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134 results on '"Institute of Marine Research [Bergen] (IMR)"'

1. A review of Arctic-Subarctic ocean linkages: past changes, mechanisms and future projections

Author

Wang, Qiang, Shu, Qi, Wang, Shizhu, Beszczynska-Moeller, Agnieszka, Woodgate, Rebecca, Danilov, Sergey, de Steur, Laura, Karcher, Michael, Haine, Thomas, Lee, Craig, Myers, Paul, Polyakov, Igor, Provost, Christine, Skagseth, Oystein, Spreen, Gunnar, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), First Institute of Oceanography [Qingdao] (FIO), Ministry of Natural Resources of China, Institute of Oceanology, Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Applied Physics Laboratory [Seattle] (APL-UW), University of Washington [Seattle], Universität Bremen, Norwegian Polar Institute, Johns Hopkins University (JHU), Applied Physics, School of Applied Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University (RMIT University), University of Alberta, University of Alaska [Fairbanks] (UAF), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institute of Marine Research [Bergen] (IMR), and University of Bergen (UiB)

Subjects
[SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography
Abstract

International audience; Arctic Ocean gateway fluxes play a crucial role in linking the Arctic with the global ocean and affecting climate and marine ecosystems. We reviewed past studies on Arctic-Subarctic ocean linkages and examined their changes and driving mechanisms. Our review highlights that radical changes occurred in the inflows and outflows of the Arctic Ocean during the 2010s. Specifically, the Pacific inflow temperature in the Bering Strait and Atlantic inflow temperature in the Fram Strait hit record highs, while the Pacific inflow salinity in the Bering Strait and Arctic outflow salinity in the Davis and Fram straits hit record lows. Both the ocean heat convergence fromlower latitudes to the Arctic and the hydrological cycle connecting the Arctic with Subarctic seas were stronger in 2000–2020 than in 1980–2000. CMIP6 models project a continuing increase inpoleward ocean heat convergence in the 21st century, mainly due to warming of inflow waters. They also predict an increase in freshwater input to the Arctic Ocean, with the largest increase in freshwater export expected to occur in the Fram Strait due to both increased ocean volume export and decreased salinity. Fram Strait sea ice volume export hit a record low in the 2010s and is projected to continue to decrease along with Arctic sea ice decline. We quantitatively attribute the variability of the volume, heat and freshwater transports in the Arctic gateways to forcing within and outside the Arctic based on dedicated numerical simulations and emphasize the importance of both origins in driving the variability

Published
2023

2. Using correlative and mechanistic niche models to assess the sensitivity of the Antarctic echinoid Sterechinus neumayeri to climate change

Author

Charlène Guillaumot, Antonio Agüera, Salomé Fabri-Ruiz, Thomas Saucède, Bruno Danis, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Laboratoire de Biologie Marine (LBM), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Austevoll Research Station (IMR), Institute of Marine Research [Bergen] (IMR), University of Bergen (UiB)-University of Bergen (UiB), and Belgian Science Policy Office (BELSPO)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, biology, Ecology, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Species distribution, Niche, Climate change, Species distribution model, Context (language use), Marine life, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Environmental niche modelling, Ecological niche model, 13. Climate action, Spatial ecology, Dynamic energy budget, Sterechinus neumayeri, 14. Life underwater, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Sciences exactes et naturelles
Abstract

23 pages; International audience; The Southern Ocean is undergoing rapid environmental changes that are likely to have a profound impact on marine life, as organisms are adapted to sub-zero temperatures and display specific adaptations to polar conditions. However, species ecological and physiological responses to environmental changes remain poorly understood at large spatial scale owing to sparse observation data. In this context, correlative ecological niche modeling (ENMc) can prove useful. This approach is based on the correlation between species occurrences and environmental parameters to predict the potential species occupied space. However, this approach suffers from a series of limitations amongst which extrapolation and poor transferability performances in space and time. Mechanistic ecological niche modeling (ENMm) is a process-based approach that describes species functional traits in a dynamic environmental context and can therefore represent a complementary tool to understand processes that shape species distribution in a changing environment. In this study, we used both ENMc and ENMm projections to model the distribution of the Antarctic echinoid Sterechinus neumayeri. Both models were projected according to present (2005–2012) and future IPCC scenarios RCP 4.5 and 8.5 for (2050–2099). ENMc and ENMm projections are congruent and predict suitable current conditions for the species on the Antarctic shelf, in the Ross Sea and Prydz Bay areas. Unsuitable conditions are predicted in the northern Kerguelen Plateau and South Campbell Plateau due to observed lower food availability and higher sea water temperatures compared to other areas. In contrast, the two models diverge under future RCP 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios. According to ENMm projections, the species would not be able to grow nor reach sexual maturity over the entire ocean, whereas the Antarctic shelf is still projected as suitable by the ENMc. This study highlights the complementarity and relevance of EMN approaches to model large scale distribution patterns and assess species sensitivity and potential response to future environmental conditions.

Published
2021

3. Suitable habitats of fish species in the Barents Sea

Author

Anatoly Filin, Grégoire Certain, Bérengère Husson, Benjamin Planque, Laboratoire Environnement Profond (LEP), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Tromsø department (IMR), Institute of Marine Research [Bergen] (IMR), and University of Bergen (UiB)-University of Bergen (UiB)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, quantile regression, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, spatial-distribution, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, distributions, Species distribution, Climate change, limiting factors, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, generalized additive models, demersal fish, Abundance (ecology), 14. Life underwater, species shifts, environmental gradients, habitat suitability models, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Biomass (ecology), biology, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, environmental niche, distribution models, biology.organism_classification, climate change, Arctic, Habitat, Boreal, 13. Climate action, marine fish, climate-change, environmental drivers, Environmental science, species distribution, movement, ecology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Atlantic cod
Abstract

Many marine species are shifting their distribution poleward in response to climate change. The Barents Sea, as a doorstep to the fast-warming Arctic, is experiencing large scale changes in its environment and its communities. This paper aims at understanding what environmental predictors limit fish species habitats in the Barents Sea and discuss their possible evolution in response to the warming of the Arctic.Species distribution models usually aim at predicting the probability of presence or the average abundance of a species, conditional on environmental drivers. A complementary approach is to determine suitable habitats by modelling the upper limit of a species’ response to environmental factors. Using quantile regressions, we model the upper limit of biomass for 33 fish species in the Barents Sea in response to 10 environmental predictors. Boreal species are mainly limited by temperatures and most of them are expected to be able to expand their distribution in the Barents Sea when new thermally suitable habitats become available, in the limit of bathymetric constraints. Artic species are often limited by several predictors, mainly depth, bottom and surface temperature and ice cover, and future habitats are hard to predict qualitatively. Widespread species like the Atlantic cod are not strongly limited by the selected variables at the scale of the study, and current and future suitable habitats are harder to predict. These models can be used as input to integrative tools like end-to-end models on the habitat preference and tolerance at the species scale to inform resource management and conservation.

Published
2020

4. Agonistic and potentiating effects of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) on the Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (Ppars)

Author

Sofie Søderstrøm, Roger Lille-Langøy, Fekadu Yadetie, Mateusz Rauch, Ana Milinski, Annick Dejaegere, Roland H. Stote, Anders Goksøyr, Odd André Karlsen, Stote, Roland, University of Bergen (UiB), Institute of Marine Research [Bergen] (IMR), Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), and Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Fluorocarbons, PFAAs, [SDV.TOX.ECO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Ecotoxicology, PFNA, PFAS, PFOA, Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors, Ligands, Ppars, [SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, PFHxS, Alkanesulfonic Acids, Gadus morhua, PFOS, Animals, Environmental Pollutants, [SDV.TOX.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Ecotoxicology, Co-exposure, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Gonadal Steroid Hormones, Potentiation, General Environmental Science
Abstract

International audience; Toxicity mediated by per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), and especially perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs), has been linked to activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (Ppar) in many vertebrates. Here, we present the primary structures, phylogeny, and tissue-specific distributions of the Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) gmPpara1, gmPpara2, gmPparb, and gmPparg, and demonstrate that the carboxylic acids PFHxA, PFOA, PFNA, as well as the sulfonic acid PFHxS, activate gmPpara1 in vitro, which was also supported by in silico analyses. Intriguingly, a binary mixture of PFOA and the non-activating PFOS produced a higher activation of gmPpara1 compared to PFOA alone, suggesting that PFOS has a potentiating effect on receptor activation. Supporting the experimental data, docking and molecular dynamics simulations of single and double-ligand complexes led to the identification of a putative allosteric binding site, which upon binding of PFOS stabilizes an active conformation of gmPpara1. Notably, binary exposures of gmPpara1, gmPpara2, and gmPparb to model-agonists and PFAAs produced similar potentiating effects. This study provides novel mechanistic insights into how PFAAs may modulate the Ppar signaling pathway by either binding the canonical ligand-binding pocket or by interacting with an allosteric binding site. Thus, individual PFAAs, or mixtures, could potentially modulate the Pparsignaling pathway in Atlantic cod by interfering with at least one gmPpar subtype.

Published
2022

5. Rapid temporal decline of mercury in Greenland halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides)

Author

Arne Duinker, Michael S. Bank, Emmanuel Tessier, Bente M. Nilsen, David Amouroux, Sylvia Frantzen, Kjell Harald Nedreaas, Amund Maage, Austevoll Research Station (IMR), Institute of Marine Research [Bergen] (IMR), University of Bergen (UiB)-University of Bergen (UiB), University of Bergen (UiB), Institut des sciences analytiques et de physico-chimie pour l'environnement et les materiaux (IPREM), and Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Ocean, Food Chain, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Greenland, chemistry.chemical_element, Greenland halibut, Flounder, 010501 environmental sciences, Toxicology, Halibut, 01 natural sciences, Reinhardtius hippoglossoides, chemistry.chemical_compound, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, Animals, 14. Life underwater, Methylmercury, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Trophic level, Apex predator, Stable isotopes, biology, Nitrogen Isotopes, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Fishes, Bayes Theorem, General Medicine, Mercury, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, biology.organism_classification, Pollution, Bioaccumulation, Food web, Mercury (element), [CHIM.THEO]Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, [CHIM.POLY]Chemical Sciences/Polymers, chemistry, Seafood, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, Environmental science, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract

International audience; Mercury (Hg) pollution in the ocean is an issue of global concern, however bioaccumulation regimes of this ubiquitous pollutant in marine apex predators have important knowledge gaps. Our fish length and stable isotope (δ 15 N and δ 13 C) normalized data of Greenland halibut (GH) (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides) showed that Hg bioaccumulation in fillet tissue decreased by ~35-50 %, over a ten-year period from 2006 to 2015 (n = 7 individual sampling years). Hg was predominantly in the methylmercury form (>77 %). Results from a Bayesian information theoretic model showed that GH Hg concentrations decreased with time and its associated declines in Hg air emissions, estimated trophic position, and a potentially lower degree of demersal prey use as indicated by temporal trend shifts in nitrogen (δ 15 N) and carbon (δ 13 C) stable isotope values. GH trophic shifts accounted for about one third of the observed temporal reduction in Hg. Our study demonstrates the importance of simultaneously considering Hg emissions, food web dynamics and trophic shifts as important drivers of Hg bioaccumulation in a marine, deep water fish species and highlights the effectiveness of Hg regulations on ocean apex predator Hg concentrations and overall seafood safety.

Published
2021

6. Biomass of slow life history species increases as local bottom trawl effort decreases in the Celtic sea

Author

Sandrine Pavoine, Laurène Mérillet, Dorothée Kopp, Maud Mouchet, Marianne Robert, Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la COnservation (CESCO), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Marine Research [Bergen] (IMR), University of Bergen (UiB), Unité de recherche Sciences et Technologies Halieutiques (STH), and Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)

Subjects
Conservation of Natural Resources, Biological traits, Environmental Engineering, Celtic languages, 0208 environmental biotechnology, Fishing, Fisheries, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Elasmobranchs, 01 natural sciences, Life history theory, Pregnancy, Animals, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, Biomass, Life history, Waste Management and Disposal, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Biomass (ecology), biology, Fishes, Area closure, General Medicine, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Crustacean, Bottom trawling, Community weighted mean, 020801 environmental engineering, Fishery, 13. Climate action, Assembly processes, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, Female
Abstract

International audience; Due to its selective removal, fishing pressure has long influenced the dynamics of species based on their life history traits. Sensitivity to fishing increases along a "fast-to-slow" gradient of life history strategies, and the "slow" species (large, long-lived, late-maturing, giving birth to few large offspring) require the most time to recover from fishing. In the North East Atlantic, after having reached extreme levels, fishing pressure has decreased since the 1980's due to management measures such as total allowable catch (TAC) or area closure. An effect on the distribution of species as well as a potential recovery could be expected. However, temporal patterns of life history strategies are rarely linked to management measures. In addition, a larger emphasis is often put on exploited or emblematic sensitive species but rarely on assembly processes at the ecosystem scale (both commercial and non-commercial species). Based on a 17-year time series of 101 taxa (fishes, elasmobranchs, bivalves, cephalopods and crustaceans), we observed a negative relationship between the biomass of taxa sensitive to fishing and bottom trawling pressure, as well as an increase in their total biomass in the Celtic Sea. Over the whole area, stochasticity appeared as the dominant assembly process. Deterministic assembly processes were at play in the centre of the area where significant overdispersion (caused by the presence of both slow and fast taxa) were observed. The absence of sensitive taxa from the rest of the Celtic Sea appeared to be caused mainly by a historical effect of environmental filtering when fishing was high. At the local scale, we related the decrease in fishing pressure to the increase in biomass of five of the most sensitive taxa. This local decrease in fishing pressure, resulting from the implementation of an area closure, highlights the positive effect of such management measures in less than two decades.

Published
2021

7. Modelling chance and necessity in natural systems

Author

Benjamin Planque, Christian Mullon, Tromsø department (IMR), Institute of Marine Research [Bergen] (IMR), University of Bergen (UiB)-University of Bergen (UiB), MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, participatory modelling, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Computer science, chaos, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Natural (archaeology), viability theory, 14. Life underwater, marine ecosystems, uncertainty, comanagement, time, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, community management, food-web dynamics, recruitment, fisheries management, Risk analysis (engineering), chaos theory, nonlinear systems, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, constraints, complexity, parametric management
Abstract

Nearly 30 years ago, emerged the concept of deterministic chaos. With it came sensitivity to initial conditions, nonlinearities, and strange attractors. This constituted a paradigm shift that profoundly altered how numerical modellers approached dynamic systems. It also provided an opportunity to resolve a situation of mutual misunderstanding between scientists and non-scientists about uncertainties and predictability in natural systems. Our proposition is that this issue can be addressed in an original way which involves modelling based on the principles of chance and necessity (CaN). We outline the conceptual and mathematical principles of CaN models and present an application of the model to the Barents Sea food-web. Because CaN models rely on concepts easily grasped by all actors, because they are explicit about knowns and unknowns and because the interpretation of their results is simple without being prescriptive, they can be used in a context of participatory management. We propose that, three decades after the emergence of chaos theories, CaN can be a practical step to reconcile scientists and non-scientists around the modelling of structurally and dynamically complex natural systems, and significantly contribute to ecosystem-based fisheries management.

Published
2019

8. Determining natal origin for improved management of Atlantic bluefin tuna

Author

Jean-Marc Fromentin, John F. Walter, David E. Richardson, Fambaye N Sow, Matthew V. Lauretta, Işık Oray, Joseph M. Quattro, Noureddine Abid, José Luis Varela, Leif Nøttestad, Francisco Alemany, Simeon Deguara, Molly Lutcavage, Pedro J Pascual-Alayón, Miguel N. Santos, Nicolas Goñi, Yohei Tsukahara, Natalia Díaz-Arce, F. Saadet Karakulak, Jay R. Rooker, Alex Hanke, Naiara Rodríguez-Ezpeleta, Piero Addis, Haritz Arrizabalaga, Tomoyuki Itoh, James S. Franks, Igaratza Fraile, AZTI - Tecnalia, NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Texas A&M University [College Station], Institute of Marine Research [Bergen] (IMR), University of Bergen (UiB), Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO), Gulf Coast Research Laboratory, University of Southern Mississippi (USM), AquaBioTech Ltd, Universita degli Studi di Cagliari [Cagliari], Department of Biology [Univ. of Cadiz], University of Cadiz, Acadia University, Institut National de Recherche Halieutique de Tanger (INRH), Centro Oceanografico de Baleares (IEO), Centro Oceanografico de Baleares, Istanbul University, University of South Carolina [Columbia], Centre de Recherche Océanographique de Dakar-Thiaroye (CRODT), Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles [Dakar] (ISRA), National Research Institute of Far Seas Fisheries, National Research Institut of Far Seas Fisheries, Centro Oceanográfico de Canarias, IEO, Instituto Português de Investigação do Mar e da Atmosfera (IPMA), International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT), ICCAT, University of Massachusetts [Boston] (UMass Boston), University of Massachusetts System (UMASS), MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AquaBioTech Group [Malta], and Università degli Studi di Cagliari = University of Cagliari (UniCa)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Population, Sede Central IEO, Fish stock, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Mediterranean sea, Marine fisheries, 14. Life underwater, Population-structure, education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Stock (geology), 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, education.field_of_study, [SDV.GEN.GPO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Ecology, Fishery, [SDV.GEN.GA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Animal genetics, Natal homing, Geography, Sustainable management, [SDV.SA.STP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Sciences and technics of fishery, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Tuna
Abstract

Effective sustainable management of marine fisheries requires that assessed management units (that is, fish stocks) correspond to biological populations. This issue has long been discussed in the context of Atlantic bluefin tuna (ABFT, Thunnus thynnus) management, which currently considers two unmixed stocks but does not take into account how individuals born in each of the two main spawning grounds (Gulf of Mexico and Mediterranean Sea) mix in feeding aggregations throughout the Atlantic Ocean. Using thousands of genome-wide molecular markers obtained from larvae and young of the year collected at the species’ main spawning grounds, we provide what is, to the best of our knowledge, the first direct genetic evidence for “natal homing” in ABFT. This has facilitated the development of an accurate, cost-effective, and non-invasive tool for tracing the genetic origin of ABFT that allows for the assignment of catches to their population of origin, which is crucial for ensuring that ABFT management is based on biologically meaningful stock units rather than simply on catch location., Sí

Published
2019

9. Spawning energetics and otolith microchemistry provide insights into the stock structure of bonga shad Ethmalosa fimbriata

Author

Carola Wagner, Julian Döring, Werner Ekau, Patrice Brehmer, Maik Tiedemann, Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT), Institute of Marine Research [Bergen] (IMR), University of Bergen (UiB), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles [Dakar] (ISRA), European Project: 603521,EC:FP7:ENV,FP7-ENV-2013-two-stage,PREFACE(2013), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 01 natural sciences, stock discrimination, Regular Paper, fish assemblages, Ethmalosa fimbriata, Otolith, geography.geographical_feature_category, biology, Microchemistry, Reproduction, Energetics, Fishes, dynamics, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Senegal, medicine.anatomical_structure, fisheries management, Female, Estuaries, spawning components, reproductive-biology, Aquatic Science, estuary, salinity, Otolithic Membrane, upwelling center, [SDV.BA.ZV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Vertebrate Zoology, medicine, Animals, 14. Life underwater, oocyte, reproductive investment, inverse estuary, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, geography, variability, Clupeidae, ACL, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Regular Papers, Estuary, biology.organism_classification, Fishery, Quadratic discriminant function, 040102 fisheries, Energy density, identification, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Energy Metabolism
Abstract

WOS:000459212600005; International audience; The gross energy content of spawning batches and the microchemistry of sagittal otoliths in individual female bonga shad Ethmalosa fimbriata were compared between contrasting sampling sites at the Senegalese southern coast and inside the hypersaline Sine Saloum Estuary. Results show that females spawning in the estuary's middle reaches invested almost three times more energy into reproduction (115 ± 65 J g?1 body mass) than their neritic counterparts (39 ± 34 J g?1 body mass). Also, female otolith levels of Ba:Ca, Sr:Ca and Zn:Ca either differed significantly between study sites or could be linked to heterogeneous environmental variables. A quadratic discriminant function analysis provided evidence of segregated spawning populations of E. fimbriata in southern Senegalese waters.

Published
2019

10. THE ARCTIC MARINE FORECASTING CENTER IN THE FIRST COPERNICUS PERIOD

Author

Bertino, Laurent, Ali, A, Carrasco, A, Lien, Vidar, Melsom, Arne, Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center [Bergen] (NERSC), MET Norway, Bergen, MET Norway, Oslo, Institute of Marine Research [Bergen] (IMR), University of Bergen (UiB), Shom, Ifremer, EuroGOOS AISBL, and MORVAN, Gaël

Subjects
[SDE] Environmental Sciences, ocean forecasting, Arctic, biogeochemical model, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, wave model, sea ice model, data assimilation
Abstract

International audience; The period 2015-2021 has diversified the portfolio of modeling products dedicated to the Arctic. The addition of waves, tides and ocean carbon variables satisfy more adequately the users in the industry, academia and public sectors. Many validation metrics have also been introduced, providing more intuitive measures of the quality of the forecast. The resolution of several products has increased, particularly the horizontal resolution of the sea ice forecasts thanks to a stand-alone sea ice model based on a novel rheology. At the end of the Copernicus 1 period, physical and biogeochemical products come from different configurations of the TOPAZ model system, plus a stand-alone sea ice forecast from the neXtSIM model and forecast and hindcast from an Arctic configuration of the WAM wave model.

Published
2021

11. DÉVELOPPER LE SERVICE DE CLIMATOLOGIE MARINE EUROGOOS GRÂCE À UNE APPROCHE INTÉGRÉE DU SYSTÈME TERRESTRE

Author

She, Jun, Bethers, Uldis, Cardin, Vanessa, Christensen, Kai H., Dabrowski, Tomasz, Janssen, Frank, Haapala, Jari, Lars, Arneborg, Legrand, Sébastien, Lien, Vidar, Lips, Inga, Maar, Marie, Mader, Julien, Morucci, Sara, Novellino, Antonio, Orfila, Alejandro, Petihakis, George, Ruiz-Villarreal, Manuel, Staneva, Joanna, Triantafyllou, George, Danish Meteorological Institute (DMI), University of Latvia (LU), Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale - OGS, Trieste, Italy, Norwegian Meteorological Institute [Oslo] (MET), Marine Institute [Ireland], Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency [Hamburg] (BSH), Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure [Berlin] (BMVI), Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI), Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS), Institute of Marine Research [Bergen] (IMR), University of Bergen (UiB), Eurogoos, Aarhus University [Aarhus], AZTI-Tecnalia (Marine Research Division), AZTI-Tecnalia, Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale (ISPRA), ETT, Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avancats (IMEDEA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Universidad de las Islas Baleares (UIB), Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Málaga., Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Shom, Ifremer, and EuroGOOS AISBL

Subjects
marine resources, access, research, EuroGOOS, Green Deal, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, marine climate service, Climate change adaptation, earth system, climate change adaptation, environmental protection, wave energy
Abstract

International audience; The ocean is an important pathway to a low-carbon and climate resilient society, e.g. in areas of blue carbon, green shipping, offshore renewable energy, aquaculture, fishery and coastal adaptation. Currently, 26 EU member states have made their National Adaptation Strategy (NAS) and/or National Strategy Plan (NAP) which needs a strong climate information service. European Global Ocean Observing System (EuroGOOS) has a strategy to expand existing operational marine service to climate change in 2020-2030. As focal points of national marine, climate and/or weather services, ROOS (Regional Sea Operational Oceanographic System) members have extensive experiences in working with citizens, stakeholders and decision-makers at national, regional and municipality levels. This paper will review current marine climate service capacity in ROOS members, identify gaps in modelling, products and service, and propose a seamless earth system approach for developing EuroGOOS and ROOS marine climate service capacities.; L'océan est une voie importante vers une société à faible émission de carbone et résiliente au changement climatique, par exemple dans les domaines du carbone bleu, du transport maritime vert, des énergies renouvelables en mer, de l'aquaculture, de la pêche et de l'adaptation côtière. Actuellement, 26 États membres de l'UE ont élaboré leur stratégie nationale d'adaptation (NAS) et/ou leur plan stratégique national (NAP), ce qui nécessite un service d'information climatique solide. Le système européen d'observation des océans (EuroGOOS) a une stratégie pour étendre le service marin opérationnel existant au changement climatique en 2020-2030. En tant que points focaux des services marins, climatiques et/ou météorologiques nationaux, les membres du ROOS (Regional Sea Operational Oceanographic System) ont une grande expérience de la collaboration avec les citoyens, les parties prenantes et les décideurs aux niveaux national, régional et municipal. Ce document passe en revue les capacités actuelles des services de climatologie marine des membres du ROOS, identifie les lacunes en matière de modélisation, de produits et de services, et propose une approche de système terrestre homogène pour développer les capacités des services de climatologie marine d'EuroGOOS et du ROOS.

Published
2021

12. Joint temporal trends in river thermal and hydrological conditions can threaten the downstream migration of the critically endangered European eel

Author

Anthony Maire, Elorri Arevalo, Hilaire Drouineau, W. Russell Poole, Caroline M. F. Durif, Stéphane Tétard, Ola Håvard Diserud, Ecosystèmes aquatiques et changements globaux (UR EABX), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire National d’Hydraulique et Environnement (EDF R&D LNHE), EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF), Austevoll Research Station (IMR), Institute of Marine Research [Bergen] (IMR), University of Bergen (UiB)-University of Bergen (UiB), NORWEGIAN INSTITUTE FOR NATURE RESEARCH TRONDHEIM NOR, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), and MARINE INSTITUTE FURNACE NEWPORT CO MAYO IRELAND GBR

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, River water temperature, endocrine system, animal structures, Behavioural ecology, Science, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Climate Change, VDP::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480, Climate change, Animal migration, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Article, Critically endangered, Downstream (manufacturing), Rivers, Sargasso sea, Animals, 14. Life underwater, Multidisciplinary, Norway, Conservation biology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Endangered Species, Climate-change ecology, Temperature, Anguilla, Fishery, Habitat, Period (geology), Environmental science, VDP::Zoology and botany: 480, Medicine, Freshwater ecology, Ireland
Abstract

Climate change is modifying the hydrological and thermal regimes of rivers worldwide, threatening the triggering of organisms’ key life-cycle processes. European eel (Anguilla anguilla) is a critically endangered fish species that migrates over several thousand kilometres between its rearing habitats in continental waters of Europe and North Africa and its spawning area in the Sargasso Sea. Downstream migration of adult eels occurs during periods of decreasing river water temperature associated with high discharge but changes in these environmental cues may affected eel migratory conditions. An innovative multivariate method was developed to analyse long-term datasets of daily water temperature, discharge and eel passage in two European rivers. Over the past 50 years, water temperature and discharge increased in both rivers during the downstream migration period from August to November. Silver eels preferentially migrated at temperatures between 10 and 20 °C combined with high discharge. Environmental changes have resulted in the migration of silver eels under warmer water temperatures. This example illustrates how the changes in environmental cues have led to a growing mismatch between the migratory conditions preferentially selected and those actually used, which may threaten the completion of the eel’s life cycle and ultimately the persistence of this already critically endangered species.

Published
2021

13. Marine Citizen Science: Current State in Europe and New Technological Developments

Author

Carlos Garcia-Soto, Jan J. C. Seys, Oliver Zielinski, J. A. Busch, S. I. Luna, Jose Carlos Baez, C. Domegan, K. Dubsky, I. Kotynska-Zielinska, P. Loubat, Francesca Malfatti, G. Mannaerts, Patricia McHugh, P. Monestiez, Gro I. van der Meeren, G. Gorsky, University of the Basque Country [Bizkaia] (UPV/EHU), Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Künstliche Intelligenz GmbH = German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), University of Oldenburg, Universidad Autonoma de Chile, National University of Ireland [Galway] (NUI Galway), Trinity College Dublin, Ligue pour la Protection des Oiseaux (LPO), National Institute of Oceanography and Experimental Geophysics (OGS), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Marine Research [Bergen] (IMR), University of Bergen (UiB), Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Garcia-Soto, C., Seys, J. J. C., Zielinski, O., Busch, J. A., Luna, S. I., Baez, J. C., Domegan, C., Dubsky, K., Kotynska-Zielinska, I., Loubat, P., Malfatti, F., Mannaerts, G., Mchugh, P., Monestiez, P., van der Meeren, G. I., and Gorsky, G.

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Centro Oceanográfico de Santander, lcsh:QH1-199.5, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, media_common.quotation_subject, Big data, Ocean Engineering, drone, lcsh:General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, computer.software_genre, European seas, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, drones, State (polity), big data, marine citizen science, Political science, Citizen science, 14. Life underwater, Medio Marino, Duration (project management), lcsh:Science, North sea, Environmental planning, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology, media_common, Global and Planetary Change, business.industry, AI, DIY, inventory, smartphones, Mobile apps, Drone, European sea, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, lcsh:Q, Web service, business, computer
Abstract

Marine citizen science is emerging with promising opportunities for science, policy and public but there is still no comprehensive overview of the current state in Europe. Based on 127 projects identified for the North Sea area we estimate there might be as much as 500 marine and coastal citizen science projects running in Europe, i.e., one marine citizen science project per 85 km of coastline, with an exponential growth since 1990. Beach-based projects are more accessible and hence most popular (60% of the projects), and the mean duration of the projects is 18–20 years. Current trends, topics, organizers, aims, and types of programme in terms of participation are presented in this overview. Progress in marine citizen science is specially enabled and promoted through technological developments. Recent technological advances and best practise examples are provided here, untapping the potential of smart mobile apps, do-it-yourself (DIY) technologies, drones, and artificial intelligence (AI) web services, Support to the BLUEMED Initiative: Coordination of marine and maritime research and innovation activities in the Mediterranean, BLUEMED, SI

Published
2021

14. RADSex: A computational workflow to study sex determination using restriction site-associated DNA sequencing data

Author

Ørjan Karlsen, Susanne Kneitz, Rafael Henrique Nóbrega, Qiaowei Pan, Masatoshi Nakamoto, Elodie Jouanno, Thomas Desvignes, John H. Postlethwait, Ato Takanashi, Braedan M. McCluskey, Amaury Herpin, Matthias Stöck, Alvaro S. Roco, Boudjema Imarazene, Manfred Schartl, Zhongwei Wang, Mateus Contar Adolfi, Romain Feron, Catherine Wilson, Hugues Parrinello, Takashi Sakamoto, Ingo Braasch, Christophe Klopp, Marcos Antonio de Oliveira, Frederick W. Goetz, Harry William Detrich, Robert M. Waterhouse, Ming Wen, Yann Guiguen, Mari Kawaguchi, Angel Amores, Laurent Journot, Anna Wargelius, Verena A. Kottler, Kang Du, Jennifer L. Anderson, IINRAE, Univ Lausanne, Swiss Inst Bioinformat, Hunan Normal Univ, Uppsala Univ, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, Univ Wurzburg, Texas State Univ, Univ Oregon, NOAA, Sophia Univ, Northeastern Univ, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Tokyo Univ Marine Sci & Technol, Inst Marine Res, Chinese Acad Sci, IGB, Michigan State Univ, Laboratoire de Physiologie et Génomique des Poissons (LPGP), Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Université de Lausanne (UNIL), Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics [Lausanne] (SIB), State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan University [Changsha] (HNU), Department of Systematic Biology [Uppsala], Evolutionary Biology Centre (EBC), Uppsala University-Uppsala University, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Système d'Information des GENomes des Animaux d'Elevage (SIGENAE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Physiological Chemistry, Biocenter, University of Würzburg = Universität Würzburg, The Xiphophorus Genetic Stock Center, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, University of Oregon [Eugene], Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology (TUMSAT), Environmental and Fisheries Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Sophia University, Tokyo, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Marine Science Center, Northeastern University, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho = São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Marine Research [Bergen] (IMR), University of Bergen (UiB), Institute of Hydrobiology [Wuhan], Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, Michigan State University [East Lansing], Michigan State University System-Michigan State University System, This project was supported by funds from the 'Agence Nationale de la Recherche', the 'Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft' (ANR/DFG, PhyloSex project,2014-2016, SCHA 408/10-1, MS), the National Institutes of Health (USA) grant R01GM085318, JHP), and the National Science Foundation (USA) Office of Polar Programs (grants PLR-1247510 and PLR-1444167 to HWD and grant OPP-1543383 to JHP, TD, and HWD). The MGX core sequencing facility was supported by France Genomique National infrastructure, funded as part of 'Investissement d’avenir' program managed by Agence Nationale pour la Recherche (contract ANR-10-INBS-09). RF was partially supported by Swiss National Science Foundation grant PP00P3_170664 to RMW., ANR-13-ISV7-0005,PhyloSex,Evolution des déterminants majeurs du sexe chez les poissons.(2013), ANR-10-INBS-0009,France-Génomique,Organisation et montée en puissance d'une Infrastructure Nationale de Génomique(2010), Department of Ecology and Evolution [Lausanne], Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Sophia University [Tokyo], Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Department of Aquatic Marine Biosciences, Developmental Biochemistry, Biocenter, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg [Wurtzbourg, Allemagne] (JMU), and This project was supported by funds from the 'Agence Nationale de la Recherche', the 'Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft' (ANR/DFG, PhyloSex project, 2014-2016, SCHA 408/10-1, MS), the National Institutes of Health (USA) grants R01GM085318 and R35GM139635, JHP), and the National Science Foundation (USA) Office of Polar Programs (grants PLR-1247510 and PLR-1444167 to HWD and grant OPP-1543383 to JHP, TD, and HWD). The MGX core sequencing facility was supported by France Genomique National infrastructure, funded as part of 'Investissement d’avenir' program managed by Agence Nationale pour la Recherche (contract ANR-10-INBS-09). RF was partially supported by Swiss National Science Foundation grant PP00P3_170664 to RMW.

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Male, Sex Determination Analysis, Computer science, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], sex determination, Locus (genetics), Computational biology, Biology, Y chromosome, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Computational workflow, DNA sequencing, Article, Workflow, 03 medical and health sciences, Sex-determination system, Genetics, Animals, Sequencing, RAD&#8208, Computational Biology, DNA, Female, Fishes/genetics, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Sex Chromosomes, Software, RAD-Sequencing, computational workflow, fish, visualization, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, Visualization, 0303 health sciences, Fishes, Japanese Medaka, Sex determination, Restriction site, 030104 developmental biology, Fish, Identification (biology), Biotechnology
Abstract

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T11:54:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-03-09 National Institute of Health (USA) Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft National Science Foundation (USA) Office of Polar Programs Agence Nationale de la Recherche Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Forderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung The study of sex determination and sex chromosome organization in nonmodel species has long been technically challenging, but new sequencing methodologies now enable precise and high-throughput identification of sex-specific genomic sequences. In particular, restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RAD-Seq) is being extensively applied to explore sex determination systems in many plant and animal species. However, software specifically designed to search for and visualize sex-biased markers using RAD-Seq data is lacking. Here, we present RADSex, a computational analysis workflow designed to study the genetic basis of sex determination using RAD-Seq data. RADSex is simple to use, requires few computational resources, makes no prior assumptions about the type of sex-determination system or structure of the sex locus, and offers convenient visualization through a dedicated R package. To demonstrate the functionality of RADSex, we re-analysed a published data set of Japanese medaka, Oryzias latipes, where we uncovered a previously unknown Y chromosome polymorphism. We then used RADSex to analyse new RAD-Seq data sets from 15 fish species spanning multiple taxonomic orders. We identified the sex determination system and sex-specific markers in six of these species, five of which had no known sex-markers prior to this study. We show that RADSex greatly facilitates the study of sex determination systems in nonmodel species thanks to its speed of analyses, low resource usage, ease of application and visualization options. Furthermore, our analysis of new data sets from 15 species provides new insights on sex determination in fish. IINRAE, LPGP, Rennes, France Univ Lausanne, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Lausanne, Switzerland Swiss Inst Bioinformat, Lausanne, Switzerland Hunan Normal Univ, Coll Life Sci, State Key Lab Dev Biol Freshwater Fish, Changsha, Peoples R China Uppsala Univ, Dept Organismal Biol, Systemat Biol, Uppsala, Sweden Univ Montpellier, Inst Genom Fonct, INSERM, IGF,CNRS, Montpellier, France INRAE, Math & Informat Appl Toulouse, SIGENAE, Castanet Tolosan, France Univ Wurzburg, Physiol Chem, Bioctr, Wurzburg, Germany Texas State Univ, Xiphophorus Genet Stock Ctr, Dept Chem & Biochem, San Marcos, TX USA Univ Wurzburg, Dev Biochem, Bioctr, Wurzburg, Germany Univ Oregon, Inst Neurosci, Eugene, OR USA NOAA, Environm & Fisheries Sci Div, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA USA Sophia Univ, Fac Sci & Technol, Dept Mat & Life Sci, Tokyo, Japan Northeastern Univ, Ctr Marine Sci, Dept Marine & Environm Sci, Nahant, MA 01908 USA Sao Paulo State Univ, Inst Biosci, Dept Struct & Funct Biol, Reprod & Mol Biol Grp, Botucatu, SP, Brazil Tokyo Univ Marine Sci & Technol, Dept Aquat Marine Biosci, Tokyo, Japan Inst Marine Res, Bergen, Norway Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Hydrobiol, Beijing, Peoples R China IGB, Leibniz Inst Freshwater Ecol & Inland Fishe, Berlin, Germany Michigan State Univ, Dept Integrat Biol, Ecol Evolut & Behav Program, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA Sao Paulo State Univ, Inst Biosci, Dept Struct & Funct Biol, Reprod & Mol Biol Grp, Botucatu, SP, Brazil National Institute of Health (USA): R01GM085318 National Institute of Health (USA): R35GM139635 Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft: SCHA 408/10-1 National Science Foundation (USA) Office of Polar Programs: OPP-1543383 National Science Foundation (USA) Office of Polar Programs: PLR-1247510 National Science Foundation (USA) Office of Polar Programs: PLR-1444167 Agence Nationale de la Recherche: SCHA 408/10-1 Agence Nationale de la Recherche: ANR-10-INBS-09 Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Forderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung: PP00P3_170664

Published
2021

15. Indication that the behavioural responses of humpback whales to killer whale sounds are influenced by trophic relationships

Author

Charlotte Curé, Patrick J. O. Miller, Martin Biuw, Benjamin Benti, University of St Andrews. Sea Mammal Research Unit, University of St Andrews. Marine Alliance for Science & Technology Scotland, University of St Andrews. Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews. Institute of Behavioural and Neural Sciences, University of St Andrews. Centre for Social Learning & Cognitive Evolution, University of St Andrews. School of Biology, University of St Andrews. Bioacoustics group, Unité Mixte de Recherche en Acoustique Environnementale (UMRAE ), Centre d'Etudes et d'Expertise sur les Risques, l'Environnement, la Mobilité et l'Aménagement (Cerema)-Université Gustave Eiffel, University of Saint Andrews, Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly] (PRC), Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institute of Marine Research [Bergen] (IMR), and University of Bergen (UiB)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Killer whale, Playback, Norwegian, Aquatic Science, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Sonar, Humpback whale, biology.animal, ACLI, 14. Life underwater, SDG 14 - Life Below Water, Naval research, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Trophic level, MCC, QL, Cerema, Ecology, biology, Whale, Orcinus orca, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, DAS, QL Zoology, biology.organism_classification, Trophic relationship, language.human_language, [PHYS.MECA.ACOU]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Acoustics [physics.class-ph], Fishery, Navy, Impact, Geography, International, Megaptera novaeangliae, language, Christian ministry, Acoustic eavesdropping
Abstract

Funding: This research has been part of the 3S (Sea mammals, Sonar, Safety) project funded by the US Office of Naval Research, the Royal Norwegian Navy, the Norwegian Ministry of Defence, the Defence Research and Development Department of the Netherlands Ministry of Defence, and the French Ministry of Defence (DGA). Eavesdropping, the detection of communication signals by unintended receivers, can be beneficial in predator-prey interactions, competition, and cooperation. The cosmopolitan killer whale Orcinus orca has diverged into several ecotypes which exhibit specialised diets and different vocal behaviours. These ecotypes have diverse ecological relationships with other marine mammal species, and sound could be a reliable sensory modality for eavesdroppers to discriminate between ecotypes and thereby respond adaptively. Here, we tested whether humpback whales Megaptera novaeangliae in the Northeast Atlantic responded differently to playback of the sounds of 2 killer whale ecotypes, Northeast Atlantic herring-feeding killer whales representing food competitors and Northeast Pacific mammal-eating killer whales simulating potential predators. We used animal-borne tags and surface visual observations to monitor the behaviour of humpback whales throughout the playback experiments. Humpback whales clearly approached the source of herring-feeding killer whale sounds (5 of 6 cases), suggesting a ‘dinner-bell’ attraction effect. Responses to mammal-eating killer whale sounds varied with the context of presentation: playback elicited strong avoidance responses by humpback whales in offshore waters during summer (7 of 8 cases), whereas the whales either approached (2 of 4 cases) or avoided (2 of 4 cases) the sound source in inshore waters during winter. These results indicate that humpback whales may be able to functionally discriminate between the sounds of different killer whale ecotypes. Acoustic discrimination of heterospecific sounds may be widespread among marine mammals, suggesting that marine mammals could rely on eavesdropping as a primary source of information to make decisions during heterospecific encounters. Publisher PDF

Published
2021

16. Long-term effect of parental selenium supplementation on the one-carbon metabolism in rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) fry exposed to hypoxic stress

Author

Cécile Heraud, Stéphanie Fontagné-Dicharry, Pauline Wischhusen, Sadasivam Kaushik, Kaja H. Skjærven, Benoit Fauconneau, Philip Antony Jesu Prabhu, Nutrition, Métabolisme, Aquaculture (NuMéA), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institute of Marine Research [Bergen] (IMR), University of Bergen (UiB), I-site E2S: Energy and Environment Solutions from the University of Pau and Pays de l’Adour, UPPA contract 2017-17 (P.W., PhD fellowship) and UPPA contract 2018-178 (P.W., Research mobility grant), Institute of Marine Research (IMR) (ParSel Project no. 15329), and Adisseo France SAS (SelGen contract no. 22001062 labelled by the Institut Carnot France Futur Elevage IC-F2E)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Homocysteine, Medicine (miscellaneous), chemistry.chemical_element, Broodstock, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Animal science, selenium, Nutrition and Dietetics, biology, hypoxia, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, Glutathione, Metabolism, one-carbon metabolism, Cystathionine beta synthase, rainbow trout, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, Adenosylmethionine decarboxylase, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, biology.protein, Rainbow trout, nutritional programming, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, Selenium
Abstract

This study evaluated how different forms of selenium (Se) supplementation into rainbow trout broodstock diets modified the one-carbon metabolism of the progeny after the beginning of exogenous feeding and followed by hypoxia challenge. The progeny of three groups of rainbow trout broodstock fed either a control diet (Se level: 0·3 µg/g) or a diet supplemented with inorganic sodium selenite (Se level: 0·6 µg/g) or organic hydroxy-selenomethionine (Se level: 0·6 µg/g) was cross-fed with diets of similar Se composition for 11 weeks. Offspring were sampled either before or after being subjected to an acute hypoxic stress (1·7 mg/l dissolved oxygen) for 30 min. In normoxic fry, parental Se supplementation allowed higher glutathione levels compared with fry originating from parents fed the control diet. Parental hydroxy-selenomethionine treatment also increased cysteine and cysteinyl–glycine concentrations in fry. Dietary Se supplementation decreased glutamate–cysteine ligase (cgl) mRNA levels. Hydroxy-selenomethionine feeding also lowered the levels of some essential free amino acids in muscle tissue. Supplementation of organic Se to parents and fry reduced betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase (bhmt) expression in fry. The hypoxic stress decreased whole-body homocysteine, cysteine, cysteinyl-glycine and glutathione levels. Together with the higher mRNA levels of cystathionine beta-synthase (cbs), a transsulphuration enzyme, this suggests that under hypoxia, glutathione synthesis through transsulphuration might have been impaired by depletion of a glutathione precursor. In stressed fry, S-adenosylmethionine levels were significantly decreased, but S-adenosylhomocysteine remained stable. Decreased bhmt and adenosylmethionine decarboxylase 1a (amd1a) mRNA levels in stressed fry suggest a nutritional programming by parental Se also on methionine metabolism of rainbow trout.

Published
2021

17. Knock out of specific maternal vitellogenins in zebrafish (Danio rerio) evokes vital changes in egg proteomic profiles that resemble the phenotype of poor quality eggs

Author

Charles Pineau, Emmanuelle Com, Ozlem Yilmaz, Julien Bobe, Amélie Patinote, Laboratoire de Physiologie et Génomique des Poissons (LPGP), Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Austevoll Research Station (IMR), Institute of Marine Research [Bergen] (IMR), University of Bergen (UiB)-University of Bergen (UiB), Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Proteomics Core Facility (Protim), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Plateforme Génomique Santé Biogenouest®, Region Bretagne, ANR-13-BSV7-0015,Maternal Legacy,Portait moléculaire d'un oeuf de poisson de bonne qualité(2013), European Project: 626272,EC:FP7:PEOPLE,FP7-PEOPLE-2013-IEF,FISHEGG(2015), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Université de Rennes (UR)-Plateforme Génomique Santé Biogenouest®, Malbec, Odile, Blanc 2013 - Portait moléculaire d'un oeuf de poisson de bonne qualité - - Maternal Legacy2013 - ANR-13-BSV7-0015 - Blanc 2013 - VALID, and Proteomic Profiling and Knock-out Analysis of Key Components of the Zebrafish Egg: Discovering Vitellogenin Contributions to Fish Egg Quality - FISHEGG - - EC:FP7:PEOPLE2015-03-01 - 2017-02-28 - 626272 - VALID

Subjects
Proteomics, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Danio, Vitellogenin, Biology, QH426-470, 03 medical and health sciences, Vitellogenins, 0302 clinical medicine, Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Genetics, Animals, Humans, LC-MS/MS, Zebrafish, CRISPR/Cas9, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Endoplasmic reticulum, Research, Neurodegenerative Diseases, Zebrafish Proteins, biology.organism_classification, Cell biology, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Phenotype, Knock-out, Proteome, biology.protein, Maternal to zygotic transition, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, TP248.13-248.65, Egg quality, Biotechnology, Chromatography, Liquid
Abstract

Background We previously reported the results of CRISPR/Cas9 knock-out (KO) of type-I and type-III vitellogenins (Vtgs) in zebrafish, which provided the first experimental evidence on essentiality and disparate functioning of Vtgs at different stages during early development. However, the specific contributions of different types of Vtg to major cellular processes remained to be investigated. The present study employed liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to meet this deficit. Proteomic profiles of zebrafish eggs lacking three type-I Vtgs simultaneously (vtg1-KO), or lacking only type III Vtg (vtg3-KO) were compared to those of wild type (Wt) eggs. Obtained spectra were searched against a zebrafish proteome database and identified proteins were quantified based on normalized spectral counts. Results The vtg-KO caused severe changes in the proteome of 1-cell stage zebrafish eggs. These changes were disclosed by molecular signatures that highly resembled the proteomic phenotype of poor quality zebrafish eggs reported in our prior studies. Proteomic profiles of vtg-KO eggs and perturbations in abundances of hundreds of proteins revealed unique, noncompensable contributions of multiple Vtgs to protein and in energy homeostasis. The lack of this contribution appears to have a significant impact on endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrial functions, and thus embryonic development, even after zygotic genome activation. Increased endoplasmic reticulum stress, Redox/Detox activities, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, enrichment in cellular proliferation and in human neurodegenerative disease related activities in both vtg1- and vtg3-KO eggs were found to be indicators of the aforementioned conditions. Distinctive increase in apoptosis and Parkinson disease pathways, as well as the decrease in lipid metabolism related activities in vtg3-KO eggs implies compelling roles of Vtg3, the least abundant form of Vtgs in vertebrate eggs, in mitochondrial activities. Several differentially abundant proteins representing the altered molecular mechanisms have been identified as strong candidate markers for studying the details of these mechanisms during early embryonic development in zebrafish and possibly other vertebrates. Conclusions These findings indicate that the global egg proteome is subject to extensive modification depending on the presence or absence of specific Vtgs and that these modifications can have a major impact on developmental competence.

Published
2021

18. Long-term monitoring of a brown trout (Salmo trutta) population reveals kin-associated migration patterns and contributions by resident trout to the anadromous run

Author

Øystein Skaala, Aurélien Delaval, Geir Dahle, Michael Møller Hansen, Eloïse Duval, María Quintela, Vidar Wennevik, Kevin A. Glover, Aarhus University [Aarhus], Institute of Marine Research [Bergen] (IMR), and University of Bergen (UiB)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Evolution, Trout, Population, Zoology, Aquaculture, Parentage assignment, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Partial migration, 03 medical and health sciences, Brown trout, Effective population size, Sibship reconstruction, Rivers, Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480::Økologi: 488 [VDP], QH359-425, Animals, Humans, Salmo trutta, 14. Life underwater, Salmo, education, QH540-549.5, education.field_of_study, Fish migration, Ecology, biology, business.industry, Research, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, 030104 developmental biology, Life-history types, Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Basale biofag: 470::Genetikk og genomikk: 474 [VDP], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Animal Migration, Female, Estuaries, business, Migration timing
Abstract

Background In species showing partial migration, as is the case for many salmonid fishes, it is important to assess how anthropogenic pressure experienced by migrating individuals affects the total population. We focused on brown trout (Salmo trutta) from the Guddal River in the Norwegian Hardanger Fjord system, which encompasses both resident and anadromous individuals. Aquaculture has led to increased anthropogenic pressure on brown trout during the marine phase in this region. Fish traps in the Guddal River allow for sampling all ascending anadromous spawners and descending smolts. We analyzed microsatellite DNA markers from all individuals ascending in 2006–2016, along with all emigrating smolts in 2017. We investigated (1) if there was evidence for declines in census numbers and effective population size during that period, (2) if there was association between kinship and migration timing in smolts and anadromous adults, and (3) to what extent resident trout were parents of outmigrating smolts. Results Census counts of anadromous spawners showed no evidence for a decline from 2006 to 2016, but were lower than in 2000–2005. Estimates of effective population size also showed no trends of declines during the study period. Sibship reconstruction of the 2017 smolt run showed significant association between kinship and migration timing, and a similar association was indicated in anadromous spawners. Parentage assignment of 2017 smolts with ascending anadromous trout as candidate parents, and assuming that unknown parents represented resident trout, showed that 70% of smolts had at least one resident parent and 24% had two resident parents. Conclusions The results bear evidence of a population that after an initial decline has stabilized at a lower number of anadromous spawners. The significant association between kinship and migration timing in smolts suggests that specific episodes of elevated mortality in the sea could disproportionally affect some families and reduce overall effective population size. Finally, the results based on parentage assignment demonstrate a strong buffering effect of resident trout in case of elevated marine mortality affecting anadromous trout, but also highlight that increased mortality of anadromous trout, most of which are females, may lower overall production in the system.

Published
2021

19. PRODUITS DE DONNÉES SEADATACLOUD POUR LES MERS MARGINALES EUROPÉENNES ET L'OCÉAN MONDIAL

Author

Simoncelli Simona, Christine COATANOAN, Myroshnychenko Volodymyr, Back Orjan, Sagen Helge, Scory Serge, Oliveri Paolo, Shahzadi Kanwal, Pinardi Nadia, Barth Alexander, Troupin Charles, Schlitzer Reiner, Michèle Fichaut, Schaap Dick, Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia - Sezione di Palermo (INGV), Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, IFREMER (IDM), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Middle East Technical University [Ankara] (METU), Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI), Institute of Marine Research [Bergen] (IMR), University of Bergen (UiB), Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS), Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia - Sezione di Bologna (INGV), Ocean Predictions and Applications Division, Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici, Italy, GHER, Université de Liège, Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), MARIS, Shom, Ifremer, and EuroGOOS AISBL

Subjects
co-production, aggregated datasets, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, climatologies, quality assurance, data value chain
Abstract

International audience; Data products, based on in situ temperature and salinity observations from SeaDataNetinfrastructure, have been released within the framework of SeaDataCloud (SDC)project. The data from different data providers are integrated and harmonized thanksto standardized quality assurance and quality control methodologies conducted at various stages of the data value chain. The data ingested within SeaDataNet are earlier validated by data providers who assign corresponding quality fl ags, but a Quality Assurance Strategy has been implemented and progressively refi ned to guarantee the consistency of the database content and high quality derived products. Two versions of aggregated datasets for the European marginal seas have been published and used to compute regional high resolution climatologies. External datasets, the World Ocean Database from NOAA and the CORA dataset from the Copernicus Marine Service in situ Thematic Assembly Center, have been integrated with SDC data collections to maximize data coverage and minimize the mapping error. The products are available through the SDC catalogue accompanied by Product Information Documents containing the specifi cations about product’s generation, characteristics and usability. Digital Object Identifiers are assigned to products and relative documentation to foster transparency of the production chain, acknowledging all actors involved from data providers to information producers.; Des produits de données, basés sur les observations in situ de température et de salinité de l'infrastructure SeaDataNet, ont été publiés dans le cadre du projet SeaDataCloud (SDC). Les données provenant de différents fournisseurs de données sont intégrées et harmonisées grâce à des méthodologies normalisées d'assurance et de contrôle de la qualité menées à différentes étapes de la chaîne de valeur des données. Les données ingérées dans SeaDataNet sont préalablement validées par les fournisseurs de données qui attribuent les fl ags de qualité correspondants, mais une stratégie d'assurance qualité a été mise en œuvre et progressivement réajustée pour garantir la cohérence du contenu de la base de données et des produits dérivés de haute qualité. Deux versions de jeux de données agrégées pour les mers marginales européennes ont été publiées et utilisées pour calculer des climatologies régionales à haute résolution. Des jeux de données externes, la World Ocean Database de la NOAA et le jeu de données CORA du Copernicus Marine Service in situ Thematic Assembly Center, ont été intégrés aux collections de données de la DDC afin de maximiser la couverture des données et de minimiser l'erreur de cartographie. Les produits sont disponibles dans le catalogue de la DDC, accompagnés de documents d'information sur les produits contenant des spécifications sur la génération, les caractéristiques et l'utilisation des produits. Des identifiants d'objets numériques sont attribués aux produits et à la documentation correspondante afin de favoriser la transparence de la chaîne de production, en reconnaissant tous les acteurs impliqués, des fournisseurs de données aux producteurs d'informations. fournisseurs de données aux producteurs d'informations.

Published
2021

20. ICES. 2021. Working Group on North Atlantic Salmon ( WGNAS)

Author

April, Julien, Bardarson, Hlynur, Ahlbeck-Bergendahl, Ida, Bolstad, Geir H., Breau, Cindy, Buoro, Mathieu, Camara, Karin, Chaput, Gerald, Cooper, Anne, Dauphin, Guillaume, Ensing, Dennis, Erkinaro, Jaakko, Fiske, Peder, Freese, Marko, Gillson, Jonathan, Gregory, Stephen, Hanson, Nora, Jepsen, Niels, Kelly, Nicholas, Kenyon, Wendy, Maxwell, Hugo, Meerburg, David, Millane, Michael, Nygaard, Rasmus, Ounsley, James, Patin, Rémi, Prusov, Sergey, Raab, Dustin, Rivot, Etienne, Robertson, Martha, Sheehan, Timothy, Tallman, Ross, Walker, Alan, Wennevik, Vidar, Ministere des Forets, de la Faune et des Parcs du Quebec, Quebec, QC, Canada, Marine and Freshwater Research Institute, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO), Ecologie Comportementale et Biologie des Populations de Poissons (ECOBIOP), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), pôle OFB-INRAE- Agrocampus Ouest-UPPA pour la gestion des migrateurs amphihalins dans leur environnement, AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Office français de la biodiversité (OFB), LANUV NRW KIRCHHUNDEM ALBAUM DEU, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), International Council for the Exploration of the Sea, Partenaires INRAE, Agri Food & Biosciences Institute - AFBI, Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Thünen Institute, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science [Lowestoft] (CEFAS), Salmon and Trout Research Centre, Game and Wildlife Conservation Trust, The Game and Wildlife Conservation Trust, Marine Scotland, DTU Aqua, National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU), North Atlantic Salmon Conservation Organization, Marine Institute [Ireland], Atlantic Salmon Federation, Inland Fisheries Ireland, Greenland Institute for Natural Resources (GINR), Écologie et santé des écosystèmes (ESE), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography, NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Institute of Marine Research [Bergen] (IMR), and University of Bergen (UiB)

Subjects
[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2021

21. Spatial and seasonal variability of mixed layer depth in the tropical Atlantic at 10 °W using 40 years of observation data

Author

Kouame, K.D., Kouassi, A.M., Trokourey, A., Toualy, E., N'guessan, B.K., Brehmer, Patrice, Ostrowski, M., Centre de Recherches Océanologiques [Abidjan] (CRO), Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny (UFHB), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Marine Research [Bergen] (IMR), University of Bergen (UiB), Data analysis was done inside the PREFACE project funded by the European Commission’s Seventh Framework Program (2007-2013) under Grant Agreement number 603521, https://preface.b.uib.no/ and the AWA project (Ecosystem Approach to the management of fisheries and the marine environment in West African waters) funded by IRD and the BMBF (grant 01DG12073E). We acknowledge the PIRATA Project for providing open access to PIRATA data., European Project: 603521,EC:FP7:ENV,FP7-ENV-2013-two-stage,PREFACE(2013), HORIZON, IRD, Enhancing prediction of tropical Atlantic climate and its impacts - PREFACE - - EC:FP7:ENV2013-11-01 - 2017-10-31 - 603521 - VALID, and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDU.STU.OC] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, ACLN, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, ATLANTIQUE
Abstract

The spatial and seasonal variability of the mixed layer depth (MLD) was studied using hydrological data from several databases collected over the period October 1973 to March 2017 at 10 °W between latitudes 2 °N and 10 °S in the Gulf of Guinea. The density threshold method with 0.03 kg m-3 criterion was used to calculate the MLD. In the equatorial band, the seasonal average MLD is 20 m whatever the season. At 6 °S and 10 °S, the MLD is relatively higher during the cold season. The MLD varies between 21 and 37 m at 6 °S, and the seasonal averages MLD are 21 and 40 m respectively during the hot and cold seasons. At 10 °S, during the hot season, the MLD varies between 28 and 52 m and the seasonal average is 39.5 m. During the cold season, the MLD varies between 45 and 55 m with a seasonal average of 49 m.

Published
2021

22. Investigation by mass spectrometry and 32P post-labelling of DNA adducts formation from 1,2-naphthoquinone, an oxydated metabolite of naphthalene

Author

Isabelle Vaudorne, Victor Babin, Claire Lopez-Piffet, Stéphanie Lagadu, Adeline Clergé, Thomas Cailly, Raphaël Delépée, Sonnich Meier, Jérémie Le Goff, Centre d'Etudes et de Recherche sur le Médicament de Normandie (CERMN), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Aliments Bioprocédés Toxicologie Environnements (ABTE), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU), ADn'tox, Institute of Marine Research [Bergen] (IMR), and University of Bergen (UiB)

Subjects
Environmental Engineering, Stereochemistry, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Metabolite, 0208 environmental biotechnology, Deamination, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, Tandem mass spectrometry, 01 natural sciences, High-performance liquid chromatography, chemistry.chemical_compound, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, Environmental Chemistry, Deoxyguanosine, Carcinogen, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Naphthalene, Chemistry, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, General Medicine, General Chemistry, 1,2-Naphthoquinone, Pollution, 3. Good health, 020801 environmental engineering
Abstract

International audience; Naphthalene is the simplest representative of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). It is detected as major pollutant in the different compartments of the environment. This compound is considered by the international agency for research on cancer (IARC), the specialized cancer agency of the World Health Organisation (WHO), as a possible carcinogenic (group 2B) since 2002, mainly based on studies on chronic inhalation in rodent by the national toxicology program of the U.S. department of health and human services. In humans, its main metabolites correspond to derivatives substituted in position and 1 and 2 as 1,2-naphthoquinone (1,2-NphQ). Based on previous studies, 1,2-NphQ is supposed to react with DNA to form mostly depurinating adducts, a possible initiating step of carcinogenicity. To confirm this potentiality, adducts were synthetized by the reaction of 1,2-NphQ with 2'-deoxyguanosine (2'-dG) in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), water and calf thymus DNA. 2'-dG adducts were analyzed by 32P post-labelling, HPLC with ultra-violet detection and ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). We found stable DNA adducts detected in DNA. We proposed a formation mechanism by a 1,4-Michael addition with 2'-dG. Adducts with 2'-deoxyxanthosine are formed after a spontaneous deamination of 2'-dG. These adducts are good candidates as biomarkers allowing evaluation of exposure to naphthalene and its derivatives in the development of pathologies such as cancer

Published
2021

23. Are we ready to track climate-driven shifts in marine species across international boundaries? - A global survey of scientific bottom trawl data

Author

Marcos Llope, Evangelos Tzanatos, Vladimir Kulik, Laurene Pecuchet, Renato Guevara-Carrasco, Didier Jouffre, Helle Torp Christensen, Arnaud Auber, Itai van Rijn, Hicham Masski, Tarek Hattab, Jonathan Belmaker, Manuel Hidalgo, Matthew McLean, Jacqueline Palacios León, Esther Román-Marcote, Helle Siegstad, Richard J. Bell, Nancy L. Shackell, Tracey P. Fairweather, Sean C. Anderson, Luis A. Cubillos, Ian Knuckey, Richard L. O'Driscoll, Margrete Emblemsvåg, Mariano Koen-Alonso, Henrik Gislason, Oren Sonin, Heino O. Fock, Jorge E. Ramos, Cecilia A. O'Leary, Jérôme Guitton, Matt Koopman, Paul A.M. van Zwieten, Bastien Mérigot, Francis K. E. Nunoo, Ingrid Spies, Kevin D. Friedland, Mohamed Lamine Camara, Johannes N. Kathena, Beyah Meissa, Fabrice Stephenson, Ya’arit Levitt-Barmats, Romain Frelat, Aurore Maureaud, Menachem Goren, Alexander Arkhipkin, Laurène Mérillet, Hamet Diaw Diadhiou, James T. Thorson, Daniela V. Yepsen, Malin L. Pinsky, Wahid Refes, Kofi Amador, Iça Barri, Vesselina Mihneva, G. Tserpes, Didier Gascuel, Elitsa Petrova, Saïkou Oumar Kidé, Esther Beukhof, Billy Ernst, Camilo B. García, Feriha Tserkova, Martin Lindegren, Paraskevas Vasilakopoulos, Petur Steingrund, Jón Sólmundsson, Félix Massiot-Granier, Philippe Ziegler, Nir Stern, Ignacio Sobrino, Jason Conner, Junghwa Choi, Dori Edelist, DTU Centre for Ocean Life, Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Directorate of Natural Resources - Fisheries of the Falkland Islands Government, Laboratoire Ressources halieutiques Manche Mer du nord, IFREMER Centre Manche Mer du Nord, (HMMN), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Tel Aviv University [Tel Aviv], Universidad de Concepción - University of Concepcion [Chile], Thünen Institute, Écologie et santé des écosystèmes (ESE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), DTU Aqua, National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (UNICANCER/CRCL), Centre Léon Bérard [Lyon]-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Léon Bérard [Lyon], Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Dalhousie University [Halifax], Institut Mauritanien de Recherches Océanographiques et des Pêches (IMROP), Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la COnservation (CESCO), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Marine Research [Bergen] (IMR), University of Bergen (UiB), Unité de recherche Sciences et Technologies Halieutiques (STH), University of Ghana, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences de la Mer et de l'Aménagement du Littoral (ESSMAL), Australian Antarctic Division (AAD), Australian Government, Department of the Environment and Energy, AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Ressources halieutiques Boulogne sur mer (LRHBL), Halieutique Manche Mer du Nord (HMMN), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Tel Aviv University (TAU), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest, Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), and Sciences et Technologies Halieutiques (STH)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, VDP::Mathematics and natural scienses: 400::Zoology and botany: 480::Marine biology: 497, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Range (biology), Global data synthesis, Species distribution, global data synthesis, 01 natural sciences, transboundary conservation, Aquaculture and Fisheries, Surveys and Questionnaires, open science, SDG 13 - Climate Action, Climate change, Artssammensetning / Species composition, Pesquerías, boundaries, Demersal fish, catch, General Environmental Science, biodiversity, Global and Planetary Change, Ecology, Aquacultuur en Visserij, Environmental resource management, Fishes, conservation, Sampling (statistics), bottom trawl survey, transboundary, Geography, climate change, data, VDP::Matematikk og naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480::Marinbiologi: 497, Fisheries policy, Open science, Bunnfisk / Demersal fish, Bottom trawl survey, management, Opinion, Stock assessment, sea, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Sede Central IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Cádiz, 010603 evolutionary biology, range shifts, international boundaries, fisheries policy, demersal fish, Environmental Chemistry, Animals, 14. Life underwater, SDG 14 - Life Below Water, Transboundary conservation, impacts, climate, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, fish, ecosystem, long-term, business.industry, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Business Manager projecten Midden-Noord, Global warming, 15. Life on land, 13. Climate action, fisheries, Sustainability, Seascapes, WIAS, responses, Survey data collection, species distribution, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business, Business Manager projects Mid-North
Abstract

Marine biota are redistributing at a rapid pace in response to climate change and shifting seascapes. While changes in fish populations and community structure threaten the sustainability of fisheries, our capacity to adapt by tracking and projecting marine species remains a challenge due to data discontinuities in biological observations, lack of data availability, and mismatch between data and real species distributions. To assess the extent of this challenge, we review the global status and accessibility of ongoing scientific bottom trawl surveys. In total, we gathered metadata for 283,925 samples from 95 surveys conducted regularly from 2001 to 2019. We identified that 59% of the metadata collected are not publicly available, highlighting that the availability of data is the most important challenge to assess species redistributions under global climate change. Given that the primary purpose of surveys is to provide independent data to inform stock assessment of commercially important populations, we further highlight that single surveys do not cover the full range of the main commercial demersal fish species. An average of 18 surveys is needed to cover at least 50% of species ranges, demonstrating the importance of combining multiple surveys to evaluate species range shifts. We assess the potential for combining surveys to track transboundary species redistributions and show that differences in sampling schemes and inconsistency in sampling can be overcome with spatio‐temporal modeling to follow species density redistributions. In light of our global assessment, we establish a framework for improving the management and conservation of transboundary and migrating marine demersal species. We provide directions to improve data availability and encourage countries to share survey data, to assess species vulnerabilities, and to support management adaptation in a time of climate‐driven ocean changes., While many species are changing their spatial distributions rapidly with climate change, the global capacity to track these changes and then adapt management and policy has been limited. To build this capacity for demersal fishes, we compiled the largest worldwide collection of bottom trawl survey metadata and demonstrate how surveys can be combined to follow species across national and survey boundaries. Open data and transparent scientific assessment can be a key step towards improved management of redistributing transboundary species and stocks.

Published
2021

24. Tissue localization of selenium of parental or dietary origin in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fry using LA-ICP MS bioimaging

Author

Pierre-André Geraert, Philip Antony Jesu Prabhu, Pauline Wischhusen, Stéphanie Fontagné-Dicharry, Benoit Fauconneau, Sadasivam Kaushik, Mickael Briens, Germain Vallverdu, Sandra Mounicou, Maïté Bueno, Carine Arnaudguilhem, Brice Bouyssiere, Nutrition, Métabolisme, Aquaculture (NuMéA), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut des sciences analytiques et de physico-chimie pour l'environnement et les materiaux (IPREM), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Adisseo France SAS, F-92160 Antony, Partenaires INRAE, Institute of Marine Research [Bergen] (IMR), University of Bergen (UiB), Aquitaine Region [AQUITRACES project n°20131206001-13010973], I-site E2S: Energy and Environmental Solutions from the University of Pau and Pays de l’Adour, and ANR-11-RSNR-0002,AMORAD,AMORAD1(2011)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Male, food.ingredient, Offspring, Biophysics, chemistry.chemical_element, Broodstock, Aquaculture, 010501 environmental sciences, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Mass Spectrometry, Biomaterials, 03 medical and health sciences, Selenium, Animal science, food, Dietary Sodium, La icp ms, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, Yolk, Animals, 14. Life underwater, Selenomethionine, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Metals and Alloys, Total body, Animal Feed, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, Chemistry (miscellaneous), Oncorhynchus mykiss, Dietary Supplements, Rainbow trout, Female, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition
Abstract

In relation to the decrease of selenium (Se) content in aquafeeds, the impact of level and form of parental and dietary Se supplementation was investigated in rainbow trout fry using laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP MS) bioimaging. The offspring of rainbow trout broodstock, fed either a control diet without any Se supplementation (0.3 mg Se/kg diet) or a diet supplemented with Se (0.6 mg Se/kg diet) either as sodium selenite or hydroxy-selenomethionine, were sampled at swim-up fry stage or after 11 weeks of cross-feeding. Total body Se levels were influenced by parental Se nutrition in swim-up fry and by direct Se feeding in 11-week fry with higher levels in the Se-supplemented groups compared with the control and the highest levels in the hydroxy-selenomethionine treatment. The Se retention was lower for dietary sodium selenite. Selenomethionine levels increased when Se was provided as hydroxy-selenomethionine. LA-ICP MS maps revealed yolk in swim-up fry and intestine, liver, and kidney in 11-week fed fry as tissues with high Se abundance. In swim-up fry, muscle Se was the highest abundant when parents were fed hydroxy-selenomethionine. In 11-week fed fry, muscle Se abundance was higher in the head part of fry fed both Se-supplemented diets, but only in the tail part of fry fed hydroxy-selenomethionine. Liver Se abundance was higher in fry fed sodium selenite compared with the control diet supporting the hypothesis that tissue Se distribution can be influenced by parental and dietary Se forms and levels.

Published
2020

25. A Persistent Deep Anticyclonic Vortex in the Rockall Trough Sustained by Anticyclonic Vortices Shed From the Slope Current and Wintertime Convection

Author

Jonathan Gula, Mathieu Le Corre, Yves Reecht, Loïc Houpert, Angelina Smilenova, National University of Ireland [Galway] (NUI Galway), Laboratoire d'Océanographie Physique et Spatiale (LOPS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Oceanography Centre (NOC), Institute of Marine Research [Bergen] (IMR), University of Bergen (UiB), Interdisciplinary Graduate School for the Blue planet, ANR-17-EURE-0015,ISBlue,Interdisciplinary Graduate School for the Blue planet(2017), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Convection, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, topographic effects, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Instability, Rockall Trough, Geochemistry and Petrology, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), 14. Life underwater, mesoscale eddy, Trough (meteorology), water masses mixing, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, potential vorticity transformations, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, 010505 oceanography, Geophysics, eddy merger, Vortex, instability, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Anticyclone, Geology
Abstract

International audience; The presence of a persistent surface anticyclone centered at approximately 55°N, 12°W in the Rockall Trough, northeast North Atlantic, has been previously noted in satellite altimetry data. Here, we show that this surface anticyclone is the imprint of a deep, persistent, non-stationary anticyclonic vortex. Using wintertime 2007 and 2011 ship-board data, we describe the anticyclone's vertical structure for the first time and find that the anticyclone core is partly made of warm and salty Mediterranean Overflow Water. The anticyclone has a radius of ~40 km, it stretches down to 2,000 m, with a velocity maximum around 500 m. To analyze the anticyclone's generating mechanism, we use a mesoscale-resolving (~2 km) simulation, which produces a realistic pattern of the Rockall Trough anticyclone. The simulation indicates that the anticyclone is locally formed and sustained by two types of processes: wintertime convection and merger with anticyclonic vortices shed from the slope current flowing poleward along the eastern Rockall Trough slope. Intense negative vorticity filaments are generated along the Rockall Trough south-eastern slope, and they encapsulate Mediterranean Overflow Water as they detach and grow into anticyclonic vortices. These Mediterranean Overflow Water-rich vortices are advected into the trough, consequently merging with the Rockall Trough anticyclone and sustaining it. We suggest that the Rockall Trough anticyclone impacts regional intermediate water masses modifications, heat and salt budgets locally, and further afield into the neighboring subpolar northeast North Atlantic.

Published
2020

26. Description of the unusual digestive tract of Platax orbicularis and the potential impact of Tenacibaculum maritimum infection

Author

Jean Noel, Denis Coves, Denis Saulnier, Patricia Cucchi, Agnès Bardon-Albaret, Maud Alix, Jehan-Hervé Lignot, Eric Gasset, Nelly Pirot, Valérie Perez, MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Ecosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens (UMR 241) (EIO), Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM - U1194 Inserm - UM), CRLCC Val d'Aurelle - Paul Lamarque-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), BioCampus Montpellier (BCM), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Bolivie]), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Montpellier (UM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Marine Research [Bergen] (IMR), University of Bergen (UiB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), BioCampus (BCM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Vidal Ayouba, Isabelle

Subjects
Mucous, Histology, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Teleost, Platax, Zoology, lcsh:Medicine, Marine Biology, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Absorption, 03 medical and health sciences, Osmoregulation, Aquaculture, Immunity, 14. Life underwater, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Gastrointestinal tract, Tenacibaculosis, Batfish, biology, business.industry, General Neuroscience, Flesh, lcsh:R, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, Mucus, Ephippidae, [SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Digestive system, [SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, 040102 fisheries, Aquaculture, Fisheries and Fish Science, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, business
Abstract

BackgroundEphippidae fish are characterized by a discoid shape with a very small visceral cavity. Among themPlatax orbicularishas a high economic potential due to its flesh quality and flesh to carcass ratio. Nonetheless, the development of its aquaculture is limited by high mortality rates, especially due toTenacibaculum maritimuminfection, occurring one to three weeks after the transfer of fishes from bio-secure land-based aquaculture system to the lagoon cages for growth. Among the lines of defense against this microbial infection, the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is less studied. The knowledge about the morphofunctional anatomy of this organ inP. orbicularisis still scarce. Therefore, the aims of this study are to characterize the GIT in non-infectedP. orbicularisjuveniles to then investigate the impact ofT. maritimumon this multifunctional organ.MethodsIn the first place, the morpho-anatomy of the GIT in non-infected individuals was characterized using various histological techniques. Then, infected individuals, experimentally challenged byT. maritimumwere analysed and compared to the previously established GIT reference.ResultsThe overlapped shape of the GIT ofP. orbicularisis probably due to its constrained compaction in a narrow visceral cavity. Firstly, the GIT was divided into 10 sections, from the esophagus to the rectum. For each section, the structure of the walls was characterized, with a focus on mucus secretions and the presence of the Na+/K+ATPase pump. An identification key allowing the characterization of the GIT sections usingin totohistology is given. Secondly, individuals challenged withT. maritimumexhibited differences in mucus type and proportion and, modifications in the mucosal and muscle layers. These changes could induce an imbalance in the trade-off between the GIT functions which may be in favour of protection and immunity to the disadvantage of nutrition capacities.

Published
2020

27. Oxidative stress and antioxidant response in rainbow trout fry exposed to acute hypoxia is affected by selenium nutrition of parents and during first exogenous feeding

Author

Philip Antony Jesu Prabhu, Sadasivam Kaushik, Jean-Marie Galano, Vincent Veron, Camille Oger, Pauline Wischhusen, Mickael Briens, Thierry Durand, Claire Vigor, Jérôme Roy, Laurence Larroquet, Stéphanie Fontagné-Dicharry, Benoit Fauconneau, Amandine Rocher, Nutrition, Métabolisme, Aquaculture (NuMéA), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron [Pôle Chimie Balard] (IBMM), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Marine Research [Bergen] (IMR), University of Bergen (UiB), Adisseo France SAS, FRA, and This present study was supported by I-site E2S: Energy andEnvironment Solutions from the University of Pau and Pays de l'Adour,UPPA contract 2017-17 (P·W., PhD fellowship) and Institute of MarineResearch (IMR) (P.A.J.P., ParSel Project no. 15329).

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Antioxidant, medicine.medical_treatment, Broodstock, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Biochemistry, Antioxidants, Lipid peroxidation, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Selenium, 0302 clinical medicine, Animal science, Physiology (medical), medicine, Animals, Humans, 14. Life underwater, [SDV.BBM.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biochemistry [q-bio.BM], Hypoxia, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 2. Zero hunger, chemistry.chemical_classification, [SDV.BA.MVSA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Veterinary medicine and animal Health, Metabolism, Glutathione, Diet, Oxidative Stress, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, Oncorhynchus mykiss, Dietary Supplements, Rainbow trout, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Oxidative stress, Polyunsaturated fatty acid
Abstract

Selenium (Se) deficiency is a problem widely encountered in humans and terrestrial livestock production with increasing attention also in aquaculture. Se supports the antioxidant system, which becomes especially important during stressful conditions. In the present study, the effect of Se-supplementation in broodstock and fry diets on the performance and antioxidant metabolism of rainbow trout fry under acute hypoxia was investigated. Rainbow trout broodstock were fed plant-ingredient based diets either without any Se-supplementation (Se level: 0.3 mg/kg) or supplemented with Se supplied as sodium selenite or as hydroxy-selenomethionine (Se level: 0.6 mg/kg respectively) for 6 months prior to spawning. The progenies were subdivided into three triplicate feeding groups and fed diets with similar Se levels compared to the parental diets, resulting in a 3x3 factorial design. After 11 weeks of feeding, the fry were either sampled or subjected to a hypoxic stress challenge. One hundred fish were transferred to tanks containing water with a low oxygen level (1.7 ± 0.2 ppm) and monitored closely for 30 min. When a fish started to faint it was recorded and transferred back to normoxic water. Direct fry feeding of the hydroxy-selenomethionine supplemented diet improved the resistance towards the hypoxic stress. On the contrary, fry originating from parents fed Se-supplemented diets showed a lower stress resistance compared to fry originating from parents fed the control diet. Fry subjected to hypoxia showed elevated oxidative stress with reduced glutathione (GSH) levels and increased isoprostanes (IsoP) and phytoprostanes (PhytoP) levels produced by lipid peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), arachidonic and α-linolenic acids respectively. Increased mRNA expression of transcription factors (nrf2, nfκb, keap1X2) and decreased mRNA expression of antioxidant enzymes (trxr, sod, gstπ) indicated a transcriptional regulation of the antioxidant response. In stressed fry, the mRNA expression of several antioxidant genes including gr, msr and gstπ was found to be higher when fed the control diet compared to the sodium selenite treatment, with a contrary effect for parental and direct Se nutrition on gpx. The long-term parental effect becomes of greater importance in stressed fry, where more than half of the genes were significantly higher expressed in the control compared to the selenite supplemented group.

Published
2020

28. Parental Selenium Nutrition Affects the One-Carbon Metabolism and the Hepatic DNA Methylation Pattern of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) in the Progeny

Author

Cécile Heraud, Pauline Wischhusen, Kaja H. Skjærven, Stéphanie Fontagné-Dicharry, Benoit Fauconneau, Sadasivam Kaushik, Takaya Saito, Philip Antony Jesu Prabhu, Nutrition, Métabolisme, Aquaculture (NuMéA), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institute of Marine Research [Bergen] (IMR), University of Bergen (UiB), I-SITE E2S: ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SOLUTIONS from theUNIVERSITY OF PAU AND PAYS ADOUR, UPPA (contract number 2017-17 and contract number 2018–178), INSTITUTE OF MARINE RESEARCH (ParSel project number 15329), and ADISSEO FRANCE SAS (SelGen contract number 22001062 labelled by the Institut Carnot France Futur Elevage IC-F2E).

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, transsulfuration, chemistry.chemical_element, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Transsulfuration, Transsulfuration pathway, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Andrology, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Methionine synthase, selenium, lcsh:Science, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Methionine, DNA methylation, biology, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, Paleontology, Methylation, rainbow trout, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, methionine cycle, Space and Planetary Science, biology.protein, Rainbow trout, lcsh:Q, nutritional programming, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, Selenium
Abstract

International audience; Selenium is an essential micronutrient and its metabolism is closely linked to the methionine cycle and transsulfuration pathway. The present study evaluated the effect of two different selenium supplements in the diet of rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss) broodstock on the one-carbon metabolism and the hepatic DNA methylation pattern in the progeny. Offspring of three parental groups of rainbow trout, fed either a control diet (NC, basal Se level: 0.3 mg/kg) or a diet supplemented with sodium selenite (SS, 0.8 mg Se/kg) or hydroxy-selenomethionine (SO, 0.7 mg Se/kg), were collected at swim-up fry stage. Our findings suggest that parental selenium nutrition impacted the methionine cycle with lower free methionine and S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) and higher methionine synthase (mtr) mRNA levels in both selenium-supplemented treatments. DNA methylation profiling by reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) identified differentially methylated cytosines (DMCs) in offspring livers. These DMCs were related to 6535 differentially methylated genes in SS:NC, 6890 in SO:NC and 7428 in SO:SS, respectively. Genes with the highest methylation difference relate, among others, to the neuronal or signal transmitting and immune system which represent potential targets for future studies.

Published
2020

29. Past and Future Grand Challenges in Marine Ecosystem Ecology

Author

Angel Borja, Jesper H. Andersen, Christos D. Arvanitidis, Alberto Basset, Lene Buhl-Mortensen, Susana Carvalho, Katherine A. Dafforn, Michelle J. Devlin, Elva G. Escobar-Briones, Christian Grenz, Tilmann Harder, Stelios Katsanevakis, Dongyan Liu, Anna Metaxas, Xosé Anxelu G. Morán, Alice Newton, Chiara Piroddi, Xavier Pochon, Ana M. Queirós, Paul V. R. Snelgrove, Cosimo Solidoro, Michael A. St. John, Heliana Teixeira, AZTI - Tecnalia, Institute of Food and Resource Economics [Copenhagen] (IFRO), Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Hellenic Center for Marine Research (HCMR), University of Salento [Lecce], Institute of Marine Research [Bergen] (IMR), University of Bergen (UiB), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Macquarie University, C2O Consulting, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN), University of Bremen, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), East China Normal University [Shangaï] (ECNU), Dalhousie University [Halifax], Medio Marino, IEO Gijón-Xixón, Centre for Marine and Environmental Research [Faro] (CIMA), Universidade do Algarve (UAlg), Water Resources Unit [Ispra], JRC Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC)-European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), Cawthron Institute, Plymouth Marine Laboratory (PML), Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Memorial University of Newfoundland [St. John's], Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e di Oceanografia Sperimentale (OGS), Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), CESAM (UIDB/50017/2020+UIDP/50017/2020), Borja, A., Andersen, J. H., Arvanitidis, C. D., Basset, A., Buhl-Mortensen, L., Carvalho, S., Dafforn, K. A., Devlin, M. J., Escobar-Briones, E. G., Grenz, C., Harder, T., Katsanevakis, S., Liu, D., Metaxas, A., Moran, X. A. G., Newton, A., Piroddi, C., Pochon, X., Queiros, A. M., Snelgrove, P. V. R., Solidoro, C., S, t. John M. A., Teixeira, H., University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México = National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Memorial University of Newfoundland = Université Memorial de Terre-Neuve [St. John's, Canada] (MUN), and Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, lcsh:QH1-199.5, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Ecology (disciplines), [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Ocean Engineering, ecosystem health assessment, lcsh:General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Ecosystem services, ecosystem-based management, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Political science, Marine ecosystem, SDG 14 - Life Below Water, 14. Life underwater, lcsh:Science, global change, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology, Grand Challenges, biodiversity, Sustainable development, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Global and Planetary Change, Ecosystem health, Scope (project management), human pressures, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Environmental ethics, 15. Life on land, Ecosystem-based management, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, ecosystem service, 13. Climate action, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], ecosystem functioning, conservation and protection, lcsh:Q, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, ecosystem services
Abstract

Frontiers in Marine Science launched the Marine Ecosystems Ecology (FMARS-MEE) section in 2014, with a paper that identified eight grand challenges for the discipline (Borja, 2014). Since then, this section has published a total of 370 papers, including 336 addressing aspects of those challenges. As editors of the journal, with a wide range of marine ecology expertise, we felt it was timely to evaluate research advances related to those challenges; and to update the scope of the section to reflect the grand challenges we envision for the next 10 years. This output will match with the United Nations (UN) Decade on Oceans Science for Sustainable Development (DOSSD; Claudet et al., 2020), UN Decade of Ecosystems Restoration (DER; Young and Schwartz, 2019), and the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs; Visbeck et al., 2014). info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Published
2020

30. Autumn movements of fin whales (Balaenoptera physalus) from Svalbard, Norway, revealed by satellite tracking

Author

Nils Øien, Christophe Guinet, Mads Peter Heide-Jørgensen, Jade Vacquié-Garcia, Christian Lydersen, Kit M. Kovacs, Norwegian Polar Institute, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, Institute of Marine Research [Bergen] (IMR), and University of Bergen (UiB)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Male, Time Factors, Population, lcsh:Medicine, Satellite tracking, Breeding, Animal migration, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Article, Latitude, Svalbard, Africa, Northern, Animals, 14. Life underwater, lcsh:Science, education, Ecosystem, education.field_of_study, Multidisciplinary, Balaenoptera, biology, Behavior, Animal, Fin Whale, Ecology, Norway, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, lcsh:R, biology.organism_classification, Satellite Communications, Fin Whales, Fishery, Morocco, Geography, Habitat, Boreal, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Warm water, lcsh:Q, Female, Seasons
Abstract

Insight into animal movements is essential for understanding habitat use by individuals as well as population processes and species life-history strategies. In this study, we instrumented 25 fin whales with ARGOS satellite-transmitters in Svalbard, Norway, to study their movement patterns and behaviour (Area Restricted Search (ARS), transiting or unknown) during boreal autumn/early winter. Ten of the whales stayed in the tagging area (most northerly location: 81.68°N) for their entire tracking periods (max 45 days). The other 15 whales moved in a south-westerly direction; the longest track ended off the coast of northern Africa (> 5000 km from the tagging location) after 96 days. The whales engaged in ARS behaviour intermittently throughout their southward migrations. During transit phases the whales moved quickly; one individual maintained an average horizontal speed of 9.3 km/h (travelling 223 km per day) for a period of a week. This study documents that: (1) some fin whales might remain at high latitudes during winter; (2) the whales that do migrate probably feed along the way; (3) they can maintain high transiting speed for long periods and; (4) one breeding area for this species is likely located in deep, warm water some 100 km west of Morocco.

Published
2020

31. Impact of magnetic fields generated by AC/DC submarine power cables on the behavior of juvenile European lobster (Homarus garnmarus)

Author

Bastien Taormina, Florian Freytet, Rosa H. Escobar-Lux, Carole Di Poi, Nicolas Desroy, Jean-François D’eu, Caroline M. F. Durif, Ann-Lisbeth Agnalt, Antoine Carlier, France Energies Marines [Brest], Dynamiques des Écosystèmes Côtiers (DYNECO), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Marine Research [Bergen] (IMR), University of Bergen (UiB), Laboratoire Environnement Ressource Bretagne Nord (LERBN), LITTORAL (LITTORAL), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Austevoll Research Station (IMR), University of Bergen (UiB)-University of Bergen (UiB), Dynamiques de l'Environnement Côtier (DYNECO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Brest (IFREMER Centre de Bretagne)

Subjects
Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Anthropogenic impact, Video Recording, Context (language use), 010501 environmental sciences, Aquatic Science, Submarine power cable, 01 natural sciences, orientation, 03 medical and health sciences, Homing Behavior, Homarus gammarus, Avoidance Learning, Animals, Juvenile, cancer, crab, 14. Life underwater, atlantic spiny lobster, electromagnetic-fields, navigation, Ships, 030304 developmental biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 0303 health sciences, Behavior, Behavior, Animal, biology, ACL, potential impacts, Submarine, Marine invertebrates, Models, Theoretical, biology.organism_classification, mortality, Life stage, Nephropidae, Magnetic field, Europe, Magnetic Fields, Oceanography, exposure, Exploratory Behavior, Environmental science, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract

WOS:000517853700004; The number of submarine power cables using either direct or alternating current is expected to increase drastically in coming decades. Data concerning the impact of magnetic fields generated by these cables on marine invertebrates are scarce. In this context, the aim of this study was to explore the potential impact of anthropogenic static and time-varying magnetic fields on the behavior of recently settled juvenile European lobsters (Homarus gammarus) using two different behavioral assays. Day-light conditions were used to stimulate the sheltering behavior and facilitate the video tracking. We showed that juvenile lobsters did not exhibit any change of behavior when submitted to an artificial magnetic field gradient (maximum intensity of 200 mu T) compared to non-exposed lobsters in the ambient magnetic field. Additionally, no influence was noted on either the lobsters' ability to find shelter or modified their exploratory behavior after one week of exposure to anthropogenic magnetic fields (225 +/- 5 mu T) which remained similar to those observed in control individuals. It appears that static and time-varying anthropogenic magnetic fields, at these intensities, do not significantly impact the behavior of juvenile European lobsters in daylight conditions. Nevertheless, to form a complete picture for this biological model, further studies are needed on the other life stages as they may respond differently.

Published
2020

32. The Transpolar Drift as a Source of Riverine and Shelf-Derived Trace Elements to the Central Arctic Ocean

Author

Willard S. Moore, Carl H. Lamborg, Andrew R. Margolin, Tatiana Williford, Mak A. Saito, Elizabeth M. Jones, Randelle M. Bundy, Hans A. Slagter, Laramie T. Jensen, Robert F. Anderson, Jeroen E. Sonke, Sebastian M. Vivancos, Katlin L. Bowman, Benjamin Rabe, Mats A. Granskog, Alison M. Agather, Paul B. Henderson, Brian A. Haley, Chad R. Hammerschmidt, Frank J. Millero, Rob Middag, Jessica N. Fitzsimmons, Karl Kaiser, Aridane G. González, Rainer M. W. Amon, Mariko Hatta, Per Andersson, Lauren Kipp, Dennis A. Hansell, Robert Newton, Ryan J. Woosley, Micha J. A. Rijkenberg, Ole Valk, R. Lawrence Edwards, Laura M. Whitmore, Angelica Pasqualini, Jessica S. Dabrowski, Loes J. A. Gerringa, Yang Xiang, Matthew A. Charette, Ronald Benner, Martin Levier, Ronja Paffrath, David Kadko, Seth G. John, Jan van Ooijen, Michiel M Rutgers van der Loeff, Xianglei Li, Hélène Planquette, Dorothea Bauch, Robert Rember, Patrick Laan, Phoebe J. Lam, Colin A. Stedmon, Ursula Schauer, Katharina Pahnke, Heather E. Reader, Alan M. Shiller, Mariia V. Petrova, Adam Ulfsbo, Christopher I. Measures, Ruifeng Zhang, Peter Schlosser, Sandra Gdaniec, Robert M. Sherrell, Matthieu Roy-Barman, Lars Eric Heimburger-Boavida, Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry (WHOI), Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), Dalhousie University [Halifax], Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO), Columbia University [New York], Texas A&M University [College Station], University of Southern Mississippi (USM), Department of Marine Sciences [Gothenburg], University of Gothenburg (GU), Tromsø department (IMR), Institute of Marine Research [Bergen] (IMR), University of Bergen (UiB)-University of Bergen (UiB), School of Oceanography [Seattle], University of Washington [Seattle], Department of earth and environmental sciences and the Lamont-Doherty earth observatory, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), University of Oldenburg, Department of Earth Sciences [USC Los Angeles], University of Southern California (USC), Ocean Sciences Department, University of California [USA], University of California [Santa Cruz] (UC Santa Cruz), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Department of Oceanography [Honolulu], University of Hawai‘i [Mānoa] (UHM), Université de Toulon (UTLN), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research [Kiel] (GEOMAR), Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering [New York], Wright State University, Swedish Museum of Natural History (NRM), Department of Biological Sciences [Columbia], University of South Carolina [Columbia], University of California (UC), Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Minnesota [Twin Cities] (UMN), University of Minnesota System-University of Minnesota System, Department of Geological Sciences [Stockholm], Stockholm University, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Instituto de Oceanografía y Cambio Global (IOCAG), Université de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria [Espagne] (ULPGC), Norwegian Polar Institute, College of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences [Corvallis] (CEOAS), Oregon State University (OSU), Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS), University of Miami [Coral Gables], Florida International University [Miami] (FIU), Texas A&M University [Galveston], University of British Columbia (UBC), Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), DTU Aqua, National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Memorial University of Newfoundland = Université Memorial de Terre-Neuve [St. John's, Canada] (MUN), International Arctic Research Center (IARC), University of Alaska [Fairbanks] (UAF), Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Max Planck Institute for Chemistry (MPIC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Center for Global Change Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), Shanghai Jiao Tong University [Shanghai], Funding for Arctic GEOTRACES was provided by the U.S. National Science Foundation, Swedish Research Council Formas, French Agence Nationale de la Recherche and LabexMER, Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research, and Independent Research Fund Denmark, ANR-10-LABX-0019,LabexMER,LabexMER Marine Excellence Research: a changing ocean(2010), ANR-13-BS06-0014,GEOVIDE,GEOVIDE, Une étude internationale GEOTRACES le long de la section OVIDE en Atlantique Nord et en Mer du Labrador(2013), University of California [Santa Cruz] (UCSC), University of California-University of California, University of California, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU), Memorial University of Newfoundland [St. John's], Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Geotraces, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Flux, Oceanografi, hydrologi och vattenresurser, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Oceanography, Hydrology and Water Resources, Geochemistry and Petrology, Dissolved organic carbon, Arctic Ocean, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), 14. Life underwater, Water cycle, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Transpolar Drift, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Trace elements, ACL, Lead (sea ice), Trace element, Nutrients, Carbon, Geophysics, GEOTRACES, Arctic, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Meteoric water, Environmental science, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract

Data from GEOTRACES cruises GN01 (HLY1502) and GN04 (PS94) have been archived at the Biological & Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO; https://www.bco-dmo.org/deployment/638807) and PANGAEA (https://www.pangaea.de/?q=PS94&f.campaign%5B%5D=PS94) websites, respectively. The inorganic carbon data are available at the NOAA Ocean Carbon Data System (OCADS ; doi :10.3334/CDIAC/OTG.CLIVAR_ARC01_33HQ20150809). In addition to these national data archives, the data used in this paper is available as a supplementary downloadable excel file; International audience; A major surface circulation feature of the Arctic Ocean is the Transpolar Drift (TPD), a current that transports river‐influenced shelf water from the Laptev and East Siberian Seas toward the center of the basin and Fram Strait. In 2015, the international GEOTRACES program included a high‐resolution pan‐Arctic survey of carbon, nutrients, and a suite of trace elements and isotopes (TEIs). The cruises bisected the TPD at two locations in the central basin, which were defined by maxima in meteoric water and dissolved organic carbon concentrations that spanned 600 km horizontally and ~25‐50 m vertically. Dissolved TEIs such as Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Hg, Nd, and Th, which are generally particle‐reactive but can be complexed by organic matter, were observed at concentrations much higher than expected for the open ocean setting. Other trace element concentrations such as Al, V, Ga, and Pb were lower than expected due to scavenging over the productive East Siberian and Laptev shelf seas. Using a combination of radionuclide tracers and ice drift modeling, the transport rate for the core of the TPD was estimated at 0.9 ± 0.4 Sv (106 m3 s‐1). This rate was used to derive the mass flux for TEIs that were enriched in the TPD, revealing the importance of lateral transport in supplying materials beneath the ice to the central Arctic Ocean and potentially to the North Atlantic Ocean via Fram Strait. Continued intensification of the Arctic hydrologic cycle and permafrost degradation will likely lead to an increase in the flux of TEIs into the Arctic Ocean.

Published
2020

33. Seascape genomics reveals population isolation in the reef-building honeycomb worm, Sabellaria alveolata (L.)

Author

Antony M. Knights, G Le Corguille, Fernando P. Lima, Rui Seabra, Erwan Corre, Anna P. Muir, Stanislas F. Dubois, Louise B. Firth, Flavia L. D. Nunes, Rebecca E. Ross, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Chester, Dynamiques des Écosystèmes Côtiers (DYNECO), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Plymouth University, Institute of Marine Research [Bergen] (IMR), University of Bergen (UiB), Universidade do Porto = University of Porto, ABiMS - Informatique et bioinformatique = Analysis and Bioinformatics for Marine Science (ABIMS), Fédération de recherche de Roscoff (FR2424), Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), FEDER funds through COMPETE POCI-01-0145-FEDER-031088, Portuguese national funds through FCT PTDC/BIA-BMA/31088/2017PTDC/BIA-BMA/31053/2017, FEDER funds through POR Norte NORTE-01-0145-FEDE R-031053, 'Laboratoire d'Excellence' LabexMER ANR-10-LABX-19, ANR-10-LABX-0019,LabexMER,LabexMER Marine Excellence Research: a changing ocean(2010), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dynamiques de l'Environnement Côtier (DYNECO), Universidade do Porto, ABiMS - Informatique et bioinformatique = Analysis and Bioinformatics for Marine Science (FR2424), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)

Subjects
Gene Flow, 0106 biological sciences, Evolution, Adaptation, Biological, Genomics, Larval dispersal, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Sabellaria alveolata, 03 medical and health sciences, QH359-425, Animals, 14. Life underwater, Adaptation, Reef, 030304 developmental biology, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Seascape, 0303 health sciences, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, biology, Coral Reefs, Ecology, ACL, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, fungi, Ocean current, Marine invertebrate, Honeycomb (geometry), RADseq, Marine invertebrates, biology.organism_classification, Genetics, Population, Alveolata, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Ocean circulation modelling, Research Article
Abstract

Background Under the threat of climate change populations can disperse, acclimatise or evolve in order to avoid fitness loss. In light of this, it is important to understand neutral gene flow patterns as a measure of dispersal potential, but also adaptive genetic variation as a measure of evolutionary potential. In order to assess genetic variation and how this relates to environment in the honeycomb worm (Sabellaria alveolata (L.)), a reef-building polychaete that supports high biodiversity, we carried out RAD sequencing using individuals from along its complete latitudinal range. Patterns of neutral population genetic structure were compared to larval dispersal as predicted by ocean circulation modelling, and outlier analyses and genotype-environment associations tests were used to attempt to identify loci under selection in relation to local temperature data. Results We genotyped 482 filtered SNPs, from 68 individuals across nine sites, 27 of which were identified as outliers using BAYESCAN and ARLEQUIN. All outlier loci were potentially under balancing selection, despite previous evidence of local adaptation in the system. Limited gene flow was observed among reef-sites (FST = 0.28 ± 0.10), in line with the low dispersal potential identified by the larval dispersal models. The North Atlantic reef emerged as an isolated population and this was linked to high local larval retention and the effect of the North Atlantic Current on dispersal. Conclusions As an isolated population, with limited potential for natural genetic or demographic augmentation from other reefs, the North Atlantic site warrants conservation attention in order to preserve not only this species, but above all the crucial functional ecological roles that are associated with their bioconstructions. Our study highlights the utility of using seascape genomics to identify populations of conservation concern.

Published
2020

34. Ice front blocking of ocean heat transport to an Antarctic ice shelf

Author

Laura Herraiz-Borreguero, Samuel Viboud, Céline Heuzé, Tae-Wan Kim, Joël Sommeria, Mirjam S. Glessmer, Nadine Steiger, Ho Kyung Ha, Karen M. Assmann, Adrian Jenkins, Elin Darelius, A. K. Mazur, Anna Wåhlin, Department of Marine Sciences [Gothenburg], University of Gothenburg (GU), Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research (BCCR), Department of Biological Sciences [Bergen] (BIO / UiB), University of Bergen (UiB)-University of Bergen (UiB), Geophysical Institute [Bergen] (GFI / BiU), University of Bergen (UiB), Institute of Marine Research [Bergen] (IMR), Leibniz Institute of Science and Mathematics Education, Kiel, Germany, Inha University, Centre for Southern Hemisphere Oceans Research, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia, Department of Earth Sciences [Gothenburg], University of Northumbria at Newcastle [United Kingdom], British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI), Laboratoire des Écoulements Géophysiques et Industriels [Grenoble] (LEGI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), and Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)

Subjects
geography, Multidisciplinary, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 010505 oceanography, Continental shelf, Ocean current, Front (oceanography), Antarctic ice sheet, F700, F800, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Ice shelf, Heat flux, 13. Climate action, [PHYS.MECA.MEFL]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Fluid mechanics [physics.class-ph], Ice sheet, Geology, Seabed, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Mass loss from the Antarctic Ice Sheet to the ocean has increased in recent decades, largely because the thinning of its floating ice shelves has allowed the outflow of grounded ice to accelerate1,2. Enhanced basal melting of the ice shelves is thought to be the ultimate driver of change2,3, motivating a recent focus on the processes that control ocean heat transport onto and across the seabed of the Antarctic continental shelf towards the ice4–6. However, the shoreward heat flux typically far exceeds that required to match observed melt rates2,7,8, suggesting that other critical controls exist. Here we show that the depth-independent (barotropic) component of the heat flow towards an ice shelf is blocked by the marked step shape of the ice front, and that only the depth-varying (baroclinic) component, which is typically much smaller, can enter the sub-ice cavity. Our results arise from direct observations of the Getz Ice Shelf system and laboratory experiments on a rotating platform. A similar blocking of the barotropic component may occur in other areas with comparable ice–bathymetry configurations, which may explain why changes in the density structure of the water column have been found to be a better indicator of basal melt rate variability than the heat transported onto the continental shelf9. Representing the step topography of the ice front accurately in models is thus important for simulating ocean heat fluxes and induced melt rates. The front of the Getz Ice Shelf in West Antarctica creates an abrupt topographic step that deflects ocean currents, suppressing 70% of the heat delivery to the ice sheet.

Published
2020

35. Tidally Forced Lee Waves Drive Turbulent Mixing Along the Arctic Ocean Margins

Author

Ilker Fer, Zoé Koenig, Igor E. Kozlov, Anthony Bosse, Tom P. Rippeth, Laurie Padman, Eivind Kolås, Marek Ostrowski, Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research (BCCR), Department of Biological Sciences [Bergen] (BIO / UiB), University of Bergen (UiB)-University of Bergen (UiB), University of Bergen (UiB), Norwegian Polar Institute, Marine Hydrophysical Institute, Satellite Oceanography Laboratory [St Petersburg] (SOLab), Russian State Hydrometeorological University [St.Petersburg] (RSHU), Institute of Marine Research [Bergen] (IMR), School of Ocean Sciences [Menai Bridge], Bangor University, Earth and Space Research, Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Mixed layer, Baroclinity, Oceanography: 452 [VDP], Oseanografi: 452 [VDP], VDP::Oseanografi: 452, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Physics::Geophysics, Physics::Fluid Dynamics, Water column, Sea ice, 14. Life underwater, VDP::Oceanography: 452, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Isopycnal, Slack water, Internal wave, Geophysics, Arctic, 13. Climate action, Physics::Space Physics, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Geology
Abstract

International audience; In the Arctic Ocean, limited measurements indicate that the strongest mixing below the atmospherically forced surface mixed layer occurs where tidal currents are strong. However, mechanisms of energy conversion from tides to turbulence and the overall contribution of tidally driven mixing to Arctic Ocean state are poorly understood. We present measurements from the shelf north of Svalbard that show abrupt isopycnal vertical displacements of 10-50 m and intense dissipation associated with cross-isobath diurnal tidal currents of ∼0.15 m s −1. Energy from the barotropic tide accumulated in a trapped baroclinic lee wave during maximum downslope flow and was released around slack water. During a 6-hr turbulent event, high-frequency internal waves were present, the full 300-m depth water column became turbulent, dissipation rates increased by a factor of 100, and turbulent heat flux averaged 15 W m −2 compared with the background rate of 1 W m −2. Plain Language Summary Turbulent mixing in the Arctic Ocean water column affects sea ice variability through transport of subsurface heat toward the surface. This turbulent mixing is concentrated along the margins, mainly driven by tidal flow over sloping topography. However, processes of energy transfer from tides to turbulence in the Arctic are poorly understood, and the magnitudes and locations of mixing are poorly constrained. Here we present detailed measurements from the shelf north of Svalbard, showing a turbulent event driven by moderate tidal currents. The energy is trapped and accumulated at the time of maximum downslope flow and is released at the turn of the tide when the entire water column becomes highly turbulent. Our observations imply that this process is an important source of mixing in the Arctic Ocean.

Published
2020

36. A Roadmap for using the UN decade of ocean science for sustainable development in support of science, policy, and action

Author

Anny Cazenave, Jacqueline Uku, Agathe Euzen, M. Araujo, Valérie Masson-Delmotte, Cyrille Barnerias, Elva Escobar-Briones, Patricia Ricard, Nathalie Hilmi, Silva Osvaldina, Stéphanie Thiébault, Johanna J. Heymans, Antoine Pebayle, Alexander Turra, Nele Matz-Lück, Lauren S. Mullineaux, Patricia Miloslavich, Julian Barbière, Martin Visbeck, Cameron Diver, Amadou Thierno Gaye, Robert T. Watson, Romain Troublé, Torsten Thiele, Remi Parmentier, Frédéric Ménard, Norma Patricia Muñoz, Cyril Moulin, Joachim Claudet, Marie-Alexandrine Sicre, Anna Zivian, Laurent Bopp, Denis Bailly, Françoise Gaill, Isabelle Ansorge, Peter M. Haugan, Rodolphe Devillers, William W. L. Cheung, Salvatore Arico, Ricardo S. Santos, Victor Brun, Hans-Otto Pörtner, Chris Bowler, Centre de recherches insulaires et observatoire de l'environnement (CRIOBE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia (UBC), Memorial University of Newfoundland [St. John's], Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología (ICMYL), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Institute of Marine Research [Bergen] (IMR), University of Bergen (UiB), European Marine Board, Scottish Association for Marine Science (SAMS), Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables (GLACCIOS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel (CAU), University of Tasmania [Hobart, Australia] (UTAS), Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), Leibniz-Institut für Meereswissenschaften (IFM-GEOMAR), Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, University of East Anglia [Norwich] (UEA), Ocean Conservancy, Department of Oceanography [Cape Town], University of Cape Town, Laboratoria de Oceanografia Fisica Estuarina e Costeira, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco [Recife] (UFPE), United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), Aménagement des Usages des Ressources et des Espaces marins et littoraux - Centre de droit et d'économie de la mer (AMURE), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Agence Française pour la Biodiversité (AFB), Institut de biologie de l'ENS Paris (UMR 8197/1024) (IBENS), Département de Biologie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'études en Géophysique et océanographie spatiales (LEGOS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pacific community (SPC), Laboratoire Techniques, Territoires et Sociétés (LATTS), École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Gustave Eiffel, Laboratoire de Physique de l'Atmosphère et de l'Océan Siméon Fongang (LPAO-SF), École Supérieure Polytechnique de Dakar (ESP), Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD), Centre Scientifique de Monaco (CSM), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo (CIIEMAD), Instituto Politecnico Nacional [Mexico] (IPN), The Varda Group, Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Instituto Nacional de Desenvolvimento das Pescas (INDP), Institut Océanographique Paul Ricard, Instituto do Mar - Universidade dos Açores (IMAR-UAc), Variabilité de l'Océan et de la Glace de mer (VOG), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies [Potsdam] (IASS), Tara Expéditions, Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute - KMFRI (KENYA), Plateforme Océan et Climat, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Memorial University of Newfoundland = Université Memorial de Terre-Neuve [St. John's, Canada] (MUN), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México = National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de biologie de l'ENS Paris (IBENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Information et des Systèmes (LSIS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Arts et Métiers Paristech ENSAM Aix-en-Provence-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DEAL Martinique, MEDDTL, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée (UPEM)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD), Musee oceanographique de Monaco, UMR 212 EME 'écosystèmes marins exploités' (EME), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Archéologies et Sciences de l'Antiquité (ArScAn), Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Systématique, adaptation, évolution (SAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Département de Biologie - ENS Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Arts et Métiers Paristech ENSAM Aix-en-Provence-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Météo France-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Météo France-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sicre, Marie-Alexandrine, and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, United Nations, media_common.quotation_subject, Climate change, [SDU.STU.OC] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, Fish stock, 01 natural sciences, Literacy, 12. Responsible consumption, Political science, 11. Sustainability, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), 14. Life underwater, Environmental planning, human well-being, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, media_common, policy levers, Sustainable development, transformative actions, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Ocean chemistry, ocean health, sustainability, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Transformative learning, 13. Climate action, Sustainability, Science policy, [SDE.ES] Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, strategy
Abstract

The health of the ocean, central to human well-being, has now reached a critical point. Most fish stocks are overexploited, climate change and increased dissolved carbon dioxide are changing ocean chemistry and disrupting species throughout food webs, and the fundamental capacity of the ocean to regulate the climate has been altered. However, key technical, organizational, and conceptual scientific barriers have prevented the identification of policy levers for sustainability and transformative action. Here, we recommend key strategies to address these challenges, including (1) stronger integration of sciences and (2) ocean-observing systems, (3) improved science-policy interfaces, (4) new partnerships supported by (5) a new ocean-climate finance system, and (6) improved ocean literacy and education to modify social norms and behaviors. Adopting these strategies could help establish ocean science as a key foundation of broader sustainability transformations.

Published
2020

37. Reconstruction of the birth of a male sex chromosome present in Atlantic herring

Author

Rafati, Nima, Chen, Junfeng, Herpin, Amaury, Pettersson, Mats, Han, Fan, Feng, Chungang, Wallerman, Ola, Rubin, Carl-Johan, Peron, Sandrine, Cocco, Arianna, Larsson, Mårten, Troetschel, Christian, Poetsch, Ansgar, Korsching, Kai, Boenigk, Wolfgang, Koerschen, Heinz G., Berg, Florian, Folkvord, Arild, Kaupp, U. Benjamin, Schartl, Manfred, Andersson, Leif, Science of Life Laboratory Uppsala - Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, IMBIM/NBIS/SciLifeLab, Laboratoire de Physiologie et Génomique des Poissons (LPGP), Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Hunan Normal University, Ruhr-Universität Bochum [Bochum], University of Bergen (UiB), Institute of Marine Research [Bergen] (IMR), Biozentrum Universität Würzburg, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg [Wurtzbourg, Allemagne] (JMU), Texas A&M University [College Station], The Xiphophorus Genetic Stock Center, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M, University, College Station, Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agriculture Science, Uppsala, Sweden, The studywas supported by the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation (to L.A.),Vetenskapsrådet (to L.A.), Research Council of Norway project 254774, GENSINC (to A.F., F.B. and L.A.), and AquaCRISPR (ANR-16-COFA-0004-01) (toA.H.). The National Genomics Infrastructure (NGI)/Uppsala Genome Centerand UPPMAX (Uppsala Multidisciplinary Center for Advanced Computational Science) provided service in massive parallel sequencing and computational infrastructure. Work performed at NGI/Uppsala Genome Center hasbeen funded by RFI/VR (Council for Research Infrastructure/Vetenskapsrådet) and Science for Life Laboratory, Sweden., and ANR-16-COFA-0004,AquaCrispr,Optimization of the CRISPR/Cas9 knock-in technology and application in salmon and trout(2016)

Subjects
Fish Proteins, Male, Evolutionary Biology, Sex Chromosomes, Gene duplication, Evolution, molecular evolution, Reproduction, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Fishes, gene duplication, sex determination, Biological Sciences, BMPR1, Evolution, Molecular, CatSper, Genetics, Animals, Molecular evolution, Female, Genetik, Sex chromosome
Abstract

Significance Understanding the evolution of sex determination mechanisms and sex chromosomes is of fundamental importance in biology. Here we have reconstructed the evolution of the sex-determining region in the Atlantic herring. The region is small and contains only three intact genes. The candidate sex-determining factor BMPR1BBY is an evolutionary innovation in the herring lineage. It encodes a truncated form of a BMP type I receptor, which originated by gene duplication and underwent rapid protein evolution. The receptor has maintained its kinase activity and has the potential to induce development of testis. The other two genes in the sex-determining region, CATSPERG and CATSPER3Y, are male beneficial genes because they encode proteins predicted to be essential for sperm to fertilize the egg., The mechanisms underlying sex determination are astonishingly plastic. Particularly the triggers for the molecular machinery, which recalls either the male or female developmental program, are highly variable and have evolved independently and repeatedly. Fish show a huge variety of sex determination systems, including both genetic and environmental triggers. The advent of sex chromosomes is assumed to stabilize genetic sex determination. However, because sex chromosomes are notoriously cluttered with repetitive DNA and pseudogenes, the study of their evolution is hampered. Here we reconstruct the birth of a Y chromosome present in the Atlantic herring. The region is tiny (230 kb) and contains only three intact genes. The candidate male-determining gene BMPR1BBY encodes a truncated form of a BMP1B receptor, which originated by gene duplication and translocation and underwent rapid protein evolution. BMPR1BBY phosphorylates SMADs in the absence of ligand and thus has the potential to induce testis formation. The Y region also contains two genes encoding subunits of the sperm-specific Ca2+ channel CatSper required for male fertility. The herring Y chromosome conforms with a characteristic feature of many sex chromosomes, namely, suppressed recombination between a sex-determining factor and genes that are beneficial for the given sex. However, the herring Y differs from other sex chromosomes in that suppression of recombination is restricted to an ∼500-kb region harboring the male-specific and sex-associated regions. As a consequence, any degeneration on the herring Y chromosome is restricted to those genes located in the small region affected by suppressed recombination.

Published
2020

38. Fine-scale vertical structure of sound-scattering layers over an east border upwelling system and its relationship to pelagic habitat characteristics

Author

N. Diogoul, P. Brehmer, Y. Perrot, M. Tiedemann, A. Thiam, S. El Ayoubi, A. Mouget, C. Migayrou, O. Sadio, A. Sarré, Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles [Dakar] (ISRA), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Institute of Marine Research [Bergen] (IMR), University of Bergen (UiB), Institut National de Recherche Halieutique [Casablanca, Maroc] (INRH), Institut de recherche pour le développement [Dakar, Sénégal] (IRD Hann Maristes), This research has been supported by the IRDBMBF (grant no. 01DG12073E)., and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, zooplankton, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, water, distributions, diel migration, 01 natural sciences, Zooplankton, patterns, 14. Life underwater, Diel vertical migration, lcsh:Environmental sciences, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Trophic level, lcsh:GE1-350, geography, abundance, geography.geographical_feature_category, Continental shelf, variability, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, lcsh:Geography. Anthropology. Recreation, micronekton, Hypoxia (environmental), Pelagic zone, fish larvae, Oceanography, lcsh:G, dissolved-oxygen, Environmental science, Upwelling, Submarine pipeline, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract

Understanding the relationship between sound-scattering layers (SSLs) and pelagic habitat characteristics is a substantial step to apprehend ecosystem dynamics. SSLs are detected on echo sounders representing aggregated marine pelagic organisms. In this study, SSL characteristics of zooplankton and micronekton were identified during an upwelling event in two contrasting areas of the Senegalese continental shelf. Here a cold upwelling-influenced inshore area was sharply separated by a strong thermal boundary from a deeper, warmer, stratified offshore area. Mean SSL thickness and SSL vertical depth increased with the shelf depth. The thickest and deepest SSLs were observed in the offshore part of the shelf. Hence, zooplankton and micronekton seem to occur more frequently in stratified water conditions rather than in fresh upwelled water. Diel vertical and horizontal migrations of SSLs were observed in the study area. Diel period and physicochemical water characteristics influenced SSL depth and SSL thickness. Although chlorophyll-a concentration insignificantly affected SSL characteristics, the peak of chlorophyll a was always located above or in the middle of the SSLs, regularly matching with the peak of SSL biomass. Such observations indicate trophic relationships, suggesting SSLs to be mainly composed of phytoplanktivorous zooplankton and micronekton. Despite local hypoxia, below 30 m depth, distribution patterns of SSLs indicate no vertical migration boundary. The results increase the understanding of the spatial organization of mid-trophic species and migration patterns of zooplankton and micronekton, and they will also improve dispersal models for organisms in upwelling regions.

Published
2020

39. Atlantic Water Transformation Along Its Poleward Pathway Across the Nordic Seas

Author

Thomas Rossby, Henrik Søiland, Anthony Bosse, Ilker Fer, Geophysical Institute [Bergen] (GFI / BiU), University of Bergen (UiB), Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research (BCCR), Department of Biological Sciences [Bergen] (BIO / UiB), University of Bergen (UiB)-University of Bergen (UiB), Institute of Marine Research [Bergen] (IMR), and University of Rhode Island (URI)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, winter mixing, Matematikk og naturvitenskap: 400::Geofag: 450::Oseanografi: 452 [VDP], Oceanography, Atlantic water, 01 natural sciences, VDP::Fysikk: 430, spiciness, Transformation (music), Lofoten Basin, Mathematics and natural scienses: 400::Geosciences: 450::Oceanography: 452 [VDP], Geochemistry and Petrology, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), water mass transformation, Nordic Seas, 14. Life underwater, Matematikk og naturvitenskap: 400::Fysikk: 430 [VDP], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, VDP::Physics: 430, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, 010505 oceanography, Nordic seas, Geophysics, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Mathematics and natural scienses: 400::Physics: 430 [VDP], Geology
Abstract

The warm and salty Atlantic Water is substantially modified along its poleward transit across the Nordic Seas, where it reaches deeper isopycnals. In particular, the Lofoten Basin, exposed to intense air‐sea interactions, plays a crucial role in the transformation of Atlantic Water. Averaged over a seasonal cycle, Atlantic Water releases approximately 80 W/m2 of heat to the atmosphere over a large area, leading to winter mixed layer depths of up to 500 m (locally exceeding 1,000 m in the Lofoten Basin Eddy, a permanent vortex located in the basin center) and substantial water mass transformation. We investigate spiciness injection (temperature and salinity increase) by winter mixing, by performing an isopycnal analysis using a comprehensive observational data set covering the 2000–2017 period. Compared to the Atlantic Water properties at the Svinøy section, representative of the inflowing Atlantic Water, some isopycnals reveal an important warming (up to 1.5°C) and salinification (up to 0.2 g/kg). Key areas for spiciness injection are the western Lofoten Basin and west of Bear Island. The modified spicy Atlantic Waters coincide with low potential vorticity with strongly density‐compensated layers at their base, allowing double‐diffusion processes to occur farther downstream toward the Arctic. Despite its limited spatial extent, the Lofoten Basin Eddy exhibits the greatest spiciness injection, as well as the deepest mixed layer and thickest low potential vorticity layer of the Norwegian Seas. The Atlantic Water spiciness at Svinøy shows a downstream correlation in the Lofoten Basin and farther north toward the Arctic with a lag of 1 to 1.5 years. publishedVersion

Published
2018

40. Marine cold-spells

Author

Sofia Darmaraki, Eric C. J. Oliver, Robert W. Schlegel, Karen Filbee-Dexter, Jessica A. Benthuysen, Dalhousie University [Halifax], Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Australian Institute of Marine Science [Perth] (AIMS Perth), Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS), Flødevigen Research Station (IMR), Institute of Marine Research [Bergen] (IMR), and University of Bergen (UiB)-University of Bergen (UiB)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Range (biology), Extremes, Sea surface temperature, Climate change, Aquatic Science, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Ecosystem impacts, Marine heatwaves, Marine cold-spells, Marine ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, Cold stress, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Phenology, Marine habitats, Geology, 15. Life on land, Structure and function, Oceanography, 13. Climate action, Environmental science
Abstract

Highlights • A large body of literature exists on extreme cold ocean temperature events. • These events have well documented negative impacts but no consistent definition. • We propose here a definition for use in the detection of marine cold-spells (MCSs). • MCSs are decreasing in count, duration, and intensity over most ocean surfaces. • MCSs are increasing in count and duration in the Southern Ocean. Characterising ocean temperature variability and extremes is fundamental for understanding the thermal bounds in which marine ecosystems have adapted. While there is growing evidence of how marine heatwaves threaten marine ecosystems, prolonged periods of extremely cold ocean temperatures, marine cold-spells, have received less global attention. We synthesize the literature on cold ocean temperature extremes and their ecological impacts and physical mechanisms. Ecological impacts of these events were observed across a range of species and biophysical processes, including mass mortalities, range shifts, marine habitat loss, and altered phenology. The development of marine cold-spells is often due to wind-induced ocean processes, but a range of physical mechanisms are documented in the literature. Given the need for consistent comparison of marine cold-spells, we develop a definition for detecting these events from temperature time series and for classifying them into four categories. This definition is used to consistently detect marine cold-spells globally over the satellite record and to compare the characteristics of notable cold events. Globally, marine cold-spells’ occurrence, duration, and intensity are decreasing, with some areas, such as the Southern Ocean, showing signs of increase over the past 15 years. All marine cold-spell categories are affected by these decreases, with the exception of “IV Extreme” events, which were so rare that there has been little decrease. While decreasing occurrences of marine cold-spells could be viewed as providing a beneficial reduction in cold stress for marine ecosystems, fewer cold spells will alter the temperature regime that marine ecosystems experience and could have important consequences on ecological structure and function.

Published
2021

41. The planktonic stages of the salmon louse ( Lepeophtheirus salmonis) are tolerant of end-of-century p CO2 concentrations

Author

Jeffrey A. Runge, Andrew S. Mount, Cameron Thompson, Steven Shema, Caroline M. F. Durif, Anne Berit Skiftesvik, David M. Fields, Vera B. S. Chan, Reidun M. Bjelland, Howard I. Browman, Institute of Marine Research [Bergen] (IMR), University of Bergen (UiB), Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, Austevoll Research Station (IMR), University of Bergen (UiB)-University of Bergen (UiB), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Department of Biological Sciences [Clemson], Clemson University, University of Maine, Gulf of Maine Research Institute (GMRI), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Zoology, lcsh:Medicine, Growth, Aquaculture, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, calanus-finmarchicus, Salmon louse, Lepeophtheirus salmonis, Energetics, 14. Life underwater, threat, impacts, business.industry, behavior, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, General Neuroscience, Marine larval ecology, ACL, Salmon lice, Ocean acidification, fungi, lcsh:R, General Medicine, Plankton, Lipid, biology.organism_classification, Copepod, infection, sea lice, Parasite, Metabolism, 13. Climate action, Lepeophtheirus, responses, Biological dispersal, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, business, respiration
Abstract

The copepod Lepeophtheirus salmonis is an obligate ectoparasite of salmonids. Salmon lice are major pests in salmon aquaculture and due to its economic impact Lepeophtheirus salmonis is one of the most well studied species of marine parasite. However, there is limited understanding of how increased concentration of pCO2 associated with ocean acidification will impact host-parasite relationships. We investigated the effects of increased pCO2 on growth and metabolic rates in the planktonic stages, rearing L. salmonis from eggs to 12 days post hatch copepodids under three treatment levels: Control (416 µatm), Mid (747 µatm), and High (942 µatm). The pCO2 treatment had a significant effect on oxygen consumption rate with the High treatment animals exhibiting the greatest respiration. The treatments did not have a significant effect on the other biological endpoints measured (carbon, nitrogen, lipid volume, and fatty acid content). The results indicate that L. salmonis have mechanisms to compensate for increased concentration of pCO2and that populations will be tolerant of projected future ocean acidification scenarios. The work reported here also describes catabolism during the lecithotrophic development of L. salmonis, information that is not currently available to parameterize models of dispersal and viability of the planktonic free-living stages.

Published
2019

42. Paradigm shifts and current challenges in wastewater management

Author

María C. Villarín, Sylvain Merel, Universidad de Sevilla, Riverly (Riverly), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institute of Marine Research [Bergen] (IMR), University of Bergen (UiB), and Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades of Spain : RTI2018-096561-A-100

Subjects
Environmental Engineering, Resource (biology), Sanitation, Circular economy, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Microplastics, Population, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Wastewater-based epidemiology, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, Reuse, 01 natural sciences, 12. Responsible consumption, Hazardous waste, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, 11. Sustainability, Environmental Chemistry, Yuck factor, education, Waste Management and Disposal, Environmental planning, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 021110 strategic, defence & security studies, education.field_of_study, Contaminants and transformation products, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, Water conflict and legislation, Pollution, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, 6. Clean water, 3. Good health, Wastewater, 13. Climate action, Paradigm shift, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Business, Basic sanitation
Abstract

International audience; Wastewater is a significant environmental and public health concern which management is a constant challenge since antiquity. Wastewater research has increased exponentially over the last decades. This paper provides a global overview of the exponentially increasing wastewater research in order to identify current challenges and paradigm shifts. Besides households, hospitals and typical industries, other sources of wastewater appear due to emerging activities like hydraulic fracturing. While the composition of wastewater needs constant reassessment to identify contaminants of interest, the comprehensive chemical and toxicological analysis remains one of the main challenges in wastewater research. Moreover, recent changes in the public perception of wastewater has led to several paradigm shifts: i) water reuse considering wastewater as a water resource rather than a hazardous waste, ii) wastewater-based epidemiology considering wastewater as a source of information regarding the overall health of a population through the analysis of specific biomarkers, iii) circular economy through the implementation of treatment processes aiming at harvesting valuable components such as precious metals or producing valuable goods such as biofuel. However, wastewater research should also address social challenges such as the public acceptance of water reuse or the access to basic sanitation that is not available for nearly a third of the world population.

Published
2019

43. Evidence for discrimination between feeding sounds of familiar fish and unfamiliar mammal-eating killer whale ecotypes by long-finned pilot whales

Author

Lise Doksæter Sivle, Charlotte Curé, Peter L. Tyack, Machiel G. Oudejans, Nicoletta Biassoni, Mathilde Massenet, Fleur Visser, Paul J. Wensveen, Lucie Barluet de Beauchesne, Heike Vester, Saana Isojunno, Patrick J. O. Miller, University of St Andrews. School of Biology, University of St Andrews. Sea Mammal Research Unit, University of St Andrews. Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews. Centre for Social Learning & Cognitive Evolution, University of St Andrews. Marine Alliance for Science & Technology Scotland, University of St Andrews. Sound Tags Group, University of St Andrews. Bioacoustics group, University of St Andrews. Institute of Behavioural and Neural Sciences, Unité Mixte de Recherche en Acoustique Environnementale (UMRAE ), Centre d'Etudes et d'Expertise sur les Risques, l'Environnement, la Mobilité et l'Aménagement (Cerema)-Université Gustave Eiffel, University of St Andrews [Scotland], Ocean Sounds, parent, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), Kelp Marine Research, Institute of Marine Research [Bergen] (IMR), University of Bergen (UiB), and Freshwater and Marine Ecology (IBED, FNWI)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Sound Spectrography, BIOACOUSTIQUE, IMPACT, ACOUSTIC PLAYBACKS, CETACEAN BEHAVIORAL RESPONSES, MULTI-SENSOR TAGS, QH301 Biology, INTERNATIONAL, HETEROSPECIFIC SOUND DISCRIMINATION, 01 natural sciences, Cetacean behavioral reponses, Predation, Discrimination Learning, Globicephala melas, ACLI, Predator, GLOBICEPHALA MELAS, education.field_of_study, biology, Ecotype, Fin Whale, 05 social sciences, Fishes, Heterospecific sound discrimination, CEREMA, Whales, Pilot, Multi-sensor tags, Sound, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Acoustic playbacks, Auditory Perception, ACOUSTIQUE, Foraging, Population, KILLER WHALE ECOTYPES, NDAS, Zoology, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, 010603 evolutionary biology, Globicephala melas [Long-finned pilot whale], QH301, biology.animal, Animals, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, 050102 behavioral science & comparative psychology, 14. Life underwater, education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Whale, Acoustics, biology.organism_classification, Mammal, Whale, Killer, Vocalization, Animal, Killer whale ecotypes
Abstract

Research funding was provided by the US Office of Naval Research, the DGA/TN (France), the UK Natural Environmental Research Council, and the Ministries of Defence of Norway and The Netherlands. PLT acknowledges funding received from the MASTS pooling initiative (The Marine Alliance for Science and Technology for Scotland). MASTS is funded by the Scottish Funding Council (Grant reference HR09011) and contributing institutions. CC acknowledges statistical support provided by the Multi-study OCean acoustics Human effects Analysis (MOCHA) project funded by the United States Office of Naval Research (Grant N00014-12-1-0204). Killer whales (KW) may be predators or competitors of other cetaceans. Since their foraging behavior and acoustics differ among populations ('ecotypes'), we hypothesized that other cetaceans can eavesdrop on KW sounds and adjust their behavior according to the KW ecotype. We performed playback experiments on long-finned pilot whales (Globicephala melas) in Norway using familiar fish-eating KW sounds (fKW) simulating a sympatric population that might compete for foraging areas, unfamiliar mammal-eating KW sounds (mKW) simulating a potential predator threat, and two control sounds. We assessed behavioral responses using animal-borne multi-sensor tags and surface visual observations. Pilot whales barely changed behavior to a broadband noise (CTRL-), whereas they were attracted and exhibited spyhops to fKW, mKW, and to a repeated-tonal upsweep signal (CTRL+). Whales never stopped nor started feeding in response to fKW, whereas they reduced or stopped foraging to mKW and CTRL+. Moreover, pilot whales joined other subgroups in response to fKW and CTRL+, whereas they tightened individual spacing within group and reduced time at surface in response to mKW. Typical active intimidation behavior displayed to fKW might be an antipredator strategy to a known low-risk ecotype or alternatively a way of securing the habitat exploited by a heterospecific sympatric population. Cessation of feeding and more cohesive approach to mKW playbacks might reflect an antipredator behavior towards an unknown KW ecotype of potentially higher risk. We conclude that pilot whales are able to acoustically discriminate between familiar and unfamiliar KW ecotypes, enabling them to adjust their behavior according to the perceived disturbance type. Postprint

Published
2019

44. Genetic basis of amphibian larval development along a latitudinal gradient: Gene diversity, selection and links with phenotypic variation in transcription factor C/EBP‐1

Author

María Quintela, Jacob Höglund, Alex Richter-Boix, Patrik Rödin-Mörch, Anssi Laurila, Emilien Luquet, Yvonne Meyer-Lucht, Fríða Jóhannesdóttir, Department of Ecology and Genetics [Uppsala] (EBC), Uppsala University, Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE), Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ecology and Genetics Research, University of Oulu, Department of Population Genetics, Institute of Marine Research (IMR) Bergen, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology [Ithaca], Cornell University [New York], Institute of Marine Research [Bergen] (IMR), and University of Bergen (UiB)-University of Bergen (UiB)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Ranidae, Climatic adaptation, Biology, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Negative selection, daptation, Gene Frequency, Genetics, Animals, Selection, Genetic, Allele, Codon, Gene, Alleles, Genetic Association Studies, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Selection (genetic algorithm), Geography, climate change, Genetic Variation, 15. Life on land, Ecological genetics, life history evolution, ecological genetics, Phenotype, 030104 developmental biology, Evolutionary biology, Larva, Ectotherm, Linear Models, amphibians, Adaptation, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Transcription Factors
Abstract

International audience; Ectotherm development rates often show adaptive divergence along climatic gradients, but the genetic basis for this variation is rarely studied. Here, we investigated the genetic basis for phenotypic variation in larval development in the moor frog Rana arvalis from five regions along a latitudinal gradient from Germany to northern Sweden. We focused on the C/EBP‐1 gene, a transcription factor associated with larval development time. Allele frequencies at C/EBP‐1 varied strongly among geographic regions. Overall, the distribution of alleles along the gradient was in concordance with the dual postglacial colonization routes into Scandinavia, with a large number of alleles exclusively present along the southern colonization route. Only three of 38 alleles were shared between the routes. Analysis of contemporary selection on C/EBP‐1 showed divergent selection among the regions, likely reflecting adaptation to the local environmental conditions, although this was especially strong between southern and northern regions coinciding also with lineages from different colonization routes. Overall, the C/EBP‐1 gene has historically been under purifying selection, however, two specific amino acid positions showed significant signals of positive selection. These positions showed divergence between southern and northern regions, and we suggest that they are functionally involved in the climatic adaptation of larval development. Using phenotypic data from a common garden experiment, we found evidence for specific C/EBP‐1 alleles being correlated with larval development time, suggesting a functional role in adaptation of larval development to large‐scale climatic variation. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Published
2019

45. Effect of dietary selenium in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) broodstock on antioxidant status, its parental transfer and oxidative status in the progeny

Author

Brice Bouyssiere, Sandra Mounicou, Stéphanie Fontagné-Dicharry, Maroussia Parailloux, P. Antony Jesu Prabhu, Mickael Briens, Benoit Fauconneau, Pauline Wischhusen, Sadasivam Kaushik, Maïté Bueno, Pierre-André Geraert, Nutrition, Métabolisme, Aquaculture (NuMéA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA), Adisseo France SAS, Institut des sciences analytiques et de physico-chimie pour l'environnement et les materiaux (IPREM), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Nutrition, Aquaculture et Génomique (NUAGE), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Marine Research [Bergen] (IMR), University of Bergen (UiB), and The authors have no conflict of interest to declare for this work that was labelled by the 'Institut Carnot France Futur Elevage (IC-F2E) contract number 22001062'. This present study was supported by I-site E2S: Energy and Environment Solutions from the University of Pau and Pays de l'Adour, UPPA contract 2017-17 (P.W., PhD fellowship) and Institute of Marine Research (IMR) (P.A.J.P., ParSel Project no. 15329).

Subjects
Milt, Antioxidant, Broodstock, medicine.medical_treatment, Aquatic Science, Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, Selenium, Animal science, Progeny, medicine, 14. Life underwater, 030304 developmental biology, chemistry.chemical_classification, 0303 health sciences, Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Glutathione peroxidase, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Ascorbic acid, Rainbow trout, chemistry, 040102 fisheries, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition
Abstract

International audience; We studied the effects of supplementing a plant-ingredient based rainbow trout broodstock diet with different forms of selenium (Se) on reproductive performance, parental Se transfer and antioxidant metabolism in their progeny before first-feeding. Three groups of rainbow trout were fed a diet either without selenium supplementation (NC, basal Se level: 0.3 ppm) or supplemented with 0.3 ppm Se either in the form of sodium selenite (SS) or as hydroxy-selenomethionine (SO, dietary Se level: 0.7 ppm) over a 6-month period prior to spawning. In Se-supplemented groups, the total number of females spawning was significantly higher compared to the negative control group and the females fed SO began to spawn earlier compared to females fed SS or NC. Total Se concentrations were significantly higher in female muscle of SO group. Higher Se concentrations in the oocytes of both Se-supplemented groups confirmed a maternal transfer of Se, while total Se concentrations in milt samples were not significantly different between dietary groups. There was no effect on glutathione peroxidase (GPX) or other antioxidant enzyme activity in the liver of female or male broodstock, whereas in the swim-up fry, GPX activity was significantly higher in both Se-supplemented treatments with the highest activity in the SO group. Se-supplementation enhanced the expression of hepatic SelPa in broodstock males and females along with MsrB1, GPx1a, GPx4a2, CAT, Gclc, Keap1 and MsrB2 in male liver. In swim-up fry, only organic Se-supplementation led to a higher gene expression for SelPa, GPX1a, GPX1b2, CAT and MsrB2. An improvement of the oxidative status in whole-body of swim-up fry could not be confirmed in this study as the GSH/GSSG was even lower in swim-up fry of Se-supplemented groups, whereas the 8-isoprostane levels were lower in the SS group and no effect on protein carbonyl levels could be detected. Organic Se-supplementation led to a significant increase in the α-tocopherol and vitamin C levels in the progeny. These results show that dietary Se in broodstock nutrition influences spawning occurrence and along with the parental transfer, several traits in the progeny are affected.

Published
2019

46. A Refined Nontarget Workflow for the Investigation of Metabolites through the Prioritization by in Silico Prediction Tools

Author

Marc H.G. Berntssen, Sylvain Merel, Lubertus Bijlsma, Institute of Marine Research [Bergen] (IMR), University of Bergen (UiB), and The authors would like to thank Dr. G. Rosenlund and Tarn Helgoy Thomsen for designing, sampling, and performing the feeding trial at the Skretting ARC, Lerang Research Station. The authors thank Borja Garlito Molina for performing sample extraction and facilitating the UHPLC-IMS-QTOF MS data. L.B. wishes to thank Marc Berntssen and the Institute of Marine Research (Norway) for hosting him as a visiting researcher. S.M. is grateful to Dr. Felix Hernandez for allowing him to visit his research group at the University of Jaume I (Spain).

Subjects
Prioritization, Insecticides, Time Factors, Ion-mobility spectrometry, collision cross sections, In silico, Food Contamination, Computational biology, 010402 general chemistry, Mass spectrometry, 01 natural sciences, Mass Spectrometry, Analytical Chemistry, silico prediction tools, Machine Learning, chromatographic retention, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, Ion Mobility Spectrometry, Animals, 14. Life underwater, metabolites, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Molecular Structure, Chemistry, 010401 analytical chemistry, Fishes, Organothiophosphorus Compounds, pesticides, 0104 chemical sciences, Metabolic pathway, %22">Fish , Glucuronide, Chromatography, Liquid
Abstract

The application of nontargeted strategies based on high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) directed toward the discovery of metabolites of known contaminants in fish is an interesting alternative to true nontarget screening. To reduce prolonged and costly laboratory experiments, recent advances in computing power have permitted the development of comprehensive knowledge-based software to predict the metabolic fate of chemicals. In addition, machine-based learning tools allow the prediction of chromatographic retention times (RT) or collision cross section (CCS) values when using ion mobility spectrometry (IMS). These tools can ease data evaluation and strengthen the confidence in the identification of compounds. The current work explores the capabilities of in silico prediction tools, refined by the use of RT and CCS prediction, to prioritize and facilitate nontarget liquid chromatography (LC)-IMS-HRMS data processing. The fate of the insecticide pirimiphos-methyl (PM) in farmed Atlantic salmon exposed to contaminated feed was used as a case study. The theoretical prediction of 60 potentially relevant biological PM metabolites permitted the prioritization of screening in different salmon tissues (liver, kidney, bile, muscle, and fat) of known and unknown PM metabolites. An average of 43 potential positives was found in the sample matrixes based on the accurate mass of protonated molecules (mass error ≤5 ppm). The application of different tolerance filters for RT (Δ ≤ 2 min) and CCS (Δ ≤ 6%) based on predicted values permitted us to reduce this number up to 66% of the features. Finally, five PM metabolites could be identified; two known metabolites (2-DAMP and N-desethyl PM) were confirmed with a standard, whereas three previously unknown metabolites (2-DAMP glucuronide, didesethyl PM, and hydroxy-2-DAMP glucuronide) were tentatively identified in different matrixes, allowing the first proposition of a metabolic pathway in fish.

Published
2019

47. The initiation of puberty in Atlantic salmon brings about large changes in testicular gene expression that are modulated by the energy status

Author

Crespo, Diego, Bogerd, Jan, Sambroni, Elisabeth, Legac, Florence, Andersson, Eva, Edvardsen, Rolf B., Bergman, Elisabeth Jönsson, Björnsson, Björn Thrandur, Taranger, Geir Lasse, Schulz, Rüdiger W., Sub Developmental Biology, Developmental Biology, Universiteit Utrecht, Laboratoire de Physiologie et Génomique des Poissons (LPGP), Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), University of Gothenburg (GU), Norwegian Ministry of Fisheries and Coastal Affairs [12622], European Union [LIFECYCLE FP7-222719], Sub Developmental Biology, Developmental Biology, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Institute of Marine Research [Bergen] (IMR), University of Bergen (UiB), and European Project: 222719,EC:FP7:KBBE,FP7-KBBE-2007-2A,LIFECYCLE(2009)

Subjects
Male, 0106 biological sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 01 natural sciences, Transcriptome, poisson, Testis, Sexual Maturation, saumon de l'atlantique, voie signalétique wnt, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, salmonidae, 0303 health sciences, Wnt signaling pathway, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, androgène, Sertoli cell, medicine.anatomical_structure, puberte, Androgens, testicule, Gonadotropin, expression des gènes, Research Article, Biotechnology, medicine.medical_specialty, lcsh:QH426-470, medicine.drug_class, lcsh:Biotechnology, Salmo salar, spermatogenèse, Biology, reproduction, 03 medical and health sciences, lcsh:TP248.13-248.65, Internal medicine, Genetics, medicine, Animals, 14. Life underwater, Epigenetics, analyse du transcriptome, Spermatogenesis, Transcriptomics, 030304 developmental biology, Nutrition, puberty, androgens, nutrition, spermatogenesis, testis, transcriptomics, transcriptomique, Gene Expression Profiling, Puberty, stress oxydatif, Androgen, lcsh:Genetics, Endocrinology, Nuclear receptor, Energy Metabolism, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Background When puberty starts before males reach harvest size, animal welfare and sustainability issues occur in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) aquaculture. Hallmarks of male puberty are an increased proliferation activity in the testis and elevated androgen production. Examining transcriptional changes in salmon testis during the transition from immature to maturing testes may help understanding the regulation of puberty, potentially leading to procedures to modulate its start. Since differences in body weight influence, via unknown mechanisms, the chances for entering puberty, we used two feed rations to create body weight differences. Results Maturing testes were characterized by an elevated proliferation activity of Sertoli cells and of single undifferentiated spermatogonia. Pituitary gene expression data suggest increased Gnrh receptor and gonadotropin gene expression, potentially responsible for the elevated circulating androgen levels in maturing fish. Transcriptional changes in maturing testes included a broad variety of signaling systems (e.g. Tgfβ, Wnt, insulin/Igf, nuclear receptors), but also, activation of metabolic pathways such as anaerobic metabolism and protection against ROS. Feed restriction lowered the incidence of puberty. In males maturing despite feed restriction, plasma androgen levels were higher than in maturing fish receiving the full ration. A group of 449 genes that were up-regulated in maturing fully fed fish, was up-regulated more prominently in testis from fish maturing under caloric restriction. Moreover, 421 genes were specifically up-regulated in testes from fish maturing under caloric restriction, including carbon metabolism genes, a pathway relevant for nucleotide biosynthesis and for placing epigenetic marks. Conclusions Undifferentiated spermatogonia and Sertoli cell populations increased at the beginning of puberty, which was associated with the up-regulation of metabolic pathways (e.g. anaerobic and ROS pathways) known from other stem cell systems. The higher androgen levels in males maturing under caloric restriction may be responsible for the stronger up-regulation of a common set of (449) maturation-associated genes, and the specific up-regulation of another set of (421) genes. The latter opened regulatory and/or metabolic options for initiating puberty despite feed restriction. As a means to reduce the incidence of male puberty in salmon, however, caloric restriction seems unsuitable. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-019-5869-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Published
2019

48. What can the shell tell about the scallop? Using growth trajectories along latitudinal and bathymetric gradients to reconstruct physiological history with DEB theory

Author

Aurélie Jolivet, Fred Jean, Eric Rannou, Øivind Strand, Romain Lavaud, Jonathan Flye-Sainte-Marie, Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Mathématiques de Bretagne Atlantique (LMBA), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Marine Research [Bergen] (IMR), University of Bergen (UiB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ANR-11-LABX-0020,LEBESGUE,Centre de Mathématiques Henri Lebesgue : fondements, interactions, applications et Formation(2011)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, crassostrea-gigas, sea, Dynamic energy budget, coastal waters, Growth, Aquatic Science, Biology, energy budget model, Oceanography, Spatial distribution, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, bivalve, Life history theory, Sclerochronology, Environmental reconstruction, Phytoplankton, Bathymetric gradient, Pecten maximus, great scallop, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, pecten-maximus, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, food, ACL, Modeling, Pelagic zone, biology.organism_classification, Latitudinal gradient, Benthic zone, feeding-activity, phytoplankton, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Dynamic Energy Budget
Abstract

WOS:000453497600019; International audience; The great scallop, Pecten maximus, presents a strong variability of growth and reproductive patterns along its spatial distribution range. Such differences in life history traits result from complex interactions between organisms and environmental conditions that can be apprehended through the study of energy dynamics. As the determination of accurate food proxy can be a limitation for modeling bioenergetic, recent work by Lavaud et al. (accepted, this issue), based on the DEB theory, provided a new approach consisting of using temperature and growth time series to reconstruct the required assimilated energy to support observed growth. In this study we present an application of this method to growth trajectories of the great scallop P. maximus used to elucidate: (1) life history traits patterns and (2) the choice of food availability proxies. The inverted DEB model was used to reconstruct the functional response (f) for different age classes of P. maximus in 10 locations of its spatial distribution range. We especially explored the patterns of reconstructed f along latitudinal and bathymetric gradients. Average reconstructed f as well as its maximum value were found to increase with latitude. The variability off, although increasing, did not show a significant relationship with the geographical position. Along the bathymetric gradient strong positive relationships were found between the mean f or its variability and depth. Ontogeny had low effect on the reconstructed f. Furthermore, as the inverted DEB model allows the reconstruction of physiological variables and energy fluxes, we explored the potential differences in reserve and maintenance fluxes dynamics from great scallops living in these contrasting environments. For one of the study sites, comparisons of f with field measurements of 11 food indicators (chlorophyll-a from the pelagic/benthic domains, phytoplankton cell counts, etc.) highlighted the complexity of the functional response and the diet of P. maximus. Pelagic or benthic phytoplankton biovolume, diatoms and dinoflagellates counts and chlorophyll-a were found to be the major contributors to the variability of f. Results suggest that although assimilation is best described by a combination of indicators, chlorophyll-a remains a good enough indicator of food availability for great scallops and bivalves in general.

Published
2019

49. A participatory scenario method to explore the future of marine social‐ecological systems

Author

Olivier Thébaud, Per Arneberg, Christian Mullon, Anne Britt Sandø, Arne Eide, Geir Ottersen, Alf Håkon Hoel, Benjamin Planque, Thorbjørn Thorvik, Martin Sommerkorn, Susa Niiranen, Jean-Marc Fromentin, Johanna J. Heymans, Tromsø department (IMR), Institute of Marine Research [Bergen] (IMR), University of Bergen (UiB)-University of Bergen (UiB), MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The Arctic University of Norway (UiT), Scottish Association for Marine Science (SAMS), Stockholm University, University of Bergen (UiB), Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research (BCCR), Department of Biological Sciences [Bergen] (BIO / UiB), Aménagement des Usages des Ressources et des Espaces marins et littoraux - Centre de droit et d'économie de la mer (AMURE), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and The Arctic University of Norway [Tromsø, Norway] (UiT)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, participatory, Context (language use), Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, Ecological systems theory, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, participatory fisheries management, Political science, Barents Sea, 14. Life underwater, Scenario analysis, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, uncertainty, Environmental planning, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, VDP::Agriculture and fishery disciplines: 900::Fisheries science: 920::Resource biology: 921, VDP::Landbruks- og Fiskerifag: 900::Fiskerifag: 920::Ressursbiologi: 921, Vision, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Corporate governance, Citizen journalism, storylines, fisheries management, 13. Climate action, multiple perspectives, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Fisheries management, future studies, Futures contract
Abstract

Source at https://doi.org/10.1111/faf.12356. Anticipating future changes in marine social‐ecological systems (MSES) several decades into the future is essential in the context of accelerating global change. This is challenging in situations where actors do not share common understandings, practices, or visions about the future. We introduce a dedicated scenario method for the development of MSES scenarios in a participatory context. The objective is to allow different actors to jointly develop scenarios which contain their multiple visions of the future. The method starts from four perspectives: “fisheries management,” “ecosystem,” “ocean climate,” and “global context and governance” for which current status and recent trends are summarized. Contrasted scenarios about possible futures are elaborated for each of the four single perspectives before being integrated into multiple‐perspective scenarios. Selected scenarios are then developed into storylines. Focusing on individual perspectives until near the end allows actors with diverse cultures, interests and horizons to confront their own notions of the future. We illustrate the method with the exploration of the futures of the Barents Sea MSES by 2050. We emphasize the following lessons learned: first, many actors are not familiar with scenario building and attention must be paid to explaining the purpose, methodology, and benefits of scenarios exercises. Second, although the Barents Sea MSES is relatively well understood, uncertainties about its future are significant. Third, it is important to focus on unlikely events. Fourth, all perspectives should be treated equally. Fifth, as MSES are continuously changing, we can only be prepared for future changes if we collectively keep preparing.

Published
2019

50. Dynamical controls on the longevity of a non-linear vortex : The case of the Lofoten Basin Eddy

Author

Jonathan M. Lilly, Anthony Bosse, Ilker Fer, Henrick Søiland, Geophysical Institute [Bergen] (GFI / BiU), University of Bergen (UiB), Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research (BCCR), Department of Biological Sciences [Bergen] (BIO / UiB), University of Bergen (UiB)-University of Bergen (UiB), Theiss Research, and Institute of Marine Research [Bergen] (IMR)

Subjects
Convection, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, lcsh:Medicine, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Article, Physics::Fluid Dynamics, Fluid dynamics, Potential vorticity, 14. Life underwater, lcsh:Science, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Multidisciplinary, Physical oceanography, 010505 oceanography, lcsh:R, Energetics, Energy budget, Vortex, Heat flux, 13. Climate action, Anticyclone, lcsh:Q, Hydrography, Geology
Abstract

The Lofoten Basin is the largest oceanic reservoir of heat in the Nordic Seas, and the site of important heat fluxes to the atmosphere. An intense permanent anticyclone in the basin impacts the regional hydrography, energetics, and ecosystem. Repeated sampling of this Lofoten Basin Eddy from dedicated cruises, autonomous profiling gliders, and acoustically-tracked subsurface floats enables the documentation of its dynamics and energetics over the course of 15 months. The eddy core, in nearly solid-body rotation, exhibits an unusually low vertical vorticity close to the local inertial frequency and important strain rates at the periphery. Subsurface floats as deep as 800 m are trapped within the core for their entire deployment duration (up to 15 months). The potential vorticity is reduced in the core by two orders of magnitude relative to the surroundings, creating a barrier. In the winter, this barrier weakens and lateral exchanges and heat flux between the eddy and the surroundings increase, apparently the result of dynamical instabilities and a possible eddy merger. Based on a simple energy budget, the dissipation timescale for the eddy energy is three years, during which wintertime convection seasonally modulates potential and kinetic energy.

Published
2019

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