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The article illuminates how local government uses strategic planning in a context characterized as neo-liberalist-oriented housing market, to frame the broad varieties of planning and policy-instruments they possess to reach the goal of more inclusive housing markets. In line with other studies showing how European cities take passive, active, reactive and protective roles in their housing policies, our study of four Norwegian front-runner cities shows that their roles vary. Two of the cities, Tromsø and Oslo, have taken the most explicitly stated proactive role – by having a clear redistributional goal of 'affordable housing' and have established operational units in their organization (or by public-private companies) to implement it. All the cities have worked systematically with a more comprehensive housing policy, which have increased their ability to integrate their policy areas and use their different policy tools in a coordinated effort for more inclusive housing markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: Patient‐centered ideas have become the key indicator of medical service quality, and patient‐reported experience measures are ways to measure how well this idea is being implemented. There are currently numerous adult inpatient experience instruments available, and it is necessary to conduct such systematic reviews to discover any new instruments and help policymakers and researchers increase the likelihood of hearing true patients' voices through appropriate selection of these instruments. Objective: To identify existing adult inpatient experience measures and to critically appraise their development design and psychometric testing results. Methods: EMBASE, PUBMED, Cochrane, CINAHL (EBSCOhost), PsycINFO, and ProQuest were searched from inception to March 2023. A comprehensive review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines was conducted. Studies were identified via specific search terms and inclusion criteria. The methodological quality assessment was evaluated according to the COnsensus‐based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) checklist. Results: A total of 29 articles reporting on 23 instruments were included. Each instrument demonstrated both satisfaction and disappointment during the development process and psychometric testing with the recommended criteria of the COSMIN checklist. Pilot tests and cognitive interviews were ignored or not reported in 9 studies. Only 5 studies evaluated the content validity. Among all measurement properties, internal consistency and structural validity were the two most frequently measured attributes. None of the 29 included studies assessed the responsiveness or measurement error of the scales. Conclusion: Among a variety of adult inpatient experience instruments, only a limited number of studies were methodologically sound. Further research still needs to be conducted for the development and validation of patient‐reported experience measures. New quality assessments, such as instrument utility, also should be implemented to provide a more complete evaluation of instruments in the information era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mindfulness interventions yield significant benefits such as stress reduction, increased empathy and compassion, and enhanced self-efficacy among counselors. These outcomes are particularly valuable for helping professionals. This systematic review examines mindfulness interventions within mental health professional development programs, evaluating their effectiveness, assessing outcomes, and analyzing the mindfulness measures used. A comprehensive search across three databases identified 19 articles meeting the inclusion criteria. Findings demonstrate that diverse formats of mindfulness interventions effectively enhance mindfulness levels, reduce stress, foster self-compassion, and improve mental health outcomes among counselors and trainees. The review underscores the necessity for future studies to report practical significance to further substantiate the impact of mindfulness interventions in professional practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Recognizing and appropriately responding to ethical considerations is a crucial element of ethical nursing practice. To mitigate instances of ethical incongruity in healthcare and to promote nurses' comprehension of their professional ethical responsibilities, it is imperative for researchers to accurately evaluate ethical sensitivity. Conducting a systematic review of the available instruments would enable practitioners to determine the most suitable instrument for implementation in the field of nursing. Aim: This review aims to systematically assess the measurement properties of instruments used to measure ethical sensitivity in nursing. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in July 2022 in the following electronic databases: Scopus, CINAHL, APAPsycINFO, Embase, Web of Science, and PubMed. Two reviewers independently screened and assessed the studies in accordance with the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) checklist. The updated criteria for good measurement properties are used to rate the result of measurement properties, and the modified Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was used to grade the quality of the summarized evidence. Results: This review encompasses a total of 29 studies that describe 11 different instruments. Neither cross-cultural validity nor responsiveness was examined in any of the included studies. Whereas the majority of the instruments were conducted with at least some type of validity assessment, nearly all of the reliability results rated were indeterminate. Two instruments were recommended, the Ethical Sensitivity Questionnaire for Nursing Students (ESQ-NS) and the Ethical Awareness Scale for nurses in intensive care units. It is recommended that new self-administration instruments for special nursing settings be developed in accordance with the item response theory (IRT)/Rasch model. Conclusion: The selection of ethical sensitivity measurement instruments in nursing, and further research on the development, psychometric, and cross-cultural adaptation of these instruments, could be conducted in accordance with the findings and suggestions of this systematic review. Strengths and limitations: • This review was conducted to assess 11 instruments that were used to measure ethical sensitivity in nursing in 29 studies. • The Ethical Sensitivity Questionnaire for Nursing Students (ESQ-NS) and the Ethical Awareness Scale for nurses in intensive care units can be recommended, but further reliability and cross-cultural validity testing are needed. • The IRT/Rasch model is also recommended to measure ethical sensitivity in nursing. • The potential limitation of utilizing the COSMIN checklist for assessing methodological quality is worth considering. • Test–retest was considered inappropriate; thus, the reliability testing of ethical sensitivity measurement instruments still needs to be explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Aims Design Methods Results Conclusions Relevance to Clinical Practice Impact No Patient or Public Contribution This study identifies instruments for assessing the burden on family caregivers of cancer patients and evaluates their psychometric properties using COSMIN criteria.A systematic review based on COSMIN methodology.The review adhered to PRISMA guidelines. Relevant studies were identified through searches in PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, and China Science and Technology Journal Database, covering literature from inception to September 2024. Included studies focused on developing or validating measurement tools and assessing psychometric properties such as reliability, internal consistency and construct validity. Two independent researchers screened the literature, extracted data and evaluated psychometric properties using COSMIN criteria while assessing evidence quality via the GRADE method.A total of 32 studies were included, encompassing 17 tools for assessing caregiver burden. None reported measurement error, cross‐cultural validity or responsiveness. The Caregiver's Burden Scale in End‐of‐Life Care (CBS‐EOLC) demonstrated strong reliability, validity and internal consistency, receiving a strong recommendation for clinical practice. In contrast, the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI), Family Caregiver Burden Interview Scale (FBIS) and Bakas Caregiving Outcomes Scale (BCOS) are not recommended due to insufficient supporting evidence. Other tools showed weak evidence, leading to weak recommendations.The CBS‐EOLC exhibits comprehensive psychometric properties suitable for clinical applications. The ZBI, FBIS and BCOS lack adequate supporting evidence and are not recommended. Future research should focus on measurement error, cross‐cultural validity and responsiveness to enhance these tools' applicability and reliability.This review provides evidence for healthcare providers to select instruments for assessing caregiver burden in cancer patients.This systematic review highlights the need for comprehensive assessments of caregiver burden based on COSMIN guidelines.This study is a systematic review with no patient or public participation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dissociative symptoms are both a pathological consequence of exposure to psychological trauma as well as a side effect of N -methyl- d -aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist medications; therefore, accurate and valid assessment of these symptoms is important. The psychometric properties of the 23-item Clinician Administered Dissociative States Scale (CADSS) have been characterized in the ketamine and esketamine literatures. Here, we examine its performance in a sample with and without posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and a history of exposure to psychological trauma. Participants with a history of psychological trauma with (N = 148) and without (N = 100) the diagnosis of PTSD and healthy participants without a psychiatric disorder or history of trauma (N = 28) were assessed with the 23-item CADSS and other psychometric and neuropsychological assessments. Analyses were performed to examine internal consistency, convergent and discriminant validity, factor structure, differential performance in populations reported to be more or less likely to report dissociative symptoms (e.g., patients with and without PTSD), and sensitivity to change resulting from exposure to trauma-related sights and sounds. The 23-item CADSS was found to have high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha 0.91) and a single-factor structure. CADSS total scores in trauma-exposed participants with PTSD were higher than those in trauma-exposed participants without PTSD and non-traumatized non-PTSD participants. Finally, veterans with Iraq combat-related PTSD showed a significant increase in CADSS total score after exposure to combat-related slides and sounds. The 23-item CADSS, already validated as a tool to measure dissociation related to administration of NMDA receptor antagonist medication, performs in a reliable and valid manner in the assessment of dissociation in psychologically traumatized participants. • The 23-item Clinician Administered Dissociative States Scale (CADSS) was found to be psychometrically sound in a psychological trauma population including participants with and without posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and a history of psychological trauma • CADSS scores were higher in PTSD participants than in those without PTSD • The study results support the fact that dissociation is a unitary construct • The study does not support the idea that subtypes of dissociation (amnesia, depersonalization, derealization, identity fragmentation) are constructs distinct from one another • The CADSS was found to be useful as a change measure, showing an increase in dissociation in veterans with PTSD following exposure to combat-related slides and sounds [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As our environmental problems continue to mount, we need a committed, diverse community of citizens and scientists across disciplines and sectors who have the skills and passion to develop creative and novel solutions to our most challenging environmental problems. Previous literature in environmental identity and science identity suggests that encouraging identity development in each of these areas during education programs could help grow both the number and diversity of environmentally-minded scientists and citizens. However, despite the importance and theoretical overlap of these two areas of identity research, very little data has been collected simultaneously on these constructs. Our scoping review describes the limited number of studies that empirically examine both environmental and science identities, exploring key thematic areas of overlap related to diversity, methods, educational programming, and identity theory. Based on a combination of these studies and other key literature in environmental and science identity research, we propose a mixed-method instrument that could be used to measure the development and presentation of environmental/science identity, so that we can better understand the relationship between the two constructs at the individual and collective levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Recognizing and appropriately responding to ethical considerations is a crucial element of ethical nursing practice. To mitigate instances of ethical incongruity in healthcare and to promote nurses’ comprehension of their professional ethical responsibilities, it is imperative for researchers to accurately evaluate ethical sensitivity. Conducting a systematic review of the available instruments would enable practitioners to determine the most suitable instrument for implementation in the field of nursing. Aim This review aims to systematically assess the measurement properties of instruments used to measure ethical sensitivity in nursing. Methods A systematic literature search was conducted in July 2022 in the following electronic databases: Scopus, CINAHL, APAPsycINFO, Embase, Web of Science, and PubMed. Two reviewers independently screened and assessed the studies in accordance with the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) checklist. The updated criteria for good measurement properties are used to rate the result of measurement properties, and the modified Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was used to grade the quality of the summarized evidence. Results This review encompasses a total of 29 studies that describe 11 different instruments. Neither cross-cultural validity nor responsiveness was examined in any of the included studies. Whereas the majority of the instruments were conducted with at least some type of validity assessment, nearly all of the reliability results rated were indeterminate. Two instruments were recommended, the Ethical Sensitivity Questionnaire for Nursing Students (ESQ-NS) and the Ethical Awareness Scale for nurses in intensive care units. It is recommended that new self-administration instruments for special nursing settings be developed in accordance with the item response theory (IRT)/Rasch model. Conclusion The selection of ethical sensitivity measurement instruments in nursing, and further research on the development, psychometric, and cross-cultural adaptation of these instruments, could be conducted in accordance with the findings and suggestions of this systematic review. Strengths and limitations • This review was conducted to assess 11 instruments that were used to measure ethical sensitivity in nursing in 29 studies. • The Ethical Sensitivity Questionnaire for Nursing Students (ESQ-NS) and the Ethical Awareness Scale for nurses in intensive care units can be recommended, but further reliability and cross-cultural validity testing are needed. • The IRT/Rasch model is also recommended to measure ethical sensitivity in nursing. • The potential limitation of utilizing the COSMIN checklist for assessing methodological quality is worth considering. • Test–retest was considered inappropriate; thus, the reliability testing of ethical sensitivity measurement instruments still needs to be explored.

Abstract Background Post intensive care syndrome (PICS) is a new emerging condition affecting more than 80% of the population discharged from Intensive care unit (ICU). It affects the individual with a myriad of symptoms degrading the individual’s quality of life (QoL). Most critical method to prevent this is early diagnosis through a reliable measure taking into account the multidimensional nature of PICS. Thus, this study aims to find out is there a need of a comprehensive assessment scale for PICS covering all the domains. Methods Data was searched on databases incorporating PubMed, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar and EBSCO, Psyc INFO, Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, Medline, CINAHL. 18,756 articles were retrieved. It was narrowed down to 20 articles which were finally reviewed. The review summarizing all the reasons why a comprehensive outcome measure is needed for PICS including all the aspects of the syndrome. Furthermore, the review delineates the potential advantages that a novel assessment tool could provide, enriching our comprehension and handling of the intricate ramifications of PICS. Results The review highlights several key findings that underscore the necessity of a thorough outcome measure for assessing PICS: (i) the multifaceted nature of symptoms; (ii) challenges related to underdiagnosis and misdiagnosis; (iii) inconsistencies in assessment measures; (iv) insufficient attention to social aspects; (v) confounding factors related to comorbidities; (vi) the diverse array of assessment measures presently employed. All this is currently contributing to a confusing assessment of PICS leading to increased population affected with multitude of symptoms experienced after ICU discharge. Conclusion The existing assessment instruments for PICS exhibit wide variability in complexity, difficult comparison and evidence integration, thereby complicating therapeutic decisions. The lack of a universally accepted measurement standard increases the challenge of diagnosing and preventing PICS. Additionally, some tools may inaccurately represent PICS characteristics, leading to inconsistent reporting. Thus, there is an urgent demand for a comprehensive, multidimensional tool to provide a valid diagnosis.

This study examines the Romania's state aid policy after the country joined the European Union (EU) in 2007. With its membership, Romania's economic and regulatory environment underwent a dramatic change, bringing its policies into compliance with EU norms and laws. This research examines several types of state aid that Romania has put in place, such as grants, tax incentives, and guarantees, with the goals of promoting economic expansion, improving competitiveness, and reducing regional disparities. The study presents the government's response to the recognised market failures and the alignment with European trends through an extensive examination of official reports and statistical data. The results demonstrate that Romania's application of EU state aid regulations was in line with the EU framework and that the goals that many of the EU member states consider most significant are followed in the distribution of public support. The Romanian state aid policy recognises market failures (agriculture, energy savings and environmental protection, regional development) and attempts to direct public efforts to close the gaps, even though the total aid granted is not impressive when compared to developed economies and the aid's share of GDP is at a moderate level. In order to provide a comprehensive understanding of Romania's place in the European context, an overview analysis of member states state aid disbursments from 2007 to 2022 is provided. The paper inserts some policy recommendations to optimize state aid distribution and effectiveness, emphasizing the need for robust monitoring mechanisms, greater transparency, and alignment with broader EU objectives. This analysis provides valuable insights for policymakers, researchers, and stakeholders interested in the dynamics of state aid in Romania’s post-EU accession period.

Medical and health personnel have the potential to play an important role in triage START in the event of a disaster. However, it is important to have an instrument in evaluating the level of knowledge and attitudes of medical and health dragons regarding the START triage. This instrument is essential for the development of a comprehensive and efficient START triage education program for medical and health personnel. Therefore, this study aims to assess the accuracy and consistency of knowledge and attitude instruments in conducting START triage for medical and health personnel. A cross-sectional study involving 100 respondents. This instrument is created through a literature review. The instrument totaled 10 items of statements on knowledge and 10 items of statements on attitudes categorized into 6 groups: 1) disasters; 2) START triage; 3) START triage principle; 4) START triage indicator; 5) START triage implementation procedure. The results of this study showed 100 participants, the majority of whom were female with an average age of 36 years. All participants are medical and health personnel. The instruments used in the study were validated through content validity (Pearson Product Moment) and biserial correlation. Utilizing internal consistency reliability, the study found satisfactory inter-item reliability for all knowledge items (0.70 – 0.73) and attitude items (0.86 – 0.90). Conclusion: these findings suggest that knowledge and attitudes in performing the START triage are important for medical and health personnel

Background: Post intensive care syndrome (PICS) is a new emerging condition affecting more than 80% of the population discharged from Intensive care unit (ICU). It affects the individual with a myriad of symptoms degrading the individual's quality of life (QoL). Most critical method to prevent this is early diagnosis through a reliable measure taking into account the multidimensional nature of PICS. Thus, this study aims to find out is there a need of a comprehensive assessment scale for PICS covering all the domains. Methods: Data was searched on databases incorporating PubMed, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar and EBSCO, Psyc INFO, Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, Medline, CINAHL. 18,756 articles were retrieved. It was narrowed down to 20 articles which were finally reviewed. The review summarizing all the reasons why a comprehensive outcome measure is needed for PICS including all the aspects of the syndrome. Furthermore, the review delineates the potential advantages that a novel assessment tool could provide, enriching our comprehension and handling of the intricate ramifications of PICS. Results: The review highlights several key findings that underscore the necessity of a thorough outcome measure for assessing PICS: (i) the multifaceted nature of symptoms; (ii) challenges related to underdiagnosis and misdiagnosis; (iii) inconsistencies in assessment measures; (iv) insufficient attention to social aspects; (v) confounding factors related to comorbidities; (vi) the diverse array of assessment measures presently employed. All this is currently contributing to a confusing assessment of PICS leading to increased population affected with multitude of symptoms experienced after ICU discharge. Conclusion: The existing assessment instruments for PICS exhibit wide variability in complexity, difficult comparison and evidence integration, thereby complicating therapeutic decisions. The lack of a universally accepted measurement standard increases the challenge of diagnosing and preventing PICS. Additionally, some tools may inaccurately represent PICS characteristics, leading to inconsistent reporting. Thus, there is an urgent demand for a comprehensive, multidimensional tool to provide a valid diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the overlooked history and significance of physical relief models in the development of geographical knowledge and education. By examining their use in academic, educational and public settings, it argues for a broader appreciation of these models as integral to the discipline's material culture. Historical debates around their function and purpose are highlighted amidst developments in modelling techniques, materials, and instructional guides. A deeper investigation into the models, their creators, and their influence on geographical learning and public engagement is advocated for and illustrated through the production and impact of the 1951 book The Earth's Crust. • Relief models are crucial components of geography's material culture. • School geography employed models and modelling exercises to advance pedagogy. • Popular books used relief models as visual aids to attract public interest in geography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This systematic review aimed to identify and compare instruments measuring nurses' organizational well-being, summarise the dimensions measured by these instruments, the statistical analysis performed for validity evidence and identify an instrument that comprehensively investigates nurses' organizational well-being. The JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis and the PRISMA checklist were used as guidelines. The search was conducted on Medline, CINAHL, Cochrane Library and Scopus. Critical appraisal and data extraction were drawn on the COSMIN checklist. Dimensions were conceptually synthesized by the measurement concepts' similarity. Twenty-two articles were retrieved and they included 21 instruments that measured nurses' organizational well-being. The instruments vary by dimension number (range 2–19), items (range 12–118) and concept elicitation. A plurality of methodologies has been used in instrument development and assessments of evidence for validity. Only four instruments reported a concurrent criterion validity or a measurement comparison with an already tested-for-validity instrument. Similar dimensions were leadership and support, relationships and communication, work-family balance, work demands, violence, control and autonomy, satisfaction and motivation, work environment and resources, careers, and organizational policy. This review underlines the core areas of the instruments that measure nursing organizational well-being. It allows administrators and researchers to choose the appropriate instruments for monitoring this multidimensional concept. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim was to explore the literature for instruments that assess school well-being, identifying their design features and construct appropriateness. A systematic review was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020, and the PICO strategy to formulate the research questions. Fifty-two articles on instruments to assess pupils' school wellbeing were analysed using an interpretive approach. The results showed that school well-being is a topic of global interest, with China standing out, with non-uniform growth since 2007, being most notable in 2018 and 2019. Longitudinal and qualitative studies have appeared more frequently in recent years. The presence of multidimensional instruments stood out, with no consensus on the identification of the items to be assessed from a holistic perspective. This study paves the way for the design of a questionnaire that operationalise school well-being, considering not only the literature, but also the direct perceptions of pupils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The article aims to answer the question of which of the economic policy instruments may have the greatest impact on the acceptance of renewable energy sources by the business sector in Poland. Design/methodology/approach: The research process used a tool in the form of a method (CAWI), which was used to verify the role of selected economic policy instruments in the process of the announced energy transformation. The research area focused on assessing the possibility of changes in the acceptance of renewable energy sources by the business sector in selecting economic policy instruments. Economic and non-economic instruments were analyzed. Conclusions: The authors conclude that the management of the process of acceptance of renewable energy sources by the business sector should be implemented using appropriately selected economic policy instruments and go hand in hand with changes taking place in the economic environment. Research limitations/implications: The presented survey research was conducted on a specific research sample of approximately 250 respondents-entrepreneurs in a selected voivodeship, which is a national leader in the development of renewable energy sources. It is necessary to conduct much broader analyses and research, in particular covering regions of Poland where the share of energy obtained from renewable sources is negligible. Practical implications: The research results are the first approach to indicate to government administration entities which economic policy tools have the greatest impact on managing the process of acceptance of renewable sources by the business sector in Poland. Practical implications: The research results are the first approach to indicate to government administration entities which economic policy tools have the greatest impact on managing the process of acceptance of renewable sources by the business sector in Poland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monasteries were famous for their extensive libraries and richly decorated churches. Less well known are their observatories and their mathematical‐physical collections with telescopes, air pumps, and friction machines. But how did the way of life in the monastery and scientific practices influence each other? This paper examines the interaction of scientific practices and religious way of life using the example of southern German monasteries in the second half of the eighteenth century. It shows how the monks pragmatically linked monastic life and research practice, thereby forming their own specific scientific culture. This closes an important gap in the understanding of scholarship in the eighteenth century by foregrounding the monasteries as places of knowledge production, which have so far received little attention alongside universities and academies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Top management needs to ensure that the company’s operations run well and without interruption, but on the other hand, achieving the company’s vision is a priority for top management, so that for operational matters, it is handed over to sub-management, for example, one of them is the responsibility of the information system security. Ideally, the company has a function to secure information systems, then the company can focus on the security. Top management will periodically receive reports on information system security. This ideal situation is difficult for some companies to implement, generally, these companies focus on operations, security issues are not yet a top priority, if information system security disturbances occur, for example, password theft by hackers, then they realize that information system security is very important. This research aims to design a security model and convert it to an instrument to determine the level of information system security. Top management is not only given a security report but also knows the level of security of the information system used. Whether the level is very secure, secure, relatively secure, unsecure, or totally not secure. The results of this study are normative measuring model and instrument. The company can regularly evaluate its information security condition by using this instrument and then taking action to anticipate the result. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dynamics of Earth's magnetopause, driven by several different external/internal physical processes, plays a major role in the geospace energy budget. Given magnetopause motion couples across many space plasma regions, numerous forms of observations may provide valuable information in understanding these dynamics and their impacts. In-situ multi-point spacecraft measurements measure the local plasma environment, dynamics and processes; with upcoming swarms providing the possibility of improved spatiotemporal reconstruction of dynamical phenomena, and multi-mission conjunctions advancing understanding of the "mesoscale" coupling across the geospace "system of systems." Soft X-ray imaging of the magnetopause should enable boundary motion to be directly remote sensed for the first time. Indirect remote sensing capabilities might be enabled through the field-aligned currents associated with disturbances to the magnetopause; by harnessing data from satellite mega-constellations in low-Earth orbit, and taking advantage of upgraded auroral imaging and ionospheric radar technology. Finally, increased numbers of closely-spaced ground magnetometers in both hemispheres may help discriminate between high-latitude processes in what has previously been a "zone of confusion." Bringing together these multiple modes of observations for studying magnetopause dynamics is crucial. These may also be aided by advanced data processing techniques, such as physics-based inversions and machine learning methods, along with comparisons to increasingly sophisticated geospace assimilative models and simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims Design Methods Results Conclusions Implications for the Profession and/or Patient Care Impact Patient Contribution To describe and compare generic and disease‐specific self‐care measures in patients with multiple chronic conditions (MCCs) in the three dimensions of self‐care maintenance, monitoring, and management.Multicentre cross‐sectional study.Patients aged 65 and over with MCCs. We used Self‐Care of Chronic Illness Inventory to measure generic self‐care, Self‐care of Diabetes Inventory to measure self‐care in diabetes mellitus, Self‐Care of Heart Failure (HF) Index to measure self‐care in HF, and Self‐Care of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Inventory to measure self‐care in chronic lung diseases.We recruited 896 patients. Multimorbid patients with diabetes had lower scores on the self‐care maintenance scale, and diabetic patients in insulin treatment on the generic management scale than on the disease‐specific instrument. Multimorbid patients with HF or chronic lung diseases scored higher on generic self‐care maintenance and monitoring scales than disease‐specific ones. There was a partial consistency between the generic and disease‐specific self‐care maintenance and management. Inadequate behaviours were recorded in disease‐specific self‐care monitoring rather than generic ones.Older patients affected by MCCs scored differently in the generic and disease‐specific instruments, showing inadequate self‐care in some of the three self‐care dimensions.The choice between generic and disease‐specific instruments to use in clinical practice and research should be made considering the specific aims, settings, patients characteristics, and knowledge of the different performance of the instruments by users.No study has described and compared generic and specific self‐care measures in patients affected by MCCs. Knowing these differences can help nurses choose the most suitable measure for their aims, context, and patients and plan generic and disease‐specific self‐care educational interventions for those behaviours in which MCCs patients perform poorly.Patients were informed about the study, provided informed consent, and answered questionnaires through interviews. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work constitutes the second part of the one carried out in 2021, whose objective was the analysis of the main problems, derived from unplanned urban expansion, that increase the degrees of socio-environmental vulnerability in popular sectors. For this, a matrix was developed considering three dimensions: environmental, spatial-functional, and social. From this matrix, some popular neighborhoods in the city of La Plata were selected, which required more immediate interventions. Within this framework, the objective of this article is to analyze and evaluate the interventions and management instruments carried out in the selected cases, which contributed to promoting comprehensive territorial management. The methodology is based on making the initial analysis matrix more complex, incorporating actions that constitute an alternative to reduce the vulnerability situation of the popular neighborhoods of La Plata. The first results reflect that some of the aforementioned sectors studied have had initiatives to reduce the situation of vulnerability in which they find themselves. However, the general situation in relation to the intervention for improvements in the habitat of the popular sectors, is far from being a comprehensive territorial management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The openness of scientific facilities and instruments is a part of open science, which can help improve the efficiency of resource utilization and promote more research outputs. Policies is a key driving force for the openness, but studies to analyze such policies are still lackluster. This study conducted a text analysis of 23 central government policies and 65 local government policies in the time-tool framework, and found two types of authority tools: mandatory openness and duplicate review, as well as various incentive tools to give positive and negative payment. It reveals that provincial governments follow and tighten the screws of authority tools from the central government, and meanwhile, carry out policy innovation in incentive tools. Based on the investigation of practice in the openness of scientific facilities and instruments, this study proposes four policy suggestions: paying more attention to the utilization rate and outputs, improving the institutional design of duplicate review at different levels, linking research funding to open sharing, and promoting talent development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unaccompanied foreign minors (UFMs) face stigmatisation and social exclusion in Spanish territory. Given their growing presence in schools, it is crucial that trainee teachers have valid and real information about these students in order to provide equitable, personalised, and quality education to all their students in the near future and to mitigate any uninformed prejudices and stigma developed before they enter the classroom. This study seeks to validate a scale designed to assess the perceptions of pre-service teachers about UFMs (n = 169). The objective of this study was to validate a scale designed to assess the perceptions of pre-service teachers about UFMs (n = 169). All participants were studying primary education at the University of Granada (Spain) [♂ = 131 (77.5%); ♀ = 37 (21.9%)]. Methodology: A quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional, ex post facto, and quantitative study was conducted. The data were analyzed with IBM SPSS® 28.0 and IBM Amos Graphics® 23.0 programs. Results: A multidimensional scale was developed with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.858 and McDonald's omega of 0.859, consisting of a total of 26 indicators divided into three factors: socio-educational characteristic (n = 13), social threat (n = 7), and physical and emotional well-being (n = 6). The general scale showed high reliability and acceptable fit (p < 0.001; KMO = 0.880; GFI = 0.832; IFI = 0.925; NFI = 0.816; CFI = 0.924; SMSR = 0.058). CFA reports that the items with the highest factor loadings are related to determining whether these minors respect cultural differences, are involved in drug trafficking, and arrive in Spanish territory with significant malnutrition. However, the items with the lowest factor loadings are linked to understanding the type of academic education these minors have, whether they consume alcohol, or if they require teachers with intercultural competencies to help them integrate socially. Conclusions: A reliable and robust scale was developed to assess the perceptions of pre-service primary school teachers about unaccompanied foreign minors. This instrument can be used to identify the knowledge of teachers in training, which allows training actions to be implemented in the context of higher education to raise awareness, detect biases, and make this vulnerable group visible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Governments around the world have instrumentalised the idea of cities as innovation hubs in the drive for economic competitiveness and governance of anticipated futures. Producers of global indicators have identified cities as key actors in the global competition for talent – a race for human capital taking place against rapid technological changes, and political and social disruptions. In this article, we examine the rise of global cities as innovation hubs and its role in tackling global challenges. Using qualitative content analysis and conceptual analysis of strategies from rival cities in Europe (Amsterdam vs Copenhagen) and Asia (Singapore vs Hong Kong), we unpack how future cities are articulated and constructed in the nexus of migration and knowledge policy. We find that global indicators are actively used to produce more 'robust futures' that shape policymaking and strategies of cities while delimiting alternatives and potential 'creative future visions' in addressing global challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to develop an instrument to assess students' perceptions of their roles and educators' roles throughout e-learning sessions. The research employed a descriptive survey approach, with data collected in two phases: Phase I - Design and Construction and Phase II - Instrument Validation. The data were obtained from analyzing relevant literature based on theories and models. Additionally, feedback from 5 experts was gathered for face validity. The pilot test involved 35 University Kebangsaan Malaysia undergraduate students. The Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient for the Role of Educator (ROE) was found to be .784; for the Role of Student (ROS), it was calculated as .781. The developed instrument consisted of 2 dimensions: ROS and ROE, each comprising seven sub-dimensions and a total of 22 items based on Al-Ghazali's educational approach. The study's findings demonstrated that the instrument exhibited high validity and reliability, making it suitable for the actual study. In conclusion, the instrument could transform teaching and learning processes, promote student engagement and achievement, and foster a culture of continuous improvement in education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of resilience has significantly developed in the social sciences since the nineties. These advances have driven the generation of measurement instruments for this construct. Given the importance of this concept as an objective of sustainable development, the present study aimed at identifying the existing scales or questionnaires adapted to different sociocultural contexts to measure resilience and, hopefully, guide interventions. We conducted a systematic review in three databases, identifying 82 articles that analyzed or used assessment instruments for resilience in Spanish-speaking adults. The study found 15 instruments and compared their factors, age of application, reliability, and available adaptations. The results show that the instruments with the most significant applicability in different contexts, countries, and ages are the CD-RISC in both versions (abbreviated and extended) and the Wagnild and Young Resilience Scale in their different versions. The study's conclusions highlight the need to use and develop instruments that measure the reality of Latin American contexts and their scarcity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To perform a systematic search of instruments for the early identification of risk of sexual exploitation in children (CSE) and appraise their metric properties. Searches were conducted in four electronic databases to identify instruments that only evaluated child sexual exploitation with no restrictions of date or language. Two reviewers independently carried out the initial selection of titles and abstracts, appraisal of the methodological quality, compliance with the entry criteria in the analysis, and extraction of data necessary to systematize the information available. Twenty-three articles were found that used 15 CSE detection instruments. The instruments varied with regard to number of questions, ease of administration, sources of information, rating methods, and the training information provided. What they had in common is that most were designed and used in the English-speaking world, basically in the United States, with few instruments providing solid proof of their validity and reliability in the scores derived thereof. Although instruments were obtained with significant similarities in their conceptualization, differences in multiple characteristics made it difficult to draw clear conclusions regarding their greater or lesser suitability. What did become clear was the need to keep working on obtaining rigorous empirical psychometric evidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims This study aims to (i) test the validity and reliability of the Care Dependency Scale (CDS) for patients with heart failure (HF) and (ii) test the validity and reliability of the proxy version of the CDS assessing informal caregivers' perception of the dependency level of individuals with HF. Methods and results Secondary data analysis was conducted of transnational multicentre cross-sectional design study. A convenience sample comprised of HF patients–informal caregivers' dyads in three European countries. The CDS was administered to patients and the proxy version to informal caregivers. Factorial validity was tested for each scale using confirmatory factor analysis. Reliability was evaluated with the composite coefficient and Cronbach's alpha. Construct validity was tested via known group differences. Measurement error was tested to assess responsiveness to changes. A total of 229 patients and 208 caregivers were recruited. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the two-factor structure (Physical Care Dependency and Psychosocial Care Dependency) of the CDS in both HF patients and their caregiver. Reliability estimates were adequate for all reliability coefficients. Construct validity was supported. The measurement error was adequate. Conclusion The scale shows acceptable validity and reliability and can be useful for care dependency assessment of patients with HF and their informal caregivers. Further research is needed for assessing the validity and reliability in other cross-cultural settings. The use of the CDS has the potential to effectively enable the development of pertinent care plans, taking dependency into consideration including the perspective of both members of the dyad as a whole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the Romania's state aid policy after the country joined the European Union (EU) in 2007. With its membership, Romania's economic and regulatory environment underwent a dramatic change, bringing its policies into compliance with EU norms and laws. This research examines several types of state aid that Romania has put in place, such as grants, tax incentives, and guarantees, with the goals of promoting economic expansion, improving competitiveness, and reducing regional disparities. The study presents the government's response to the recognised market failures and the alignment with European trends through an extensive examination of official reports and statistical data. The results demonstrate that Romania's application of EU state aid regulations was in line with the EU framework and that the goals that many of the EU member states consider most significant are followed in the distribution of public support. The Romanian state aid policy recognises market failures (agriculture, energy savings and environmental protection, regional development) and attempts to direct public efforts to close the gaps, even though the total aid granted is not impressive when compared to developed economies and the aid's share of GDP is at a moderate level. In order to provide a comprehensive understanding of Romania's place in the European context, an overview analysis of member states state aid disbursments from 2007 to 2022 is provided. The paper inserts some policy recommendations to optimize state aid distribution and effectiveness, emphasizing the need for robust monitoring mechanisms, greater transparency, and alignment with broader EU objectives. This analysis provides valuable insights for policymakers, researchers, and stakeholders interested in the dynamics of state aid in Romania’s post-EU accession period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to explore the regulatory and Sharī'ah frameworks that govern Islamic banking, focusing on their historical evolution, key regulatory bodies, instruments, and the challenges encountered in ensuring compliance and integrity within the industry. Islamic banking operates under distinct principles that require a specialized governance framework. This framework is critical for ensuring adherence to Shariahah guidelines and maintaining the integrity of financial practices within Islamic financial institutions. Understanding this framework is essential for developing effective governance mechanisms and regulatory compliance. The research employs a comprehensive literature review and qualitative analysis of regulatory documents and historical records related to Islamic banking. Interviews with key stakeholders from regulatory bodies, Islamic banks, and Sharī'ah advisory councils were conducted to gather insights into the operational challenges and compliance practices. The findings highlight the complex interplay between historical context and current regulatory practices. The study reveals that the State Bank of Pakistan (SBP) plays a pivotal role in overseeing compliance, alongside various bank-specific bodies that ensure adherence to Sharī'ah principles. Challenges identified include the need for harmonization of guidelines across different jurisdictions and enhancing the capacity of regulatory bodies to effectively monitor compliance. To address these challenges, the study recommends the establishment of a unified regulatory framework across jurisdictions to enhance consistency. Furthermore, increasing training and capacity-building initiatives for regulatory bodies and Islamic banks is crucial. Finally, fostering collaboration between regulatory authorities and Sharī'ah advisory councils will promote better compliance and strengthen the governance framework of Islamic banking institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Assigning lifelike qualities to robotic agents (Anthropomorphism) is associated with complex affective interpretations of their behavior. These anthropomorphized perceptions are traditionally elicited through robots’ designs. Yet, aerial robots (or drones) present a special case due to their – traditionally – non-anthropomorphic design, and prior research shows conflicting evidence on their perception as either person-like, animal-like, or machine-like. In this article, we explore how people perceive drones in a cross-dimensional space between these three dimensions by varying the affective state presented on the drone. To capture these perceptions, we developed a novel measurement instrument AnZoMa. We describe the design, use, and deployment of the instrument in an online study ($N$ N =98). The study results suggest that different drone emotions triggered people to attribute various characteristics to the drone (e.g., interaction metaphors, traits, and features) and variations in acceptability of drone affective states. These results demonstrate the interdependencies between affective perceptions and anthropomorphism of drones. We conclude by discussing the necessity to integrate cross-dimensional perception of anthropomorphism in human-drone interaction and affective computing. This work contributes a novel tool to measure the dimensions and gravity of anthropomorphism and insights into interdependencies between different affective states displayed on drones and their anthropomorphized perception. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fight or flight phenomena is of evolutionary origin and responsible for the type of defensive behaviours enacted, when in the face of threat. This review attempts to draw the link between fear and aggression as motivational levers for fight or flight defensive behaviours. Furthermore, this review investigates whether human biological motion is modulated by the affective behaviours associated with the fight or flight phenomenon. It examines how threat informed emotion and motor systems have the potential to result in the modulation of empathetic appraisal. This is of interest to this systematic review, as empathetic modulation is crucial to prosocial drive, which has the potential to alleviate the perceived threat. Hence, this review investigates the role of affective computing in capturing the potential outcome of threat perception and associated empathetic responses. To gain a comprehensive understanding of the affective responses and biological motion evoked from threat scenarios, affective computing methods used to capture these neurophysiological and behavioural responses are discussed. A systematic review using Google Scholar and Web of Science was conducted as of 2023, and findings were supplemented by bibliographies of key articles. A total of 26 studies were analysed from initial web searches to explore the topics of empathy, threat perception, fight or flight, fear, aggression, and human motion. Relationships between affective behaviours (fear, aggression) and corresponding motor defensive behaviours (fight or flight) were examined within threat scenarios, and whether existing affective computing methods are effective in capturing these responses, identifying the varying consensus in the literature, challenges, and limitations of existing research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The spatial development of territories in Ukraine, in particular in the context of the introduction of decentralization principles into the public administration system, is characterized by the identification of an additional wide range of internal and external factors and problems of functioning in various spheres of society, as well as the actuation of issues regarding the need to find and implement more effective instruments that can solve them. Domestic experience in overcoming various kinds of territorial problems is limited and insufficient, therefore, the study of the best foreign theories and practices in this regard, including the use of instruments for the implementation of project activities, as well as the analysis of opportunities for their implementation, remains relevant. In the context of the spatial development of territories, project activities can be considered as a purposeful system of actions organized by any public governance entities or established in the process of their interaction with each other, aimed both at solving a specific territorial problem and at stimulating the development of various spheres of community life, involving a wide range of mechanisms and instruments for managing spatial development based on planning, financing and implementation of a specific project in order to achieve the final result. The article provides an analysis of the global and European experiences in the use of an instrumentarium for the implementation of project activities in public management of spatial development of territories; approaches are generalized and features of the use of projects depending on the priorities of spatial development, individual characteristics and the presence of territorial problems within each country are determined; the possibilities and relevance of using positive examples of the implementation of multidirectional project activities in the process of managing the spatial development of territories in Ukraine, which is expedient in the period of their post-war recovery, are considered. Acquaintance with the global and European experiences of formation by individual countries, in accordance with national characteristics and the chosen model of development, of priority goals, objectives, mechanisms and instruments of territorial management will allow using positive achievements and, on the basis of the formed strategic directions, introducing effective instruments, in particular for the implementation of project activities, support and stimulation of the development of their own territories, taking into account the characteristics inherent in Ukraine.