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284,651 results on '"Insulin resistance"'

1. Investigating the Effect of a Multicomponent Exercise Program on Adropin, Endothelial Function, Insulin Resistance, and Sleep Quality in Overweight Older Adults (a Link With Physiological Indexes and Sleep Quality): Results of a Randomized Controlled Study

Author

Ghasemi, Elham and Cheraghbirjandi, Kazem

Subjects
ENDOTHELIUM physiology, REDUCING diets, THERAPEUTIC use of amino acids, EXERCISE physiology, STATISTICAL sampling, ENDOTHELIUM, RANDOMIZED controlled trials, PEPTIDES, INSULIN resistance, BLOOD sugar, DRUG efficacy, SLEEP, GROWTH factors, SLEEP quality, OXYGEN consumption, COMPARATIVE studies, BLOOD pressure, OBESITY, SLEEP disorders, EVALUATION, OLD age
Abstract

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of multicomponent training on adropin, endothelial function, insulin resistance, and sleep quality in overweight older adults. In this randomized controlled study, 40 overweight older adults were randomly divided into training and control groups. The multicomponent training program including aerobic, resistance, and balance exercise was followed for 8 weeks, 3 days a week. Study variables were measured 48 hr before and after the intervention. After 8 weeks of multicomponent training, adropin (p =.01), nitric oxide (p =.01), and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max; p =.002) increased, and glucose (p =.001), insulin (p =.001), insulin resistance (p =.01), systolic blood pressure (p =.01), and sleep disorders (p =.01) decreased significantly. Also, Pearson's test results showed a significant inverse relationship between adropin level (p =.01 and r = −.55) and glucose (p =.01 and r = −.51) with sleep disorders. It seems that multicomponent training increases adropin and improves insulin resistance, endothelial function, and sleep quality in older adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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2. Calorie restriction increases insulin sensitivity to promote beta cell homeostasis and longevity in mice

Author

dos Santos, Cristiane, Cambraia, Amanda, Shrestha, Shristi, Cutler, Melanie, Cottam, Matthew, Perkins, Guy, Lev-Ram, Varda, Roy, Birbickram, Acree, Christopher, Kim, Keun-Young, Deerinck, Thomas, Dean, Danielle, Cartailler, Jean Philippe, MacDonald, Patrick E, Hetzer, Martin, Ellisman, Mark, and Arrojo e Drigo, Rafael

Subjects
Medical Biochemistry and Metabolomics, Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Biological Sciences, Aging, Genetics, Diabetes, Nutrition, 1.1 Normal biological development and functioning, Metabolic and endocrine, Animals, Caloric Restriction, Insulin-Secreting Cells, Longevity, Homeostasis, Insulin Resistance, Mice, Male, Diet, High-Fat, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mitochondria, Cell Proliferation, Mitophagy, Insulin, Gene Regulatory Networks
Abstract

Caloric restriction (CR) can extend the organism life- and health-span by improving glucose homeostasis. How CR affects the structure-function of pancreatic beta cells remains unknown. We used single nucleus transcriptomics to show that CR increases the expression of genes for beta cell identity, protein processing, and organelle homeostasis. Gene regulatory network analysis reveal that CR activates transcription factors important for beta cell identity and homeostasis, while imaging metabolomics demonstrates that beta cells upon CR are more energetically competent. In fact, high-resolution microscopy show that CR reduces beta cell mitophagy to increase mitochondria mass and the potential for ATP generation. However, CR beta cells have impaired adaptive proliferation in response to high fat diet feeding. Finally, we show that long-term CR delays the onset of beta cell aging hallmarks and promotes cell longevity by reducing beta cell turnover. Therefore, CR could be a feasible approach to preserve compromised beta cell structure-function during aging and diabetes.

Published
2024

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