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17 results on '"Institute of Physics (PALS)"'

1. The HiPER project for inertial confinement fusion and some experimental results on advanced ignition schemes

Author

C. Fourment, Jaroslav Nejdl, Bedřich Rus, D. Neely, B. Vauzour, F. Perez, Laurent Gremillet, John Pasley, C. Spindloe, Jerzy Wolowski, S. D. Baton, S. Hulin, Michaela Kozlova, Petra Koester, Xavier Ribeyre, Dimitri Batani, M. Koenig, Kate Lancaster, Maria Richetta, Luca Volpe, J. J. Santos, Luca Antonelli, Alessio Morace, Philippe Nicolai, Wigen Nazarov, L. Labate, L. A. Gizzi, J. J. Honrubia, Guy Schurtz, Fabien Dorchies, M. Tolley, Jan Badziak, Batani, D, Koenig, M, Baton, S, Perez, F, Gizzi, L, Koester, P, Labate, L, Honrubia, J, Antonelli, L, Morace, A, Volpe, L, Santos, J, Schurtz, G, Hulin, S, Ribeyre, X, Fourment, C, Nicolai, P, Vauzour, B, Gremillet, L, Nazarov, W, Pasley, J, Richetta, M, Lancaster, K, Spindloe, C, Tolley, M, Neely, D, Kozlová, M, Nejdl, J, Rus, B, Wolowski, J, Badziak, J, Dorchies, F, Dipartimento di Fisica 'Giuseppe Occhialini' = Department of Physics 'Giuseppe Occhialini' [Milano-Bicocca], Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca [Milano] (UNIMIB), Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Critical Care Department, Hospital de Sabadell, CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Intense Laser Irradiation Laboratory–IPCF, Area della Ricerca CNR, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica (INO), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Biomécanique et génie biomédical (BIM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Pôle Fromager AOP du Massif Central, DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire d'optique appliquée (LOA), École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), University of St Andrews [Scotland], STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Institute of Physics [Prague], Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Institute of Physics (PALS), Department of X Ray Lasers, institute of physics PALS center, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca = University of Milano-Bicocca (UNIMIB), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), and Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Shock wave, Nuclear engineering, Laser, Condensed Matter Physic, fast ignition, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Physics::Plasma Physics, law, 0103 physical sciences, HiPER, 010306 general physics, Inertial confinement fusion, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Physics, facility, plasma physics, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, Condensed Matter Physics, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Nova (laser), Plasma, Shock (mechanics), Ignition system, Atomic physics, Beam (structure)
Abstract

This paper presents the goals and some of the results of experiments conducted within the Working Package 10 (Fusion Experimental Programme) of the HiPER Project. These experiments concern the study of the physics connected to 'advanced ignition schemes', i.e. the fast ignition and the shock ignition approaches to inertial fusion. Such schemes are aimed at achieving a higher gain, as compared with the classical approach which is used in NIF, as required for future reactors, and make fusion possible with smaller facilities. In particular, a series of experiments related to fast ignition were performed at the RAL (UK) and LULI (France) Laboratories and studied the propagation of fast electrons (created by a short-pulse ultra-high-intensity beam) in compressed matter, created either by cylindrical implosions or by compression of planar targets by (planar) laser-driven shock waves. A more recent experiment was performed at PALS and investigated the laser-plasma coupling in the 10 16 W cm -2 intensity regime of interest for shock ignition. © 2011 IOP Publishing Ltd.

Published
2011
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2. Opacity measurements of a hot iron plasma using an x-ray laser

Author

M. Koslova, M. H. Edwards, B. Rus, D. S. Whittaker, C. L. S. Lewis, Geoffrey J. Pert, Tomas Mocek, Alice Delserieys, G.J. Tallents, Nicola Booth, C M McKenna, P. Mistry, D. Neely, M. M. Notley, Department of Physics, University of York [York, UK], Department of X Ray Lasers, institute of physics PALS center, Department of X-ray Lasers, Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Institute of Physics (PALS), Apprentissage, Didactique, Evaluation, Formation (ADEF), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), and Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)

Subjects
Physics, Opacity, [SHS.EDU]Humanities and Social Sciences/Education, General Physics and Astronomy, chemistry.chemical_element, High density, Plasma, Laser, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-ED-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Physics Education [physics.ed-ph], X-ray laser, Nickel, chemistry, law, 0103 physical sciences, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

The temporal evolution of the opacity of an iron plasma at high temperature (30--350 eV) and high density ($0.001--0.2\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{g}\text{ }{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$) has been measured using a nickel-like silver x-ray laser at 13.9 nm. The hot dense iron plasma was created in a thin (50 nm) iron layer buried 80 nm below the surface in a plastic target that was heated using a separate 80 ps pulse of 6--9 J, focused to a $100\text{ }\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}$ diameter spot. The experimental opacities are compared with opacities evaluated from plasma conditions predicted using a fluid and atomic physics code.

Published
2006
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3. Plasma Opacity and Laser Ablation Measurements Using X-Ray Lasers

Author

Greg J. Tallents, M. H. Edwards, Geoffrey J. Pert, Alice Delserieys, M. M. Notley, Ciaran Lewis, M. Stupka, D. S. Whittaker, Tomas Mocek, H. Huang, B. Rus, A. R. Praeg, Nicola Booth, D. Neely, Jiri Polan, P. Homer, M. Koslova, C M McKenna, P. Mistry, Department of Physics, University of York [York, UK], Department of X Ray Lasers, institute of physics PALS center, Department of X-ray Lasers, Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Institute of Physics (PALS), STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), and Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)

Subjects
Laser ablation, Materials science, Opacity, business.industry, X-ray, Plasma, Laser, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Pulse (physics), law.invention, X-ray laser, Optics, law, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], 010306 general physics, business, Layer (electronics), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

The use of x-ray lasers as probes of the opacity of hot dense plasma and rates of laser ablation is considered. It is shown that x-ray lasers are sufficiently bright to overcome plasma emission and enable plasma opacity to be measured. A demonstration experiment is presented where the temporal evolution of the opacity of a thin iron plasma at high temperature (30 – 250 eV) formed from an initially 50 nm thick solid tamped with a plastic overlay after heating by a laser pulse has been measured using the transmission of a nickel-like silver x-ray laser at 13.9 nm. The experimental results are compared to transmission calculations based on the iron opacity evaluated in a post-processor from predictions of the plasma conditions using a fluid and atomic physics code (EHYBRID). In another experiment, it is shown that laser ablation of a solid iron layer that is not tamped can be determined by the change in transmission of a 21.2 nm x-ray laser.

Published
2006
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4. Progress on collisionally pumped optical-field-ionization soft x-ray lasers

Author

Tomas Mocek, Brigitte Cros, Sophie Kazamias, A.J. Gonzalves, C M McKenna, Simon M. Hooker, David Ros, Stéphane Sebban, S. Le Pape, Bedřich Rus, Annie Klisnick, Gerard Jamelot, Gilles Maynard, Pierre Agostini, P. Balcou, I. Bettaibi, Pierre Breger, David J. Spence, J.-F. Wyart, L. Upcraft, Constance Valentin, A. Butler, Ph. Zeitoun, Laboratoire d'optique appliquée (LOA), École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de physique des gaz et des plasmas (LPGP), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Physics [Oxford], University of Oxford, Service des Photons, Atomes et Molécules (SPAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire d'interaction du rayonnement X avec la matière (LIXAM), Department of X Ray Lasers, institute of physics PALS center, Laboratoire Aimé Cotton (LAC), École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Oxford [Oxford], and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)

Subjects
Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Active laser medium, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Physics::Optics, Laser pumping, Laser, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, law.invention, 010309 optics, X-ray laser, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Diode-pumped solid-state laser, Semiconductor optical gain, Physics::Atomic Physics, Laser power scaling, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 010306 general physics, business, Tunable laser
Abstract

International audience; We present the status of optical field ionization soft X-ray lasers. The amplifying medium is generated by focusing a high-energy circularly polarized 30-fs 10-Hz Ti: sapphire laser system in a gaseous medium. Using xenon or krypton, strong laser emission at 41.8 and 32.8 nm, respectively, has been observed. After presenting the basis of the physics, we present recent characterization of the sources as well as dramatic improvement of their performances using the waveguiding technique.

Published
2016
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5. Recent experiments on the hydrodynamics of laser-produced plasmas conducted at the PALS laboratory

Author

Keiji Nagai, Wigen Nazarov, F. Canova, E. Krousky, Jérôme Faure, H. Stabile, G. Lucchini, D.A. Pepler, Dimitri Batani, R. Dudzak, Bedrich Rus, Jiri Skala, J. Ullschmied, Takayoshi Norimatsu, Miroslav Pfeifer, Hiroaki Nishimura, Tara Desai, Jiri Limpouch, Roberto Benocci, Victor Malka, R. Dezulian, M. Koenig, K. Masek, R. Redaelli, Dipartimento di Fisica 'Giuseppe Occhialini' = Department of Physics 'Giuseppe Occhialini' [Milano-Bicocca], Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca [Milano] (UNIMIB), Institute of Physics (PALS), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Laboratoire d'optique appliquée (LOA), École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Doppler Institute/ Department of Mathematics, Czech Technical University in Prague (CTU), University of St Andrews [Scotland], Central Laser Facility, CCLRC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Osaka University [Osaka], Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca = University of Milano-Bicocca (UNIMIB), Batani, D, Dezulian, R, Redaelli, R, Benocci, R, Stabile, H, Canova, F, Desai, T, Lucchini, G, Krousky, E, Masek, K, Pfeifer, M, Skala, J, Dudzak, R, Rus, B, Ullschmied, J, Malka, V, Faure, J, Koenig, M, Limpouch, J, Nazarov, W, Pepler, D, Nagai, K, Norimatsu, T, and Nishimura, H

Subjects
Plasma Hydrodynamics, Lateral expansion, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Optics, Shock Acceleration, Laboratory Astrophysics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 010306 general physics, Equation of State, Laser beams, Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], business.industry, Plasma, Condensed Matter Physics, Laser, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Wavelength, Shock Pressure, Laboratory astrophysic, business, Plasma hydrodynamic, Smoothing, Energy transport
Abstract

We present a series of experimental results, and their interpretation, connected to various aspects of the hydrodynamics of laser produced plasmas. Experiments were performed using the Prague PALS iodine laser working at 0.44 μm wavelength and irradiances up to a few 1014W/cm2. By adopting large focal spots and smoothed laser beams, the lateral energy transport and lateral expansion have been avoided. Therefore we could reach a quasi one-dimensional regime for which experimental results can be more easily and properly compared to available analytical models.

Published
2007
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6. Proton-induced direct and indirect damage of plasmid DNA

Author

Libor Juha, Kateřina Pachnerová Brabcová, Vaclav Zach, Jean Philippe Champeaux, Martin Vlk, L. Vysin, Pierre Cafarelli, Béatrix Bugler, Václav Štěpán, Jan Stursa, P Moretto-Capelle, Richard Wagner, Gaëlle Legube, Sebastien Incerti, Marie Davídková, Romain Casta, Martine Sence, Czech Technical University in Prague (CTU), Interface Physique et Chimie pour le Vivant (IPCV), Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Interactions Ions-Matière (LCAR) (I²M), Laboratoire Collisions Agrégats Réactivité (LCAR), Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire du Contrôle de la Prolifération (LBCMCP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Physics (PALS), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1

Subjects
DNA damage, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-BIO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Biological Physics [physics.bio-ph], Biophysics, Linear energy transfer, Biology, Models, Biological, Plasmid, DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded, Linear Energy Transfer, Irradiation, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, General Environmental Science, Electrophoresis, Agar Gel, chemistry.chemical_classification, Radiation, Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation, Base excision repair, Molecular biology, PBR322, Indirect effect, Solutions, DNA Repair Enzymes, Enzyme, chemistry, Gamma Rays, Protons, DNA Damage, Plasmids
Abstract

Clustered DNA damage induced by 10, 20 and 30 MeV protons in pBR322 plasmid DNA was investigated. Besides determination of strand breaks, additional lesions were detected using base excision repair enzymes. The plasmid was irradiated in dry form, where indirect radiation effects were almost fully suppressed, and in water solution containing only minimal residual radical scavenger. Simultaneous irradiation of the plasmid DNA in the dry form and in the solution demonstrated the contribution of the indirect effect as prevalent. The damage composition slightly differed when comparing the results for liquid and dry samples. The obtained data were also subjected to analysis concerning different methodological approaches, particularly the influence of irradiation geometry, models used for calculation of strand break yields and interpretation of the strand breaks detected with the enzymes. It was shown that these parameters strongly affect the results.

Published
2015
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7. Fourier-limited seeded soft x-ray laser pulse

Author

Tomas Mocek, Sophie Kazamias, J. Nedjl, Brigitte Cros, Jean-Philippe Goddet, Denis Joyeux, Annette Calisti, David Ros, Djamel Benredjem, Ph. Zeitoun, M. Ribière, S. de Rossi, Fabien Tissandier, A. Boudaa, Olivier Guilbaud, Kevin Cassou, Annie Klisnick, J. Habib, Gilles Maynard, Stéphane Sebban, Julien Gautier, Laboratoire d'interaction du rayonnement X avec la matière (LIXAM), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'optique appliquée (LOA), École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Charles Fabry de l'Institut d'Optique / Scop, Laboratoire Charles Fabry de l'Institut d'Optique (LCFIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Laboratoire Aimé Cotton (LAC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan), Institute of Physics (PALS), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Laboratoire de physique des gaz et des plasmas (LPGP), Physique des interactions ioniques et moléculaires (PIIM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], business.industry, Krypton, chemistry.chemical_element, Pulse duration, Laser, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Laser linewidth, Full width at half maximum, Optics, chemistry, law, Ionization, 0103 physical sciences, Radiative transfer, 010306 general physics, business, Bandwidth-limited pulse
Abstract

International audience; We present what we believe to be the first measurement of the spectral properties of a soft x-ray laser seeded by a high-order harmonic beam. Using an interferometric method, the spectral profile of a seeded Ni-like krypton soft x-ray laser (32.8 nm) generated by optical field ionization has been experimentally determined, and the shortest possible pulse duration has been deduced. The source exhibits a Voigt spectral profile with an FWHM of 3.1±0.3 mÅ, leading to a Fourier-transform pulse duration of 4.7 ps. This value is comparable with the upper limit of the soft x-ray pulse duration determined by experimentally investigating the gain dynamics, from which we conclude that the source has reached the Fourier limit. The measured bandwidth is in good agreement with the predictions of a radiative transfer code, including gain line narrowing and saturation rebroadening.

Published
2010
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8. Scaling stellar jets to the laboratory: the power of simulations

Author

Alberto Marocchino, Chantal Stehlé, Matthias González, Bedrich Rus, M. Kozlová, Andrea Ciardi, Jean-Philippe Colombier, Thierry Lanz, Laboratoire d'Etude du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique (LERMA), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas (LPP), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École polytechnique (X)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Hubert Curien (LHC), Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Department of Astronomy [College Park], University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, Imperial College London, Department of X Ray Lasers, institute of physics PALS center, RII3-CT-2003-506350 Laserlab Europe MRTN-CT-2004 005592 PICS 4343, European Project, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Hubert Curien [Saint Etienne] (LHC), and Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Laser plasmas, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, hydrodynamics, laboratory astrophysics, laser plasmas, z-pinch, 010305 fluids & plasmas, 0103 physical sciences, Radiative transfer, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Scaling, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), Physics, Laboratory astrophysics, [SDU.ASTR.SR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Solar and Stellar Astrophysics [astro-ph.SR], Plasma, Condensed Matter Physics, [PHYS.ASTR.SR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Solar and Stellar Astrophysics [astro-ph.SR], Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Accretion (astrophysics), Computational physics, Interstellar medium, Stars, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Z-pinch, Hydrodynamics, Plasma diagnostics
Abstract

Advances in laser and Z-pinch technology, coupled with the development of plasma diagnostics and the availability of high-performance computers, have recently stimulated the growth of high-energy density laboratory astrophysics. In particular a number of experiments have been designed to study radiative shocks and jets with the aim of shedding new light on physical processes linked to the ejection and accretion of mass by newly born stars. Although general scaling laws are a powerful tools to link laboratory experiments with astrophysical plasmas, the phenomena modelled are often too complicated for simple scaling to remain relevant. Nevertheless, the experiments can still give important insights into the physics of astrophysical systems and can be used to provide the basic experimental validation of numerical simulations in regimes of interest to astrophysics. We will illustrate the possible links between laboratory experiments, numerical simulations and astrophysics in the context of stellar jets. First we will discuss the propagation of stellar jets in a cross-moving interstellar medium and the scaling to Z-pinch produced jets. Our second example focuses on slab-jets produced at the PALS (Prague Asterix Laser System) laser installation and their practical applications to astrophysics. Finally, we illustrate the limitations of scaling for radiative shocks, which are found at the head of the most rapid stellar jets., 30 pages, 9 figures

Published
2009
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9. Caractérisation spatio-temporelle d'un laser XUV injecté

Author

Ph. Zeitoun, Denis Joyeux, David Ros, S. de Rossi, Tomas Mocek, Annie Klisnick, Stephane Sebban, Marie-Françoise Ravet, Sophie Kazamias, Krzysztof Jakubczak, J. P. Goddet, G. Lambert, F. Delmotte, Djamel Benredjem, G. Jamelot, Annette Calisti, T. Marchenko, J. Gautier, Kevin Cassou, J. Habib, A. Boudaa, Constance Valentin, Brigitte Cros, Gilles Maynard, Fabien Tissandier, Michaela Kozlova, O. Guilbaud, J. C. Lagron, D. Phalippou, Laboratoire d'optique appliquée (LOA), École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'interaction du rayonnement X avec la matière (LIXAM), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de physique des gaz et des plasmas (LPGP), Laboratoire Charles Fabry de l'Institut d'Optique / Scop, Laboratoire Charles Fabry de l'Institut d'Optique (LCFIO), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Physique des interactions ioniques et moléculaires (PIIM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Physics (PALS), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)

Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

Caracterisation spatio-temporelle d’un laser XUV injecte J.-P. Goddet1, S. Sebban1, O. Guilbaud2, G. Maynard3, B. Cros3, J. Gautier1, Ph. Zeitoun1, C. Valentin1, F. Tissandier1, T. Marchenko1, G. Lambert1, D. Benredjem2, A. Boudaa3, A. Klisnick2, D. Ros2, S. Kazamias2, K. Cassou2,3, J. Habib2, G. Jamelot2, J.-C. Lagron2, D. Joyeux4, S. De Rossi4, D. Phalippou4, F. Delmotte4, M.F. Ravet4, A. Calisti5, T. Mocek6, M. Kozlova6 et K. Jakubczak6

Published
2008
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10. Characterization of collisionally pumped optical-field-ionization soft X-ray lasers

Author

Tomas Mocek, L. M. Upcraft, David Ros, Pierre Breger, I. Bettaibi, Philippe Balcou, Annie Klisnick, J.-F. Wyart, Antoine Carillon, Gerard Jamelot, Bedřich Rus, Stéphane Sebban, S. Le Pape, Philippe Zeitoun, Laboratoire d'optique appliquée (LOA), École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service des Photons, Atomes et Molécules (SPAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire d'interaction du rayonnement X avec la matière (LIXAM), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of X Ray Lasers, institute of physics PALS center, Laboratoire Aimé Cotton (LAC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan), and École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Wavefront, Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), business.industry, General Engineering, General Physics and Astronomy, Pulse duration, Wavefront sensor, Laser pumping, Laser, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, 010309 optics, Optical pumping, Optics, law, Ionization, 0103 physical sciences, PACS 42.55.Vc, 32.30.Rj, 52.50.Jm, 010306 general physics, business, Ultrashort pulse
Abstract

We give an overview of recent experimental results on optical-field-ionization collisional soft X-ray lasers developed at LOA. By focusing a 30-fs, circularly polarized Ti-sapphire laser pulse at an intensity of up to 8×1017 Wcm-2 into a low-density gas cell containing Xe or Kr, we produced a few mm long plasma column for soft X-ray amplifier. Saturated amplification has been achieved on the 4d95d(1 S 0)–4d95p(1 P 1) transition at 41.8 nm in Xe8+, and on the 3d94d(1 S 0)–3d94p(1 P 1) transition in Kr8+ at 32.8 nm. Under optimum pumping conditions the Xe8+ laser provides about (5±2)×109 photons per pulse whilst the Kr8+ laser delivers up to (2.5±1)×109 photons per shot. The repetition rate of these soft X-ray lasers is 10 Hz. The beam wavefront of the Xe8+ laser has been measured by a Shack–Hartmann soft X-ray wavefront sensor, and the pulse duration by a cross-correlation technique.

Published
2004
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11. Investigations of collisionally pumped optical field ionization soft-x-ray lasers

Author

Moana Pittman, Philippe Balcou, David Ros, Antoine Rousse, L. Notebaert, Tomas Mocek, Bedrich Rus, Stéphane Sebban, Jean-Philippe Rousseau, Annie Klisnick, R. Haroutunian, L. Upcraft, Constance Valentin, Antoine Carillon, D. Hulin, G. Grillon, Gerard Jamelot, Laboratoire d'optique appliquée (LOA), École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Physics (PALS), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Atomique et Ionique, and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], business.industry, Krypton, chemistry.chemical_element, Statistical and Nonlinear Physics, Photoionization, Laser pumping, Laser, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, law.invention, 010309 optics, Optical pumping, Optics, Xenon, chemistry, law, Ionization, 0103 physical sciences, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, business, Lasing threshold
Abstract

International audience; We report recent investigations of optical field ionization soft-x-ray lasers. We generated the amplifying medium by focusing a circularly polarized 760-mJ, 30-fs 10-Hz Ti:sapphire laser system into a gas cell a few millimeters long filled with xenon or krypton gas. A gain of 67 cm^−1 on the 4d^95p–4d^95d transition at 41.8 nm in Pd-like xenon and a gain–length product of 15 have been inferred at saturation. This source delivers ∼5×10^9 photons per pulse. More recently we demonstrated lasing at 32.8 nm in Ni-like krypton. The influence of the pumping energy and the laser polarization on the lasing output as well as on the far-field pattern of the x-ray laser beam are reported and discussed.

Published
2003
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12. Lasers XUV collisionnels pompés par des lasers femtoseconde

Author

D. Hulin, G. Grillon, Moana Pittman, Tomas Mocek, Annie Klisnick, Antoine Rousse, David Ros, L. M. Upcraft, L. Notebaert, Jean-Philippe Rousseau, Constance Valentin, R. Haroutunian, Stéphane Sebban, Antoine Carillon, Bedřich Rus, Gerard Jamelot, Philippe Balcou, Laboratoire d'optique appliquée (LOA), École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Physics (PALS), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Atomique et Ionique, and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], 0103 physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, 010306 general physics, 01 natural sciences
Abstract

International audience; Nous présentons de récents travaux sur la production de sources lasers XUV collisionels pompés par des impulsions laser femtoseconde. Le milieu amplificateur est un plasma créé d'ions multi-chargés et l'effet laser est observé sur les transitions 5p-5d à 41,8 nm du xénon IX et 4d-4p du krypton IX à 32,8 nm. L'influence des conditions d'irradiation et de densité du milieu lasant sur l'intensité de la source est présentée et discutée.

Published
2003
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13. Demonstration of a Ni-Like Kr Optical-Field-Ionization Collisional Soft X-Ray Laser at 32.8 nm

Author

Bedrich Rus, Stéphane Sebban, David Ros, Moana Pittman, Annie Klisnick, D. Hulin, Jean-Philippe Rousseau, Antoine Rousse, Gerard Jamelot, Tomas Mocek, L. Notebaert, G. Grillon, L. Upcraft, Constance Valentin, R. Haroutunian, Antoine Carillon, Philippe Balcou, Laboratoire d'optique appliquée (LOA), École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Physics (PALS), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Atomique et Ionique, and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Krypton, General Physics and Astronomy, chemistry.chemical_element, Physics::Optics, Plasma, Laser, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Ion, law.invention, Optical pumping, Wavelength, chemistry, law, Ionization, 0103 physical sciences, Physics::Atomic Physics, PACS 42.55.Vc, 32.30.Rj, 52.50.Jm, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, Lasing threshold
Abstract

International audience; We report the first experimental demonstration of a Ni-like optical-field ionization collisional soft x-ray laser. The amplifying medium is generated by focusing a circularly polarized 760 mJ, 30 fs, 10-Hz Ti:sapphire laser beam in a few mm cell filled with krypton. We have measured a gain coefficient of 78 cm^-1 on the 3d^94d^1S0-3d^94p^1P1 transition at 32.8 nm, which is here amplified for the first time. This radiation source represents the shortest wavelength optical-field ionization collisional soft x-ray laser ever produced. The influence of the gas pressure and the pumping energy on the lasing output are also presented.

Published
2002
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14. Bessel spatial profile of a soft x-ray laser beam

Author

Antoine Rousse, Frédéric Burgy, Constance Valentin, J. Gautier, Gilles Maynard, J. Ph. Goddet, M. Ribière, J. Nejdl, Fabien Tissandier, Stephane Sebban, Ph. Zeitoun, G. Lambert, Tomas Mocek, Laboratoire d'optique appliquée (LOA), École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Physics (PALS), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Laboratoire de physique des gaz et des plasmas (LPGP), and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
numerical analysis, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), 01 natural sciences, law.invention, 010309 optics, Optical pumping, symbols.namesake, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, X-ray lasers, 010306 general physics, optical pumping, Physics, Wavefront, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], business.industry, Far-infrared laser, laser beams, Laser, PACS 42.55.Vc, 42.60.Jf, Transverse plane, symbols, Laser beam quality, business, Bessel function, Beam (structure)
Abstract

International audience; We report far-field profile measurements of an optical-field-ionized high-order harmonic-seeded soft x-ray laser. We show that the beam transverse profile can be controlled between a regular Gaussian shape and a Bessel profile exhibiting several rings via the infrared laser pump intensity. These experimental data are supported by a complete numerical modeling including a two-dimensional plasma amplifier simulation and a two-level soft x-ray amplification using a Maxwell–Bloch treatment. This model takes into account the experimental high-order harmonic wavefront and intensity before it is numerically amplified.

Published
2010
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15. Non-thermal desorption/ablation of molecular solids induced by ultra-short soft x-ray pulses

Author

Thomas Tschentscher, Janos Hajdu, Marek Jurek, Jaromír Chalupský, Libor Juha, J. Cihelka, Kai Tiedtke, Jacek Krzywinski, Stéphane Sebban, Philippe Zeitoun, Richard A. London, Sven Toleikis, E. Papalazarou, G. Rey, Ryszard Sobierajski, Nikola Stojanovic, Jerzy B. Pelka, Věra Hájková, H. Wabnitz, L. Vysin, Stefan P. Hau-Riege, Constance Valentin, Julien Gautier, Institute of Physics (PALS), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Czech Technical University in Prague (CTU), Laboratoire d'optique appliquée (LOA), École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics [Uppsala], Department of Cell and Molecular Biology [Uppsala], Uppsala University-Uppsala University, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Institute of Physics in Poland, Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), and Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron [Hamburg] (DESY)

Subjects
Boron Compounds, Microscope, Materials science, Surface Properties, Ultraviolet Rays, Thermal desorption, Electrons, macromolecular substances, 02 engineering and technology, Microscopy, Atomic Force, 01 natural sciences, Soft laser desorption, law.invention, Optics, law, Desorption, 0103 physical sciences, Surface roughness, Polymethyl Methacrylate, ddc:530, Irradiation, 010306 general physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], business.industry, Lasers, X-Rays, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Laser, Carbon, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Spectrophotometry, Laser Therapy, 0210 nano-technology, business, Beam (structure)
Abstract

International audience; We report the first observation of single-shot soft x-ray laser induced desorption occurring below the ablation threshold in a thin layer of poly (methyl methacrylate) - PMMA. Irradiated by the focused beam from the Free-electron LASer in Hamburg (FLASH) at 21.7nm, the samples have been investigated by atomic-force microscope (AFM) enabling the visualization of mild surface modifications caused by the desorption. A model describing non-thermal desorption and ablation has been developed and used to analyze single-shot imprints in PMMA. An intermediate regime of materials removal has been found, confirming model predictions. We also report below-threshold multiple-shot desorption of PMMA induced by high-order harmonics (HOH) at 32nm. Short-time exposure imprints provide sufficient information about transverse beam profile in HOH's tight focus whereas long-time exposed PMMA exhibits radiation-initiated surface ardening making the beam profile measurement infeasible.

Published
2008
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16. Experimental results on advanced inertial fusion schemes obtained within the HiPER project

Author

Batani, Dimitri, Gizzi, Leonida A., Koester, Petra, Labate, Luca, Honrubia, Javier, Antonelli, Luca, Morace, Alessio, Volpe, Luca, Santos, Jorge J., Schurtz, Guy, Hulin, Sebastien, Ribeyre, Xavier, Nicolai, Philippe, Vauzour, Benjamin, fabien dorchies, Nazarov, Wiger, Pasley, John, Richetta, Maria, Lancaster, Kate, Spindloe, Christopher, Tolley, Martin, Neely, David, Kozlova, Michaela, Nejdl, Jaroslav, Rus, Bedrich, Wolowski, Jerzy, Badziak, Jan, Laboratoire d'optique appliquée (LOA), École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dipartimento di Fisica 'Giuseppe Occhialini' = Department of Physics 'Giuseppe Occhialini' [Milano-Bicocca], Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca [Milano] (UNIMIB), Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Central Laser Facility (CLF), STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)-Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Institute of Physics [Prague], Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Institute of Physics (PALS), Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca = University of Milano-Bicocca (UNIMIB), and Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[PHYS]Physics [physics], Risk, Short-pulse ultra-high-intensity laser, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, Shock ignition, Fast ignition, Inertial fusion, Condensed Matter Physics, Advanced ignition schemes, Cylindrical implosions, Propagation of fast electrons, Shock compressed matter, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality, Waste Management and Disposal, Instrumentation, advanced ignition schemes • fast ignition • shock ignition • inertial fusion • propagation of fast electrons • short-pulse ultra-high-intensity laser • shock compressed matter • cylindrical implosions, Physics::Plasma Physics, Reliability and Quality, Physics::Chemical Physics, Safety, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

This paper presents the results of experiments conducted within the Work Package 10 (fusion experimental programme) of the HiPER project. The aim of these experiments was to study the physics relevant for advanced ignition schemes for inertial confinement fusion, i.e. the fast ignition and the shock ignition. Such schemes allow to achieve a higher fusion gain compared to the indirect drive approach adopted in the National Ignition Facility in United States, which is important for the future inertial fusion energy reactors and for realising the inertial fusion with smaller facilities.

17. Focusing of millijoule picosecond K-alpha radiation from 100 TW laser-solid interaction

Author

Levy, A., Dorchies, F., patrick Audebert, Chalupsky, J., Hájková, V., Juha, L., Kaempfer, T., Sinn, H., Uschmann, I., Vysin, L., Gaudin, J., ONERA - The French Aerospace Lab [Châtillon], ONERA-Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des lasers intenses (LULI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Physics (PALS), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Czech Technical University in Prague (CTU), Advanced Photon Source [ANL] (APS), Argonne National Laboratory [Lemont] (ANL)-University of Chicago-US Department of Energy, X-ray Optics Croup Institute of Optics and Quantum Electronics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität = Friedrich Schiller University Jena [Jena, Germany], Airbus Group Innovations [Suresnes], Airbus [France], and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)

Subjects
[PHYS]Physics [physics], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience; no abstract

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