test the algorithm. During tests, it's proved that this interface not only increases the type of blowing used for interaction but also eliminates interference from speaking in a normal volume effectively and addresses the problem of individual differences.

Cavitation inception in slots on the flat walls is analyzed in the steady flow approach using a viscous-inviscid interaction method. It was assumed that, in the accordance with known observations, cavities appear as spherical bubbles in the cores of vortices near the slot corners. Computed cavitation inception numbers are compared with published experimental results of other authors within wide ranges of inflow parameters. The comparison shows a satisfactory agreement of computations with the measured data.

Development in human-computer interactions (HCI) has increased over the last decades due to the widespread use of computing devices such as portable computers and smartphones. While the conventional keyboard and mouse are effective, their use can be limited, therefore the hand gesture is an alternative interaction method. The development of a hand gesture recognition system will certainly improve the existing HCI systems. In this study, a hand gesture recognition system was presented using commercially available continuous-wave (CW) radar combined with a classification algorithm based on k-nearest neighbours. The principal component analysis (PCA) is proposed to extract features and reduce dimensionality of hand gesture spectra. Performance validation based on the leave-one-out procedure shows that the proposed system has almost 100% classification accuracy.

In this study, a plasma jet of argon gas was impinged with a solution of metal salt and stabilizers for production of silver NPs. To optimize the absorbance parameter, a simplex centroid design (SCD) was used to optimize the experiments. The combined and individual effect of stabilizers on the synthesis of Ag NPs was significant when P-value < 0.05. SCD optimization of UV results showed a sharp SPR band at 302 nm. In FTIR analysis, bond absorption at 1633 cm−1 attributed to C=O was shifted to higher wavelength due to saccharides addition. XRD analysis confirmed the FCC structure of Ag NPs having average size of 15 nm. SEM- EDX revealed the formation of spherical shaped Ag NPs with strong absorption at 3 keV confirming the presence of the Ag content. Antibacterial activity of Ag NPs was significant against both bacteria, with slightly stronger activity against Staph. aureus than Escherichia coli.

The capabilities of commercial virtual reality (VR) systems can be utilized to implement a wide spectrum of interaction and locomotion methods. However, immersion in VR is often accompanied by undesirable physical sensations that undermine the VR gaming experience. Presenting the results of a user study (N = 20) comparing the physiological and cognitive aftereffects of three different VR games with game mechanics centered around natural interaction, this paper attempts to shed light on the impact of different content factors (e.g., game genre, visual environment, interaction method) on user comfort. While moving away from cybersickness as the primary measure of VR-induced discomfort through investigating a broader set of physical symptoms, such as device-related discomfort, muscle fatigue, and pain, we also include a discussion on the complexities of measuring cybersickness for physically demanding games. Further focusing on cognitive performance, we discuss preliminary findings regarding different effects of common VR game interactions (pick and place, slicing, and shooting) on reaction time.

For preliminary design of compressor transition ducts, knowledge-based tools for the rapid assessment of aerodynamic performance of S-shaped ducts are not currently available in the open literature. This is due to the highly complex flow developing under the combined influence of pressure gradients and streamline curvature. This paper presents a new approach enabling an agile design process avoiding premature use of time-consuming high-fidelity CFD calculations. The features of a 2D axisymmetric incompressible steady flow field are captured with a semi-analytical viscous inviscid interaction method. A potential core, based on streamline curvature and implicit velocity profile by parametric spline reconstruction, is coupled to an integral method predicting the turbulent boundary layer growth up to separation. The shear stress distribution is generated by a modified mixing length model for strongly curved flows and wall shear stress closure is performed by inverse calculation of a composite law-of-the-wall. When compared to CFD, the aerodynamic loading is generally predicted to within ±3% but convergence is achieved 20 times faster.

International audience; We are developing a virtual agent based on the Motivational Interviewing method to help elderly and inactive individuals change their behavior. The agent engages users in a conversation that aims to highlight reasons why they might want to increase their level of physical activity. In this work, we describe our approach to computerized adaptation of Motivational Interviewing. A study evaluates the outcome of this approach and the system as a whole. CCS CONCEPTS • Human-centered computing → Interaction design; User studies.; Nous développons un agent virtuel qui s’inspire de la méthode de l’Entretien Motivationnel pour soutenir des individus âgés et inactifs dans un changement de comportement positif. L’agent engage les utilisateurs dans une conversation qui a pour objectif de mettre en évidence les raisons qui pourraient les inciter à augmenter leur niveau d’activité physique. Dans ce travail, nous décrivons notre approche pour effectuer une adaptation informatisée de l’Entretien Motivationnel. Une étude évalue le résultat de cette démarche et le système dans son ensemble.

Direct teaching can help users without the expertise of robots to quickly program a robot and plan trajectories in a complex environment. It is one of the typical applications of human-robot cooperation for improving production efficiency. However, the existing direct teaching system and related research have the problem that the human-robot communication is not intuitive enough, and the personnel safety in the teaching-playback process cannot be fully guaranteed. Based on the self-developed torque-controlled robot platform, we propose a force interaction method to achieve natural command communication. Then, combined with the analysis of the security threats in the operation process, a proper behavior of the direct teaching robot is designed to form a complete teaching-playback strategy. The proposed force recognition method and direct teaching behavior are verified on a 7-DOF collaborative robot.

Robots manipulating in domestic environments generally need to interact with articulated objects, such as doors, drawers, laptops and swivel chairs. The rigid bodies that make up these objects are connected by a revolute pair or a prismatic pair. Robots are expected to learn and understand the objects' articulated constraints with a simple interaction method. In this way, the autonomy of robot manipulation will be greatly improved in an environment with unstructured constraints. In this paper, a method is proposed to obtain the articulated objects' constraint model by learning from a one-shot continuous visual demonstration which contains multistep movements, and this enables human teacher to continuously demonstrate several tasks at once without manual segmentation. At the end of this paper, a six-degree-of-freedom robot uses the constraint model obtained by demonstration learning to achieve manipulation planning of various tasks based on the AG-CBiRRT algorithm.

This paper designs a cloud-side business interaction method for the power Internet of Things, expounds the initialization of the edge proxy on the edge of the power Internet of Things and the related interface protocol information of the cloud Internet of Things platform, and gives the power Internet of Things model distribution, data reporting, and data The interactive method of request and business command, and finally verified the feasibility of the power Internet of Things cloud-side business interactive method through experiments.

This research focuses on the implementation of an approach of multi-stage in fluidization systems in various aspects. The multi-stage fluidized bed has been proposed to improve the process and function of fluidization systems based on the current of the single-stage methods. The detailed of single-stage fluidization interaction method provides a realistic visualization of airflow and fluidization system interaction. In this article, a variant application, involving in multi-stage fluidized bed has been reviewed. In a few articles were analyzed, each manuscript was evaluated based on the scientific work via fluidization systems. The experimental study and analysis of airflow characteristics was a valuable tool to understand this phenomenon of the multi-stage fluidized bed process. Then the parameter, flow properties, activities of the multi-stage fluidized bed systems have been considered to the current swirling fluidized bed being applied to study. As a result of this short review, each multi-stage fluidized bed has its capability and suitability for its products and studies. Finally, the concentration of multi-stage fluidized bed is also highlighted in these manuscripts.

Cybersickness is a symptom that is common among game players. Although each player has a different level of symptom, this feeling will occur during the long-term experience of video games. Studies have shown that cybersickness is caused by many factors, including display hardware, screen content, and human factors.

With the development of 5G technology and the advent of the fourth industrial revolution, Intelligent Collaborative Manufacturing has become the new tendency of industry upgrading promotion in manufacturing in China. Based on COSMOPlat, an intelligent collaborative manufacturing platform established by Haier, this paper studies an intelligent collaborative manufacturing mechanism with full-processing parallel interaction based on data-driven. With the background of full-processing parallel interaction, the proposed mechanism helps new industrial ecosystem users remote interact and co-design customized manufacturing projects. We also proposed a parallel interaction method that utilize a transparent, efficient data to drive all aspects of production processes, which would help manufacturing enterprises to realize the transformation from selling single products to providing intelligent solutions cooperatively, and supporting the upgrading of traditional manufacturing to intelligent manufacturing.

Artificial intelligence (AI) technology has made many progresses in machine learning and closed problem solving, but the ill-defined problems are difficult to solve intelligently by AI due to the hidden insufficient knowledge and information. This paper studies the difficulties of ill-defined problem solving and analyses the directions to solve it intelligently based on Extenics in the big data environment, then knowledge intelligence expansion flowchart is presented to fill knowledge gaps of ill-defined problem solving from multi-source, heterogeneous, and massive information by human-computer interaction method to realizes the mechanism of knowledge matching. Our new research directions may improve the degree of transformation from uncertainty and randomness to inevitability in the process of solving ill-defined problems, and will promote the formation of an emerging direction of extension intelligence beyond knowledge management and artificial intelligence.

We propose a hand gesture interaction method using a low-resolution infrared image sensor on an inner wrist. We attach the sensor to the strap of a wrist-worn device, on the palmar side, and apply machine-learning techniques to recognize the gestures made by the opposite hand. As the sensor is placed on the inner wrist, the user can naturally control its direction to reduce privacy invasion. Our method can recognize four types of hand gestures: static hand poses, dynamic hand gestures, finger motion, and the relative hand position. We developed a prototype that does not invade surrounding people's privacy using an 8 x 8 low-resolution infrared image sensor. Then we conducted experiments to validate our prototype, and our results imply that the low-resolution sensor has sufficient capabilities for recognizing a rich array of hand gestures. In this paper, we introduce an implementation of a mapping application that can be controlled by our specified hand gestures, including gestures that use both hands.

At present domestic emergency information interaction lack of flexibility, after a natural disaster, on-site rescue workers with the rescue headquarters, emergency command center, sharing of information between were studied based on the scene of the electric power emergency mobile information real-time interactive methods, design a kind of power at the scene of the emergency mobile friendly each other, are at the scene of the emergency and emergency command center cluster information real-time interactive technology, gives the power emergency field information real-time interactive system prototype and power at the scene of the emergency information real-time interactive software and hardware integration solutions, to build the efficient method of multi-type information submitted by emergency disposal across departments and information interaction ability.

With the rapid development of computer technology, voice technology has become a research hotspot in the field of deep learning. Allowing computers to listen, see, speak and feel is the future development direction of human-computer interaction. Among them, voice becomes the most promising human-computer interaction method in the future which has more advantages than other interaction methods. Voice cloning is one of the branches of voice technology, which can imitate the voice of a specific person. In order to solve the problem of the need to provide a large number of samples and long waiting time for voice cloning in the past, a method to complete real time voice cloning with only a few samples is proposed. This method is different from the traditional model. Three models are used for joint modeling, and different databases are used for independent training. The vocoder uses a new type of LPCNET, which can achieve good results on some samples and low-performance devices.

The current protein interaction method is time consuming and cumbersome or the instrument is expensive. A new method that is convenient, fast, and high throughput needs to be studied urgently. The purpose of this study was to establish a homogeneous immunoassay to detect the interaction between insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor-β (IGF1R-β) and suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1). The recombinant vectors IGF1R-β/pENTER and SOCS1/pENTER were constructed and transfected into 293T cells. Based on homogeneous immunoassay technology, we established a suitable method. The signal intensity in the 293T lysate that overexpressed IGF1R-β and SOCS1, respectively, was compared with the signal intensity in the simultaneous expression of IGF1R-β and SOCS1. The interaction between IGF1R-β and SOCS1 was verified in vitro. The detection system for the interaction between IGF1R-β and SOCS1 was established. Compared with other methods, homogeneous immunoassay has the advantages of being rapid and sensitive, having higher sensitivity, and easy to operate. The interaction between IGF1R-β and SOCS1 was tested to verify the feasibility of this method and prove its practicability and sensitivity. This new method can be used as a high-throughput platform for protein-protein interaction, with the advantages of trace detection, short detective time, and high detective sensitivity.

Recent studies have shown a number of procedural similarities between solving problems in mental and in physical rotation. Such similarities open up the interesting option to study mental rotation indirectly through physical rotation, with the advantage that physical rotation processes can be much more easily observed than mental ones. To better assess where solution processes in mental and physical rotation differ, though, it is important to know what influence any specific interaction method in physical rotation will have. We present results from a comparison of two such interaction methods: a one-handed, touch-based and a two-handed, ball-based method. Our analysis focuses on fixation durations and saccade amplitudes as proxies for mental load. Results show, importantly, that the choice of interaction method seems to matter but little. We therefore suggest that the existing findings of past studies that have compared mental to physical rotation are likely highly comparable, despite the fact that different interaction techniques were used.

Eye tracking as a hands -free input method can be a significant addition to the lives of people with a motor disability. With this motivation in mind, so far research in eye -controlled interaction has focused on several aspects of interpreting eye tracking as input for pointing, typing, and interaction methods with interfaces. In this chapter, we review and elaborate different evaluation methods used in gaze interaction research, so the readers can inform themselves of the procedure and metrics to assess their novel gaze interaction method or interface.

We present DRoom, a gamified demonstration of our Real Haptics technology, a novel interaction method for virtual environments. Participants in this demonstration will experience the benefits of Real Haptics while playing an escape room game in which they will have to solve several puzzles using objects in the room within a predefined time frame. And they will have fun.

With the spread of electronic devices such as smartphones and tablets, the transfer of electronic information such as images and videos has become commonplace. To exchange electronic information using e-mail or social network services a sender needs to know the recipient's contact information. However, if the recipient is a newly-encountered person or an ad hoc partner, a significant number of them are reluctant to exchange contact details. To address this issue, we propose an interaction method for transferring electronic information by tearing a sheet of paper. This is an approach that utilizes the fact that when a piece of paper is torn into two pieces, the features of the torn edges of the two pieces match.

Training a working dog for a role such as bomb detection or search and rescue can take years, incurring a large cost. As detection work requires visual and odor-based problem-solving abilities, we have started to investigate how to quantify these abilities to assess a dog's potential. Towards this goal, we studied if and how a dog can remotely drive a robot through a simple maze. In our feasibility study, the dogs interact with an affordance mounted on a raised platform which triggers robot movement while also providing visual feedback from the robot. This study evaluated three affordances (tug, button press, and proximity) on two participants to drive the robot through a straight course. By identifying the best robot-canine interaction method, we show the potential for canines extending visual problem-solving abilities to an external device.

The existing Kinect somatosensory games and other human–computer interaction are lack of natural interaction experience. We made research on a natural immersive closed-loop interaction method for human–robot “rock–paper–scissors” game. Kinect was used to make somatosensory dynamic recognition. Mechanical arm was used to make gestures to interact with human and to show the result of the game. System through the development of Modbus master and Modbus slave based on Arduino to control the mechanical arm, and used the multithread concurrent to achieve a better real-time experience. The PC was programmed to determine the outcome and record the result. The natural immersive closed-loop interaction method has the advantages of natural interaction, fast response, and strong expansibility.

this paper presents an interaction method for wearable AR (augmented reality) by using VR box with virtual buttons. It is introducing an Android application that could help medical students in their learning. Anatomy education is traditionally performed by the dissection of cadavers. This AR technology could offer an additional teaching method for anatomy education, depending on how it is implemented. Studying AR in medical education could provide benefits for medical education and provide students a more personalized and exploration in learning experiences. Virtual buttons interaction in this application let learning experience more interesting for the medical students.