Search

Your search keyword '"Institute of Environmental Sciences"' showing total 5,392 results
Start Over Author "Institute of Environmental Sciences"
5,392 results on '"Institute of Environmental Sciences"'

1. Verbind klimaat en biodiversiteit: Voor de samenleving, economie en natuur

Author

Erisman (ed), Jan Willem; Leiden University | Institute of Environmental Sciences, Russchenberg (ed), Herman; Delft University of Technology | Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Broerze (ed), Annelot; Delft University of Technology | Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Lammers (ed), Joran; Leiden-Delft-Erasmus Initiative Climate and Biodiversity, Erisman (ed), Jan Willem; Leiden University | Institute of Environmental Sciences, Russchenberg (ed), Herman; Delft University of Technology | Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Broerze (ed), Annelot; Delft University of Technology | Civil Engineering and Geosciences, and Lammers (ed), Joran; Leiden-Delft-Erasmus Initiative Climate and Biodiversity

Abstract

Wetenschappers en beleidsmakers bezien klimaat en biodiversiteit nu nog vaak onafhankelijk van elkaar. Vanuit een systeemaanpak, waarbij we oorzaken van biodiversiteitsverlies en klimaatverandering in samenhang benaderen, kunnen we ons richten op de juiste keuzes die transformaties in gang zetten. Die transformaties zijn nodig om een duurzame toekomst voor mens en natuur te bereiken. Wetenschappers laten zien hoe die toekomst haalbaar is. De VN-panels IPCC (klimaat) en IPBES (biodiversiteit) stellen dat daarvoor wel grote veranderingen nodig zijn van ons voedsel-, energie-, industrie-, transport- en stedelijke systeem. In deze uitgave vertellen wetenschappers van de universiteiten van Leiden-Delft-Erasmus daarover. English summaryCurrently, scientists and policymakers often view climate and biodiversity independently. From a systems approach, in which we approach causes of biodiversity loss and climate change in conjunction, we can focus on the right choices that trigger transformations. Those transformations are needed to achieve a sustainable future for people and nature. Scientists are showing how that future is achievable. The UN panels IPCC (climate) and IPBES (biodiversity) argue that major changes are required to our food, energy, industrial, transport, and urban systems. In this publication, scientists from the Leiden-Delft-Erasmus universities talk about this.

Published
2024

2. Review Paper on Surface Water-Quality Assessment of Chitravati River after the Establishment of Check- Dam in Puttaparthi, Andhra Pradesh

Author

Dr. Sai Sathish Ramamurthy, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Department of Chemistry, Banerjee, Neebir; Student (M.Sc.), Environmental Sciences, Amity University Noida, Noida - 201301, Uttar Pradesh, Ramamurthy, Sai Sathish; Assistant Professor, Department of Chemistry, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Puttaparthi - 515134, Andhra Pradesh, K.M., Ganesh; Research Associate, Department of Chemistry, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Puttaparthi - 515134, Andhra Pradesh, Jindal, Tanu; Additional Group Pro VC (R&D) and Director AIES & AIETSM, Amity University Noida, Noida - 201301, Uttar Pradesh, Shukla, Kartikeya; Assistant Professor, Amity Institute of Environmental Sciences (AIES), Amity University Noida, Noida - 201301, Uttar Pradesh, Dr. Sai Sathish Ramamurthy, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Department of Chemistry, Banerjee, Neebir; Student (M.Sc.), Environmental Sciences, Amity University Noida, Noida - 201301, Uttar Pradesh, Ramamurthy, Sai Sathish; Assistant Professor, Department of Chemistry, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Puttaparthi - 515134, Andhra Pradesh, K.M., Ganesh; Research Associate, Department of Chemistry, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Puttaparthi - 515134, Andhra Pradesh, Jindal, Tanu; Additional Group Pro VC (R&D) and Director AIES & AIETSM, Amity University Noida, Noida - 201301, Uttar Pradesh, and Shukla, Kartikeya; Assistant Professor, Amity Institute of Environmental Sciences (AIES), Amity University Noida, Noida - 201301, Uttar Pradesh

Abstract

Puttaparthi is a birthplace of Bhagawan Sri Sathya Sai Baba and is a small town situated in the district of Anantapur, in Andhra Pradesh. Chitravathi River is the main water-body in Puttaparthi. The river remained dry for many years. Only in the recent years, rainfall events fed water to the river. Last year in 2019 a check-dam was also constructed in Puttaparthi due to which the river water has been stagnant. This review paper aims to assess the surface water quality of the Chitravati River in Puttaparthi after the establishment of the check-dam. In this regard, literature reviews were performed and the paragraphs in the literature reviews were arranged as per three major themes, which are: 1. check-dams, 2. water-quality assessment and monitoring, and 3. non-perennial river systems. By examining these three themes through the literature reviews, key inferences were made. For instance, it can be understood that the check-dam in Puttaparthi is an important water-storage structure, which is likely to have both positive and negative impacts upon the nearby region. Secondly, in order to examine water-bodies like the Chitravati River in Puttaparthi, we have to perform water quality assessment and monitoring. To perform water quality assessment and monitoring for the Chitravati River in Puttaparthi; we have to use important tools like the Water Quality Index (WQI), Water Pollution Index (WPI), and Water Poverty Index (WPI). Thirdly, non-perennial river systems such as intermittent rivers, ephemeral rivers and their key features have been stressed upon by several readings. These are river systems where a river ceases to flow for some months or for several yearas. The Chitravati River in Puttaparthi can be appropriately classified as a non-perennial river system and as an intermittent river. Finally, this review paper concludes through a personal reflection, which stresses upon studying the Chitravati River in Puttaparthi and how the literature reviews will help in this re

Published
2020

3. Emerging investigator series: the dynamics of particle size distributions need to be accounted for in bioavailability modelling of nanoparticles

Author

Vijver, Martina G., Zhai, Yujia, Wang, Zhuang, Peijnenburg, Willie, Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), and School of Environmental Science and Engineering

Abstract

We propose to include the time-dependent size distribution of dispersed and internalized nanoparticles (NPs) in the ecotoxicological evaluation of exposure of biota to NPs and to develop tools to add the particle dynamics in the bioavailability modelling of NPs.

Published
2018

4. Nanoparticles induce dermal and intestinal innate immune system responses in zebrafish embryos

Author

Brun, Nadja R., Koch, Bjørn E. V., Varela, Mónica, Peijnenburg, Willie J. G. M., Spaink, Herman P., Vijver, Martina G., Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), and Institute of Biology

Subjects
animal structures, embryonic structures
Abstract

Metal and plastic nanoparticles elicit innate immune responses in the skin and intestine of zebrafish embryos potentially serving as key event for AOPs.

Published
2018

5. taxize source code and program files

Author

Scott A. Chamberlain Biology Department, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Dr, Burnaby, BC, Canada, V5A 1S6 and Eduard Szocs Institute for Environmental Sciences, University Koblenz-Landau, Fortstr. 7, 76829 Landau, Germany

Abstract

This is the code used in our article published in F1000Research entitled: taxize: taxonomic search and retrieval in R, without the accompanying text and description. This code should run in R without problems. Email scott@ropensci.org with any questions or problems.

Published
2013
Full Text
View/download PDF

6. Deposition of base-cations in Europe and its role in acid neutralization and forest nutrition

Author

Draaijers GPJ, Leeuwen EP van, Jong PGH de, Erisman JW, LLO, TNO Institute of Environmental Sciences, and Energy Research and Process Innovation.

Subjects
forests, kartering, deposition, europa, acidification, neutralisation, basisische cationen, verzuring, nutrients, neutraliseren, nutrienten, map, kaart, mapping, europe, depositie, base-cations
Abstract

In relatie tot de verzuringsproblematiek wordt meestal weinig aandacht besteed aan de rol van basische kationen zoals Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+ en K+. Echter, door depositie van basische kationen kan een deel van de zure depositie geneutraliseerd worden. Daarnaast zijn basische kationen belangrijke nutrienten voor ecosystemen. Tot op heden zijn op Europese schaal geen betrouwbare depositieschattingen voor basische kationen aanwezig, alhoewel deze informatie nodig is voor het bepalen van kritische depositiewaarden en haar overschrijdingen. In dit rapport worden kaarten van de totale (natte en droge) depositie in Europa gepresenteerd welke zijn gebaseerd op de zogenaamde 'inferentie' modellering. De natte depositie is gekarteerd op basis van resultaten van veldmetingen op meer dan 600 lokaties verspreid over Europa. De berekende depositievelden weerspiegelen de geografische variatie in bronnen, landgebruik en klimaat. Vergelijking met berekende potentieel zure deposities laat zien dat in Zuid-Europa over het algemeen meer dan 50% van de potentieel zure depositie geneutraliseerd wordt door depositie van basische kationen. In Centraal- en Noordwest-Europa is dit in de regel minder dan 25%. De laagste depositie van basische kationen in verhouding tot de depositie van potentieel zuur vindt plaats in Zuid-Scandinavie, Denemarken, Noord-Duitsland en Nederland. Voor de neutralisatie van zuurvormende anionen in neerslag werd een vergelijkbaar ruimtelijk patroon gevonden. De gemodelleerde deposities komen goed overeen met depositieschattingen die op 174 locaties verspreid over Europa gemaakt zijn op basis van doorval- en neerslagmetingen, zeker gezien de relatief grote onzekerheid in beide schattingen. Gemiddeld waren de schattingen niet significant verschillend. Wel bleek het model de droge depositie op bossen nabij lokale bronnen systematisch te onderschatten. Met behulp van foutenvoortplantings-technieken is voor een gemiddelde gridcel van 10x20 km in Europa de toevallige en systematische fout in de totale depositie van basische kationen geschat op 35-50%, respectievelijk 25-40%.

Published
2012

8. Energy Sources for Soldier Modernisation Programme Systems (Overzicht van Ontwikkelingen op het Gebied van Draagbare Energieopslag en Energieopwekking)

Author

INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES ENERGY RESEARCH AND PROCESS INNOVATION TNO APELDOORN (NETHERLANDS), Raadschelders, J. W., Schmal, D., INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES ENERGY RESEARCH AND PROCESS INNOVATION TNO APELDOORN (NETHERLANDS), Raadschelders, J. W., and Schmal, D.

Abstract

In this report an overview is given of the energy sources and their properties which might be implemented in a future soldier system. In chapter 3 the general specifications for the energy source are given. They are based on data from the Royal Netherlands Army and the US Army. From these data it results that a potential energy source has to be able to generate a minimum of 10 W and a maximum of 35 W and to deliver a total of 400 Wh in 24 hours. Little is yet known about the energy consumption of the systems currently under development at the TNO-Defence research institutes. It is clear that the energy consumption of a future system so far has not been a major point of consideration. In chapter 4 a global overview is given of the possible energy sources which might be applied in the future soldier systems. A subdivision has been made between four different energy sources: 1. Systems which store electrical energy. 2. Systems which convert fuel into electrical energy. 3. Human powered systems. 4. Systems powered by external forces. For these four the specific properties, advantages and disadvantages are treated of the available systems. Also the systems which are currently under development and expected to become available in reasonable time are mentioned. An overview of the developments for soldier modernization in the United States. referred to as "The dismounted soldier" is given in Annex A. In chapter 5 a first selection of energy sources which might be applied in the future soldier systems based on the general specifications given in chapter 3, has been made. A subdivision has been made between the short term and long term options. Long term options are expected to become available for large scale consumption only after more than 5 years from now. From this first selection it has turned out that, for the short term batteries are the most viable option., Text in Dutch; Abstract in Dutch and English.

Published
1999

9. Model for a Polymer Fuel Cell with Diesel Reformer for use in the Integrated Energy Model GES

Author

INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES ENERGY RESEARCH AND PROCESS INNOVATION TNO APELDOORN (NETHERLANDS), Nienoord, M., Schmal, D., INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES ENERGY RESEARCH AND PROCESS INNOVATION TNO APELDOORN (NETHERLANDS), Nienoord, M., and Schmal, D.

Abstract

The TNO Centre of Mechanical Engineering has developed an integrated energy system model called GES, which can be used to do calculations on the complete energy system of (electrical) ships on efficiency, cost, sizes etc. The ongoing development of fuel cells for vehicle traction makes it possible that fuel cells will come into a stage in the coming years where they will be applied on board of naval ships. Therefore the Royal Netherlands Navy has asked TNO-MEP to supply a model for the fuel cell system using diesel as a fuel. From a literature survey it was concluded that for the polymer fuel cell ample information is available for modelling of the fuel cell, but not for modelling of the processor which is required to convert diesel into hydrogen for the fuel cell. For modelling of the processor, a study of ECN, carried out for the Royal Netherlands Navy on fuel cell systems, has been used. On the basis of a number of changes and additions the results have been made applicable for use in GES. For a fuel cell power range of 1 to 7 MW calculations have been carried out resulting in data for energy and mass flows for the various compounds, as well as volumes for use in GES. Also part load calculations have been performed for these powers. The result of the project is a number of tables describing the behavior and physical data of the fuel cell systems for implementation in GES., Text in Dutch. Abstract in English.

Published
1999

10. Advanced Rechargeable Batteries, Phase 2.

Author

INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES ENERGY RESEARCH AND PROCESS INNOVATION TNO APELDOORN (NETHERLANDS), Schmal, D., ter Veen, W. R., Kluiters, C. E., INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES ENERGY RESEARCH AND PROCESS INNOVATION TNO APELDOORN (NETHERLANDS), Schmal, D., ter Veen, W. R., and Kluiters, C. E.

Abstract

In the framework of the programme Advanced rechargeable batteries, intended to evaluate the suitability. the applicability and possible problems of advanced batteries on naval ships (both surface and submarine) studies and tests have been performed on two promising battery types, not only from a technical point of view, but also because it was expected that they could become available commercially in the mid term. The batteries investigated were the nickel metalhydride battery (from DAUG) and the sodium nickelchloride battery (from AABH. part of AEG). The nickel metalhydride battery has been tested on a number of general aspects. The sodium nickelchloride battery has been tested especially for submarine application, as an alternative for the current lead acid battery. Both types of batteries performed well and in agreement with the expectations from brochures and supplier information. Further it was proved that the batteries can withstand abnormal conditions, like short circuiting and overcharge. At the end of the testing period, however, AABH announced that they will stop with the further development of the sodium nickelchloride battery. Therefore (as long as no other company takes over) it is adviced to do further detailed testing only with the nickel metalhydride battery. Beside that, it is adviced to pay also attention to the most interesting long term battery, viz. the lithium battery., Text in Dutch; Abstract in English and Dutch.

Published
1999

11. Testing of a 1kW De Nora Solid Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell in Combination With a Lead Acid Battery (Het Testen van een 1 kW De Nora Vaste Polymeer Elektrolyt Brandstofcel in Combinatie Met een Loodzwavelzuuraccu; Eindrapport

Author

INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES ENERGY RESEARCH AND PROCESS INNOVATION TNO APELDOORN (NETHERLANDS), Kluiters, E. E., ter Veen, W. R., Schmal, D., INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES ENERGY RESEARCH AND PROCESS INNOVATION TNO APELDOORN (NETHERLANDS), Kluiters, E. E., ter Veen, W. R., and Schmal, D.

Abstract

The development of fuel cells for traction accelerated the last years because of severe emission demands for road vehicles. Because of these rapid developments a commercial application in 5 to 10 years is feasible which means that the fuel cell can be used for the generation of electric energy on board of naval ships currently being developed. In the application of fuel cells and the integration in a ship's system, the combination with a battery is important. To get insight in the possible problems involved, TNO has carried out orientating tests with a fuel cell/battery combination. The underlying report describes the results. The tests carried out are related to charging of the battery with the fuel cell (at various initial states of charge of the battery) and taking a continuously increasing power out of the fuel cell/battery combination. No tests with a DC/DC converter have been carried out so far, because battery and fuel cell voltage were adapted to each other and because of the orientating character of the study. The tests show that this is possible without any problems. However, in practice, DC/DC converters will generally be required for various reasons. Therefore further development and testing of this combination, including DC/DC converters, control equipment etc. is advised., Text in Dutch.

Published
1998

12. Het testen van een 1 kW De Nora vaste polymeer elekrolyt brandstofcel voor toepassing op oppervlakteschepen. Deel 2. Eindrapport fase 1 (Testing of a 1kW De Nora Solid Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell for Application on Board of Naval Surface Ships. Part 2. Final Report, Phase I).

Author

INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES ENERGY RESEARCH AND PROCESS INNOVATION TNO APELDOORN (NETHERLANDS), Kluiters, C. E., Schmal, D., INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES ENERGY RESEARCH AND PROCESS INNOVATION TNO APELDOORN (NETHERLANDS), Kluiters, C. E., and Schmal, D.

Abstract

The development of fuel cells for traction accelerated the last years because of more strick emission demands for road vehicles. The solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) has good chances for this application also for application on board of ships. A 1 kW PEFC stack was purchased from the Italian firm De Nora to obtain practical experience with this type of stack. Via a dedicated computer controlled fuel cell test system the fuel cell can be loaded according to any desired load pattern. 196 tests were executed with the stack (a total of approximately 73 kWh was delivered by the stack). Decrease of the hydrogen stoichiometry from 1.5 down to 1.05 and increase of the air stoichiometry from 1.5 up to 2.0 is of no influence to the performance of the stack. An decrease of the air stoichiometry to 1.3 gives no problems but has energetically no advantages. The stack temperature has the most influence on the performance of the stack (100 A continuously is possible at temperatures above 40 deg C). The dead end configuration works very well. The deviations in cell voltages increase with the current and are, in case they are not too high, of no concern. After 1 year and 3 months of testing the cell voltages have decreased in value between the 1 and 14%. This implicates that the performance (power) of the stack has decreased with approximately 4.4% (with increases of cell voltages and without taken cell 14 into account). The electric (voltage) efficiency lies on average between 36 % (150 A) and 83% (0 A). The tested fuel cell meets the given vibration and shock requirements and shows no sign of damage at pressure differences up to 10 bars between the hydrogen and air compartment., Text in Dutch. Summary in Dutch and English.

Published
1997

13. Geavanceerde oplaadbare batterijen. Eindrapport fase 1 (Advanced Rechargeable Batteries, Final Report Phase 1).

Author

INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES ENERGY RESEARCH AND PROCESS INNOVATION TNO APELDOORN (NETHERLANDS), Veen, W. R. ter, INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES ENERGY RESEARCH AND PROCESS INNOVATION TNO APELDOORN (NETHERLANDS), and Veen, W. R. ter

Abstract

With respect to more efficient electrical energy supply on ships, storage systems like rechargeable batteries are an important issue. Acting from an increasing need and higher, more specific, requirements for these storage systems, extensive research in a wide area on this field is conducted on an international scale. To stay informed on these developments and for being able to make a selection of a battery for certain purposes, these developments need to be followed at close range. Therefore the discussed project was initiated. A phased plan has been proposed for a timespan of 5 years with the target: to be able to make an educated judgement about battery systems considered to be used within the Royal Netherlands Navy. In this report a summary is presented of phase 1 of the project which mainly had an orientating character., Text in Dutch. Summary in Dutch and English.

Published
1997

14. Deposition of base-cations in Europe and its role in acid neutralization and forest nutrition

Author

LLO, TNO Institute of Environmental Sciences, Energy Research and Process Innovation., Draaijers GPJ, Leeuwen EP van, Jong PGH de, Erisman JW, LLO, TNO Institute of Environmental Sciences, Energy Research and Process Innovation., Draaijers GPJ, Leeuwen EP van, Jong PGH de, and Erisman JW

Abstract

RIVM rapport:In relatie tot de verzuringsproblematiek wordt meestal weinig aandacht besteed aan de rol van basische kationen zoals Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+ en K+. Echter, door depositie van basische kationen kan een deel van de zure depositie geneutraliseerd worden. Daarnaast zijn basische kationen belangrijke nutrienten voor ecosystemen. Tot op heden zijn op Europese schaal geen betrouwbare depositieschattingen voor basische kationen aanwezig, alhoewel deze informatie nodig is voor het bepalen van kritische depositiewaarden en haar overschrijdingen. In dit rapport worden kaarten van de totale (natte en droge) depositie in Europa gepresenteerd welke zijn gebaseerd op de zogenaamde 'inferentie' modellering. De natte depositie is gekarteerd op basis van resultaten van veldmetingen op meer dan 600 lokaties verspreid over Europa. De berekende depositievelden weerspiegelen de geografische variatie in bronnen, landgebruik en klimaat. Vergelijking met berekende potentieel zure deposities laat zien dat in Zuid-Europa over het algemeen meer dan 50% van de potentieel zure depositie geneutraliseerd wordt door depositie van basische kationen. In Centraal- en Noordwest-Europa is dit in de regel minder dan 25%. De laagste depositie van basische kationen in verhouding tot de depositie van potentieel zuur vindt plaats in Zuid-Scandinavie, Denemarken, Noord-Duitsland en Nederland. Voor de neutralisatie van zuurvormende anionen in neerslag werd een vergelijkbaar ruimtelijk patroon gevonden. De gemodelleerde deposities komen goed overeen met depositieschattingen die op 174 locaties verspreid over Europa gemaakt zijn op basis van doorval- en neerslagmetingen, zeker gezien de relatief grote onzekerheid in beide schattingen. Gemiddeld waren de schattingen niet significant verschillend. Wel bleek het model de droge depositie op bossen nabij lokale bronnen systematisch te onderschatten. Met behulp van foutenvoortplantings-technieken is voor een gemiddelde gridcel van 10x20 km in Europa de toevallige en systemat, In considering acidification problems, emphasis is seldom placed on the role of deposition of base-cations such as Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+ and K+. Besides their ability to neutralize acid input, base-cations are found to be important nutrient elements for ecosystems. Up to now no accurate estimates of base-cation deposition are available on a European scale, despite their indispensability for the estimation of critical loads as well as exceedances. In this report, maps of total (i.e. wet and dry) base-cation deposition in Europe, based on the so-called inferential modeling technique are presented. Wet deposition is mapped on the basis of field measurements made at approximately 600 sites scattered over Europe. Generally, deposition fields found resemble the geographic variability of sources, land use and climate. In large parts of southern Europe more than 50% of the potential acid deposition is found to be counteracted by deposition of the sum of non-sea salt Mg2+, Ca2+ and K+. In central and northwestern Europe base-cation deposition usually amounts to less than 25% of the acid input. The lowest base-cation deposition relative to potential acid deposition is found in southern Scandinavia, Denmark, northern Germany and the Netherlands. A similar spatial pattern is found for the neutralization of acid anions in precipitation. Modeled deposition estimates compare reasonably well with deposition estimates derived from throughfall and bulk-precipitation measurements made at 174 sites scattered over Europe, taking into account the relatively large uncertainty in both estimates. On average, no significant differences are found, but the model seems to underestimate dry deposition of base-cations near local sources. Using error propagation, the random and systematic errors in total deposition for an average grid cell of 10x20 km were estimated to equal 35-50% and 25-40%, respectively.

Published
1996

15. An organic-phase optical phenol biosensor coupling enzymatic oxidation with chemical reduction

Author

Wu, Xiao Jun, ChoiOn sabbatical leave at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill from July 2004 to July 20, Martin M. F., WuCurrent address: Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Xiao Min, SEPA, Nanjing, and China., P.R.

Abstract

This paper presents a recycle amplification optical biosensor to monitor phenol in hydrophobic organic solvents. Tyrosinase was first immobilised by entrapping it in a copolymer membrane of polyvinyl alcohol–hydroxyethyl carboxymethylcellulose doped with octadecylsilica particles. The biosensor was then constructed by co-mixing small particles of the immobilised tyrosinase with the adduct of l-ascorbic acid–polyvinyl alcohol AsA–PVA in conjunction with an optical oxygen transducer. The biosensor was characterised by its amplifying response to phenol, stable biocatalytic activity of entrapped-tyrosinase, free of interference from o-quinone polymerisation, and large water buffer capacity in hydrophobic organic solvents. The working range of the biosensor to phenol was 0.08–40 mmol dm−3in the flow mode. The response times 95 of the biosensor were 4–7 min for phenol. The operational lifetime was more than 40 assays and the shelf lifetime of the biosensor was longer than 3 months. The biosensor has been successfully applied to quantify the phenol contents in some commercial ointment samples.

Published
2004
Full Text
View/download PDF

16. Proceedings of Institute of Environmental Sciences Seminar on Testing Solar Energy Materials and Systems Held in Gaithersburg, Maryland on 22-24 May 1978.

Author

INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES MOUNT PROSPECT IL and INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES MOUNT PROSPECT IL

Abstract

The purpose of this seminar was to bring out to the entire technical community concerned with the utilization of solar energy, the problems of components and materials performance evaluation, new testing techniques being developed, and the need to standardize measurement and test procedures. Terrestrial solar irradiance measurement and the standardization of test procedures are a key to characterizing thermal performance of solar energy systems such as photovoltaic, thermal power, and solar collectors for heating and cooling. Presentations by the technical community of the existing methods of measurement and test facilities expanded the understanding of terrestrial solar energy utilization and application. (MM)

Published
1978

17. Research study for the development of dredged material disposal criteria: Final report

Author

Lee, G. Fred, University of Texas at Dallas. Institute for Environmental Sciences; Environmental Effects Laboratory (U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station), Lee, G. Fred, and University of Texas at Dallas. Institute for Environmental Sciences; Environmental Effects Laboratory (U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station)

Abstract

C - / CONTRACT REPORT D-75-4 RESEARCH STUDY FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF DREDGED MATERIAL DISPOSAL CRITERIA by G. Fred Lee, Marvin D. Piwoni, José M. Lopez, George M. Mariani, Jeannie S. Richardson, David H. Homer, and Farida Saleh Institute for Environmental Sciences University of Texas at Dallas Richardson, Texas 75080 November 1975 Final Report Approved For Public Release; Distribution Unlimited Preparedfor Environmental Effects Laboratory U. S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station P. O. Box 631, Vicksburg, Miss. 39180 Under Contract No. DACW-39-74-C-0024 (DMRP Work Unit IE03) I iP LU S RECLAMATION L ffp2Gfi ARY feWS&ii oi Rgclamaik^t Denver, Colorado Destroy th is report when no longer needed. Do not return i t to the or iginator . BUREf,lj.1? Ì 1? ^ ^ . A T,0N DENVER LIBRARY % DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION. CORPS OF ENGINEERS P: O. BOX 631 VICKSBURG, MISSISSIPPI 39180 IN R E P L Y R E F E R TO: WESYV 30 November 1975 SUBJECT: Transmittal of Contract Report D-75-^ TO: All Report Recipients 1. The Dredged Material Research Program (DMRP) is a broad multifaceted investigation of the environmental impacts and aspects of dredged mate­rial discharge and includes the development of new or improved disposal alternatives. In the early stages of the DMRP*s problem definition and assessment and research program development phases, it became apparent that an understanding of the actual pollution potential of dredging and discharging of sediments required substantial state-of-the-art improve­ment in a number of fundamental aspects. Particularly critical were basic matters of sediment chemistry relating to the locations of pollu­tants within the fine-grained and organic sediments often involved in dredging projects and, dependent upon these locations, their actual availability to the environment to cause water-quality and/or biological effects. 2. While a several-year-long outline of relevant research was devel­oped and initiated, it became apparent tha

Published
1975

18. A Guide to the George Palmiter river restoration techniques

Author

Institute of Environmental Sciences and Institute of Environmental Sciences

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to explore an interesting alternative to traditional methods for reducing flooding and erosion. This alternative method which was developed and practiced by George Palmiter in northwestern Ohio, North Carolina, and Tennessee, appeared to deserve a close examination since it had strong local support and appeared effective while at the same time being inexpensive and ecologically sensible. Further, it does not require heavy equipment. However, the method is labor intensive, does not provide high levels of flood protection, and must be performed periodically in an area in order to maintain effectiveness., Item donated by the Upper Mississippi River Conservation Committee (UMRCC) to Murphy Library in 2018. Part of the UMRCC Collection housed at Murphy Library, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse.

Published
1982

19. Lunar eclipses illuminate timing and climate impact of medieval volcanism

Author

Guillet, Sébastien, Corona, Christophe, Oppenheimer, Clive, Lavigne, Franck, Khodri, Myriam, Ludlow, Francis, Sigl, Michael, Toohey, Matthew, Atkins, Paul S, Yang, Zhen, Muranaka, Tomoko, Horikawa, Nobuko, Stoffel, Markus, Climate Change Impacts and Risks in the Anthropocene (C-CIA), Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (University of Geneva), Laboratoire de Géographie Physique et Environnementale (GEOLAB), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IR SHS UNILIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Laboratoire de géographie physique : Environnements Quaternaires et Actuels (LGP), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Trinity Centre for Environmental Humanities, Department of History, School of Histories & Humanities, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (Trinity College Dublin), Universität Bern [Bern] (UNIBE), Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada. (University of Saskatchewan), Department of Asian Languages & Literature, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA (University of Washington), Climate Change Impacts and Risks in the Anthropocene (C-CIA), Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. (University of Geneva), Department of Asian Languages & Literature, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. (University of Washington), ANR-11-IDEX-0004,SUPER,Sorbonne Universités à Paris pour l'Enseignement et la Recherche(2011), European Project: 820047,THERA, European Project: 951649,4-OCEANS, Guillet, Sébastien [0000-0002-0602-0518], Corona, Christophe [0000-0002-7645-6157], Oppenheimer, Clive [0000-0003-4506-7260], Khodri, Myriam [0000-0003-1941-1646], Ludlow, Francis [0000-0003-0008-0314], Toohey, Matthew [0000-0002-7070-405X], Atkins, Paul S. [0000-0002-4048-5036], Stoffel, Markus [0000-0003-0816-1303], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, and Atkins, Paul S [0000-0002-4048-5036]

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, 13 Climate Action, Multidisciplinary, 530 Physics, 520 Astronomy, article, 704/106/694/1108, 37 Earth Sciences, 3705 Geology, 3709 Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience, 530 Physik, [SHS.HISPHILSO]Humanities and Social Sciences/History, Philosophy and Sociology of Sciences, 540 Chemistry, 704/106/413, 550 Earth sciences & geology, 900 History
Abstract

Acknowledgements: S.G., C.C., M.K. and M. Stoffel were supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation Sinergia Project CALDERA (CRSII5_183571). S.G. acknowledges A. Harrak (Department of Near and Middle Eastern Civilizations, University of Toronto), F. Espenak (NASA Goddard Space Flight Center), F. Hierink (Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva) and P. Souyri (Department of East Asian Studies, University of Geneva) for providing advice on the manuscript. F. Lavigne was supported by Institut Universitaire de France (IUF, Academic Institute of France). M.K. received funding from the EUR IPSL – Climate Graduate School project, managed by the ANR within the “Investissements d’avenir” programme under reference ANR-11-IDEX-0004-17-EURE-0006. F. Ludlow received funding from an Irish Research Council Starting Laureate Award (CLICAB project, IRCLA/2017/303). F. Ludlow and Z.Y. also received funding from a European Research Council (ERC) Synergy Grant (4-OCEANS; grant agreement no. 951649) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme. M. Sigl received funding from the ERC under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement no. 820047). This paper is a product of the Volcanic Impacts on Climate and Society (VICS) working group., Explosive volcanism is a key contributor to climate variability on interannual to centennial timescales1. Understanding the far-field societal impacts of eruption-forced climatic changes requires firm event chronologies and reliable estimates of both the burden and altitude (that is, tropospheric versus stratospheric) of volcanic sulfate aerosol2, 3. However, despite progress in ice-core dating, uncertainties remain in these key factors4. This particularly hinders investigation of the role of large, temporally clustered eruptions during the High Medieval Period (HMP, 1100–1300 ce), which have been implicated in the transition from the warm Medieval Climate Anomaly to the Little Ice Age5. Here we shed new light on explosive volcanism during the HMP, drawing on analysis of contemporary reports of total lunar eclipses, from which we derive a time series of stratospheric turbidity. By combining this new record with aerosol model simulations and tree-ring-based climate proxies, we refine the estimated dates of five notable eruptions and associate each with stratospheric aerosol veils. Five further eruptions, including one responsible for high sulfur deposition over Greenland circa 1182 ce, affected only the troposphere and had muted climatic consequences. Our findings offer support for further investigation of the decadal-scale to centennial-scale climate response to volcanic eruptions.

Published
2023

20. Environmental and socioeconomic effects of mosquito control in Europe using the biocide Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (Bti)

Author

Laurence Després, Brigitte Poulin, Oliver Frör, Guillaume Tetreau, Stefanie Allgeier, Chandrashekhar D. Patil, Carsten A. Brühl, UNIVERSITY OF KOBLENZ LANDAU INSTITUTE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES LANDAU DEU, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Centre de recherches insulaires et observatoire de l'environnement (CRIOBE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Modélisation, restauration et gestion des écosystèmes, Centre de recherche de la Tour du Valat, Institut de biologie structurale (IBS - UMR 5075), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), INSTITUTE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES UNIVERSITY OF KOBLENZ LANDAU DEU, and Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)

Subjects
Chironomid, Environmental Engineering, Mosquito Control, Biocide, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Resistance, Population, Bacillus thuringiensis, Context (language use), 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Predation, Persistence, Environmental Chemistry, Animals, education, Pest Control, Biological, Waste Management and Disposal, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Trophic level, education.field_of_study, [SDV.BBM.BS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Structural Biology [q-bio.BM], Resistance (ecology), biology, Ecology, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Pollution, Bioinsecticide, Europe, Mosquito control, Socioeconomic Factors, Larva, Nuisance, Value, Disinfectants
Abstract

International audience; Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (Bti) has been used in mosquito control programs to reduce nuisance in Europe for decades and is generally considered an environmentally-safe, effective and target-specific biocide. However, the use of Bti is not uncontroversial. Target mosquitoes and affected midges represent an important food source for many aquatic and terrestrial predators and reduction of their populations is likely to result in food-web effects at higher trophic levels. In the context of global biodiversity loss, this appears particularly critical since treated wetlands are often representing conservation areas. In this review, we address the current large-scale use of Bti for mosquito nuisance control in Europe, provide a description of its regulation followed by an overview of the available evidence on the parameters that are essential to evaluate Bti use in mosquito control. Bti accumulation and toxin persistence could result in a chronic expose of mosquito populations ultimately affecting their susceptibility, although observed increase in resistance to Bti in mosquito populations is low due to the four toxins involved. A careful independent monitoring of mosquito susceptibility, using sensitive bioassays, is mandatory to detect resistance development timely. Direct Bti effects were documented for non-target chironomids and other invertebrate groups and are discussed for amphibians. Field studies revealed contrasting results on possible impacts on chironomid abundances. Indirect, food-web effects were rarely studied in the environment. Depending on study design and duration, Bti effects on higher trophic levels were demonstrated or not. Further long-term field studies are needed, especially with observations of bird declines in Bti-treated wetland areas. Socio-economic relevance of mosquito control requires considering nuisance, vector-borne diseases and environmental effects jointly. Existing studies indicate that a majority of the population is concerned regarding potential environmental effects of Bti mosquito control and that they are willing to pay for alternative, more environment-friendly techniques.

Published
2020

22. Seasonal variation in energy expenditure in a rodent inhabiting a winter-rainfall desert

Author

Alexandre Zahariev, Maria Gatta, Neville Pillay, Rebecca Rimbach, Stéphane Blanc, Carsten Schradin, School of Animal, Plant & Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand [Johannesburg] ( WITS ), Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie ( DEPE-IPHC ), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien ( IPHC ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ), University of Witwatersrand, School of Animal Plant & Environmental Science, University of Witwatersrand, Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, PO Box 9518, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands, University of the Witwatersrand [Johannesburg] (WITS), Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE-IPHC), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Environmental Sciences [Leiden] (CML), and Leiden University

Subjects
030110 physiology, 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Male, Physiology, Rain, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Physical activity level, Phenotype flexibility, [ SDE ] Environmental Sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Mice, Endocrinology, Dry season, Eco-physiology, Energetics, medicine, Temperate climate, Animals, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Field metabolic rate, Drought, Ecology, Temperature, Seasonality, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Droughts, 13. Climate action, Food, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Basal metabolic rate, Animal Science and Zoology, Female, Seasons, Energy Metabolism, Rhabdomys pumilio, Locomotion
Abstract

International audience; Animals that spend more energy than they obtain risk entering allostatic overload, reducing survival and fitness. They are predicted to adjust their daily energy expenditure (DEE) during periods of food scarcity. Adjustments of DEE to changes in food availability have been well-studied in species in temperate zones during winter, but less so in species enduring seasonal droughts. Likely mechanisms regulating DEE involve adjustments of activity and maintenance metabolism. Species that experience seasonal droughts and changes in food availability, like the African striped mouse (Rhabdomys pumilio), are appropriate model organisms to study the regulation of seasonal changes of DEE. We quantified DEE using the ‘doubly labelled water’ method, measured resting metabolic rate (RMR), and concomitantly determined activity levels using all-day focal observations of 69 free-living striped mice in the cold moist season with high food availability and the hot dry season with low food availability. Striped mice decreased their DEE in the food scarce dry season using multiple mechanisms, especially reductions in RMR, and reduced overall physical activity. This was further facilitated passively by reduced thermoregulatory costs. Our study demonstrates that animals reduce DEE via active and passive mechanisms in food-restricted environments, and highlights that several environmental factors should be considered simultaneously when aiming to understand how animals cope with harsh environments.

Published
2018

23. Pest management under climate change: The importance of understanding tritrophic relations

Author

Jérôme Moreau, Dominique Fleury, Martin Beniston, Victorine Castex, Pierluigi Calanca, Institute for Environmental Sciences [Geneva] ( ISE ), University of Geneva [Switzerland], Agroecology and Environment, Agroscope, Department of Environment, Transportation and Agriculture ( DETA ), Geneva State, Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institute for Environmental Sciences [Geneva] (ISE), Department of Environment, Transportation and Agriculture (DETA), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), and Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Integrated pest management, Environmental Engineering, Insecta, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Phenological models, Climate Change, Climate change, Lobesia botrana, 01 natural sciences, Integrated Pest Management, Parasitoid, [ SDV.EE.IEO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis, Environmental Chemistry, Animals, Vitis, Economic impact analysis, Herbivory, Waste Management and Disposal, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Trophic level, ddc:333.7-333.9, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, biology, Ecology, Phenology, Temperature, Humidity, 15. Life on land, Carbon Dioxide, biology.organism_classification, Pollution, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, 010602 entomology, Synchrony, 13. Climate action, Biological control, Pest Control, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Trichogramma, Tritrophic relations, [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
Abstract

11 pages; International audience; Plants and insects depend on climatic factors (temperature, solar radiation, precipitations, relative humidity and CO2) for their development. Current knowledge suggests that climate change can alter plants and insects development and affect their interactions. Shifts in tritrophic relations are of particular concern for Integrated Pest Management (IPM), because responses at the highest trophic level (natural enemies) are highly sensitive to warmer temperature. It is expected that natural enemies could benefit from better conditions for their development in northern latitudes and IPM could be facilitated by a longer period of overlap. This may not be the case in southern latitudes, where climate could become too warm. Adapting IPM to future climatic conditions requires therefore understanding of changes that occur at the various levels and their linkages. The aim of this review is to assess the current state of knowledge and highlights the gaps in the existing literature concerning how climate change can affect tritrophic relations. Because of the economic importance of wine production, the interactions between grapevine, Vitis vinifera (1st), Lobesia botrana (2nd) and Trichogramma spp., (3rd), an egg parasitoid of Lobesia botrana, are considered as a case study for addressing specific issues. In addition, we discuss models that could be applied in order quantify alterations in the synchrony or asynchrony patterns but also the shifts in the timing and spatial distribution of hosts, pests and their natural enemies.

Published
2017

24. Shockwave-assisted laser filament conductivity

Author

Denis Mongin, Thomas Produit, Jérôme Kasparian, Guillaume Schimmel, Jean-Pierre Wolf, Elise Schubert, GAP-Group of Applied Physics, University of Geneva [Switzerland], Institute for Environmental Sciences [Geneva] ( ISE ), FET OPEN LLR, European Project : 291201,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2011-ADG_20110209,FILATMO ( 2012 ), European Project : 737033,LLR, Group of Applied Physics [Geneva] (GAP), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Institute for Environmental Sciences [Geneva] (ISE), European Project: 291201,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2011-ADG_20110209,FILATMO(2012), and European Project: 737033,LLR

Subjects
Shock wave, Materials science, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Décharge, Femtoseconde, Guidage, Femtosecond, Laser, FOS: Physical sciences, ddc:500.2, Conductivity, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, High voltage, 010309 optics, Protein filament, Filamentation, law, Electric field, 0103 physical sciences, Onde de choc, 010306 general physics, plasma, ddc:333.7-333.9, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], [ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], nonlinear optics, Plasma, shock waves, Physics - Plasma Physics, Shockwave, filamentation, Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph), Plasma channel, Discharge, Guiding, Atomic physics, Haute tension, Physics - Optics, Optics (physics.optics)
Abstract

We investigate the influence of ultrashort laser filaments on high-voltage discharges and spark-free unloading at various repetition rates and wind conditions. For electric fields well below, close to and above the threshold for discharges, we respectively observe remote spark-free unloading, discharge suppression, and discharge guiding. These effects rely on an indirect consequence of the thermal deposition, namely the fast dilution of the ions by the shockwave triggered by the filament at each laser shot. This dilution drastically limits recombination and increases the plasma channel conductivity that can still be non-negligible after tens or hundreds of milliseconds. As a result, the charge flow per pulse is higher at low repetition rates., Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures

Published
2017
Full Text
View/download PDF

25. Mixing of porpoise ecotypes in South Western UK waters revealed by genetic profiling

Author

Michael C. Fontaine, Rob Deaville, Paul Jepson, Nicolas Ray, Sylvain Piry, Nicholas J. Davison, Simon J. Goodman, Olivier Thatcher, Andrew Brownlow, Fontaine lab, Sch Biol, Fac Biol Sci, University of Leeds, Groningen Inst Evolutionary Life Sci GELIFES, University of Groningen, Inst. Zool., Zoological Society of London, Dept. Zool., University of Cambridge, EnviroSPACE Laboratory, Institute for Environmental Sciences [Geneva] (ISE), University of Geneva [Switzerland]-University of Geneva [Switzerland], Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Scottish Marine Animal Stranding Scheme, SRUC Veterinary Service, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Animal and Plant Health Agency [Addlestone, UK] (APHA), EnviroSPACE Laboratory, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva, SRUC, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Fontaine, Michael C., Goodman, Simon J., and Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE)-Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Climate change, Phocoena, Admixture, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Molecular ecology, 03 medical and health sciences, biology.animal, ecotype specialization, 14. Life underwater, lcsh:Science, molecular ecology, dispersal, 030304 developmental biology, Isolation by distance, ddc:333.7-333.9, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, Ecotype, Ecology, Biology (Whole Organism), continuous population, Pelagic zone, Dispersal, Continuous population, biology.organism_classification, 030104 developmental biology, climate change, Ecotype specialization, Genetic structure, Microsatellite, Biological dispersal, admixture, lcsh:Q, Bay, Porpoise, Research Article
Abstract

Contact zones between ecotypes are windows for understanding how species may react to climate changes. Here, we analysed the fine-scale genetic and morphological variation in harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) around the UK by genotyping 591 stranded animals at nine microsatellite loci. The data were integrated with a prior study to map at high resolution the contact zone between two previously identified ecotypes meeting in the northern Bay of Biscay. Clustering and spatial analyses revealed that UK porpoises are derived from two genetic pools with porpoises from the southwestern UK being genetically differentiated, and having larger body sizes compared to those of other UK areas. Southwestern UK porpoises showed admixed ancestry between southern and northern ecotypes with a contact zone extending from the northern Bay of Biscay to the Celtic Sea and Channel. Around the UK, ancestry blends from one genetic group to the other along a southwest--northeast axis, correlating with body size variation, consistent with previously reported morphological differences between the two ecotypes. We also detected isolation by distance among juveniles but not in adults, suggesting that stranded juveniles display reduced intergenerational dispersal. The fine-scale structure of this admixture zone raises the question of how it will respond to future climate change and provides a reference point for further study.

Published
2017

26. Environmental variability in aquatic ecosystems: Avenues for future multifactorial experiments

Author

Gerhard, Miriam, Koussoroplis, Apostolos‐Manuel, Raatz, Michael, Pansch, Christian, Fey, Samuel B., Vajedsamiei, Jahangir, Calderó‐Pascual, Maria, Cunillera‐Montcusí, David, Juvigny‐Khenafou, Noël P. D., Polazzo, Francesco, Thomas, Patrick K., Symons, Celia C., Beklioğlu, Meryem, Berger, Stella A., Chefaoui, Rosa M., Ger, Kemal Ali, Langenheder, Silke, Nejstgaard, Jens C., Ptacnik, Robert, Striebel, Maren, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, University of Oldenburg, University of Oldenburg, Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement (LMGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Department for Evolutionary Theory, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Environmental and Marine Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Department of Biology, Reed college, Portland, OR, USA, Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research [Kiel] (GEOMAR), CENTRE FOR FRESHWATER AND ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES DUNDALK INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY CO LOUTH IRELAND GBR, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), AquaScale Lab, WasserCluster Lunz - Biologische Station GmbH, Lunz am See, Freshwater Ecology, Hydrology and Management (FEHM), UNIVERSITY OF KOBLENZ LANDAU INSTITUTE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES LANDAU DEU, Department of Ecotoxicology, IMDEA Water Institute, Alcala de Henares, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, Department of Biological Sciences and Centre for Ecosystem Research and Implementation, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Department of Plankton and Microbial Ecology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Stechlin, ESCET, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos [Madrid] (URJC), Department of Ecology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, and Uppsala University, Department of Ecology and Genetics/Limnology, Uppsala, Sweden

Subjects
Ekologi, Ecology, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Q Science (General), [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, QS Ecology
Abstract

International audience; The relevance of considering environmental variability for understanding and predicting biological responses to environmental changes has resulted in a recent surge in variability-focused ecological research. However, integration of findings that emerge across studies and identification of remaining knowledge gaps in aquatic ecosystems remain critical. Here, we address these aspects by: (1) summarizing relevant terms of variability research including the components (characteristics) of variability and key interactions when considering multiple environmental factors; (2) identifying conceptual frameworks for understanding the consequences of environmental variability in single and multifactorial scenarios; (3) highlighting challenges for bridging theoretical and experimental studies involving transitioning from simple to more complex scenarios; (4) proposing improved approaches to overcome current mismatches between theoretical predictions and experimental observations; and (5) providing a guide for designing integrated experiments across multiple scales, degrees of control, and complexity in light of their specific strengths and limitations.

Published
2023

27. MHC architecture in Amphibians : ancestral reconstruction, gene rearrangements, and duplication patterns

Author

Ke He, Wiesław Babik, Mateusz Majda, Piotr Minias, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland, and Department of Biodiversity Studies and Bioeducation, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Poland

Subjects
MHC architecture, macroevolution, amphibians, Genetics, copy number variation, genomic data, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, major histocompatibility complex
Abstract

The hypervariable major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is a crucial component of vertebrate adaptive immunity, but large-scale studies on MHC macroevolution in nonmodel vertebrates have long been constrained by methodological limitations. Here, we used rapidly accumulating genomic data to reconstruct macroevolution of the MHC region in amphibians. We retrieved contigs containing the MHC region from genome assemblies of 32 amphibian species and examined major structural rearrangements, duplication patterns, and gene structure across the amphibian phylogeny. Based on the few available caecilian and urodele genomes, we showed that the structure of ancestral MHC region in amphibians was probably relatively simple and compact, with a close physical linkage between MHC-I and MHC-II regions. This ancestral MHC architecture was generally conserved in anurans, although the evolution of class I subregion proceeded toward more extensive duplication and rapid expansion of gene copy number, providing evidence for dynamic evolutionary trajectories. Although, in anurans, we recorded tandems of duplicated MHC-I genes outside the core subregion, our phylogenetic analyses of MHC-I sequences provided little support for an expansion of nonclassical MHC-Ib genes across amphibian families. Finally, we found that intronic regions of amphibian classical MHC genes were much longer when compared with other tetrapod lineages (birds and mammals), which could partly be driven by the expansion of genome size. Our study reveals novel evolutionary patterns of the MHC region in amphibians and provides a comprehensive framework for further studies on the MHC macroevolution across vertebrates.

Published
2023

28. Phylogeography of the Mediterranean horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus euryale (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae), in southeastern Europe and Anatolia

Author

Andrzej Furman, Emrah Çoraman, Ahmet Karataş, Bilgin Raşit, Bilgin, R., Institute of Environmental Sciences, Bogaziçi University, 34342 Istanbul, Turkey -- Furman, A., Institute of Environmental Sciences, Bogaziçi University, 34342 Istanbul, Turkey -- Çoraman, E., Institute of Environmental Sciences, Bogaziçi University, 34342 Istanbul, Turkey -- Karataş, A., Department of Biology, Nigde University, 51100 Nigde, Turkey, and 0-Belirlenecek

Subjects
education.field_of_study, Rhinolophus, biology, Ecology, Range (biology), Population, Allopatric speciation, Zoology, Ice age, Rhinolophus euryale, Horseshoe bat, biology.organism_classification, Mitochondrial DNA, Phylogeography, Chiroptera, Animal Science and Zoology, Anatolia, D-loop, education, Isolation by distance
Abstract

The mitochondrial genetic differentiation of the Mediterranean horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus euryale Blasius, 1853, was investigated in southeastern Europe and Anatolia. Mitochondrial DNA tRNA-proline and control region sequences were used for the analyses. As a result of the phylogenetic analyses, two reciprocally monophyletic clades were found with very high support. The results suggested that secondary contact after allopatric differentiation in separate glacial refugia, and subsequent range expansion was the best explanation regarding the evolutionary history of this species in the region. The geographical distribution of the haplotypes also suggested that the Balkans and the Black Sea could be representing refugia from which the region was populated. There also was evidence for population expansion following a pattern of isolation by distance, with geographically more distant samples also being genetically more differentiated. © Museum and Institute of Zoology PAS.

Published
2008

29. Nonlinear wave evolution with data-driven breaking

Author

D. Eeltink, H. Branger, C. Luneau, Y. He, A. Chabchoub, J. Kasparian, T. S. van den Bremer, T. P. Sapsis, EPFL IPHYS (EPFL IPHYS), Institut de Recherche sur les Phénomènes Hors Equilibre (IRPHE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pythéas (OSU PYTHEAS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre for Wind, Waves and Water, School of Civil Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW., Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Group of Applied Physics and Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, Swiss National Science Foundation(Mobility Fellowship P2GEP2-191480), ONR GrantsN00014-21-1-2357 and N00014-20-1-2366, SNSF 200020-175697, University of Sydney International Scholarship(USydIS), and Royal Academy of Engineering Research Fellowship

Subjects
ddc:333.7-333.9, Wave breaking, Multidisciplinary, Wind waves, neural network, Blended machine learning, General Physics and Astronomy, ddc:500.2, General Chemistry, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Wave tank, Vague, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Machine learning, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Wave Breaking
Abstract

Wave breaking is the main mechanism that dissipates energy input into ocean waves by wind and transferred across the spectrum by nonlinearity. It determines the properties of a sea state and plays a crucial role in ocean-atmosphere interaction, ocean pollution, and rogue waves. Owing to its turbulent nature, wave breaking remains too computationally demanding to solve using direct numerical simulations except in simple, short-duration circumstances. To overcome this challenge, we present a blended machine learning framework in which a physics-based nonlinear evolution model for deep-water, non-breaking waves and a recurrent neural network are combined to predict the evolution of breaking waves. We use wave tank measurements rather than simulations to provide training data and use a long short-term memory neural network to apply a finite-domain correction to the evolution model. Our blended machine learning framework gives excellent predictions of breaking and its effects on wave evolution, including for external data.

Published
2022

31. Indésirables mais utiles : la gestion des eaux en périphérie d’Augustonemetum/Clermont-Ferrand.Les sites de la rue Fontgiève et de l’ancienne gare routière (fin du Ier s.-IVe s. apr. J.-C.)

Author

Ollivier, Julien, Martinez, Damien, Blondel, François, Travaux et recherches archéologiques sur les cultures, les espaces et les sociétés (TRACES), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ministère de la Culture (MC), Histoire, Archéologie et Littératures des mondes chrétiens et musulmans médiévaux (CIHAM), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Avignon Université (AU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Climatic Change and Climate Impacts Research Group, Institute for Environmental Sciences [Geneva] (ISE), and Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE)-Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE)

Subjects
[SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract

International audience

Published
2022

32. Recognizing the long-term impacts of plastic particles for preventing distortion in decision-making

Author

Nathalie Gontard, Grégoire David, Alice Guilbert, Joshua Sohn, Ingénierie des Agro-polymères et Technologies Émergentes (UMR IATE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Tsinghua University [Beijing] (THU), Institute for Environmental Sciences [Geneva] (ISE), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), University of Southern Denmark (SDU), and European Project: 688338,H2020,H2020-WASTE-2015-two-stage,NoAW(2016)

Subjects
Urban Studies, Global and Planetary Change, Ecology, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, Geography, Planning and Development, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Food Science
Abstract

International audience; There is a considerable knowledge gap regarding the long-term fate of plastics in the environment. Acknowledging this gap, in the context of life cycle assessment methods, is critical to account for the long-term fate of plastics in the decision-making process. Ignoring the long-term potential for environmental and health damage from plastic particles makes it difficult to defend a quantitative environmental assessment comparing fossil-based conventional plastics with other alternative materials. This Review highlights that the addition of a plastic particulate footprint as a midpoint impact indicator in life cycle assessments should be considered to quantify these overlooked long-term impacts

Published
2022

33. Ecosystem-Based Practices for Smallholders’ Adaptation to Climate Extremes : Evidence of Benefits and Knowledge Gaps in Latin America

Author

Raffaele Vignola, M. Jimena Esquivel, Celia Harvey, Bruno Rapidel, Pavel Bautista-Solis, Francisco Alpizar, Camila Donatti, Jacques Avelino, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Water Systems and Global Change Group, University of Vermont [Burlington], Animal Production Systems Group, Institute of Environmental Sciences [Leiden] (CML), Universiteit Leiden, Monteverde Institute (MVI), Agrosystèmes Biodiversifiés (UMR ABSys), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica, Environmental Economics and Natural Resource Group, Conservation International, Plant Health Institute of Montpellier (UMR PHIM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), International Climate Initiative ICI of the German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation Building and Nuclear Safety BMUB, as part of the CASCADE project 'Ecosystem-based Adaptation for Smallholder Subsistence and Coffee Farming Communities in Central America'., and German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety BMUB supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag

Subjects
agroecology, Dierlijke Productiesystemen, coffee, vulnerability, agricultural practices, maize, Animal Production Systems, agroforestry, water and soil conservation, Environmental Economics and Natural Resources, climate change, [SDV.SA.STA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Sciences and technics of agriculture, beans, Water Systems and Global Change, farming systems, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Agronomy and Crop Science, Milieueconomie en Natuurlijke Hulpbronnen
Abstract

International audience; Agricultural practices of smallholder farming systems of Latin America can play an important role in reducing their exposure to the risks associated with climate extremes. To date, however, there is no systematic analysis of scientific evidence for the extent to which these practices can provide the multiple benefits needed for smallholders to adapt to climate extremes. In this paper, we searched scientific databases to review scientific evidence of the benefit provided by twenty-six practices in crops commonly farmed by smallholders in the region and highly relevant for their food and nutrition security; namely, coffee, maize and beans. We reviewed scientific documents (n = 304) published in the period 1953-2021 to register evidence of the practices' effects on fifty-five benefits. Our analysis of these documents found measurement records (n = 924) largely based on field experiments (85%). Our results show strong evidence of the multiple benefits that some ecosystem-based practices (e.g., tree-based practices for coffee and no tillage for maize) can provide to support the adaptation to climate extremes of smallholder farming systems and enhance a farm's natural assets (e.g., biodiversity, water, soil). We also found that the majority of research on practices in the region focused more on the socioeconomic dimension (54%) rather than on the capacity of practices to improve the natural assets of a smallholder farmers or reduce the impact of climate extremes. Given these knowledge gaps, we discuss the importance of a renovated investment in research to address existing knowledge gaps. Our concluding suggestions for future research include the need for systematizing existing knowledge from different sources (e.g., peer-reviewed, gray literature, farmers, extension agencies, etc.), and to assess the extent to which these practices can provide multiple benefits for smallholder farming systems by improving their wellbeing, reducing their vulnerability to different hydroclimatic extremes while also contributing to ecosystem services provision at the landscape level.

Published
2022

34. Development of an adverse outcome pathway for radiation-induced microcephaly via expert consultation and machine learning

Author

Thomas Jaylet, Roel Quintens, Mohamed Abderrafi Benotmane, Jukka Luukkonen, Ignacia Braga Tanaka, Chrystelle Ibanez, Christelle Durand, Magdalini Sachana, Omid Azimzadeh, Christelle Adam-Guillermin, Knut Erik Tollefsen, Olivier Laurent, Karine Audouze, Olivier Armant, Toxicité environnementale, cibles thérapeutiques, signalisation cellulaire (T3S - UMR_S 1124), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Centre d'Etude de l'Energie Nucléaire (SCK-CEN), University of Eastern Finland, Institute for Environmental Sciences, Laboratoire de radiotoxicologie et radiobiologie expérimentale (IRSN/PSE-SANTE/SESANE/LRTOX), Service de recherche sur les effets biologiques et Sanitaires des rayonnements ionisants (IRSN/PSE-SANTE/SESANE), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN)-Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Organisation de Coopération et de Développement Economiques = Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OCDE), Bundesamt für Strahlenschutz - Federal Office for Radiation Protection (BfS), Laboratoire de micro-irradiation, de métrologie et de dosimétrie neutrons (IRSN/PSE-SANTE/SDOS/LMDN), Service de dosimétrie (IRSN/PSE-SANTE/SDOS), Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Laboratoire d épidémiologie des rayonnements ionisants (IRSN/PSE-SANTE/SESANE/LEPID), Laboratoire d'écologie et d'écotoxicologie des radionucléides (IRSN/PSE-ENV/SERPEN/LECO), Service de Radioprotection des Populations et de l’Environnement (IRSN/PSE-ENV/SERPEN), The Research Council of Norway (RCN) through its Centre for Excellence funding scheme (Project No. 223268 and projectNo. 268294‘MixRisk’) and NIVAS Computational ToxicologyProgram, NCTP (www.niva.no/nctp, RCN project No. 160016).1758T. JAYLET ET AL., and European Project: 900009,RadoNorm

Subjects
[SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, Radiological and Ultrasound Technology, Adverse Outcome Pathways, brain, Risk Assessment, Machine Learning, Adverse outcome pathway, [SDV.BDD.EO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Development Biology/Embryology and Organogenesis, Animals, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], microcephaly, ionizing radiation, Referral and Consultation, AOP, development
Abstract

International audience; Background:Brain development during embryogenesis and in early postnatal life is particularlycomplex and involves the interplay of many cellular processes and molecular mechanisms, makingit extremely vulnerable to exogenous insults, including ionizing radiation (IR). Microcephaly is oneof the most frequent neurodevelopmental abnormalities that is characterized by small brain size,and is often associated with intellectual deficiency. Decades of research span from epidemiologicaldata onin uteroexposure of the A-bomb survivors, to studies on animal and cellular models thatallowed deciphering the most prominent molecular mechanisms leading to microcephaly. TheAdverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) framework is used to organize, evaluate and portray the scien-tific knowledge of toxicological effects spanning different biological levels of organizations, fromthe initial interaction with molecular targets to the occurrence of a disease or adversity. In the pre-sent study, the framework was used in an attempt to organize the current scientific knowledge onmicrocephaly progression in the context of ionizing radiation (IR) exposure. This work was per-formed by a group of experts formed during a recent workshop organized jointly by theMultidisciplinary European Low Dose Initiative (MELODI) and the European Radioecology Alliance(ALLIANCE) associations to present the AOP approach and tools. Here we report on the develop-ment of a putative AOP for congenital microcephaly resulting from IR exposure based on discus-sions of the working group and we emphasize the use of a novel machine-learning approach toassist in the screening of the available literature to develop AOPs.Conclusion:The expert consultation led to the identification of crucial biological events for theprogression of microcephaly upon exposure to IR, and highlighted current knowledge gaps. Themachine learning approach was successfully used to screen the existing knowledge and helped torapidly screen the body of evidence and in particular the epidemiological data. This systematicreview approach also ensured that the analysis was sufficiently comprehensive to identify themost relevant data and facilitate rapid and consistent AOP development. We anticipate that asmachine learning approaches become more user-friendly through easy-to-use web interface, thiswould allow AOP development to become more efficient and less time consuming

Published
2022

35. Second and third harmonic generation from simultaneous high peak- and high average-power thin disk laser

Author

Andral, U., Walch, P., Moreno, V., Mahieu, B., Produit, T., Lozano, M., Bizet, L., Herkommer, C., Moret, M., André, Y.-B., Krötz, P., Metzger, T., Michel, K., Mysyrowicz, A., Kasparian, J., Lupinski, D., Houard, A., Wolf, J.-P., Groupe de Physique Appliquée, Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Laboratoire d'optique appliquée (LOA), École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées (ENSTA Paris)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), TRUMPF Scientific Lasers GmbH, Technische Universität München = Technical University of Munich (TUM), André Mysyrowicz Consultants, Groupe de Physique Appliquée (GAP), Institute for Environmental Sciences [Geneva] (ISE), Cristal Laser, and European Project: 737033,LLR

Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Third harmonic generation, Nonlinear optics Nonlinear optics, Second harmonic SHG, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), General Engineering, General Physics and Astronomy, Ultrashort Pulse Laser
Abstract

We report Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) and Third Harmonic Generation (THG) energy conversion efficiencies up to 59% and 27%, respectively for laser pulses simultaneously delivering high peak power in the sub-TW range and average powers in the sub-kW range. No damage or efficiency decrease is observed after more than 100 hours operation time. The resulting high-energy visible and near-UV pulses are suitable for applications like lightning control, material analysis and machining, or OPCPA pumping.

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

36. The effect of stream shading on the inflow characteristics in a downstream reservoir

Author

Ingo Haag, Katharina Teltscher, Andreas Lorke, Julia Krumm, Mayra Ishikawa, Haag, Ingo, 2 HYDRON GmbH, Environmental and Hydrological Consulting Karlsruhe Germany, Krumm, Julia, Teltscher, Katharina, Lorke, Andreas, and 1 Institute for Environmental Sciences University of Koblenz‐Landau Landau Germany

Subjects
Hydrology, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, ddc:628.1, Inflow, Downstream (manufacturing), ddc:551.48, Environmental Chemistry, Environmental science, Shading, Water quality, General Environmental Science, Water Science and Technology, Riparian zone
Abstract

In thermally stratified reservoirs, inflows form density currents according to the interplay between inflow temperature and reservoir stratification. The temperature of inflowing water is affected by catchment properties, including shading by riparian vegetation. We hypothesize that the degree of shading in the catchment can affect the inflow dynamics in downstream reservoirs by changing inflow temperature and consequently the nature of the density current. We test it for a subtropical drinking water reservoir by combining catchment‐scale hydrological and stream temperature modeling with observations of reservoir stratification. We analyze the formation of density currents, defined as under, inter and overflow, for scenarios with contrasting shading conditions in the catchment. Inflow temperatures were simulated with the distributed water‐balance model LARSIM‐WT, which integrates heat‐balance and water temperature. River temperature measurements and simulations are in good agreement with a RMSE of 0.58°C. In simulations using the present state of shading, underflows are the most frequent flow path, 63% of the annual period. During the remaining time, river intrusion form interflows. In a scenario without stream shading, average inflow temperature increased by 2.2°C. Thus, interflows were the most frequent flow path (51%), followed by underflows (34%) and overflows (15%). With this change, we would expect a degradation of reservoir water quality, as overflows promote longer periods of anoxia and nutrient loads would be delivered to the photic zone, a potential trigger for algae blooms. This study revealed a potentially important, yet unexplored aspect of catchment management for controlling reservoir water quality., Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002347, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4746288

Published
2021

37. Global, regional and national trends of atmospheric ammonia derived from a decadal (2008-2018) satellite record

Author

Roy Wichink Kruit, Cathy Clerbaux, Margreet C. van Zanten, Simon Whitburn, Martin Van Damme, Jan Willem Erisman, Lieven Clarisse, Daniel Hurtmans, Juliette Hadji-Lazaro, Pierre-François Coheur, Mark A. Sutton, Bruno Franco, Spectroscopy, Quantum Chemistry and Atmospheric Remote Sensing (SQUARES), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Institute of Environmental Sciences [Leiden] (CML), Leiden University, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment [Bilthoven] (RIVM), TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), and Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)

Subjects
biomass burning, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, IASI, satellite, Biodiversity, 010501 environmental sciences, Infrared atmospheric sounding interferometer, 01 natural sciences, Atmospheric Sciences, Ammonia, ammonia (NH3), emission, Ecosystem, East Asia, National trends, Air quality index, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, agriculture, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, 13. Climate action, Climatology, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Period (geology), Environmental science, Satellite, Trends, Sciences exactes et naturelles
Abstract

Excess atmospheric ammonia (NH3) leads to deleterious effects on biodiversity, ecosystems, air quality and health, and it is therefore essential to monitor its budget and temporal evolution. Hyperspectral infrared satellite sounders provide daily NH3 observations at global scale for over a decade. Here we use the version 3 of the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) NH3 dataset to derive global, regional and national trends from 2008 to 2018. We find a worldwide increase of 12.8 ± 1.3 % over this 11-year period, driven by large increases in east Asia (5.80 ± 0.61% increase per year), western and central Africa (2.58 ± 0.23 % yr−1), North America (2.40 ± 0.45 % yr−1) and western and southern Europe (1.90 ± 0.43 % yr−1). These are also seen in the Indo-Gangetic Plain, while the southwestern part of India exhibits decreasing trends. Reported national trends are analyzed in the light of changing anthropogenic and pyrogenic NH3 emissions, meteorological conditions and the impact of sulfur and nitrogen oxides emissions, which alter the atmospheric lifetime of NH3. We end with a short case study dedicated to the Netherlands and the ‘Dutch Nitrogen crisis' of 2019., info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

38. Millennial‐scale deglaciation across the European Alps at the transition between the Younger Dryas and the Early Holocene - evidence from a new cosmogenic nuclide chronology

Author

Protin, Marie, Schimmelpfennig, Irene, Mugnier, Jean‐louis, Buoncristiani, Jean‐François, Le Roy, Melaine, Pohl, Benjamin, Moreau, Luc, Aumaitre, Georges, Bourlès, Didier, Keddadouche, Karim, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques (CRPG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Gustave Eiffel-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for Environmental Sciences [Geneva] (ISE), University of Geneva [Switzerland], Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de la Montagne (EDYTEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), ANR-14-CE03-0006,VIP-Mont-Blanc,VItesses des Processus contrôlant les évolutions morphologiques et environnementales du massif du Mont Blanc(2014), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), and Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de Montagne (EDYTEM)

Subjects
010506 paleontology, Archeology, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Climate change, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Geology, Glacier, 01 natural sciences, 13. Climate action, Moraine, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, Deglaciation, Physical geography, Younger Dryas, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, [SDU.STU.GL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Glaciology, Cosmogenic nuclide, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Holocene, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Teleconnection
Abstract

15 pages; International audience; Reconstructing the spatial and temporal response of mountain glaciers to rapid climate change in the past provides access to the effects of current climate change. Yet, the spatial and temporal variability of past glacier fluctuations is not fully understood. In this study, we focus on the timing of glacier fluctuations in the European Alps during the Younger Dryas/Early Holocene (YD/EH) transition. In an effort to elucidate whether glacier fluctuations were synchronous during this period, we present a new chronology of the Alpine Talèfre glacier, based on 14 new 10Be ages of moraines and roches moutonnées. The retreat of Talèfre glacier was initiated during the mid-YD (~12.4 ka), then it experienced a gradual retreat punctuated by at least three oscillations until ∼11 ka before shrinking substantially within its Little Ice Age limits (13th−19th centuries). Comparison of our findings with published glacier chronologies in the Alpine region highlights broadly synchronous behaviour of glaciers across the Alps between 12 and 10 ka. The coeval glacier fluctuations at a regional scale suggest that common regional climate conditions had a major impact on Alpine glacier variations during the YD/EH transition. The similarity of glacier behaviour and independent temperature records in both the Alpine region and the northern high latitudes suggests a teleconnection between these regions, but differences in the amplitude of the mean annual temperature signals relative to summer temperature indicate pronounced changes in seasonality between the YD and the EH.

Published
2021

39. Reframing Lake Geneva ecological trajectory in a context of multiple but asynchronous pressures

Author

Marie-Elodie Perga, Pierre Sabatier, Jean-Louis Reyss, Christian Crouzet, Katrina Kremer, Rosalie Bruel, A. Marchetto, Stéphanie Girardclos, Centre Alpin de Recherche sur les Réseaux Trophiques et Ecosystèmes Limniques (CARRTEL), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institute for Environmental Sciences [Geneva] (ISE), University of Geneva [Switzerland], CNR Water Research Institute (IRSA), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Swiss Seismological Service [ETH Zurich] (SED), Institute of Geophysics [ETH Zürich], Department of Earth Sciences [Swiss Federal Institute of Technology - ETH Zürich] (D-ERDW), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich)- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich)-Department of Earth Sciences [Swiss Federal Institute of Technology - ETH Zürich] (D-ERDW), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich)- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Gustave Eiffel-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de la Montagne (EDYTEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), and University Savoie-Mont BlancCOOPERA (Region Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes) grantPaleo5D grant

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 010506 paleontology, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Climate change, Aquatic Science, 01 natural sciences, bepress|Life Sciences|Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, EarthArXiv|Life Sciences|Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Climate warming, bepress|Life Sciences, Effects of global warming, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, EarthArXiv|Life Sciences, 11. Sustainability, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, EarthArXiv|Life Sciences|Ecology and Evolutionary Biology|Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology, bepress|Life Sciences|Ecology and Evolutionary Biology|Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology, Temporal ecology, Resilience, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Global warming, Pelagic zone, Plankton, 15. Life on land, Eutrophication, Monitoring program, 13. Climate action, [SDU.STU.ST]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, Paleoecology, Interactive carryover, sense organs
Abstract

International audience; Regime shifts are major reorganization of ecological processes, creating new sets of mechanisms that drive the new ecological regime. Such rearrangements can affect how and how much the system responds to pressures other than those that created the shift (interactive carryover). Lake Geneva still exhibits high levels of productivity despite reductions in phosphorus to its reference baseline; the continued high productivity is likely due to the synergistic effects of climate change. We tested whether the contemporary Lake Geneva plankton community response to air temperature, one symptom of climate change, differed from the responses to past changes in air temperature. We used paleoecology to quantify the changes in plankton communities, as a proxy of general ecological changes, over the past 1500 years. Our results show that from 563 AD (beginning of the record) to the twentieth century, the cladoceran assemblage remained stable, despite climate variability of 3 °C in air temperature. The plankton community of Lake Geneva appeared to shift for the first time in the 1500 year record in 1946, and dynamic linear models suggested that 1958–1961 was a critical transition period when the ecosystem changed state. Littoral species were lost, and the assemblage became dominated by pelagic species. The shift took place around the beginning of the current long-term monitoring program, when local perturbations (eutrophication) were escalating. Our results suggest that eutrophication acted as a switch towards a lake more vulnerable to climate change.

Published
2021

41. Lake Sedimentary DNA Research on Past Terrestrial and Aquatic Biodiversity: Overview and Recommendations

Author

Ulrike Herzschuh, Inger Greve Alsos, Marco J. L. Coolen, Marie-Eve Monchamp, Stefan Bertilsson, Daniel Ariztegui, Antony G. Brown, Laura S. Epp, Sarah E. Crump, Aurèle Vuillemin, Mikkel Winther Pedersen, Rebecca E. Garner, Irene Gregory-Eaves, David A. Walsh, Simon Belle, Kevin Nota, Youri Lammers, Kurt H. Kjær, Liv Heinecke, Camille Thomas, Fredrik Olajos, Joanna Gauthier, Göran Englund, Liisi Talas, Isabelle Domaizon, Joanne E. Littlefair, Charlotte Clarke, Eric Capo, Anan Ibrahim, Eske Willerslev, Didier Debroas, Johan Rydberg, Y. L. Wang, Fabien Arnaud, Trisha L. Spanbauer, Peter D. Heintzman, Pierre Taberlet, Gentile Francesco Ficetola, Dilli Prasad Rijal, Charline Giguet-Covex, Richard Bindler, Laura Parducci, Alexandra Rouillard, Kathleen R. Stoof-Leichsenring, Veljo Kisand, Heike Zimmermann, Christian Bigler, Anne van Woerkom, William D. Orsi, Erwan Messager, Umeå University, Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de Montagne (EDYTEM), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The Arctic University of Norway [Tromsø, Norway] (UiT), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Uppsala University, Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80331 Munich, GeoBio-CenterLMU, Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), School of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Institute of Arctic Alpine Research [University of Colorado Boulder] (INSTAAR), University of Colorado [Boulder], Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement (LMGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Department of Environmental Science and Policy [Milano], Università degli Studi di Milano = University of Milan (UNIMI), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Department of Biology [Concordia], Concordia University [Montreal], Groupe de recherche interuniversitaire en limnologie et en environnement aquatique - GRIL (Montréal, Canada), Université de Montréal (UdeM), Department of Biology [McGill University], McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], ALFRED WEGENER INSTITUTE HELMHOLTZ CENTRE FOR POLAR AND MARINE RESEARCH POTSDAM DEU, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Institute of Mathematics, University of Potsdam = Universität Potsdam, Institute for Environmental Sciences and Geography, University of Potsdam, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany, University of Tartu, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK., Department of Environmental Sciences and Lake Erie Center, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Western Australia Organic and Isotope Geochemistry Centre, School of Earth and Planetary Sciences, the Institute for Geoscience Research (TIGeR), Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Limnological Institute, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78464 Konstanz, Centre Alpin de Recherche sur les Réseaux Trophiques et Ecosystèmes Limniques (CARRTEL), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy, Knut & Alice Wallenberg Foundation2016.0083Swedish Research Council for Sustainable Development FormasFR-2016/0005Research Council of NorwayEuropean Commission250963/F20German Research Foundation (DFG)OR 417/1-1VU 94/1-1E, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de la Montagne (EDYTEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Department of Geosciences, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, 9019 Tromsø, Section for Geogenetics, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, 1350 Copenhagen, Department of Ecology and Genetics, the Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, 752 36 Uppsala, The Arctic University Museum of Norway, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, 9010 Tromsø, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Geneva [Switzerland], Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 75007 Uppsala, Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research (INSTAAR), Università degli Studi di Milano [Milano] (UNIMI), Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montréal, Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada, University of Potsdam, Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50090 Tartu, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom, Willerslev, Eske [0000-0002-7081-6748], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Earth science, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Biodiversity, lake sediments, Sedimentary DNA, lcsh:GN281-289, Oceanografi, hydrologi och vattenresurser, Aquatic biota, 01 natural sciences, Paleolimnology, paleoecology, Oceanography, Hydrology and Water Resources, sedimentary ancient DNA, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), ddc:550, lcsh:QE640-699, biodiversity, 0303 health sciences, paleolimnology, Paleogenetics, Lake sediments, VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Geosciences: 450::Stratigraphy and paleontology: 461, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, lcsh:Human evolution, ancient DNA, VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Geofag: 450::Sedimentologi: 456, sedimentary DNA, paleogenetics, paleogenomics, metabarcoding, metagenomics, 010603 evolutionary biology, 03 medical and health sciences, lcsh:Stratigraphy, VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Geosciences: 450::Sedimentology: 456, ddc:570, 030304 developmental biology, Earth-Surface Processes, Sedimentary ancient DNA, VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Geofag: 450::Stratigrafi og paleontologi: 461, Geokemi, Ancient DNA, Geochemistry, Paleogenomics, Metagenomics, Paleoecology, Metabarcoding, Environmental science, Sedimentary rock
Abstract

International audience; The use of lake sedimentary DNA to track the long-term changes in both terrestrial and aquatic biota is a rapidly advancing field in paleoecological research. Although largely applied nowadays, knowledge gaps remain in this field and there is therefore still research to be conducted to ensure the reliability of the sedimentary DNA signal. Building on the most recent literature and seven original case studies, we synthesize the state-of-the-art analytical procedures for effective sampling, extraction, amplification, quantification and/or generation of DNA inventories from sedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA) via high-throughput sequencing technologies. We provide recommendations based on current knowledge and best practises.

Published
2021

42. Revisiting global trends in freshwater insect biodiversity

Author

Florian Altermatt, Alain Maasri, Jens Kiesel, Martin Friedrichs-Manthey, Sonja C. Jähnig, Viktor Baranov, Ralf B. Schäfer, Juergen Geist, Klement Tockner, Michael T. Monaghan, Peter S. Cranston, Jonas Jourdan, Franz Hölker, Sami Domisch, Jani Heino, Gregor Kalinkat, Daniel Hering, Fengzhi He, Jonathan D. Tonkin, Florian Leese, University of Zurich, Jähnig, Sonja C, Baranov, Viktor, 3 Department of Biology II LMU Munich Biocenter Martinsried Germany, Altermatt, Florian, 4 Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of Zurich Zürich Switzerland, Cranston, Peter, 6 Australian National University Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia, Friedrichs‐Manthey, Martin, 1 Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB) Berlin Germany, Geist, Juergen, 8 Aquatic Systems Biology Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Life Sciences Freising Germany, He, Fengzhi, Heino, Jani, 9 Freshwater Centre Finnish Environment Institute Oulu Finland, Hering, Daniel, 10 Aquatic Ecology University of Duisburg‐Essen Essen Germany, Hölker, Franz, Jourdan, Jonas, 11 Department of Aquatic Ecotoxicology Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main Frankfurt am Main Germany, Kalinkat, Gregor, Kiesel, Jens, Leese, Florian, 12 Aquatic Ecosystem Research University of Duisburg‐Essen Essen Germany, Maasri, Alain, Monaghan, Michael T., Schäfer, Ralf B., 13 Institute for Environmental Sciences, Quantitative Landscape Ecology University of Koblenz‐Landau Landau Germany, Tockner, Klement, Tonkin, Jonathan D., 15 School of Biological Sciences University of Canterbury Christchurch New Zealand, and Domisch, Sami

Subjects
insect assemblages, makean veden ekosysteemi, kritiikki, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 333.7 Landflächen, Naturräume für Freizeit und Erholung, Naturreservate, Energie, decrease, Biodiversity, 02 engineering and technology, Oceanography, water quality, decline, 01 natural sciences, Freshwater ecosystem, term research, ddc:590, terrestrinen, pitkäaikainen tutkimus, 2308 Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Abundance (ecology), eroavuudet, 1910 Oceanography, discrepancy, sites, dataset, tolerant species, hyönteisten määrä, insects, freshwater, 020701 environmental engineering, biodiversity, Water Science and Technology, 2212 Ocean Engineering, global trends, abundance, criticism, Biomass (ecology), uhanalaiset lajit, threats, Ecology, 1104 Aquatic Science, freshwater ecosystems, differences, meta-analyysi, Insect biodiversity, long‐term research, ddc, 590 Animals (Zoology), Biologie, long, 577.6, uhat, 0207 environmental engineering, Ocean Engineering, Water and Life, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Aquatic Science, Biology, Conservation, Management, and Awareness, hyönteisten biodiversiteetti, sensitive species, globaalit trendit, insect abundance, 10127 Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, 2312 Water Science and Technology, long-term research, terrestrial, väheneminen, ddc:333, insect biodiversity, 14. Life underwater, biomassa (ekologia), 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, biomass, eroavuus, datasetit, globaali väheneminen, 15. Life on land, global decline, vedenlaatu, indicators, biodiversiteetti, meta-analysis, 13. Climate action, havaintopaikat, hyönteiset, 570 Life sciences, biology, makea vesi, Water quality, 2303 Ecology, indikaattorit
Abstract

A recent global meta‐analysis reported a decrease in terrestrial but increase in freshwater insect abundance and biomass (van Klink et al., Science 368, p. 417). The authors suggested that water quality has been improving, thereby challenging recent reports documenting drastic global declines in freshwater biodiversity. We raise two major concerns with the meta‐analysis and suggest that these account for the discrepancy with the declines reported elsewhere. First, total abundance and biomass alone are poor indicators of the status of freshwater insect assemblages, and the observed differences may well have been driven by the replacement of sensitive species with tolerant ones. Second, many of the datasets poorly represent global trends and reflect responses to local conditions or nonrandom site selection. We conclude that the results of the meta‐analysis should not be considered indicative of an overall improvement in the condition of freshwater ecosystems. This article is categorized under: Water and Life > Conservation, Management, and Awareness, Relying on abundance or biomass and examining nonrepresentative datasets limits our ability to infer the condition of freshwater insect communities globally. Photo by Jeremy Monroe, Freshwaters Illustrated: a caddisfly larva from an Oregon Coastal stream, USA (Limnephilidae: Dicosmoecus sp.)., Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (BfN) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100010606, NSF Macrosystems Biology Program, Leibniz‐Gemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001664

Published
2021

43. The differences between the effects of a nano-formulation and a conventional form of atrazine to lettuce

Author

Renato Grillo, Daniel Arenas-Lago, Fazel Abdolahpur Monikh, Martina G. Vijver, Yujia Zhai, Willie J.G.M. Peijnenburg, Juan Wu, Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), University of Vigo, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), and National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM)

Subjects
Defence mechanisms, Biomass, nanopesticide, phytotoxicity, medicine.disease_cause, Article, chemistry.chemical_compound, Nutrient, herbicide, medicine, oxidative stress, Atrazine, Food science, Defense Mechanisms, Superoxide, nontarget plant, Herbicides, General Chemistry, Nutrients, Pesticide, Lettuce, chemistry, Phytotoxicity, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Oxidative stress
Abstract

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T19:46:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-01-01 The rapid development of nanotechnology influences the developments within the agro-sector. An example is provided by the production of nanoenabled pesticides with the intention to optimize the efficiency of the pesticides. At the same time, it is important to collect information on the unintended and unwanted adverse effects of emerging nanopesticides on nontarget plants. Currently, this information is limited. In the present study, we compared the effects of a nanoformulation of atrazine (NPATZ) and the nonencapsulated atrazine formulation (ATZ) on physiological responses, defense mechanisms, and nutrient displacement in lettuce over time with the applied concentrations ranging from 0.3 to 3 mg atrazine per kg soil. Our results revealed that both NPATZ and ATZ induced significant decreases in plant biomass, chlorophyll content, and protein content. Additionally, exposure to NPATZ and ATZ caused oxidative stress to the lettuce plant and significantly elevated the activities of the tested ROS scavenger enzymes in plant tissues. These results indicate that NPATZ and ATZ cause distinct adverse impacts on lettuce plants. When comparing the adverse effects in plants after exposure to NPATZ and ATZ, no obvious differences in plant biomass and chlorophyll content were observed between NPATZ and ATZ treatments at the same exposure concentration regardless of exposure duration. An enhanced efficiency of the active ingredient of the nanopesticide as compared to the conventional formulation was observed after long-term exposure to the high concentration of NPATZ, as it induced higher impacts on plants in terms of the end points of the contents of protein, superoxide anion (O2˙-), and MDA, and the activities of stress-related enzymes as compared to the same concentration of ATZ. Furthermore, exposure to both NPATZ and ATZ disrupted the uptake of mineral nutrients in plants, and the differences in the displacement of nutrients between the NPATZ and ATZ treatments depended on the element type, plant organ, exposure concentration, and time. Overall, the application dose of a nanopesticide should balance their increased herbicidal efficiency with the long-term adverse effects in order to maximize the desired impact while minimizing adverse impacts; only then will we be able to understand the potential impact of nanopesticides on the environment. Leiden University Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), P.O. Box 9518 University of Vigo Department of Plant Biology and Soil Science, As Lagoas, Marcosende Department of Physics and Chemistry School of Engineering São Paulo State University (UNESP), SP National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1 Department of Physics and Chemistry School of Engineering São Paulo State University (UNESP), SP

Published
2021

44. Process-based flood risk assessment for Germany

Author

Viet Dung Nguyen, Patric Kellermann, Heidi Kreibich, Bruno Merz, Fabio Brill, Stefan Lüdtke, Sergiy Vorogushyn, Kai Schröter, Tobias Sieg, Nivedita Sairam, Mostafa Farrag, Brill, Fabio, 1 GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences Section 4.4. Hydrology Potsdam Germany, Sieg, Tobias, 2 Institute for Environmental Sciences and Geography University of Potsdam Potsdam Germany, Farrag, Mostafa, Kellermann, Patric, Nguyen, Viet Dung, Lüdtke, Stefan, Merz, Bruno, Schröter, Kai, Vorogushyn, Sergiy, and Kreibich, Heidi

Subjects
ddc:551.489, multi‐sector risk, Ecology, Process (engineering), risk curves, risk model chain, Environmental sciences, expected annual damage, Risk analysis (engineering), Flood risk assessment, continuous simulation, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Environmental science, Continuous simulation, GE1-350, Risk curves, Environmental planning, QH540-549.5, General Environmental Science
Abstract

Large‐scale flood risk assessments are crucial for decision making, especially with respect to new flood defense schemes, adaptation planning and estimating insurance premiums. We apply the process‐based Regional Flood Model (RFM) to simulate a 5000‐year flood event catalog for all major catchments in Germany and derive risk curves based on the losses per economic sector. The RFM uses a continuous process simulation including a multisite, multivariate weather generator, a hydrological model considering heterogeneous catchment processes, a coupled 1D–2D hydrodynamic model considering dike overtopping and hinterland storage, spatially explicit sector‐wise exposure data and empirical multi‐variable loss models calibrated for Germany. For all components, uncertainties in the data and models are estimated. We estimate the median Expected Annual Damage (EAD) and Value at Risk at 99.5% confidence for Germany to be €0.529 bn and €8.865 bn, respectively. The commercial sector dominates by making about 60% of the total risk, followed by the residential sector. The agriculture sector gets affected by small return period floods and only contributes to less than 3% to the total risk. The overall EAD is comparable to other large‐scale estimates. However, the estimation of losses for specific return periods is substantially improved. The spatial consistency of the risk estimates avoids the large overestimation of losses for rare events that is common in other large‐scale assessments with homogeneous return periods. Thus, the process‐based, spatially consistent flood risk assessment by RFM is an important step forward and will serve as a benchmark for future German‐wide flood risk assessments., Plain Language Summary: We provide spatially consistent flood risk estimates for the residential, commercial and agricultural sectors of Germany. The Regional Flood Model (RFM) simulates a 5000‐year flood event catalogue from which the flood risk curves are derived based on the losses per economic sector. The RFM is a process‐based model chain, that couples the weather generator providing spatially consistent precipitation fields with the hydrological and hydrodynamic models considering processes such as dike overtopping and hinterland storage. The coherent heterogeneous return period flows result in flood maps consisting of inundation depth and duration. These are intersected with sector specific assets at high spatial resolution. Detailed flood loss models are used to estimate losses. From the risk curves, we estimate the Expected Annual Damage and losses corresponding to a 200‐year return period for Germany to be €0.529 bn and €8.865 bn, respectively. The commercial sector dominates by making about 60% of the total risk, followed by the residential sector. The agriculture sector gets affected by small return period floods and only contributes to less than 3% to the total risk. Owing to the process‐based, spatially consistent approach implemented, our risk estimates for extreme events are more realistic compared to other large‐scale assessments., Key Points: Regional Flood Model provides spatially consistent flood risk estimates for residential, commercial and agriculture sectors for Germany. Flood risk is derived using a 5000‐year event catalog, yielding a realistic representation of risk along with uncertainty quantification. The median Expected Annual Damage and Value At Risk at 99.5% confidence for Germany is estimated to be €0.53 bn and €8.87 bn, respectively., Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002347, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659

Published
2021

45. Overview of dendro-archaeological studies in the French Alps: assessing montainous silvicultural practices changes over the last millenium

Author

Labbas, Vincent, Le Roy, Mélanie, shindo, lisa, shindo, lisa, Géographie de l'environnement (GEODE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Climate Change Impacts and Risks in the Anthropocene (C-CIA), Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva, Cluster of Excellence ROOTS, Kiel University, Centre Camille Jullian - Histoire et archéologie de la Méditerranée et de l'Afrique du Nord de la protohistoire à la fin de l'Antiquité (CCJ), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), and Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Dendrochronology, [SHS.ARCHEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, high altitude, conifer, [SDE.ES] Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, cultural heritage, French Alps, timbers, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society
Abstract

International audience; In the French Alps, dendrochronologists are studying timbers used in mountain (rural buildings, mining structures) for about twenty years. 1730 Larch, Spruce Fir, Scots pine and oaks timbers (cores and sections) were tree ring dated at more than a hundred buildings located between 790 and 2356 m a.s.l. Several felling dates clusters were identified, from the 11th c. to the 20th c. Except during the second half of the 14th century, trees were felled during all times, which testifies to an almost continuous activity of buildings’ maintenance, repairs and transformation. The evolution of felled timbers age and diameter over the last ten centuries reveals the forest resources management by rural societies. We show an increase in the age of the trees felled from the 11th to the beginning of the 14th century, up to ca. 250 years old. From the end of the 14th to the beginning of the 20th century, the trees were felled at a median age of 100 years. Moreover, diameters of the used trees used are more or less constant over time (around 20-25 centimeters), because these dimensions are perfectly suited for the (mostly studied) structural elements of mountain constructions.As diameter has remained constant whereas the age of the felled trees has changed, growth conditions have therefore improved over the ten centuries studied. A climatic explanation is difficult to retain for this medieval-modern period discrepancy. Rather, anthropic explanation, impacting silvicultural practices and favoring growth would be a more relevant hypothesis.

Published
2021

46. Shrub growth in the Alps diverges from air temperature since the 1990s

Author

Francon, Loïc, Corona, Christophe, Till-Bottraud, Irène, Choler, Philippe, Roussel, Erwan, Carlson, Bradley, Morin, Samuel, Girard, Brigitte, Stoffel, Markus, Laboratoire de Géographie Physique et Environnementale (GEOLAB), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IR SHS UNILIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Genève (UNIGE), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherches sur les Ecosystèmes d'Altitude (CREA Mont-Blanc), Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique et Physiologie Intégratives de l’Arbre en environnement Fluctuant (PIAF), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Climate Change Impacts and Risks in the Anthropocene (C-CIA), Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva, program ProXyCliM - CNRS (Mission interdisciplinarite-RNMSH)Austrian Science Fund (FWF)FWF I 4918, ANR-20-CE91-0008,ACOUFOLLOW,ANALYSES DU DYSFONCTIONNEMENT ET DE LA REPARATION DU XYLÈME INDUIT PAR LE GEL CHEZ LES ARBUSTES, LES CONIFÈRES ET LES ARBRES À FEUILLES CADUQUES :(2020), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IR SHS UNILIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
ddc:333.7-333.9, dendroecology, Rhododendron ferrugineum, shrubs, climate change, topography, alpine, ddc:550, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, divergence
Abstract

In the European Alps, air temperature has increased almost twice as much as the global average over the last century and, as a corollary, snow cover duration has decreased substantially. In the Arctic, dendroecological studies have evidenced that shrub growth is highly sensitive to temperature—this phenomenon has often been linked to shrub expansion and ecosystem greening. Yet, the impacts of climate change on mountain shrub radial growth have not been studied with a comparable level of detail so far. Moreover, dendroecological studies performed in mountain environments did not account for the potential modulation and/or buffering of global warming impacts by topography, despite its possible crucial role in complex alpine environments. To fill this gap, we analyzed a network of eight sites dominated by the dwarf shrub Rhododendron ferrugineum. The sites selected for analysis represent the diversity of continentality, elevation and slope aspect that can be found across the French Alps. We quantified annual radial increment growth for 119 individuals, assembled meteorological reanalyzes specifically accounting for topographic effects (elevation, slope and aspect) and assessed climate-growth relations using a mixed modeling approach. In agreement with a vast majority of dendroecological work conducted in alpine and arctic environments, we find that the number of growing degree days during the snow-free period snow-free growing degree days (SFGDDs) is a strong and consistent driver of R. ferrugineum growth across all sites since 1960 until the late 1980s. We also document a marked loss of sensitivity of radial growth to increasing SFGDD since the 1990s, with this decoupling being more pronounced at the driest sites. Our observations of the spatial and temporal variability of shrub sensitivity to limiting factors can be compared to the ‘divergence' problem observed in tree-ring series from circumpolar and alpine regions and, accordingly, sheds light on possible future trajectories of alpine shrub growth in response to ongoing climate change.

Published
2021

47. Integrative technology hubs for urban food- energy-water nexuses and cost-benefit-risk tradeoffs (I): Global trend and technology metrics

Author

Bruno Molle, Séverine Tomas, Martin Perrin, Lixing Gu, Marie-Claire ten Veldhuis, Ana Pires, Jia-Wei Lu, Ni-Bin Chang, Edo Abraham, Chelsea Kaandorp, Mengnan Chen, Nick van de Giesen, Rémi Declercq, Andrea Valencia, Jiangxiao Qiu, Léon Conradi, Nassim Ait-Mouheb, Geoffrey Molle, Deborah Dotta, Uzzal Hossain, Qipeng P. Zheng, University of Central Florida [Orlando] (UCF), University of South Florida [Tampa] (USF), University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), South China Institute of Environmental Sciences (SCIES), South China Agr Univ, Coll Resources & Environm, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, Peoples R China, Department of Civil Engineering and Geosciences [Delft], Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Gestion de l'Eau, Acteurs, Usages (UMR G-EAU), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-AgroParisTech-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), ECOFILAE MONTPELLIER FRA, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), and ECOSEC MONTPELLIER FRA

Subjects
Environmental Engineering, 0208 environmental biotechnology, Urban sustainability, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, Environmental economics, 01 natural sciences, Pollution, technology hubs integration, 020801 environmental engineering, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], 13. Climate action, 11. Sustainability, Silo, Food energy, food-energy-water nexus, Business, Cost benefit, Waste Management and Disposal, Nexus (standard), Cost-benefit-risk tradeoff, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology
Abstract

International audience; The Food-Energy-Water (FEW) nexus for urban sustainability needs to be analyzed via an integrative rather than a sectoral or silo approach, reflecting the ongoing transition from separate infrastructure systems to an integrated social-ecological-infrastructure system. As technology hubs can provide food, energy, water resources via decentralized and/or centralized facilities, there is an acute need to optimize FEW infrastructures by considering cost-benefit-risk tradeoffs with respect to multiple sustainability indicators. This paper identifies, categorizes, and analyzes global trends with respect to contemporary FEW technology metrics that highlights the possible optimal integration of a broad spectrum of technology hubs for possible cost-benefit-risk tradeoffs. The challenges related to multiscale and multiagent modeling processes for the simulation of urban FEW systems were discussed with respect to the aspects of scaling-up, optimization process, and risk assessment. Our review reveals that this field is growing at a rapid pace and the previous selection of analytical methodologies, nexus criteria, and sustainability indicators largely depended on individual FEW nexus conditions disparately, and full-scale cost-benefit-risk tradeoffs were very rare. Therefore, the potential full-scale technology integration in three ongoing cases of urban FEW systems in Miami (the United States), Marseille (France), and Amsterdam (the Netherlands) were demonstrated in due purpose finally.

Published
2021

48. Causal risk and protective factors in rheumatoid arthritis: A genetic update

Author

M. Arleevskaya, A. Novikov, C. Bost, Regina V. Larionova, G. Kazarian, Eduard A. Shuralev, E. Takha, Sergei V. Petrov, Yves Renaudineau, Malik N. Mukminov, A. Valeeva, Kazan Federal University (KFU), Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, 420049, Russia, Sobolev Institute of Mathematics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Kazan State Academy of Veterinary Medicine Named After N.E. Bauman, Kazan, Russia, CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées

Subjects
Soluble IL-6 receptor, Immunology, Type 2 diabetes, Article, PTPN22, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Mendelian's randomization, Mendelian randomization, Vitamin D and neurology, medicine, Immunology and Allergy, Risk factor, Rheumatoid arthritis, HLA-DRB1, 030304 developmental biology, 030203 arthritis & rheumatology, Inflammation, 0303 health sciences, biology, business.industry, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, RC581-607, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, Risk factors, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, business
Abstract

The characterization of risk and protective factors in complex diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has evolved from epidemiological studies, which test association, to the use of Mendelian randomization approaches, which test direct relationships. Indeed, direct associations with the mucosal origin of RA are retrieved with periodontal disease (Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans predominantly), interstitial lung involvement, tobacco smoking and air pollutants. Next, factors directly associated with an acquired immune response include genetic factors (HLA DRB1, PTPN22), capacity to produce anti-modified protein antibodies (AMPA), and relatives with a history of autoimmune diseases. Finally, factors can be also classified according to their direct capacity to interfere with the IL-6/CRP/sIL-IL6R proinflammatory pathway as risk factor (body fat, cardiometabolic factors, type 2 diabetes, depressive syndrome) or either as protective factors by controlling of sIL-6R levels (higher education level, and intelligence). Although some co-founders have been characterized (e.g. vitamin D, physical activity, cancer) the direct association with sex-discrepancy, pregnancy, and infections among other factors remains to be better explored., Highlights • Mendelian randomization (MR) infers evidence about direct relations between modifiable risk factors and RA. • MR is less affected by confounding or reverse causation factors than epidemiological studies. • RA direct factor associations are retrieved with the mucosal origin of RA, acquired immune response, and IL-6 pathway. • Some co-founders in RA have been characterized by MR including vitamin D and solid cancers.

Published
2021

49. Functional trait‐based approaches as a common framework for aquatic ecologists

Author

Philippe Usseglio-Polatera, Nicole Aberle, Lee Karp-Boss, Olivier Gauthier, Emmanuel Castella, Fabien Lombard, Lucie Bittner, Eric Thiébaut, Meike Vogt, Séverine Martini, Floriane Larras, Aurélien Boyé, Lise Bacouillard, Beatrix E. Beisner, Frédéric Maps, Martin Laviale, Michael Danger, Sakina-Dorothée Ayata, Emile Faure, Philippe Archambault, Lars Stemmann, Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO), Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Norwegian University of Science and Technology [Trondheim] (NTNU), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Takuvik International Research Laboratory, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (AD2M), Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Institute for Environmental Sciences [Geneva] (ISE), University of Geneva [Switzerland], Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Maine, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), taxpayers, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (ADMM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), LIEC UMR 7360 CNRS - Université de Lorraine, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, databases, Computer science, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Aquatic organisms, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, aquatic ecology, Limnology, ddc:550, 14. Life underwater, oceanography, freshwater, functional trait, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, ddc:333.7-333.9, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, limnology, Trait based, Common ground, imaging, marine, Common framework, 15. Life on land, Data science, Trait-based approaches, Knowledge sharing, omics, 13. Climate action, Trait, trait-based approaches, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Functional traits
Abstract

Aquatic ecologists face challenges in identifying the general rules of the functioning of ecosystems. A common framework, including freshwater, marine, benthic, and pelagic ecologists, is needed to bridge communication gaps and foster knowledge sharing. This framework should transcend local specificities and taxonomy in order to provide a common ground and shareable tools to address common scientific challenges. Here, we advocate the use of functional trait-based approaches (FTBAs) for aquatic ecologists and propose concrete paths to go forward. Firstly, we propose to unify existing definitions in FTBAs to adopt a common language. Secondly, we list the numerous databases referencing functional traits for aquatic organisms. Thirdly, we present a synthesis on traditional as well as recent promising methods for the study of aquatic functional traits, including imaging and genomics. Finally, we conclude with a highlight on scientific challenges and promising venues for which FTBAs should foster opportunities for future research. By offering practical tools, our framework provides a clear path forward to the adoption of trait-based approaches in aquatic ecology. ISSN:0024-3590 ISSN:1939-5590

Published
2021

50. Upslope migration of snow avalanches in a warming climate

Author

Giacona, Florie, Eckert, Nicolas, Corona, Christophe, MAINIERI, Robin, Morin, Samuel, Stoffel, Markus, Martin, Brice, NAAIM, Mohamed, Erosion torrentielle neige et avalanches (UR ETGR (ETNA)), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire de Géographie Physique et Environnementale (GEOLAB), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IR SHS UNILIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Genève (UNIGE), Centre de recherches sur les économies, les sociétés, les arts et les techniques - CRESAT - UR3436 (CRESAT), Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA)), Département AQUA (AQUA), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IR SHS UNILIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Département Ecosystèmes aquatiques, ressources en eau et risques - INRAE (AQUA), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Climate Change Impacts and Risks in the Anthropocene (C-CIA), Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva, Laboratoire Mouvement Sport Santé (M2S), École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )

Subjects
[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Social Sciences, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Sustainability Science, cryosphere, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, natural hazards, climate change, historical data, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, [SHS.ENVIR]Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Physical Sciences, hierarchical Bayesian modeling, [SDU.STU.GL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Glaciology, [SHS.HIST]Humanities and Social Sciences/History, human activities, Environmental Sciences
Abstract

Significance Snow avalanches represent a major threat in mountain environments, where they cause damage to critical infrastructure and claim hundreds of lives every year. Here, we document an unambiguous upslope migration of snow avalanches with climate change, a physical mechanism whose existence could previously not be demonstrated. In the Vosges Mountains, we show evidence that winter warming of +1.35 °C induced a sevenfold reduction in the number of avalanches, as well as a reduction of their magnitude and shortening of the avalanche season. These results show that low-to-medium elevation mountain ranges may serve as sentinels to anticipate future changes in snow processes and related risks in higher mountain environments and could thus help in the design of efficient adaptation strategies., Snow is highly sensitive to atmospheric warming. However, because of the lack of sufficiently long snow avalanche time series and statistical techniques capable of accounting for the numerous biases inherent to sparse and incomplete avalanche records, the evolution of process activity in a warming climate remains little known. Filling this gap requires innovative approaches that put avalanche activity into a long-term context. Here, we combine extensive historical records and Bayesian techniques to construct a 240-y chronicle of snow avalanching in the Vosges Mountains (France). We show evidence that the transition from the late Little Ice Age to the early twentieth century (i.e., 1850 to 1920 CE) was not only characterized by local winter warming in the order of +1.35 °C but that this warming also resulted in a more than sevenfold reduction in yearly avalanche numbers, a severe shrinkage of avalanche size, and shorter avalanche seasons as well as in a reduction of the extent of avalanche-prone terrain. Using a substantial corpus of snow and climate proxy sources, we explain this abrupt shift with increasingly scarcer snow conditions with the low-to-medium elevations of the Vosges Mountains (600 to 1,200 m above sea level [a.s.l.]). As a result, avalanches migrated upslope, with only a relict activity persisting at the highest elevations (release areas >1,200 m a.s.l.). This abrupt, unambiguous response of snow avalanche activity to warming provides valuable information to anticipate likely changes in avalanche behavior in higher mountain environments under ongoing and future warming.

Published
2021

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results