Search

Purpose: This paper aims to critically analyse the circular economy (CE) models adopted in hospitality and tourism to tackle societal challenges in the current Anthropocene era, exploring the driving values and sustainability approaches. Design/methodology/approach: A systematic literature review was carried out with an increasing level of analysis to delve more in-depth into the ability of the CE models to respond to current societal challenges. The review involved a stepwise analysis, starting with a thematic analysis of 151 papers to create a conceptual structure map of circular hospitality and tourism literature. Based on originality and representativeness, 22 papers were selected and analysed according to Hoffman and Jennings' (2018; 2021) institutional approach to sustainability, which entails specific archetypes to address the Anthropocene society: market rules, technology fix and cultural re-enlightening. Findings: The hospitality and tourism industry has made progress towards implementing CE models. However, CE models in market role and technology fix archetypes may fail to address the current challenges of the Anthropocene era. New culture-led approaches within the cultural re-enlightening archetype, such as the regenerative land practices, a-growth and place-making, and circular society, can foster a more radical shift towards strong sustainability. Research limitations/implications: The paper highlights the urgent need for a cultural shift towards radical and strong sustainability, identifying future research directions. Policymakers have a crucial role in shaping sustainability practices consistent with an ecological culture centred on acknowledging planetary boundaries. Originality/value: Despite the increasing interest in CE models, it is still debated how the hospitality and tourism industry can continue to thrive while avoiding harmful impacts on the environment and local communities. The study critically reflects on the current contribution of CE models towards strong sustainability in hospitality and tourism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the entry of humanity into the stage of digital development, all social institutions are undergoing profound changes. Journalism as an institution that arose as a result of information technology development in the XVI–XVII centuries, as a result of the digital revolution, is losing its dominant role in the new media space. The main core of the media system’s existence, its institutional nature, is undergoing significant changes in the context of increasing technological convergence and the development of the economic phenomenon of platform capitalism. The appeal to the problem is actualized by the need for updates in substantiating the ontological and functional characteristics of the institutionality of journalism in the context of rapid digitalization of the social environment. The purpose of the article is to study journalism as a transforming social institution in a competitive institutional environment. The methodology of the article is based on a dialectical approach in understanding the current state of the Institute of journalism, considering the existing contradictions and collisions as a moment in progressive development. One of the methods of analysis chosen is the direction of institutionalism, which is relevant to the sphere of functioning of social institutions – institutional logic. The system-structural and system-functional methods are used as an analysis tool. The results of the study indicate the identified ontological and functional changes in the state of the Institute of journalism. It is established that the loss of the status of a monopoly entity by journalism is caused not only by the impact of exogenous factors: a technological explosion, the emergence of new institutional and non-institutional subjects but also endogenous ones: structural changes, as well as a crisis of normative and value foundations. The novelty of the article is revealed in the understanding of journalism as a convergent ontological model, which forms the basis of its changing institutional status at the digital stage of its development.

The purpose of the study is to substantiate a system of indicators for monitoring and evaluating the transformation processes of the chemical industry. At the same time, an institutional approach developed by the authors is used to assess transformation based on grouping companies according to the criteria of maximum contribution to revenue growth and net investment, as well as by types of business behavior models. Transformation indicators are focused on achieving the goals of economic growth and technological sovereignty of the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is necessary to take into account the spatial aspect when studying national innovation systems, due to differences in the level of economic development, type of production, scientific potential, infrastructure, demography, culture, natural conditions and resources of the regions. This is reflected in the concept of regional innovation systems (RIS), which link innovation and territorial development. However, despite many publications, a unified interpretation of RIS and generally accepted provisions have not been formed. There are various classifications of approaches to studying RIS. The analysis of scientific literature allows us to identify the main approaches to research: institutional and functional. In the first, RIS is considered as a set of institutions and institutional environment. In the second, each element of the system is assumed to have its own functional meaning. Within both approaches, researchers have proposed many definitions of the concept of “regional innovation system”. In development of the functional approach, the author's model of RIS was proposed. Purpose. Analysis and systematization of approaches to the definition of the regional innovation system and the identification of its structure. Methodology in article general methods of scientific knowledge, analysis of scientific works presented in the RSCI database, dissertation research on the topic of regional innovation systems, official data from open sources were used. Results. The approaches to the analysis of regional innovation systems are systematized, the author's position on the systematization of approaches is substantiated. The definitions for the concept of “regional innovation system” are systematized, and the author’s definition of RIS is proposed. Based on the functional approach, the author's RIS model is proposed. The model consists of determining, activity and infrastructure blocks. Scope of the findings. The results obtained can be used by regional executive authorities when developing innovation policy at the regional level and by researchers in the field of regional development as a basis for further research.

Copyright of Journal of Psychology & Sociology is the property of Al-Farabi Kazakh National University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article describes the discursive evolution of digital journalism in Italy since 2008 by drawing on a database consisting of extracts taken from 227 semi-structured interviews with Italian journalists over 15 years (from 2008 to 2021). The study identifies three fundamental phases in the development of Italian digital journalism: the birth of the first online newsrooms; the spread of social media; and the data/platform turn. The article applies a new institutionalism discursive approach to investigate the impact of macro-level forces on micro-level journalists' accounts. For this purpose, it considers excerpts from interviews in which journalists talk about change and professional jurisdiction. The following three main results emerge. 1. Political parallelism and resistance to technology have ceased to be the most prevalent features of Italian journalism; 2. In the first two periods identified, the clash of discourses is more oriented to identifying practices that may be identified as 'journalism' (e.g. the newcomer is a journalist who does the job differently). (C) Much of what is regarded as an uncertainty has been incorporated over time and no longer appears to be a threat, but awareness of the power of online platforms is growing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several Chinese companies have emerged as global competitors in the non-traditional automotive industry and have become attractive partners for foreign firms in high-technology development. To identify the motives behind such strategic partnerships in the new energy vehicle industry, we combine dynamic capabilities with institutional factors of both national and emerging regional levels generated by the Belt and Road Initiative. Case studies of BYD, SinoHytec, Hino, and Toyota's joint ventures reveal that besides pursuing complementary technology, firms are being pushed into NEV production by government policies targeting carbon neutrality while strategic alliances with Chinese companies may yield facilitated access to BRI projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses various approaches used for labor market research, analyzes their advantages and disadvantages, which makes it possible to substantiate the institutional approach as the most relevant for studying the improvement of the regional labor market for specialists in modern conditions of technological transformation based on digitalization. The result of the study is presented, which is the development of an organizational and managerial mechanism in the form of a comprehensive system of management stages, including certain organizational and economic activities implemented at all levels of management of the regional labor market of specialists as a specific category of workers.

Organizations that are created based on the basic needs of society and with a strong and adaptable value system are called institutions. Government organizations are institutional in many ways because they meet the needs and demands of the society; Therefore, it is necessary to develop planning for government organizations with an institutional approach. In this research, the government organizations of Sarovabad city were selected as the subject of study and the type of strategic planning. This research in terms of practical purpose and in terms of descriptive-analytical nature; And to collect research data, field and documentary methods were used, all factors were collected through semi-structured interviews with 15 experts. Then, using the SWOT model and QSPM tool, the situation of Sarovabad city was examined and the strategies considered were prioritized. The results showed that the number of 108 extraction agents; Of these, 25 factors were for strengths, 54 factors were for weaknesses, 12 factors were for opportunities, and 17 factors were for threats. Also, among the four types of strategies (competitive, conservative, aggressive and competitive), defensive strategy was the most appropriate. and among the defensive strategies in order of importance of the strategy; The use of scientific methods and modern technology, the consensus of organizational managers for integrated organizational management and inter-organizational coordination, and the training of behavioral courses for employees were the most important strategies. This research will open the way for managers of city-level organizations to improve their performance to serve the people.

Institutional integration is known as the seed of participatory and Social capital enhancer in metropolitan areas, which along with social trust and institutional rules can bring a fruitful product of institutional participation and good management. But the main issue is to recognize the internal and external capacities of institutions in promoting synergies. In this regard, the present study with the aim of measuring the capacity of institutional synergy in the management of Tehran metropolitan area, has investigated and analyzed the capabilities of intra-institutional and inter-institutional synergy. Due to the nature of the subject, this research is applied research that has been done with survey methods. The required data were collected using a questionnaire and analysis by T-test, one-way analysis of variance and F-test. The results show that the capacity of intra-institutional and inter-institutional synergy in the metropolitan area of Tehran is higher among public and private institutions than governmental and public institutions. Therefore, focusing on more capacities of private and public institutions in order to exploit them and reform the existing power structure in the metropolitan area of Tehran with emphasis on more capacity building in governmental and public institutions becomes more important. Development of positive institutional capacities, decentralization of power of key urban stakeholders in favor of institutions with greater capacity, design of dialogue and integrated program between institutions and institutionalization of Tehran metropolitan area can solve many of the problems of metropolitan areas due to segregation and institutional conflicts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this article is to identify possible problem-subject interfaces that encapsulate the legal perspective in the discipline of socio-economic geography and spatial management. With a view to the article's objective being achieved, an indication of the general relations pertaining between the geographical sciences and the legal sciences is given, prior to an identification and presentation of key theoretical currents making it easier to clarify the role of the legal dimension in socio-economic geography and the spatial economy. A particular emphasis is here placed on the institutional approach and legal geography. There is then an identification of the most relevant topics in which there is a relationship between the legal dimension and socio-economic geography and the spatial economy. In practice, the two groups of issues identified were those in which the legal dimension is already recognised (albeit with the direction needing to be developed), or else those in which the legal dimension either goes unrecognised, or is only recognised marginally. Within each group, key issues are pointed out, and the most thematically relevant areas of law assigned to them. An attempt has also been made to identify key directions for future research and scholarly discussion. The article also serves as an invitation to further reflection and discussion. As shown above, both the institutional framing and that relating to the 'branch' that is the geography of law (legal geography) may be reflected adequately in foreseeable research fields, as well as problems to be identified and clarified. Even though the role of other branches of law is not neglected, it is necessary to state that the legal dimension relating to administrative law should be specially analysed within the framework of socio-economic geography and the spatial economy. Significantly, the internal branch structure of administrative law seems to coincide to a large extent with the 'branch' division of socio-economic geography and the spatial economy, even if this would of course not preclude more comprehensive or even holistic approaches in the future. The issues as presented lead us to a conclusion that the links between socio--economic geography and the spatial economy and the legal sciences are strong, even if this does not gain adequate reflection in research, or in theoretical and methodological progress. The article thus also serves as an invitation to further reflection and discussion. To that end, key conceptual and theoretical-methodological foundations are identified by the author, with a view to the discussion in question being guided. As has been demonstrated, both the institutional approach and that relating to the 'sectoral' geography of law (legal geography) can gain adequate reflection in foreseeable research fields, along with problems to be identified and clarified. A further line of work should be to detail better the relationship between the indicated theoretical frameworks and the issues identified, with these also being translated into proposals for concrete research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Trust in elite sport institutions is an important antecedent that explains public attitudes towards elite sport. However, the origin of trust remains, to some extent, enigmatic. The purpose of this study is to examine the factors that define trust in elite sport institutions. Drawing on data collected from a cross-sectional online social survey among 2525 representative Japanese adults, this article examines the impact of a series of (1) institutional approach; (2) cultural approach; and (3) social exchange theory-derived factors on the level of trust in elite sport institutions. The findings highlight the role that institutional performances, most notably the sporting and political aspects, exogenous cultural elements, and positive/negative perception towards policy development, play in determining institutional trust. Among these determinants, the contribution of institutions' political performance (e.g. information provision and fiscal responsibility) is the most prominent. In addition to the pursuit of medal winning performances and elite sport success, enhancing political performance, such as transparency and fiscal responsibility, needs to be considered an equally, and probably more, important part of elite sport policy in relation to public trust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The novelty of the research consists in reconsidering the importance of physical education and sports in modern society as a result of increased commercialization and separation of their organizational forms into elite and mass types. The purpose of the analysis is aimed at the structural and functional determination of the institutionalism of physical culture and sports, identifying their commonality and differences, allowing to correlate them within the framework of a single type of physical culture as a non-institutional form of universal culture. The research methodology is based on the use of the structural-functional method and the institutional approach, and is based on the fact that physical culture and sports, being related, but different sociocultural institutions, can perform the functions of each other in some cases. The article emphasizes the idea that physical education and sports, being significant spheres of public life, reflect social problems, experience development crises, form and transform traditional organizational forms, which is the basis for scientific understanding in the framework of sociological science of diverse aspects of these forms of culture and institutional interaction on fundamental and application levels. The main results of the research have led to the conclusion that the institutionalization of physical culture and main sports is associated with the development of physical parameters of the body, and as a result, spiritual qualities of a person, influences greatly the further development of society and culture in general. Preservation and physical perfection of the body is a condition for the inseparable connection of a man with the nature, and an absolute factor in the possibility of the manifestation of living emotions that make a human life meaningful. Thus, physical culture and sport as sociocultural institutions are able to resist effectively the onset of a post human civilization.

AbstractThis study sought to analyze the legal-jurisdictional barriers and challenges in providing financial resources for technological entrepreneurship using an institutional approach and mixed method. By applying a mixed method of qualitative (content analysis) and quantitative (descriptive-survey) approaches, financing barriers for technological entrepreneurship were identified. The statistical population in the qualitative section included 16 elite people and financial managers of technology companies, who were selected by the criterion-based snowball approach. The statistical population in the quantitative sector included financial managers. A number of 125 persons were selected as the statistical sample by using a random sampling method and doing availability analysis. To process the data, SPSS19 software and confirmatory factor analysis and structural equations modeling in Smart PLS software were applied. In this study, a model was developed to show the significant relationship between “the rules and regulations of financing technological entrepreneurship” and “deviation from the rules and regulations, intellectual and industrial property, and long financing time of technology companies.” The results revealed that the most important obstacles were deviations from laws and regulations, intellectual and industrial property, and long financing time of technology companies, respectively.Keywords: Legal-Jurisdictional Barriers, Technological Entrepreneurship, Mixed Method, Institutional Approach. IntroductionFinancial resources are essential in supporting entrepreneurship and small and medium businesses. Obtaining the necessary funds to start businesses has always been challenging for entrepreneurs. Access to financial resources is one of the main concerns for entrepreneurs in the entrepreneurial process since it enables them to implement the identified opportunities (Arbolino, 2017). Using the suitable financing methods to implement profitable projects can play an essential role in increasing shareholders’ wealth in companies. One of the decisions that business managers have to make for maximizing shareholders' wealth is financial provision (Moutmani & Tabgian, 2015). Unfortunately, the country's structures and laws in financing and granting facilities in the business sector, especially in small and medium businesses, have not been architected. This means that the economy's financial sector should serve as the real sector of the economy, the result of which is creating an informational symmetry and directing resources to increase efficiency in the entrepreneurial sector (Cooray, 1999). Perhaps, one of the main issues in the country's progress is the issue of financing entrepreneurship, especially technological entrepreneurship. Therefore, this research analyzed legal-legitimate obstacles and challenges in providing financial resources in technological entrepreneurship with an institutional and mixed-method approach. Method and DataThis research was conducted in Tehran Province during the period of 2019-2020. The sample in the qualitative section was formed by 16 elites in the field of technological entrepreneurship. They participated in the research with a snowball opinion. In the quantitative part, a survey was carried out by designing a questionnaire extracted from the qualitative part of the research for 125 experts. The sample of this section was chosen by academic and industrial experts, including faculty members and experts in the field of financial information with at least 3 years of experience and activity. The Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) technique was used to analyze the data obtained from the respondents according to the first method of Barclay et al. (1995). In this method, Number 10 was a cross number and the indices of 1 were changed. According to this rule, 80 samples from the above sample were enough. Also, 125 stratified samples were selected for the survey about the research results. FindingsThe organizing theme of the legal dimensions of financing included the primary themes of legal institutions, the role of cultural background in legalism, law enforcement, lawlessness, intellectual property, legal issues of crime prevention, financing laws, laws and regulations, and the role of law. The dimension of entrepreneurial financing processes was one of the organizer’s primary themes of the effects of informal relationships in facilitating processes, difference between bank processes and funds, patenting before financing, uncertain processes, long judicial processes, informal processes (lobbying), and certain documents. For some technologies the legal way of financing was also included. These themes were obtained from the qualitative analysis of interviews, documents, laws, and regulations of the field of study. By coding these themes in ATLAS. ti software, a network of themes could be drawn from them. Chart No. 2 showed the theme network extracted from analysis of the themes.In the section of quantitative analysis, the minimum acceptable values of the indicators of CA, CRMSV) by using the PLS method showed the high reliability and validity of the questionnaire. Conclusion and discussion From the points of view of the studied community, deviation from laws and regulations, including the deviation of loans from their legal path, costs of loans in places other than banks, lack of seriousness in applying the law, cumbersome rules and regulations for entrepreneurs, legal issues for the prevention of financial crimes, and information and transparency of the legal financing path for entrepreneurs, was the biggest obstacle in technological financing businesses. The second obstacle in financing technological entrepreneurship was intellectual and industrial property, which included protection of property rights, legal protection of producers, protection of intellectual property, the need for a patent for financing, and a non-disclosure agreement. The third legal obstacle from the points of view of the elites of technological businesses was the longtime of funding for entrepreneurs, which included lacking a program for the developments of entrepreneurship and entrepreneurs in terms of scale, long time processes of the cases, time-consuming nature of registration, priority of reviews, and time-consuming nature of the evaluation.In the discussion about the proposals, it is suggested that the government carry out institutional reforms instead of directly interfering by establishing several funds or granting facilities without policy. By creating the necessary infrastructure for developing cultural variables and informal institutions, as well as environmental and interventionist conditions, mutual trust is created and the motivation to invest and accept capital is strengthened. Among the practical cases, it is possible to strengthen and develop financial markets to help clarify the valuation of shares, create the possibility of an initial supply of shares and other tools for exiting an investment, organizing the formation of specialized syndicates, creating a platform to benefit from the advantages of investment risk reduction strategies, including providing the possibility of multi-stage investment, stock trading options, the possibility of using convertible securities through revision of existing laws, revising accounting standards, tax laws, labor laws, and bankruptcy laws in line with the goals of new technology businesses, and strengthening laws to protect intellectual property rights and favorable legal structures pointed out. While allocating bank loans with a lower interest and a more extended repayment period for such companies, receiving these loans will be shortened to make them available to these people at the right time.Concerning the direction of future research, it is recommended to conduct studies in the field of intellectual property rights, intellectual property evaluation models, labor laws, tax policies, and accounting standards by investment requirements. Furthermore, the studies related to the developments of educational systems and cultural variables can be of great help to improve the performance in this area.

Recently, some cases of human rights violations in immigration detention centers across Japan have attracted worldwide attention. Those inhumanely considered cases necessitated the United Nations expressing an opinion through the United Nations Working Group on Arbitrary Detention. This study found that ingrained ideologies of homogeneity in Japanese society give rise to immigration policies that tend to hinder the integration of immigrants into Japanese society. This research looks at three main areas: first, how the ideology of homogeneity led to prolonged immigration detention in Japan; second, whether immigration detention in Japan violates international human rights law; and, finally, the guarantee of human rights protection for detainees in Japan. a qualitative research method using a literature review to describe how ethnic homogeneity causes prolonged immigration detention in Japan that is against international law through an institutional frame.

The article aims at elaborating the conceptual foundations for the development of international business theory in the context of increasing global technological dynamism. The article examines the relationship between the increase in technological dynamism in the modern world and the problematic issues in the theory of international business regarding the fragility or terminability of specific advantages of countries and specific advantages of firms that underlie the very basis of the existence of multinational corporations, their business models and, accordingly, their sustainability. The author proposes a comprehensive solution to this qualitatively new problem of international business by addressing the general task of ensuring firm sustainability in the context of increasing technological dynamism in the industry and determining what are the specific advantages of those firms that demonstrate an appropriate level of sustainability and which can be successfully internationalized and continue to compete in world markets in the current environment, despite the disruption of the classical paradigm of international firms. The article explores the evolution of management theories of firm competitiveness in the context of increasing environmental dynamism, which has led to the emergence of dynamic strategic management based on the integration of the theory of dynamic capabilities and the institutional approach with the traditional insrtumentarium for developing and implementing corporate strategies. The substantiation of the conception of specific advantages of global innovation ecosystems in the theory of international business has been further developed. With the practical application of the proposed conceptual framework for the development of international business theory, taking into account the continuous increase in technological dynamism in the modern world is meant to introduce dynamic strategic management tools in the activities of international firms, including the development and implementation of strategies for their participation in global innovation ecosystems.

In the new era, various disasters have cast a shadow on the lives of societies. In fact, today no society can be immune from disaster and its short and long-term consequences. Community-based disaster risk management is used as a new method in disaster management for the participation of all sections of society and is one of the new approaches in the field of risks. From this perspective, reducing the risk of disaster is a goal, and its main strategy is to improve the capacities and resources of vulnerable groups in society and reduce their vulnerability in dealing with future disasters. Sub-approaches of community-based disaster management; include the structural approach and institutional approach. The structural approach emphasizes socio-economic structures and its planning model is supportive. The institutional approach is based on the concept of resilience and its planning model is cooperative. In this research, in order to find, identify and extract the main components of community-based disaster management, the method of qualitative content analysis was used with a descriptive approach and using the meta-synthesis method through library studies, and the purpose of that is to categorize the components and factors of community-based disaster management sub-approaches under the title of structural approach and institutional approach. For this purpose, the components and factors of subapproaches have been identified and then classified by MAXQDA software. The statistical population of the research consists of scientific research articles published in databases, domestic and foreign publications related to the research subject, from 2000 to 2020. Based on the results, a total of 569 codes were identified in the MAXQDA software environment, of which 324 codes are related to the components of the structural approach and 245 codes are related to the components of the institutional approach of community-based disaster management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article describes the nature of the influence of social factors on the process of implementing regional demographic policy. Quite often, social policy programs in the regions are aimed at optimizing economic conditions, while social conditions are ignored. The purpose of the article is to study the socio-cultural conditions for the effective implementation of demographic policy in the regions. As a result of the research, the hypothesis of no less, and possibly greater, influence of socio-cultural factors on demographic indicators and the demographic situation has been confirmed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A general practice of precedent is one that can plausibly apply to any well-functioning legal system. This practice, which can be grounded in the Rule of Law, needs to make it the case that courts always have a legal reason for following relevant precedent – even if the precedent is morally suboptimal, so long as it is not evil. Without this reason, a precedent may be treated as having no legal influence for the later court ('the Null Model'), and this runs counter to the Rule of Law. On top of this reason, courts may have a general legal obligation to follow precedent – stare decisis – but this risks entrenching morally bad decisions in the law. We need, therefore, a type of reason that lies in between the Null Model and stare decisis as a necessary step for any future justification of stare decisis. But how can courts have a legal reason for following morally suboptimal precedent? They can have that reason, I argue, in virtue of a specific judicial duty, positively laid down in a legal source, which aims to advance the Rule of Law in an institutionalised way. In this article, I aim to explain and justify that judicial duty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author focuses on the process of institutionalization of the volunteer movement in the North Caucasus. There is substantiation provided to the use of institutional and structure-functional approaches to studying volunteer movement in the regional community.

The article analyzes how organizations interpret the systemic relationships between the labor market and labor relations in human resource management (HRM) strategies during the Covid-19 pandemic. The research adopted a qualitative approach, carrying out four focus groups with 24 people managers and interviewing four union representatives in Brazilian cities located in three of the five Brazilian regions: Northeast (Fortaleza, CE), South (Joinville, SC), and Central-West (Brasília, DF). The findings indicated knowledge gaps in the area of HRM regarding labor market and labor relations. They observed the occurrence of similar HRM practices institutionalized by a common repertoire at different levels while unions were adapting to the new labor legislation in Brazil (enacted in 2017). The Covid-19 pandemic brought structural changes such as an increase in telework and adjustment to labor legislation and organization. It also brought behavioral changes and affected the worker's health. The study contributes a) theoretically by expanding the analysis of HRM under the institutional approach, b) methodologically by providing comparative research, and c) empirically by illustrating how HRM works in different regions of the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main purpose of this paper is to analyze the entrepreneurship research activity that uses the institutional approach as a conceptual framework in the specific context of Latin America. To do so, a semi-systematic literature review is conducted using 24 articles published between 2009 and 2021 in major entrepreneurship journals. The results show that institutional conditions significantly shape entrepreneurial dynamics. The review highlights a two-way relationship between formal and informal institutions that can either drive or hinder ventures. Policymakers should thus prioritize a comprehensive institutional approach to enhance entrepreneurial growth and boost regional prosperity. This is the first review of entrepreneurship research from the institutional approach in the Latin American context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Estudios Penales y Criminológicos is the property of Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Servicio de Publicaciones and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Studies on the Chinese internet mostly focus on how the government censors content and regulate digital platforms. We rarely know how internet companies understand, respond to and negotiate the relationship with the government. This study examines Danlan, the company that runs the world's largest gay dating app Blued. We approach the interaction between Danlan and the government with an institutional perspective, treating them both as organizations seeking resources and legitimacy. Drawing on fieldwork, we develop the concept of embedded symbiosis, which characterizes the collaborative government-business relationship, and explore how Danlan, the seemingly weak side in this relationship, plays an active role in initiating, negotiating, and maintaining such relations at different stages of embeddedness. Danlan endeavors to form a symbiosis with the government to pursue its survival and development, yet eventually risks alienating from the gay community and colluding with the state in governing homosexuality. The case of Danlan shows the possibility for internet companies to seek legitimacy in an ever-changing political environment through working closely with the authorities and even becoming part of the governmental system itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on the labor market in the Russian northern regions. The labor market in the Russian North was formed due to the state policy of the no longer existing state, aimed at the active attraction of migrants from other territories for the industrial development of the country. This policy of attracting migrant labor in the state was implemented mainly through the creation of the institution of wages, which provided additional northern payments to the salary, designed to compensate for the discomfort of living and working conditions in the North. This led to an increase in employment in the North. The research goal is to study the formation and development of the wage institution, as well as to determine the impact of wages on employment in modern conditions. The article presents the history of formation of the institution of wages in the Russian North. The dynamics of labour market indicators is given, the change in the ratio of wages in the North is presented, based on official statistical data over the past 15 years. The results of the study show that the northern territories have problems of the labor market that have arisen in recent decades: high levels of unemployment, reduced employment, and wages, once being a significant factor, had a positive impact on employment, but today contribute to the decline in the economic attractiveness of life in the North.

The article aims at elaborating the conceptual foundations for the development of international business theory in the context of increasing global technological dynamism. The article examines the relationship between the increase in technological dynamism in the modern world and the problematic issues in the theory of international business regarding the fragility or terminability of specific advantages of countries and specific advantages of firms that underlie the very basis of the existence of multinational corporations, their business models and, accordingly, their sustainability. The author proposes a comprehensive solution to this qualitatively new problem of international business by addressing the general task of ensuring firm sustainability in the context of increasing technological dynamism in the industry and determining what are the specific advantages of those firms that demonstrate an appropriate level of sustainability and which can be successfully internationalized and continue to compete in world markets in the current environment, despite the disruption of the classical paradigm of international firms. The article explores the evolution of management theories of firm competitiveness in the context of increasing environmental dynamism, which has led to the emergence of dynamic strategic management based on the integration of the theory of dynamic capabilities and the institutional approach with the traditional insrtumentarium for developing and implementing corporate strategies. The substantiation of the conception of specific advantages of global innovation ecosystems in the theory of international business has been further developed. With the practical application of the proposed conceptual framework for the development of international business theory, taking into account the continuous increase in technological dynamism in the modern world is meant to introduce dynamic strategic management tools in the activities of international firms, including the development and implementation of strategies for their participation in global innovation ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, smart and ecological urbanism and transformations into the new models of city making have become a global mainstream. These are models of the smart city, the eco-city, and the eco-megacity. The article proposes a conceptual approach to the formation of the eco-megacity as a qualitatively new phenomenon in the post-industrial economy. The prerequisites for the transformation of a megapolis into an eco-megacity have been analyzed. The key characteristics of the new phenomenon have been revealed. The role of collaboration as the main factor in increasing the efficiency of interaction processes between ecosystem actors and between ecosystems themselves has been presented. The relationship of the formed ecosystem approaches and the groups of actors during implementation of an institutional project in the megapolis have been determined. It allows for the transformation of a megapolis into an eco-megacity. The ant colony optimization algorithm for studying the symbiosis of socio-economic ecosystems in the megapolis has been proposed. The authors have attempted to contribute to the development of theoretical and methodological aspects of the emerging eco-megacity concept as a new phenomenon of the modern economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to identify and describe the implementation of marketing strategies through institutional approaches in increasing awareness of the business world to carry out independent export activities at the Customs and Excise Office of Tasikmalaya, to find out the obstacles and efforts to overcome them. The method used is descriptive qualitative. The results of the study concluded that Tasikmalaya Customs and Excise implemented a marketing strategy through an institutional approach to increasing the awareness of the business community to carry out independent export activities, in three parts of activities, namely hearings, socialization, and teamwork. The obstacles faced are concerns about differences in vision in dealing with MSMEs, unavailability of data on MSME exporters or MSMEs that have export potential, lack of understanding of export regulations or rules, difficulties in finding forms of cooperation, closed MSME behavior, limited budget managed by the local government to deal with MSMEs. Efforts have been made to align the vision, encourage local governments to clean up MSME exporter data, conduct specific discussions, share roles, and take a persuasive approach.

The fact that the health of Ukraine’s people is rather poor proves the importance of substantiating the need for institutionalizing the government’s social responsibility for public health (GSR for PH) as a basic component of a health-oriented economy in modern conditions. The methodological approach to forming the GSR for PH institution is developed; within this approach the essence of the GSR for PH and its structure are defined, and theoretic approaches to forming the GSR for PH are suggested, as well as case studies for the GSR for PH and its diagnostication within a state, and rationale for and mechanisms of the GSR for PH institutionalization. The methodology of institutionalizing the GSR for PH is based on the institutional approach and the theory of health risk factors. The GSR for PH is presented as the obligations of a state, which are expressed in actions that are aimed at the socio-economic well-being and lifestyle of both the population and every individual as a carrier of health capital; ensure the safety and efficiency of human capital; provide environmental parameters for the actualization of human capital; characterize the organization of providing health care to the population, ensure its quality and accessibility. The analysis of the GSR for PH in Ukraine from the standpoint of the theory of health risk factors shows the inefficiency of state institutions responsible for maintaining public health; an institutional trap has been identified in some areas of the public health care system. In order to transform inefficient institutions, a mechanism for institutionalizing the GSR for PH is proposed, which includes regulatory, business, and information instruments; they coordinate the actions of economic entities in their interaction in such a way as to offset the negative impact of health risk factors, and enhance the positive impact, which contributes to increasing the government’s, employers’ and individuals’ responsibility for health at every level.

Advancement and usage of Information and Communication Technology has brought significant transformation in the education system. Online learning system has facilitated learning experience and teaching with development in technologies and different communication channels. Talking about blended teaching and learning is a mixed paradigm of education, and it offers the promise of addressing various challenges faced by traditional learnings system with the introduction of a constructive approach to blended learning and education. Blended learning and teaching is an innovative concept that provides the benefit of the traditional teaching of the classroom along with ICT-supported learning. Blended learning is a combination of face-to-face learning along with online methods of delivering education that influences perceptions of students regarding the learning environment and teacher's experience of teaching; it also influences the learning outcomes. Today majority of teachers are making use of developed engagement strategies in the classroom and online teaching. Blended learning is helping in improving the quality of education. A sample of 200 respondents was collected from respondents through a "standard questionnaire," which was created on a five-point interval scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relevance of the topic is due to the absence in economic studies of specific algorithms for activating self-preservation that determines the health of a country’s population, and therefore, its human capital. The author sees the solution to this problem in institutionalization of self-preservation. The paper presents a methodological approach to the formation of the institution of self-preservation, which includes a theoretical analysis of scientific approaches to studying health and self-preservation, practical analysis and diagnosis of self-preservation of the country’s population, substantiation of the need for mechanisms for institutionalizing self-preservation and their development. The methodology for institutionalizing self-preservation is based on an institutional approach and the theory of health risk factors. Self-preservation is described as an individual’s obligations to preserve his/her health, which are manifested in actions aimed at achieving socio-economic well-being, allowing a healthy lifestyle, ensuring ecological parameters of everyday life, characterizing his/her participation in medical events. The analysis of self-preservation in Ukraine from the standpoint of the theory of health risk factors shows that an institutional trap – the institution of health-damaging behavior was formed in the country. For its transformation, a mechanism for institutionalizing self-preservation is proposed. The mechanism consists of regulatory, organizational, economic and information tools that coordinate the interaction of economic entities in such a way as to neutralize the negative impact of health risk factors and enhance their positive impact, which contributes to increased personal responsibility for health.

Abstract. The research paper is devoted to the development of methodological foundations of bank lending to industrial enterprises in accordance with the formation of new economic relations based on the priority of knowledge, deepening of digitalization and dissemination of ideas of social ecology in its broad sense. In particular, the article is clarified the economic essence of the concept of «bank lending to industrial enterprises» through the prism of a set of scientific approaches. The modern principles of implementation of bank lending to industrial enterprises are also formulated in this article. A comprehensive refinement of the economic content of the concept under study was carried out using the institutional, functional and reproductive approaches of scientific cognition. Each of the scientific approaches has contributed to a comprehensive disclosure of the characteristics of bank lending to industry. As a result of using an institutional scientific approach to disclose the economic essence of bank lending to industrial enterprises, a species structure of its institutional environment was formulated. It was reasoned that the institutional environment of bank lending to industrial enterprises should be structured in terms of the following components: financial institution (in which banks, especially industrial banks, play a special role); production and technology institution (in which innovative industrial enterprises and smart industry enterprises play a special role); legal institution; industrial lending infrastructure institution; sustainable finance institution; institutional arrangements and its social relations. Through the functional approach, a number of functions of the financial and economic nature of bank credit and the activities of industrial enterprises were traced in a cause-and-effect relationship. The reproductive approach of scientific cognition has helped to reveal the economic essence of bank lending to industrial enterprises, emphasizing its role in reproductive processes and its importance for the development of the whole economy. The formulated principles of bank lending to industrial enterprises are in line with current trends in financial and credit relations between banks and industry, and also take into account the basic principles of the transition to a knowledge-based economy. Keywords: industry, industrial enterprises, lending, bank lending to industrial enterprises, institutional approach, functional approach, reproductive approach, principles of bank lending to industrial enterprises. JEL Classification G21 Formulas: 0; fig.: 5; tabl.: 1; bibl.: 19.

Copyright of Historia Constitucional is the property of Revista Historia Constitucional and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The research paper is devoted to the development of methodological foundations of bank lending to industrial enterprises in accordance with the formation of new economic relations based on the priority of knowledge, deepening of digitalization and dissemination of ideas of social ecology in its broad sense. In particular, the article is clarified the economic essence of the concept of «bank lending to industrial enterprises» through the prism of a set of scientific approaches. The modern principles of implementation of bank lending to industrial enterprises are also formulated in this article. A comprehensive refinement of the economic content of the concept under study was carried out using the institutional, functional and reproductive approaches of scientific cognition. Each of the scientific approaches has contributed to a comprehensive disclosure of the characteristics of bank lending to industry. As a result of using an institutional scientific approach to disclose the economic essence of bank lending to industrial enterprises, a species structure of its institutional environment was formulated. It was reasoned that the institutional environment of bank lending to industrial enterprises should be structured in terms of the following components: financial institution (in which banks, especially industrial banks, play a special role); production and technology institution (in which innovative industrial enterprises and smart industry enterprises play a special role); legal institution; industrial lending infrastructure institution; sustainable finance institution; institutional arrangements and its social relations. Through the functional approach, a number of functions of the financial and economic nature of bank credit and the activities of industrial enterprises were traced in a cause-and-effect relationship. The reproductive approach of scientific cognition has helped to reveal the economic essence of bank lending to industrial enterprises, emphasizing its role in reproductive processes and its importance for the development of the whole economy. The formulated principles of bank lending to industrial enterprises are in line with current trends in financial and credit relations between banks and industry, and also take into account the basic principles of the transition to a knowledge-based economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A system of 36 regional-level indicators is selected to create a new index measuring a location's attractiveness for business development (the LA-index), on the criteria of intelligence, networking and infrastructure, sustainability, digitalisation, learning, agility, innovativeness and knowledge. Business establishment is defined by nine indicators. Overall, the research data include 5,170 observations. The methodology presented is suitable for assessing the attractiveness of any region if the necessary data are available. We use correlation analysis and the Granger causality test to analyse the impact of business attractiveness on the establishment of new businesses. The main findings reveal that attractiveness for business development has a positive impact on the establishment of new businesses, but the determinants and time lags of this impact vary depending on the level of economic development of the region. The paper contributes to the regional economic development literature by exploring the concept of a location's attractiveness using the smartness approach, and by discovering the time lags of the impact of this on the establishment of new businesses. The paper provides original empirical evidence, which helps policy makers to develop more accurate strategies and decision-making process based on smartness determinants and delayed effect (impact over time). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reveals misconceptions in the study of the theory of legal facts in Roman law studies . The use of an institutional approach in Roman law studies led to the conclusion that there are no elements of the legal facts theory in Roman jurisprudence. Using a historical and theoretical approach, the author concluded that there was a developed system of legal facts in Ancient Rome and a system of logical and stable concepts of the legal facts theory formed at the level of the concept, which was accepted and developed by the subsequent legal science.