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El estudio presenta el caso de una mujer de 47 años con diabetes tipo 2 (DM-II), hipertensión y anemia, tratada con metformina, glibenclamida, metoprolol y hierro/ácido fólico. Se identificó una interacción farmacológica entre glibenclamida y metoprolol, causando síntomas de hipoglucemia por la tarde. La evaluación mediante la Escala de Probabilidad de Interacciones Farmacológicas (EPIF) de Horn sugirió una interacción probable. El análisis farmacocinético reveló que el tiempo en el cual se alcanzan las concentraciones máximas de ambos fármacos coincidía con el inicio de los síntomas. Se implementó un nuevo horario de medicación que resolvió los síntomas. La interacción farmacológica se atribuyó al bloqueo de los efectos adrenérgicos por el metoprolol, comprometiendo la capacidad de contrarrestar la acción de la insulina liberada por la glibenclamida. Se resalta la importancia de la vigilancia, la toma de decisiones informadas y la implementación de estrategias preventivas para garantizar la seguridad y eficacia del tratamiento farmacológico en pacientes con condiciones clínicas específicas, como la DM-II y enfermedades cardiovasculares concomitantes.

The study presents the case of a 47-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes (T2D), hypertension and anemia, treated with metformin, glyburide, metoprolol, and iron/folic acid. A drug interaction was identified between glyburide and metoprolol, causing symptoms of hypoglycemia in the afternoon. Evaluation using Horn’s Drug Interaction Probability Scale (DIPS) suggested a probable interaction. Pharmacokinetic analysis revealed that the time at which the maximum concentrations of both drugs were reached coincided with the onset of symptoms. A new medication schedule was implemented which resolved the symptoms. The drug interaction was attributed to the blockade of adrenergic effects by metoprolol, compromising the ability to counteract the action of insulin released by glybenclamide. The importance of surveillance, informed decision-making and the implementation of preventive strategies is highlighted to ensure the safety and effectiveness of pharmacological treatment in patients with specific clinical conditions, such as T2D and concomitant cardiovascular diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Arquivos de Ciências da Saúde da UNIPAR is the property of Associacao Paranaense de Ensino e Cultura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Arquivos de Ciências da Saúde da UNIPAR is the property of Associacao Paranaense de Ensino e Cultura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Adicciones is the property of Sociedad Cientifica Espanola de Estudios sobre el Alcohol and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objectives: To analyze the prevalence and factors associated with potential clinically significant drug interactions (pDDIs) in a coronary care unit and to describe clinical management for reducing the occurrence of pDDIs., Methods: A cross-sectional and analytical study was conducted on 120 patients aged≥18 years and who had used two or more medications who were admitted to coronary care unit at a high-complexity hospital in Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. Participants were recruited consecutively from May 2018 to April 2019. Data were obtained from medical records. The Micromedex tool was used for the analysis of pDDIs. Descriptive statistics and a generalized linear model with Poisson distribution were used to assess the relations between independent variables and exposure to pDDIs., Results: The prevalence of patients exposed to pDDIs of major severity was 81.6%. 73.8% had the increased risk of bleeding as the clinical impact and involved the co-administration of drugs related to antiplatelet therapy and anticoagulation. Having had a myocardial infarction (P=.007), using a greater number of medications (P=.009), and consuming a greater number of medications that act on the blood and hematopoietic organs (P=.006) increased the likelihood of greater potential drug interactions., Conclusion: The prevalence of major severity pDDI was high. Having suffered a myocardial infarction, using polypharmacy and receiving medications that act on the blood/hematopoietic organs increased the likelihood of this clinical outcome. However, the most combinations showed synergistic effects that improved cardiocirculatory performance, highlighting the need for therapeutic success, with this contributing to the restoration of patients' health and improvement in their quality of life., (Copyright © 2020 Sociedad Española de Enfermería Intensiva y Unidades Coronarias (SEEIUC). Published by Elsevier España S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Copyright of Revista Española de Quimioterapia is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Española de Quimioterapia is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aim: To evaluate the drug profile concerning occurrence of the polypharmacy, potential drug-drug interactions and potentially inappropriate medication prescribed to aging adults admitted for bone fractures. Cross-sectional, quantitative and analytical study, conducted in January 2019 to January of 2020 with patients attended for bone fractures in any body segment, candidates for surgical treatment, under drug therapy in the Hospital Municipal de Imperatriz (HMI), Maranhão. Methodology: The prescriptions were analyzed with the assistance of Lexi-Interact® database to verification potential drug-drug interactions and the Beers criteria updated in 2019 by the American Geriatrics Society to classify potentially inappropriate medications. The chi-square test and Fisher's exact test were used to verify associations. Results: A total of 29 geriatric patients were included in this study. The prevalence of polypharmacy was 75.8%. 25 patients (86.2%) used at least one medication potentially inappropriate for the aging adults. Of the 115 potential drug-drug interactions, 45.3% had a deleterious effect on the patient clinical condition. Conclusion: The frequency of polypharmacy, potential drug interactions with deleterious action on clinical condition, and prescription of potentially inappropriate medications for geriatric patients during hospitalization was high. The most prevalent pharmacological classes were NSAIDs, analgesic, antibiotic, and gastric protector. Proximal femur fractures were the most prevalent in this research. Thus, it is hoped to contribute to taking consensus measures for prescribing in this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Española de Quimioterapia is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introducción. El tratamiento antirretroviral de la infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (HIV) se ha relacionado con diversos problemas de los medicamentos que causan o pueden causar la aparición de resultados negativos. En este contexto, es importante determinar su incidencia, caracterizarlos y clasificarlos para diseñar estrategias que minimicen su impacto. Objetivo. Estimar la incidencia global y de cada uno de los problemas relacionados con los medicamentos antirretrovirales utilizados en el tratamiento del HIV en una cohorte de pacientes hospitalizados en una institución de tercer nivel de Bogotá. Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo de cohorte en pacientes de 18 años o más de edad con diagnóstico de infección por el HIV y en tratamiento antirretroviral, hospitalizados entre el 1° enero de 2015 y el 31 de diciembre de 2016 en el Hospital Santa Clara de Bogotá. Resultados. La incidencia global de los problemas relacionados con los medicamentos antirretrovirales fue de 0,90 (IC95% 0,85-0,93). La incidencia de las interacciones medicamentosas fue de 0,85 (IC95% 0,80-0,90), la de las reacciones adversas de 0,28 (IC95% 0,22-0,35) y la del error de prescripción de 0,12 (IC95% 0,08-0,17). Conclusión. Los problemas relacionados con los medicamentos deben estudiarse, diagnosticarse, prevenirse y tratarse para que el personal de salud pueda anticiparse a su aparición, disminuir su incidencia, implementar planes de manejo del riesgo y optimizar el cumplimiento del tratamiento antirretroviral.

RESUMEN Introducción: El consumo elevado de medicamentos se asocia a factores que propician su uso inadecuado y posibles consecuencias en el objetivo terapéutico, el control de la enfermedad. Objetivo: Caracterizar las posibles interacciones medicamentosas como un problema de salud para la población general y los prescriptores del sistema. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo y transversal, serie de casos de consecuencias prácticas con elementos de esquema terapéutico. Población de 214 individuos consumidores de medicamentos, entre 18 y 89 años, seleccionados al azar por muestreo probabilístico estratificado. Escenario: consultorios de la Atención Primaria (9, 10) y consultas de medicina interna de instituciones hospitalarias en Cienfuegos, Cuba. Período: primer trimestre, año 2017. Variables investigadas: sociodemográficas, tipo de prescripción, grupos farmacológicos y posibles interacciones medicamentosas. Resultados: La media de consumo fue de 10,5 en mujeres de la tercera edad. De 365 prescripciones el 54,2 % fueron posibles interacciones medicamentosas, predominaron las de tipo farmacocinéticas (95,4 %), y de ellas las relacionadas con el metabolismo por automedicación (34,3 %), así como el consumo de omeprazol u otra sustancia no farmacológica inhibidores del CYP-450, como el jugo de toronja y el consumo de alcohol crónico. El tabaco fue el inductor que más se identificó 25 (58,1 %), propiciando posibles fallas terapéuticas. Conclusión: Las posibles interacciones medicamentosas se presentaron como problema de salud imperceptible para la población sana y enferma. Los prescriptores de salud generalmente no las tienen en cuenta, donde las de mayor riesgo se relacionan con inhibidores del metabolismo oxidativo, lo cual propicia posibles daños a la salud del ser humano.

Introduction: Drug-drug interactions occur more frequently in intensive care units than in other services. However, in Colombia, there are few studies on this problem in critically ill patients. Objectives: To characterize potential drug-drug interactions generated from prescriptions during hospitalization in an intensive care unit and to determine factors associated with their onset. Materials and methods: A retrospective cohort was assembled with patients hospitalized in an intensive care unit for a seven-month period. The daily prescription was assessed for potential drugdrug interactions using the Lexicomp® program. We calculated the incidence of interactions, classified them by type, severity, and level of documentation, and evaluated the factors associated with their onset using logistic regression. Results: The proportion of patients with at least one interaction was 84% while 87% had more than one interaction; the median was six interactions per patient. The most frequent was fentanyl and midazolam (23%). Moderate interactions were the most frequent by severity (77.6%) and by documentation (52.6%). The most common index and precipitating drugs were midazolam (12%) and fentanyl (10.6%), respectively. Age (OR=3.1) and the number of drugs (OR=11.8) were associated with the occurrence of interactions. Conclusions: Given their high frequency and potential negative impact, the systematic monitoring of prescriptions in intensive care units to detect interactions is important. Such monitoring contributes to the rational use of medicines and to improve the quality of care.

Knowledge of newly identified and well established adverse drug reactions (ADR) in horses will limit the amount of iatrogenic medical interventions, and will hasten recovery of equine patients from a given disease. ADRs can occur at any given time and under a great variety of clinical settings. However, if clinicians reinforce their continuous education on this subject, and become aware of the underlying mechanisms that induce ADRs they can both administer drugs with a greater margin of safety and certainly, predict the likelyhood of the presentation of ADRs. In turn, clinicians will be capable of suggesting the use of an alternative drug. The aim of this review is to bring up-to-date the reported knowledge on ADRs in horses, identifying the modus operandi, the incidence, the possible extension of the organic damage and when possible, the adequate treatment. It is our hope that busy equine practitioners and their patients will benefit from this retrospective analysis of ADRs in horses. This review also attempts to encourage practitioners to report new ADRs that will enrich the knowledge of pharmacological peculiarities of drugs used in equine practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objetivo: establecer y evaluar la relevancia clínica de las interacciones medicamentosas en el tratamiento de pacientes con hepatitis C. Método: se realizó una búsqueda en PubMed/MedLine de artículos publicados en inglés y en español, desde el 1 de enero de 2015 hasta el 30 de marzo de 2017, utilizando los términos Mesh: Hepatitis C AND drug interactions OR herb-drug interactions OR food-drug interactions, de estudios realizados en humanos. La relevancia clínica de las interacciones medicamentosas se estableció y evaluó con base en la probabilidad de ocurrencia y la gravedad de la interacción. Resultados: se identificaron 184 artículos, de los cuales 92 se seleccionaron por el título y resumen para revisión completa, a 2 de ellos no fue posible acceder al texto completo. De estos, 57 aportaban interacciones, lo que permitió identificar 155 parejas de interacciones medicamentosas, de las cuales 154 (99,4 %) fueron farmacocinéticas y 1 (0,6 %) farmacodinámica. Por su parte, de las 155 parejas, 34 (21,9 %) se valoraron de nivel 1; 73 (47,1 %) de nivel 2; 48 (31,0 %) de nivel 3; y 0 (0,0 %) de nivel 4. Además, se identificaron 29 parejas agrupadas como interacciones con evidencia de ausencia de relevancia clínica. Conclusiones: más de 99 % de las interacciones medicamentosas de relevancia clínica son farmacocinéticas, asociadas con cambios en el metabolismo y el transporte de fármacos; el simeprevir y la terapia 3D (Paritaprevir/Ritonavir+ Ombitasvir+Dasabuvir) fueron los medicamentos con mayor número de interacciones.

Objective: To analyze the use of drugs to prevent drug interference. Methodology: Descriptive cross study, retrospective, with quantitative documentary and mental analysis. Results: Sixty-two drug prescriptions were analyzed and 39 sub-drug groups were identified. The most prevalent drugs were diuretics, followed by antihypertensives and beta-blockers. We identified 729 doses of medications and 446 medications in 62 prescriptions analyzed. The mean number of doses per prescription was 11.7 and the average number of prescription medications was 7.1. Medication Drug Interaction Checker®, Medscape Drug Interaction Checker®. Conclusion: Potential drug interactions occurred to make drug treatment. However, the role can be an important barrier to patient safety when it comes to a knowledge scientist, multidisciplinary team, and technology that supports a safer routine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although HAART cannot eradicate HIV, it suppresses viral replication, resulting in a progressive reduction in HIV-related morbidity and mortality. The increase in life expectancy for HIV-infected patients has turned this disease into a chronic disease and, therefore, to the appearance of comorbidities. At the same time there is an increase in the use of concomitant medication, making HIV-infected patient a polymedicated patient. Objective: To determine the degree of polypharmacy and to describe clinically relevant drug interactions, as well as the comorbidities and adherence to HAART in HIV + patients over 50 years. Methods: Observational, transversal study. Patients =50 years on HAART ambulatory were included. The variables were collected: aged, sex, VL, CD4, comorbidities, ARV, concomitant medication, herbal products and adherence. Patients who did not sign informed consent were excluded. Results: Were included 154 patients =50 years on HAART. The presence of polypharmacy, defined as the use of 5 or more medications including HAART, was 40.3%. 73.4% of the patients had concomitant medication: lipid-lowering agents (33.8%), anxiolytics / sedatives (28.6%), proton-pump inhibitors (26.0%) antihypertensive agents (23.4%). 102 relevant interactions were recorded, finding statistically significant differences in relation to the presence of polypharmacy and pharmacologic drugs classes (p <0.001). Conclusion: The prevalence of polypharmacy among HIV+ patients =50 years is high. Comorbidities, interactions and drugs associated were similar to those described in the literature. It is necessary to establish priorities in relation to drug interactions with polypharmacy and a correct approach to the pathologies that may develop. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Biomédica: Revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud is the property of Instituto Nacional de Salud of Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: This study-s objective is to establish and evaluate the clinical relevance of drug interactions during treatment of patients with hepatitis C. Method: A PubMed/MedLine search was conducted for articles published in English and Spanish from January 1, 2015 to March 30, 2017 using the terms Mesh: Hepatitis C AND drug interactions OR herb-drug interactions OR food-drug interactions, from studies conducted in humans. The clinical relevance of drug interactions was established and evaluated based on probability of occurrence and severity of interactions. Results: Of the 184 four articles identified, 92 were selected by title and abstract for full review. The full texts of two articles could not be accessed. Of the remaining articles, 57 describ ed relevant interactions. Of the 155 pairs of drugs that interact that were identified, 154 (99.4%) were pharmacokinetic, and one (0.6%) was pharmacodynamic. Thirty-four of the 155 pairs (21.9%) were assessed at level 1; 73 (47.1%) were assessed at level 2; 48 (31.0%) were assessed at level 3, none were assessed at level 4. In addition, 29 pairs of interacting drugs had no evidence of clinical relevance. Conclusions: More than 99% of clinically relevant drug interactions are pharmacokinetics and are associated with changes in metabolism and transport of drugs. Simeprevir and 3D (Paritaprevir/Ritonavir+ Ombitasvir+Dasabuvir) therapy had the greatest number of interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interações medicamentosas (IM) exacerbam o risco de eventos adversos graves relacionados ao uso de benzodi­azepínicos. Este estudo objetivou conhecer aspectos relacionados à utilização de flumazenil em pacientes hospitalizados. Através do método observacional, foram analisados prescrições e prontuários de 31 pacientes internados entre junho/2008 e junho/2010 quanto à indicação do flumazenil, aos fatores que podem ter contribuído para intoxicação por benzodiazepínicos e à frequência de IM potenciais (IMP). A frequência de indicação para reversão de sedação excessiva foi aproximadamente 1,3 prescrições por 1.000 pacientes. Foram identificadas IMP em 84% dessas prescrições. Para sete casos, não houve pre­scrição prévia de benzodiazepínicos. O exame permitiu a identificação dos eventos com necessidade do manejo da sedação excessiva relacionados à ocorrência de IMP entre benzodiazepínicos e outros medicamentos para um elevado percentual de pacientes. Observou-se que idade elevada, quadro clínico com muitas comorbidades e administração de medicamentos com interações bem definidas estiveram associados à hipersedação. ABSTRACT Drug interactions (DIs) heighten the risk of severe adverse events connected with use of benzodiazepines. This observational study aimed to ascertain aspects of use of flumazenil in hospital inpatients. The prescriptions and medical records of 31 patients admitted between June 2008 and June 2010 were examined for indication of flumazenil, factors that could have contributed to benzodiazepine intoxication, and potential drug interaction (PDI) frequency. In 1.3 prescriptions per 1,000 patients the indication was for reversal of excessive sedation. PDIs were observed in 84% of these prescriptions. In 7 cases there was no prior prescription of benzodiazepines. The examination identified events requiring management of excessive sedation associated with occurrence of PDI between benzodiazepines and other drugs in a high percentage of patients. It was observed that more advanced age, clinical condition with many comorbidities, and administration of drugs with well-defined interactions were observed to associate with over-sedation. RESUMEN Interacciones medicamentosas (IM) incrementan el riesgo de efectos adversos graves. Este estudio observacional investigó los aspectos relacionados con el uso de flumazenil en los pacientes hospitalizados. Se analizaron las prescripciones y prontuarios de 31 pacientes ingresados entre junio/2008 y junio/2010. La frecuencia de la indicación de reversión de la sedación excesiva fue de 1,3 prescripciones por 1.000 pacientes. Se identificaron IMP en 84% de estas prescripciones. En siete casos no hubo prescripción previa de benzodiazepínicos. Este estudio permitió la identificación de la sedación excesiva asociada con la aparición de IMP entre los benzodiazepínicos y otras drogas para un alto porcentaje de pacientes. Se ha observado que la edad avanzada, cuadro clínico con muchas comorbilidades y administración de fármacos con interacciones bien definidas se asociaron con excesiva sedación. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12957/reuerj.2014.6075

Introduction: Drug-drug interactions occur more frequently in intensive care units than in other services. However, in Colombia, there are few studies on this problem in critically ill patients. Objectives: To characterize potential drug-drug interactions generated from prescriptions during hospitalization in an intensive care unit and to determine factors associated with their onset. Materials and methods: A retrospective cohort was assembled with patients hospitalized in an intensive care unit for a seven-month period. The daily prescription was assessed for potential drugdrug interactions using the Lexicomp® program. We calculated the incidence of interactions, classified them by type, severity, and level of documentation, and evaluated the factors associated with their onset using logistic regression. Results: The proportion of patients with at least one interaction was 84% while 87% had more than one interaction; the median was six interactions per patient. The most frequent was fentanyl and midazolam (23%). Moderate interactions were the most frequent by severity (77.6%) and by documentation (52.6%). The most common index and precipitating drugs were midazolam (12%) and fentanyl (10.6%), respectively. Age (OR=3.1) and the number of drugs (OR=11.8) were associated with the occurrence of interactions.Conclusions: Given their high frequency and potential negative impact, the systematic monitoring of prescriptions in intensive care units to detect interactions is important. Such monitoring contributes to the rational use of medicines and to improve the quality of care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of CES Medicina is the property of Universidad CES and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Digoxin is one of the most used drugs in cardiovascular diseases, frequent in the geriatric patient, characterized by its narrow therapeutic margin. Objectives: To characterize the prescription of digoxin and identify problems related to its prescription in geriatric patients. Method: A descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out on the use of drugs, indication-prescription type, in 23 patients with digoxin indication, treated at the Policlínico José Martí in Santiago de Cuba, from April to June 2017. Results: In the case study, women (78.26%), ages between 70-74 years (26.08%), and patients with one or two associated diseases were more likely to use it. Diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases by Comprehensive General Medicine was preva lent, associated with a greater frequency of diuretics and antiplatelet drugs intervention group. The group with the lowest probability of survival was that of late treatment. Conclusions: The prescription of digoxin may be considered as rational, although there is a possibility of drug interactions that could lead to toxic effects or therapeutic failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objetivo: Identificar interacciones medicamentosas de los anticonvulsivantes de primera línea con antipsicóticos y/o antidepresivos y su impacto en el paciente con epilepsia en el Hospital de San José, Bogotá, que asistieron a la consulta externa desde el 1 de junio del 2015 hasta el 30 de abril del 2016. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo para identificar las interacciones medicamentosas en pacientes con epilepsia. Se incluyó a 26 pacientes ≥ 18 años con los criterios de la International League Against Epilepsy en terapia con antiepilépticos de primera línea asociados a medicamentos antipsicóticos y/o antidepresivos; se excluyó a embarazadas y aquellos con alteración hepática y renal. El análisis descriptivo se realizó por medio de frecuencias absolutas y relativas para las variables cualitativas, y para las cuantitativas medianas y rangos intercuartílicos. Resultados: La mediana de edad fue 49 años (RIC: 33-57), 14 (53,8%) eran mujeres. Antecedentes relevantes: hipoxia perinatal y traumatismo craneoencefálico en 5 (19,2%). La monoterapia anticonvulsivante más frecuente fue carbamazepina en 8 casos (30,8%). Dos que recibían carbamazepina presentaron leucopenia. Ninguno tuvo elevación de enzimas hepáticas. Los niveles séricos de los anticonvulsivantes en la mayoría se hallaron dentro del rango terapéutico. Discusión y conclusiones: Se describieron múltiples combinaciones de anticonvulsivantes con antipsicóticos y/o antidepresivos sin documentar toxicidad hepática, ni alteraciones hematológicas graves que indiquen cambio de terapia; la mayoría de los niveles séricos de anticonvulsivantes estaban dentro del rango terapéutico.

Objetivo: establecer y evaluarla relevancia clínica de interacciones medicamentosas en el tratamiento de pacientes con hepatitis C genotipo 1. Método: se realizó una búsqueda en PubMed/MedLine de artículos publicados en inglés y en español, desde el diciembre de 2004 a diciembre de 2014, utilizando los términos Mesh: Hepatitis C AND drug interactions OR herb-drug interactions OR food-drug interactions, de estudios realizados en humanos. Además, la búsqueda se complementó con la revisión, en el mismo período, sobre interacciones de antiretrovirales y hepatitis C en humanos, utilizando los términos Mesh: (Anti-retroviral agents AND Hepatitis C AND drug interactions OR herb-drug interactions OR food-drug interactions). La relevancia clínica de las interacciones medicamentosas se definió y evaluó con base a la probabilidad de ocurrencia y la gravedad de la interacción. Resultados: se identificaron 228 artículos, de los que se pudo acceder al texto completo en 212. De estos, 62 aportaban interacciones, lo que permitió identificar 128 parejas de IM, de las cuales 120 (93,7%) fueron farmacocinéticas y 8 (6,3%) farmacodinámicas. Por su parte, de estas 128 parejas, 2 (1,6%) fueron valoradas de nivel 1: 110 (53,7%) de nivel 2; 16 (7,8%) de nivel 3; y 0 (0%) de nivel 4. Además, se identificaron 78 parejas agrupadas como interacciones con evidencia de ausencia de relevancia clínica. Conclusiones: más del 90% de las interacciones medicamentosas de relevancia clínica son farmacocinéticas asociadas a cambios del metabolismo hepático, el telaprevir fue el medicamento con mayor número de interacciones.

Objetivo: Establecer la relevancia clínica de las interacciones medicamentosas reportadas entre antiinflamatorios no esteroideos (AINE) y antihipertensivos basándose en la gravedad y la probabilidad de ocurrencia de la interacción. Diseño: Revisión sistemática. Fuentes de datos: Se realizó una búsqueda en PubMed/Medline utilizando los términos Mesh: NSAIDs, Antihypertensive drugs y Drug interactions. Extracción de datos: Se incluyeron publicaciones entre 2002 y 2012 de estudios en humanos, en español e inglés y con acceso a texto completo. Fueron incluidos los artículos que la búsqueda arrojó y algunas de las referencias usadas en dichos trabajos. Fueron excluidos los trabajos con métodos in vitro, con efectos sobre la hipertensión ocular y aquellos que no consideraran la interacción AINE-antihipertensivos. Para la selección de los trabajos incluidos participaron 3 revisores independientes. Se usó una herramienta especialmente diseñada para la extracción de datos y análisis de la relevancia clínica de la interacción. Resultados: Se incluyeron 19 artículos de los 50 encontrados. Allí se identificaron 21 interacciones de mecanismo farmacodinámico, clasificadas por su relevancia clínica en nivel 2 (riesgo alto; 76,2%) y nivel 3 (riesgo medio; 23,8%). Adicionalmente se encontró evidencia de 16 combinaciones que no presentaron interacción. Conclusiones: Algunos AINE pueden disminuir la efectividad del tratamiento antihipertensivo cuando se utilizan simultáneamente con antihipertensivos, en especial con inhibidores de la enzima conversora de angiotensina, diuréticos, bloqueadores beta y antagonistas de los receptores de angiotensina. No se encontró evidencia de la modificación del efecto de los antagonistas de los canales de calcio, especialmente dihidropiridínicos, por el uso simultáneo con AINE.

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic demyelinating disease of the central nervous system and long-term disabling. Different disease-modifying treatments are available. These patients, despite being generally young, have high comorbidity and risk of polymedication due to their complex symptomatology and disability., Objective Primary: To determine the type of disease-modifying treatment in patients seen in Spanish hospital pharmacy departments., Secondary Objectives: to determine concomitant treatments, determine the prevalence of polypharmacy, identify the prevalence of interactions and analyze pharmacotherapeutic complexity., Method: Observational, cross-sectional, multicentre study. All patients with a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis and active disease-modifying treatment who were seen in outpatient clinics or day hospitals during the second week of February 2021 were included. Modifying treatment, comorbidities and concomitant treatments were collected to determine multimorbidity pattern, polypharmacy, pharmacotherapeutic complexity (Medication Regimen Complexity Index) and drug-drug interactions., Results: 1407 patients from 57 centres in 15 autonomous communities were included. The most frequent form of disease presentation was the relapsing remitting form (89.3%). The most prescribed disease-modifying treatment was dimethyl fumarate (19.1%), followed by teriflunomide (14.0%). Of the parenteral disease-modifying treatments, the two most prescribed were glatiramer acetate and natalizumab with 11.1% and 10.8%. 24.7% of the patients had 1 comorbidity and 39.8% had at least 2 comorbidities. 13.3% belonged to at least one of the defined patterns of multimorbidity and 16.5% belonged to 2 or more patterns. The concomitant treatments prescribed were psychotropic drugs (35.5%); antiepileptic drugs (13.9%) and antihypertensive drugs and drugs for cardiovascular pathologies (12.4%). The presence of polypharmacy was 32.7% and extreme polypharmacy 8.1%. The prevalence of interactions was 14.8%. Median pharmacotherapeutic complexity was 8.0 (IQR: 3.3-15.0)., Conclusions: We have described the disease-modifying treatment of patients with multiple sclerosis seen in Spanish pharmacy services and characterized concomitant treatments, the prevalence of polypharmacy, interactions, and their complexity., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest None., (Copyright © 2023 Sociedad Española de Farmacia Hospitalaria (S.E.F.H). Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic demyelinating disease of the central nervous system and long-term disabling. Different disease-modifying treatments are available. These patients, despite being generally young, have high comorbidity and risk of polymedication due to their complex symptomatology and disability., Objective Primary: To determine the type of disease-modifying treatment in patients seen in Spanish hospital pharmacy departments., Secondary Objectives: To determine concomitant treatments, determine the prevalence of polypharmacy, identify the prevalence of interactions and analyse pharmacotherapeutic complexity., Method: Observational, cross-sectional, multicentre study. All patients with a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis and active disease-modifying treatment who were seen in outpatient clinics or day hospitals during the second week of February 2021 were included. Modifying treatment, comorbidities and concomitant treatments were collected to determine multimorbidity pattern, polypharmacy, pharmacotherapeutic complexity (Medication Regimen Complexity Index) and drug-drug interactions., Results: 1,407 patients from 57 centres in 15 autonomous communities were included. The most frequent form of disease presentation was the relapsing remitting form (89.3%). The most prescribed disease-modifying treatment was dimethyl fumarate (19.1%), followed by teriflunomide (14.0%). Of the parenteral disease-modifying treatments, the two most prescribed were glatiramer acetate and natalizumab with 11.1% and 10.8%. 24.7% of the patients had one comorbidity and 39.8% had at least 2 comorbidities. 13.3% belonged to at least one of the defined patterns of multimorbidity and 16.5% belonged to 2 or more patterns. The concomitant treatments prescribed were psychotropic drugs (35.5%); antiepileptic drugs (13.9%) and antihypertensive drugs and drugs for cardiovascular pathologies (12.4%). The presence of polypharmacy was 32.7% and extreme polypharmacy 8.1%. The prevalence of interactions was 14.8%. Median pharmacotherapeutic complexity was 8.0 (IQR: 3.3 -- 15.0)., Conclusions: We have described the disease-modifying treatment of patients with multiple sclerosis seen in Spanish pharmacy services and characterised concomitant treatments, the prevalence of polypharmacy, interactions, and their complexity., (Copyright © 2023 Sociedad Española de Farmacia Hospitalaria (S.E.F.H). Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura realizada em bases de dados online, no período entre 2003-2009, com o objetivo de identificar as evidências disponíveis sobre os principais eventos adversos relacionados a medicamentos na clientela pediátrica e propor estratégias para a redução dos mesmos. Evidenciou-se a inadequação da apresentação dos fármacos direcionada ao atendimento das necessidades terapêuticas específicas das crianças. Entende-se que a tomada de decisão do enfermeiro sobre o aprazamento seguro, o preparo e a administração de fármacos, deve estar baseada em avaliação criteriosa e individualiza de cada cliente. Assim, é necessário que o profissional esteja embasado cientificamente, para implementar intervenções eficazes que sejam capazes de reduzir e, até mesmo, evitar os eventos adversos oriundos da uni ou polifarmácia.

Introduction: The high pharmacotherapeutic complexity, drug interactions and lack of adherence to concomitant medication are circumstances with negative consequences in the clinical evolution of patients with HIV infection. The 3-HIT phenomenon refers to the simultaneous occurrence of these situations. The objective of the study is to determine the prevalence of the phenomenon 3-HIT in the polymedicated HIV population as well as to determine factors related to its occurrence., Methods: Observational, retrospective and single-center study that included all elderly patients on active antiretroviral treatment in pharmacotherapeutic follow-up between January and March 2020. A logistic regression model was carried out to evaluate the factors associated with the occurrence of the 3-HIT concept with the variables significantly associated with this phenomenon and those considered clinically relevant., Results: 428 patients were included, registering a prevalence of polypharmacy in 25.9% of the study sample. The 3-HIT phenomenon was detected in 6.3% of the patients. For each concomitant drug prescribed the risk of developing the phenomenon 3-HIT increases 1.5 times., Conclusion: Prevalence of the phenomenon 3-HIT is high in HIV patients with polymedication. A change in the pharmaceutical care model to a multidimensional setting is essential, together with pharmacotherapeutic optimization strategies to improve patient health outcomes., (Copyright © 2022 Sociedad Española de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Objective: Our objective was to establish and evaluate the clinical relevance of drug interactions in the treatment of patients with hepatitis C genotype 1. Method: We searched for articles published in English and Spanish from December 2004 to December 2014 in PubMed/MedLine. We used the following Medical Subject Headings (MESH): Hepatitis C and drug interactions OR herb-drug interactions OR food-drug interactions studies performed in humans. We conducted an additional complementary search for articles published in the same period about interactions of anti-retroviral and hepatitis C in humans using the following MESH: (Anti-retroviral agents AND Hepatitis C and drug interactions OR herb-drug interactions OR food-drug interactions). The clinical relevance of drug interactions was defined and evaluated based on the probability of occurrence and severity of interaction. Results: We identified 228 articles. Of these, it was possible to read the full text of 212. Of these, 62 contributed interactions which allowed us to identify 128 pairs of drug interactions, of which 120 (93.7%) were pharmacokinetic and 8 (6.3%) pharmacodynamic. Of these 128 pairs, two (1.6%) were rated Level 1: 110 (53.7%) were Level 2, 16 (7.8%) were Level 3, and 0 (0%) were Level 4. In addition, 78 pairs were identified that were grouped as interactions with evidence of absence of clinical significance. Conclusions: More than 90% of clinically relevant drug interactions are pharmacokinetic interactions associated with hepatic metabolism. Telaprevir has the greatest number of interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Pharmacy Practice (1886-3655) is the property of Centro de Investigaciones y Publicaciones Farmaceuticas S.L. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pharmacy Practice (1886-3655) is the property of Centro de Investigaciones y Publicaciones Farmaceuticas S.L. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

With the advent of new, safer, and better tolerated antiepileptics, the use of anti-seizure drugs in the treatment of psychiatric disorders has experienced remarkable growth in the last decade. Since the introduction of vigabatrin, in 1992, the arsenal of available anticonvulsants has increased rapidly at a rate of practically one drug every one or two years. The fast arrival to the market of such a huge number of drugs makes it difficult for the psychiatrist to keep up-to-date, especially when taking into account that the use of new anticonvulsants to treat different psychiatric disorders is based, to a great extent, on clinical experience rather than on clinical trials and thus, no standardised posologies or guidelines for their use are available. Nevertheless, psychiatrists need to know the peculiarities of each of these drugs and their routine management, as well as in special situations like pregnancy or renal or hepatic insufficiency. This article gives some recommendations about practical issues regarding the management of these drugs, most of which are necessarily based on experience gained from epileptic patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Policosanol is a cholesterol-lowering drug well tolerated in different populations, including those with high consumption of concomitant drugs, and the frequency of adverse events (AE) has been very low, suggesting a low risk of adverse drug interactions. Benzodiazepines (BZPs) are widely consumed to manage anxiety and sleep disorders in the elderly. Drug to drug interactions (DDI) with BZP are frequent since they are metabolised mainly through the cytochrome P450 (CYP 450) hepatic system, subsystem CYP3A4, which oxidises many drugs, representing a risk for potentially serious AE. Despite policosanol is not metabolized through CYP 450 system, it can be frequently consumed with BZP, and there are increasing reports of DDI with BZPs. Then, we researched whether policosanol administered together with BZP induced AE different from placebo based on the records of all older patients taking BZP (118 receiving placebo + BZPs, 121 policosanol + BZPs) included in a long-term prevention study. Analysis was by intention-to-treat. Both groups were well matched at baseline. After 1 year, policosanol reduced (p < 0.0001) low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) (21.3 %), total cholesterol (TC) (15.8 %) and triglycerides (TG) (p < 0.01) (21.2 %), and raised high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) (10.2 %), effects persisted during the trial. At study completion, policosanol lowered (p < 0.000 1) LDL-C (31.0 %), TC (21.6 %), TG (23.0 %) and raised HDL-C (17.8 %). There were 43 (18.0 %) withdrawals (27 placebo, 16 policosanol), 17 (10 placebo, 7 policosanol) due to AE. Treatment did not impair safety indicators, policosanol reduced diastolic and systolic pressure, individual values being normal. The rate of AE was similar in both groups. Then, policosanol showed a persistent efficacy and was well tolerated in older patients taking BZP, not increasing AE or impairing safety indicators. Then, policosanol can be indicated in older hypercholesterolemic patients taking BZP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pharmacy Practice (1886-3655) is the property of Centro de Investigaciones y Publicaciones Farmaceuticas S.L. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)