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In applications reliant on image processing, the management of lighting holds significance for both precise object detection and efficient energy utilization. Conventionally, lighting control involves manual switching, timed activation or automated adjustment based on illuminance sensor readings. This research introduces an embedded system employing image processing methodologies for intelligent ambient lighting, focusing specifically on reference-color-based illumination for object detection and positioning within robotic handling scenarios. Evaluating the system's efficacy entails analyzing the illuminance levels and power consumption through a tailored experimental setup. To minimize illuminance, the LED-based lighting system, controlled via pulse-width modulation (PWM), is calibrated using predetermined red, green, blue and yellow (RGBY) reference objects, obviating the need for external sensors. Experimental findings underscore the significance of color choice in detection accuracy, highlighting yellow as the optimal color requiring minimal illumination. Successful object detection based on color is demonstrated at an illuminance level of approximately 50 lx, accompanied by energy savings contingent upon ambient lighting conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The demand for personalized lighting environments based on households is steadily increasing among users. This article proposes a novel intelligent control system for personalized lighting in home environments, aiming to automatically capture user information, such as homecoming time and light switching behavior, in order to train a model that intelligently regulates the lights for users. Facial recognition technology is employed by this system to identify users and record their lighting data. Subsequently, nine commonly used machine learning models were evaluated, revealing that the error back-propagation neural network algorithm exhibits excellent performance in time-series analysis. The BPNN weights were optimized using genetic algorithms, resulting in an improved coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.99 for turn-on time and 0.82 for turn-off time test sets. Furthermore, testing was conducted on data collection duration which demonstrated that even with only 20 time-series data collected from new users, the model still displayed exceptional performance in training prediction tasks. Overall, this system effectively identifies users and automatically adjusts the lighting environment according to their preferences, providing comfortable and convenient lighting conditions tailored to individual needs. Consequently, a broader goal of energy conservation and environmental sustainability can be achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The smart street-lighting system (SSLS) is a leading candidate in the smart city. By the time of the last 15 cycles, many meaningful improvements have been executed in the SSLS with the impact of the internet of things technologies and universal networking devices. Conventional smart street lighting systems are restricted to wireless sensor networks, mobile devices, and old lighting control systems. This article presents a comprehensive treatment of network designs, namely communication, control, and wireless sensor-based smart street lighting system by deploying based on their existing system architecture, and network topologies including leading with it a host of privileges. In addition, choosing the right lighting class, high-intensity discharge (HID) lights, and retrofitting lighting technologies have all been covered in detail. This paper's objective is to evaluate various control technologies that may support the many applications deployed on networked streetlights. Moreover, issues and recommendations, distinguished in this paper, will pave the route for future smart street lighting systems that promote a reliable and seamless driving experience and are energy-efficient for environmental sustainability. It is far anticipated that LoRa and Sigfox with additional gateways could be the best possible smart street lighting system options as these technologies are facilitated for long distances but with a limited data rate. It is way more suitable for lighting control compared to other protocols to control thousands of streetlights.

Artificial lighting is a constant companion in everyday private and working life, influencing visibility in interior spaces as well as outdoors. In recent years, new technical solutions have extended traditional lighting systems to become 'smart'. Different types of smart lighting systems are available on the market today, and researchers have concentrated on analysing their usability and efficiency, especially for private households, office buildings and public streets. This paper presents a systematic literature review to analyse the state-of-knowledge of technologies and applications for smart lighting systems. The results of the review show that smart lighting systems have been frequently discussed in the literature, but that their potentials in industrial environments, such as production and logistics, has rarely been addressed in the literature so far. Lighting systems for industrial environments often have very different requirements depending on the working environment and operating conditions. Based on the results of the literature review, this paper contributes to closing this research gap by discussing the usage potential of smart lighting systems to improve the efficiency of warehouse order picking, which is an application that may benefit from various functions smart lighting systems provide. Several propositions are developed that emphasise research opportunities and managerial implications in this context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of human society, people's requirements for lighting are also increasing. The amount of energy consumed by lighting systems in buildings is increasing, but most current lighting systems are inefficient and provide insufficient light comfort. Therefore, this paper proposes an intelligent lighting control system based on a distributed architecture, incorporating a dynamic shading system for adjusting the interior lighting environment. The system comprises two subsystems: lighting and shading. The shading subsystem utilizes fuzzy control logic to control lighting based on the room's temperature and illumination, thereby achieving rapid control with fewer calculations. The lighting subsystem employs a Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG) algorithm to optimize the luminaire dimming problem based on room illuminance in order to maximize user convenience while achieving uniform illumination. This paper also includes the construction of a prototype box on which the system is evaluated in two distinct circumstances. The results of the tests demonstrate that the system functions properly, has stability and real-time performance, and can adapt to complex and variable outdoor environments. The maximum relative error between actual and expected illuminance is less than 10%, and the average relative error is less than 5% when achieving uniform illuminance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cotton Textile Technology is the property of Cotton Textile Technology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In applications reliant on image processing, the management of lighting holds significance for both precise object detection and efficient energy utilization. Conventionally, lighting control involves manual switching, timed activation or automated adjustment based on illuminance sensor readings. This research introduces an embedded system employing image processing methodologies for intelligent ambient lighting, focusing specifically on reference-color-based illumination for object detection and positioning within robotic handling scenarios. Evaluating the system’s efficacy entails analyzing the illuminance levels and power consumption through a tailored experimental setup. To minimize illuminance, the LED-based lighting system, controlled via pulse-width modulation (PWM), is calibrated using predetermined red, green, blue and yellow (RGBY) reference objects, obviating the need for external sensors. Experimental findings underscore the significance of color choice in detection accuracy, highlighting yellow as the optimal color requiring minimal illumination. Successful object detection based on color is demonstrated at an illuminance level of approximately 50 lx, accompanied by energy savings contingent upon ambient lighting conditions.

[Introduction] With the rapid expansion of the city, underground municipal engineering construction has been widely used. Underground municipal engineering has special requirements such as complex construction technology, wide space volume and installation limitation of process equipment. [Method] According to the above characteristics, combining with the relevant specification requirements and engineering examples, this paper expounded the current underground municipal engineering design of power supply and distribution system and automatic control design. [Result] The design ideas in load grade determination, energy saving optimization design, intelligent control, energy consumption management and other aspects are put forward, and some ideas and suggestions in energy saving, new energy are also put forward. [Conclusion] The main points of electrical design of underground municipal engineering are discussed and summarized, which can provide some reference for similar design.

Despite the various technical solutions for making lighting 'smart,' today's lighting systems are often kept simple, and they are frequently not adjusted to user behaviours. This is especially the case for production and logistics facilities such as warehouses, where large areas have to be illuminated, and where lighting is often fully turned on while the warehouse operates. This paper presents a simulation model developed to evaluate the cost benefits potentially resulting from using smart lighting systems in warehouses. The simulation model allows for varying warehouse design and order picking process parameters. In addition, three different operating strategies for lighting systems representing different types of smart lighting technologies are implemented and compared to a conventional lighting system. A structured simulation study provides insights into how smart lighting systems interact with system design and process parameters, and how both collectively influence warehouse operating costs. The results of the simulation model and data obtained from a practical case indicate that smart lighting systems have great potential for reducing the energy consumption in warehouses relative to conventional lighting, and that, in addition to savings in cost, they can contribute to improving the environmental footprints of warehouses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Computer Measurement & Control is the property of Magazine Agency of Computer Measurement & Control and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

With the rapid development of human society, people’s requirements for lighting are also increasing. The amount of energy consumed by lighting systems in buildings is increasing, but most current lighting systems are inefficient and provide insufficient light comfort. Therefore, this paper proposes an intelligent lighting control system based on a distributed architecture, incorporating a dynamic shading system for adjusting the interior lighting environment. The system comprises two subsystems: lighting and shading. The shading subsystem utilizes fuzzy control logic to control lighting based on the room’s temperature and illumination, thereby achieving rapid control with fewer calculations. The lighting subsystem employs a Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG) algorithm to optimize the luminaire dimming problem based on room illuminance in order to maximize user convenience while achieving uniform illumination. This paper also includes the construction of a prototype box on which the system is evaluated in two distinct circumstances. The results of the tests demonstrate that the system functions properly, has stability and real-time performance, and can adapt to complex and variable outdoor environments. The maximum relative error between actual and expected illuminance is less than 10%, and the average relative error is less than 5% when achieving uniform illuminance.

In just a couple of years, the home environment has rapidly introduced network-enabled intelligent digital technology. A synergy of these technologies such as intelligent lighting, entertainment (audio and video), security, heating, ventilation and air conditioning in the home for the automation of control and monitoring activities within that home is typically known as Home Automation today. The Home global home automation market size was approximated to be about USD 45.8 billion in just 2017 and is projected to reach as high as USD 114 Billion at the tail of 2025 with a compound annual growth rate of 12.1% in this forecast period [1]. North America is projected to emerge as the leading region in the global landscape during the forecast period, but West African countries such as Nigeria, Ghana, Cameroon are generally seen to have a much lower adoption rate when it comes to emerging technologies like these. The low adoption rate is due in part to the high cost of implementing a home Automation solution coupled with the general economic state of these developing countries. The interest and investment of the tech industry within the countries also play a role in this context. This paper explores the design and implementation of a relatively less costly cloud-based home automation architecture built partly on open-source technology and widely available resources. The solution was realized using a raspberry pi as the field gateway and primary controller. Arduino Uno microcontroller were used as the secondary controller. The highly robust Microsoft Azure cloud was used, enabling the representation, testing, deploying, and managing applications and systems and services on the cloud and at the edge. In demonstrating the feasibility of the proposed system, three systems were integrated: intelligent lighting, basic access security and remote monitoring. These would be monitored and controlled by a simple mobile app whose communication with the field devices is made possible through the Microsoft Azure IoT solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lighting energy consumption occupies a large proportion in the building electricity consumption. It cannot only save energy, but also reduce the uneven and constant illumination of the working face, which makes full use of the natural lighting and combines with the intelligent lighting control. An office building in Zhengzhou of China has been selected as an example for analyzing the climatic factors that influence building daylighting and the factors of the building itself, the illuminance of working faces in different sky models and at different times has been simulated and calculated to analyze the illuminance variation law in the direction of room depth and parallel direction of side Windows. Partition and point combined constant illumination control strategy for the lamps in different areas has been put forward and realized by BP neural network algorithm. By controlling the dimming of artificial light source and adjusting the curtain opening degree intelligently, uniform and constant illumination has been achieved. Energy saving effect in combination with natural lighting has been evaluated to prove that the control strategy cannot only maintain constant illumination in every working face but also significantly reduce the electric energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a neural network-based control method for daylight harvesting in a proof-of-concept greenhouse consisting of emulated sunlight and dimmable light emitting diode light fixtures. The objective of this multi-input–multi-output lighting system is to deliver desired levels of light, within a specific spectrum range, to locations of interest in a grow tent. To this end, a learning neural network controller with online adaptive weights is presented which can achieve stability with small errors in the presence of disturbances and modeling uncertainties. A stability analysis of the closed-loop system is presented along with a selection method for obtaining the control parameters. The neural controller is enhanced with an antiwindup mechanism to account for the nonlinear effect of actuator saturation. Experimental results are presented to verify the proposed daylighting control strategy which confirm analytic and simulation studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Liquid Crystal & Displays is the property of Chinese Journal of Liquid Crystal & Displays and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Liquid Crystal & Displays is the property of Chinese Journal of Liquid Crystal & Displays and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Playing music is about conveying emotions and the lighting at a concert can help do that. However, without a dedicated light technician, many bands have to miss out on lighting that will help them to convey the emotions of what they play. In this paper we aim to develop an intelligent system that detects the intended emotions of the played music and in real-time adjusts the lighting accordingly. Through state-of-the-art research on music and emotion, a row of cues is defined. This includes amount, speed, fluency and regularity for the visual and level, tempo, articulation and timbre for the auditory. By assessing such cues, the system is able to detect the intended emotion. Specific lighting designs are then developed to support these specific emotions. The results suggest that the intelligent emotion-based lighting system has an advantage over a just beat synced lighting and it is concluded that there is reason to explore this idea further.

A kind of Subjective Imaging Effect Assessment (SIEA) method and its applications on intelligent imaging terminal design in engineering site are presented. First, some visual assessment indices are used to characterize the imaging effect: the image brightness, the image brightness uniformity, the color image contrast, the image edge blur, the image color difference, the image saturation, the image noise, and the integrated imaging effect index. A linear weighted function is employed to carry out the SIEA computation and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique is used to estimate its weights. Second, a SIEA software is developed. It can play images after the settings of assessment index or assessment reaction time, etc. Third, two cases are used to illustrate the application effects of proposed method: the image enhancement system design for surveillance camera and the imaging environment perception system design for intelligent lighting terminal. A Prior Sequential Stimulus (PSS) experiment is proposed to improve the evaluation stability of SIEA method. Many experiment results have shown the proposed method can realize a stable system design or parameters setting for the intelligent imaging terminal in engineering site. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Playing music is about conveying emotions and the lighting at a concert can help do that. However, without a dedicated light technician, many bands have to miss out on lighting that will help them to convey the emotions of what they play. In this paper we aim to develop an intelligent system that detects the intended emotions of the played music and in real-time adjusts the lighting accordingly. Through state-of-the-art research on music and emotion, a row of cues is defined. This includes amount, speed, fluency and regularity for the visual and level, tempo, articulation and timbre for the auditory. By assessing such cues, the system is able to detect the intended emotion. Specific lighting designs are then developed to support these specific emotions. The results suggest that the intelligent emotion-based lighting system has an advantage over a just beat synced lighting and it is concluded that there is reason to explore this idea further. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a kind of intelligent LED lighting system was designed, and intelligent processing and control technology were obtained based on STC89C52 MCU minimum system, which combining with the LED lighting technology, infrared sensing technology, photoelectric detection technology. The system can intelligently test the design of LED lighting system, realize the intensity of light control, infrared detection and the measurement of light intensity, reflecting the intelligence and humanity of LED lights, and further to achieve energy-saving green lighting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The push for ubiquitous networking and device inter-connectivity in buildings is fueling the development of a new wave of smart devices with embedded electronics, sensors and wireless connectivity that can collect, process and exchange data. Commonly known as the Internet of Things (IoT), it encompasses, but is not limited to wireless sensor networks, home automation, mobile devices and lighting control systems. Smart lighting systems are of particular interest as they evolve from traditional lighting control by introducing autonomous control of light through feedback from integrated sensors, user data, cloud services and user input, bringing with it a host of benefits including increased energy savings, enhanced functionality, and user-centric lighting. In this paper, we review the current state of the art in smart lighting technology, focusing on energy-saving, commercial, and advanced smart lighting systems. Furthermore, we also present a review of smart lighting connectivity options and discuss potential advancements through the integration of visible light communication technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It's important to provide diversity in energy resources and to use sustainable energy resources besides local resources. In the recent years, LEDs have been increasingly used in interior lighting systems because of their low energy consumption, high light-flux efficiency and their ability to maintain the light-flux value at a constant level for a long period of time. In this study, a LED luminaire was designed by using the Osram Coinstar W4 brand power LED module. An LED drive card, which is a specialty of the luminaire, was designed to provide ideal functioning conditions and serve as a power supply for the LEDs. A communication card was designed for all kinds of information exchange between the LED luminaires, motion detectors and light sensors used with the laboratory lighting system, and an RS485 communication line was installed to connect every system. Under the control of the luminaire, the lighting was tested by a fuzzy-expert system. With this project design and test, a system was developed that can be used in interior spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Distributed control system focuses on the data acquisition，centralized management and centralized control of the circuit through independent multi-subsystem. Receiver and transmitter of power line share the same communication channel when message is transferred by terminals， which will give rise to data disorder. An anti-collision PLC technology based on CSMA/CA mechanism was proposed to solve the shortcoming， by which the stability and reliability of the communication could be improved. After analyzing the principle of data collision， the calculation model of the time which was used to transmit message between terminals simultaneously was established. Monte Carlo method was presented to compute the expectation of delay time. The feasibility of this technique was verified in engineering experiments. Sensitivity analysis was made to verify the factors that affect the delay time. The results provide a theoretical and practical basis of the design of intelligent lighting system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]