Author: "Institute of Earth Sciences [Tapei] (IES Sinica)" - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

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1. Mapping CO Gas in the GG Tauri A Triple System with 50 AU Spatial Resolution

Author: Edwige Chapillon, Arnaud Pierens, Michal Simon, Vincent Piétu, Hervé Beust, J.-M. Huré, Tracy L. Beck, Ya-Wen Tang, Anne Dutrey, Jeffrey S. Bary, Emmanuel Di Folco, Yann Boehler, Frederic Gueth, Stéphane Guilloteau, Institute of Earth Sciences [Tapei] (IES Sinica), Academia Sinica, AMOR 2016, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux [Pessac] (LAB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de RadioAstronomie Millimétrique (IRAM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Physics and Astronomy [Hamilton NY], Colgate University, Univ Gottingen, Dept Inorgan Chem, D-37073 Gottingen, Germany, Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centro de Radioastronomia y Astrofisica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), ECLIPSE 2016, Institut Mutualiste de Montsouris (IMM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Centro de Radioastronomia y Astrofisica (CRyA), Institute of Earth Sciences [Tapei] ( IES Sinica ), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux [Pessac] ( LAB ), Université de Bordeaux ( UB ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Bordeaux ( UB ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de RadioAstronomie Millimétrique ( IRAM ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble ( IPAG ), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble ( OSUG ), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ) -Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México ( UNAM ), and Institut Mutualiste de Montsouris ( IMM )
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.ASTR.CO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, Planet, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Physics, Carbon-12, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Accretion (astrophysics), Redshift, Stars, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, [ SDU.ASTR.CO ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Protoplanet, Excitation
Abstract: We aim to unveil the observational imprint of physical mechanisms that govern planetary formation in the young, multiple system GG Tau A. We present ALMA observations of $^{12}$CO and $^{13}$CO 3-2 and 0.9 mm continuum emission with 0.35" resolution. The $^{12}$CO 3-2 emission, found within the cavity of the circumternary dust ring (at radius $< 180$ AU) where no $^{13}$CO emission is detected, confirms the presence of CO gas near the circumstellar disk of GG Tau Aa. The outer disk and the recently detected hot spot lying at the outer edge of the dust ring are mapped both in $^{12}$CO and $^{13}$CO. The gas emission in the outer disk can be radially decomposed as a series of slightly overlapping Gaussian rings, suggesting the presence of unresolved gaps or dips. The dip closest to the disk center lies at a radius very close to the hot spot location at $\sim250-260$~AU. The CO excitation conditions indicate that the outer disk remains in the shadow of the ring. The hot spot probably results from local heating processes. The two latter points reinforce the hypothesis that the hot spot is created by an embedded proto-planet shepherding the outer disk., 8 pages, 4 figures. Accepted by ApJ
Published: 2016

2. From Cosmic Explosions to Terrestrial Fires? A Discussion

Author: Frédéric Deschamps, Fabrice Mottez, Institute of Earth Sciences [Tapei] (IES Sinica), Academia Sinica, Laboratoire Univers et Théories (LUTH (UMR_8102)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)
Subjects: COSMIC cancer database, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], [PHYS.ASTR.EP]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], Geology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Astrobiology
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2020

3. A 3‐D Shear Wave Velocity Model for Myanmar Region

Author: Yu Wang, Thomas Bodin, Paramesh Banerjee, Kyaw Moe Oo, R. V. Almeida, Bor-Shouh Huang, Shengji Wei, Xin Wang, Judith Hubbard, A. E. Foster, Phyo Maung Maung, China Agriculture University [Beijing], Tokyo Institute of Technology [Tokyo] (TITECH), Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences [Cambridge, USA] (EPS), Harvard University [Cambridge], Institute of Earth Sciences [Tapei] (IES Sinica), Academia Sinica, Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement [Lyon] (LGL-TPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais [Belo Horizonte] (UFMG), Harvard University, Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Asian School of the Environment, and Earth Observatory of Singapore
Subjects: Waveform Simulation, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Seismic Velocity Model, Wave velocity, Geometry, Myanmar, Geology [Science], 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Geophysics, Shear (geology), [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Space and Planetary Science, Geochemistry and Petrology, Bayesian inversion, Crustal Structure, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Bayesian Inversion, Bayesian Inversion, Crustal Structure, Myanmar, Seismic Velocity Model, Waveform Simulation, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Myanmar is located at the eastern margin of the ongoing Indo‐Eurasian collision system, has experienced a complex tectonic history and is threatened by a high level of seismic hazard. Here we develop a crustal scale 3‐D seismic velocity model of Myanmar, which is not only critical for understanding the regional tectonic setting and its evolution but can also provide the foundation for a variety of seismological studies, including earthquake location determinations, earthquake focal mechanism inversions, and ground motion simulations. We use the newly deployed Earth Observatory of Singapore‐Myanmar broadband seismic network and other seismic stations in and around Myanmar to study the station‐based 1‐D velocity structure through a joint inversion of receiver functions, H/V amplitude ratio of Rayleigh waves, and surface wave dispersion measurements. Our results reveal a highly variable crustal structure across Myanmar region, characterized by a series of N‐S trending sedimentary basins, with thicknesses up to ~15 km in central Myanmar and an ~5‐km step in the depth of the Moho across the Sagaing‐Shan Scarp fault system. We interpolate our station‐based 1‐D velocity profiles to obtain an integrated 3‐D velocity model from southern Bangladesh to Myanmar. Using three regional earthquakes located to the south, within, and north of the seismic network, we show that our proposed model performs systematically better than the CRUST 1.0 model for both Pnl waves and surface waves. Our study provides a preliminary community velocity model for the region, with further refinements and interpretations anticipated in the near future. NRF (Natl Research Foundation, S’pore) MOE (Min. of Education, S’pore) Published version
Published: 2019

4. A little relief: Ecological functions and autogenesis of wetland microtopography

Author: Jacob S. Diamond, Richard F. Keim, Joshua M. Epstein, Daniel L. McLaughlin, Matthew J. Cohen, Yu-Hsin Hsueh, Jamie A. Duberstein, Riverly (Riverly), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Tours, University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), Virginia Tech [Blacksburg], Institute of Earth Sciences [Tapei] (IES Sinica), Academia Sinica, Louisiana State University (LSU), Clemson University, POI FEDER Loire : 2017-EX001784, Water Agency of Loire Catchment AELB, University of Tours, and Université de Tours (UT)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Ecology, hollow, Ocean Engineering, Wetland, feedback, 15. Life on land, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, ecohydrology, wetland, 13. Climate action, Ecohydrology, hummock, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology
Abstract: International audience; Microtopography, or the small-scale variation in ground surface height (10(-1)-10(0) m) over short (10(0)-10(2) m) spatial scales, is a ubiquitous feature of wetlands globally. This variation in elevation, characterized by local high ("hummocks") and low ("hollows") patches, is more structured than what is observed in uplands, and is intertwined with concordantly structured spatiotemporal variability in hydrologic regimes and associated ecological processes. The importance of microtopography in wetlands is manifold, with critical influence on local hydrological, biogeochemical, and biological processes. Further, the creation and maintenance of wetland microtopography is a balance between activation processes (i.e., those that induce random elevation variation) and autogenic reinforcement processes (i.e., those that provide the feedbacks necessary for the persistence of microtopography). While there are many mechanisms that create vertical structure (e.g., tree falls, accumulation of roots and soil organic matter, and sediment deposition), they all yield a similar core feedback to enhance and sustain microtopographic structure. Finally, microtopography contributes to spatial patterning that confers emergent ecosystem-scale functions such as hydrologic storage and flows, carbon cycling, organism dispersal, and biodiversity. There is an ongoing need to study the origins and implications of this fine-scale variation in elevation, as well as the utility of including microtopography in model predictions and ecological restoration efforts.
Published: 2021

5. Earthquake statistics changed by typhoon-driven erosion

Author: Steer, Philippe, Jeandet, Louise, Cubas, Nadaya, Marc, Odin, Meunier, Patrick, Simoes, Martine, Cattin, Rodolphe, Shyu, J. Bruce H., Mouyen, Maxime, Liang, Wen-Tzong, Theunissen, Thomas, Chiang, Shou-Hao, Hovius, Niels, Géosciences Rennes (GR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Institut des Sciences de la Terre de Paris (iSTeP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), German Research Centre for Geosciences - Helmholtz-Centre Potsdam (GFZ), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Géosciences Montpellier, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), National Taiwan University [Taiwan] (NTU), Chalmers University of Technology [Göteborg], Institute of Earth Sciences [Tapei] (IES Sinica), Academia Sinica, University of Bergen (UiB), National Central University [Taiwan] (NCU), LIA From Deep Earth to Extreme Events, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, ANR-14-CE33-0005,EROQUAKE,Erosion et Séismes(2014), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de géologie de l'ENS (LGENS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP (UMR_7154)), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)
Subjects: Solid Earth sciences, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], lcsh:R, Tectonics, Natural hazards, lcsh:Medicine, Geomorphology, Geodynamics, Article, Geophysics, lcsh:Q, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, lcsh:Science, Seismology
Abstract: International audience; Tectonics and climate-driven surface processes govern the evolution of Earth’s surface topography. Topographic change in turn influences lithospheric deformation, but the elementary scale at which this feedback can be effective is unclear. Here we show that it operates in a single weather-driven erosion event. In 2009, typhoon Morakot delivered ~ 3 m of precipitation in southern Taiwan, causing exceptional landsliding and erosion. This event was followed by a step increase in the shallow (
Published: 2020

6. Regulation of calcification site pH is a polyphyletic but not always governing response to ocean acidification

Author: Yi-Wei Liu, Justin B. Ries, Robert A. Eagle, Jill N. Sutton, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Earth Sciences [Tapei] (IES Sinica), Academia Sinica, Northeastern University's Marine Science Center, Northeastern University [Boston], Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences [Los Angeles] (AOS), University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Laboratoire d'Excellence LabexMER [ANR-10-LABX-19], French government under the program 'Investissements d'Avenir'French National Research Agency (ANR), NSFNational Science Foundation (NSF) [OCE-1437166, OCE-1437371], Pritzker Endowment, Institute of Earth Sciences, Academia Sinica, TaiwanAcademia Sinica - Taiwan, ANR-10-LABX-0019,LabexMER,LabexMER Marine Excellence Research: a changing ocean(2010), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and University of California-University of California
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, IMPACTS, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, education, Principal factor, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, CALCITE, Polyphyly, ARAGONITE, medicine, 14. Life underwater, ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION, TEMPERATURE, SPECIATION, Research Articles, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Multidisciplinary, Ecology, Chemistry, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, SEAWATER, FRACTIONATION, ACL, fungi, SciAdv r-articles, Ocean acidification, BORIC-ACID, respiratory system, medicine.disease, humanities, Isotopic composition, BORON, Geochemistry, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, 13. Climate action, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, human activities, Research Article, Calcification
Abstract: Diverse organisms are all found to regulate the pH of their calcifying fluids in response to ocean acidification., The response of marine-calcifying organisms to ocean acidification (OA) is highly variable, although the mechanisms behind this variability are not well understood. Here, we use the boron isotopic composition (δ11B) of biogenic calcium carbonate to investigate the extent to which organisms’ ability to regulate pH at their site of calcification (pHCF) determines their calcification responses to OA. We report comparative δ11B analyses of 10 species with divergent calcification responses (positive, parabolic, threshold, and negative) to OA. Although the pHCF is closely coupled to calcification responses only in 3 of the 10 species, all 10 species elevate pHCF above pHsw under elevated pCO2. This result suggests that these species may expend additional energy regulating pHCF under future OA. This strategy of elevating pHCF above pHsw appears to be a polyphyletic, if not universal, response to OA among marine calcifiers—although not always the principal factor governing a species’ response to OA.
Published: 2020

7. Tidally Heated Convection and the Occurrence of Melting in Icy Satellites: Application to Europa

Author: W. E. Tsao, Kenny Vilella, Frédéric Deschamps, Gaël Choblet, Institute of Earth Sciences [Tapei] (IES Sinica), Academia Sinica, Hokkaido University [Sapporo, Japan], Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique [UMR 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), and Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Convection, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, business.industry, Shell (structure), Extrapolation, Tidal heating, Geophysics, Rayleigh number, 01 natural sciences, Viscosity, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Geochemistry and Petrology, 0103 physical sciences, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), [SDU.STU.VO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Volcanology, business, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Tidal power, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Hydrosphere
Abstract: International audience; Observations of icy satellites have revealed widespread marks of cryovolcanism. Because aqueous cryomagmas are negatively buoyant, two processes are required to explain these observations: one mechanism to generate melt close enough to the surface and another one to transport this melt to the surface. Here, we investigate the generation of melting in a systematic way, using a set of 85 numerical simulations where we vary the viscosity contrast, Rayleigh number, and tidal heating rate. Applied to Europa, considering a hydrosphere composed of pure water, our simulations suggest that isolated melt pockets can be generated close to the surface (∼5 km) as long as the ice layer thickness (d *) remains modest (15 ≤ d * ≤ 35 km). However, the generation of melting becomes increasingly difficult as the amount of antifreeze compounds in the subsurface ocean increases. Furthermore, the proportion of melting increases very sharply with increasing tidal heating rate. In particular, when the tidal heating rate exceeds a threshold, an asymptotic regime is reached where the surface heat flux remains constant indicating that the tidal heat generated above this threshold is only used for melting the ice shell. In that regime, we found a direct relationship between the surface heat flux and d *. Finally, we provide a new assessment of Europa's thermal state. Based on available constraints, we propose that the ice shell thickness should exceed 15 km. However, d * ∼15-35 km implies a tidal power (>2 TW) much larger than expected. An extrapolation of the trends suggested by our results indicates that a more reasonable tidal power (∼1 TW) would involve d * ∼50-90 km. Plain Language Summary Eruptions of cryomagmas have been inferred in many icy satellites. In many cases, the mechanisms producing these eruptions are not yet unambiguously identified. Here, we focus on one part of the problem, which is how to generate melting within the ice shell of icy satellites. To do so, we conducte a large number of numerical simulations in 3-D. When applied to Europa, our results indicate that melt reservoirs may only be generated for a moderately thick ice shell. We also find that, if a large amount of melting is generated, the surface heat flux is a good proxy for the thickness of the ice shell. Finally, we provide a new assessment of Europa's thermal state. An extrapolation of our results, combined to properties generally assumed for Europa, suggests a thick ice shell (∼50-90 km).
Published: 2020

8. Spatial and temporal variations of gas geochemistry at Mt. Ontake, Japan

Author: Daniele L. Pinti, Akizumi Ishida, Tobias Fischer, Naoto Takahata, Yuji Sano, Yama Tomonaga, Emilie Roulleau, Tefang Lan, Takanori Kagoshima, Urumu Tsunogai, Yoshiro Nishio, Zhengfu Guo, Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute [Kashiwa-shi] (AORI), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Andean Geothermal Center of Excellence (CEGA), Universidad de Chile, Department of Geology, Universidad de Chile, Laboratoire de Géochronologie Multi-techniques, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Institute of Earth Sciences [Tapei] (IES Sinica), and Academia Sinica
Subjects: geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, δ13C, Geochemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Aquifer, Natural Springs, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Nitrogen, Hydrothermal circulation, Isotopes of nitrogen, Geophysics, chemistry, Volcano, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, 13. Climate action, Geochemistry and Petrology, [SDU.STU.VO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Volcanology, Carbon, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: This report describes spatial and temporal variations of helium, carbon, and nitrogen isotopes measured in CO2-rich bubbling gases from natural springs associated with Mt. Ontake (central Honshu, Japan) from November 1981 through September 2015. During the entire period, the 3He/4He ratio decreased concomitantly with increasing distance of the sampling site from the central cone. In contrast, the CO2/3He ratios and the δ13C values of CO2 increased with distance. These spatial trends became more pronounced after the September 27, 2014 Ontake eruption, suggesting reactivation of the volcano plumbing system with enhanced emission of magmatic volatiles, although the spatial trend of nitrogen isotopes disappeared. The 3He/4He ratios of the most proximal site to the central cone remained constant until 2000, apparently increasing from June 2003 through October 2014. They became constant soon after the eruption until September 2015. The ten-year 3He enhancement might have been a precursor of the 2014 Ontake eruption. In contrast, δ13C values of CO2 at the same site remained constant through this period. The lack of δ13C anomaly might be attributable to 1) negligibly small amounts of magmatic CO2 introduced into the source of hot springs compared to ambient CO2 in the air-saturated aquifer, or 2) close resemblance of the carbon signature of magmatic CO2 to that of ambient CO2. Therefore its addition cannot change the overall δ13C value of the sampled hot springs. At distal sampling sites, no measurable change of helium, carbon, or nitrogen isotopes was observed in relation to the 2014 Ontake eruption, suggesting that the effect of this eruption on the Ontake hydrothermal system was geographically localized.
Published: 2016

9. Thermal history of the Northern Taiwanese slate belt and implications for wedge growth during the Neogene arc-continent collision

Author: Chia-Yu Lu, Jacques Malavieille, Olivier Beyssac, Steven Kidder, Hao Cheng Sun, Yue-Gau Chen, Yu-Chang Chan, Chih Tung Chen, National Central University, Zhongli, Institute of Earth Sciences [Tapei] (IES Sinica), Academia Sinica, Laboratoire de géologie de l'ENS (LGE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), National Taiwan University [Taiwan] (NTU), Department of Geosciences, National Taiwan University, Department of Geosciences, Géosciences Montpellier, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Laboratoire de géologie de l'ENS (LGENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDU.STU.TE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Tectonics, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Metamorphism, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Neogene, Collision, 01 natural sciences, Wedge (geometry), Paleontology, Geophysics, Geochemistry and Petrology, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Thermal, Geology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2019

10. Source-to-sink transport processes of fluvial sediments in the South China Sea

Author: Chih-An Huh, Shouting Tuo, Yanwei Zhang, Edlic Sathiamurthy, Christophe Colin, Wahyoe S. Hantoro, Chi Yue Huang, Karl Stattegger, Jianguo Liu, Chen-Feng You, Xiajing Li, Khanh Phon Le, Ziding He, Suratta Bunsomboonsakul, Yuchen Wang, James T. Liu, Yanli Li, Martin G. Wiesner, Zhifei Liu, Shaohua Zhao, Fernando P. Siringan, Yulong Zhao, Shiwen Zhou, Penjai Sompongchaiyakul, State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology [Shanghai], Tongji University, Géosciences Paris Sud (GEOPS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Geosciences, University of Kiel, Kiel University, Institute of Geology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg 20146, Germany, University of Hamburg, Institute of Earth Sciences [Tapei] (IES Sinica), Academia Sinica, Department of Marine Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand, Chulalongkorn University [Bangkok], Department of Earth Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan, National Cheng Kung University (NCKU), Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan, National Sun Yat-Sen University (NSYSU), Marine Science Institute [Philippines Univ], University of the Philippines Diliman (UP Diliman), Faculty of Petroleum, Hanoi University of Mining and Geology, Hanoi, Vietnam, Hanoi University of Mining and Geology (HUMG), Malaysia Institute of Oceanography, University of Malaysia, Research Center for Geotechnology, and Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI)
Subjects: geography, Provenance, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Terrigenous sediment, Continental shelf, Sediment, engineering.material, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Monsoon, 01 natural sciences, Oceanography, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], 13. Climate action, Illite, engineering, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, 14. Life underwater, Glacial period, Sediment transport, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: The South China Sea offers an excellent case for studying source-to-sink transport processes of fluvial sediments among the global marginal seas. This study synthesizes existing clay mineralogical and geochemical data from similar to 1500 samples from the seafloor and surrounding rivers, deepwater mooring observation results, and high resolution glacial-cyclic clay mineralogy records from six high-quality sediment cores. Source-to-sink sediment transport from the river mouth to the continental shelf and then to the abyssal basin is investigated at two time scales: modern process and Late Quaternary glacial cycles. The results firstly show the high diversity of clay mineralogical and geochemical compositions in riverbed surface sediments surrounding the South China Sea, e.g., dominant illite and chlorite in Taiwan, overwhelming majority of smectite in Luzon, dominant kaolinite in South China, and similar amounts of the four clay mineral species in Red and Mekong river systems. The formation of these fluvial sediments through chemical weathering in surrounding drainage systems is controlled principally by the East Asian monsoon climate with warm temperature and high precipitation, and subordinately by tectonic activity and specific lithological character. The basin-wide distribution of clay mineral assemblages combined with neodymium and strontium isotopic compositions reflects strong provenance control and differential settling effects. The differential settling of kaolinite in slightly saline and proximal regions relative to smectite in more saline and distal regions is well demonstrated in the South China Sea. Through combining clay mineralogical distributions on the seafloor with observed oceanic current systems, the modern transport pathways can be well established, e.g., in the northern South China Sea, illite and chlorite from Taiwan are mainly carried by contour currents with the strong influence of mesoscale eddies. High-resolution sediment dynamic analysis for the Late Quaternary reveals different sediment transport patterns in the northern, western, and southern South China Sea when the land-sea configuration dramatically changed during glacial conditions. In the north, the terrigenous dispersal is mainly controlled by provenance supply and oceanic current transport. In the west, the clay mineral assemblage reflects variations of the prevailing surface current influenced by monsoon winds. In the south, the clay mineral input indicates intensive chemical weathering during interglacial periods and strengthened physical erosion during glacial periods. The transport of terrigenous sediments since the last glaciation is quantitatively reconstructed through studying two deepwater sediment cores located in the northern South China Sea. The relative contributions from three provenances (South China, Luzon, and Taiwan) highlight their distinct variability over the last 28 ka, implying that the southward shift of the inter-tropical convergence zone (ITCZ) at 16 Ka BP caused an increased sediment contribution from South China, the intensified influence of the Kuroshio Current intrusion controls more efficient westward transport of Luzon sediments, and the stronger deepwater current transports Taiwan-sourced sediments further westward from the last glaciation to the Holocene. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Published: 2016

11. Pervasive sources of isotopically light zinc in the North Atlantic Ocean

Author: Ruo-Mei Wang, Gregory F. de Souza, Hélène Planquette, Corey Archer, Derek Vance, Nolwenn Lemaitre, Géraldine Sarthou, Institute of Geochemistry and Petrology [ETH Zürich], Department of Earth Sciences [Swiss Federal Institute of Technology - ETH Zürich] (D-ERDW), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich)- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Institute of Earth Sciences [Tapei] (IES Sinica), Academia Sinica, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-13-BS06-0014,GEOVIDE,GEOVIDE, Une étude internationale GEOTRACES le long de la section OVIDE en Atlantique Nord et en Mer du Labrador(2013), ANR-12-PDOC-0025,BITMAP,Biodisponibilité du fer et des métaux traces dans les particules marines(2012), ANR-10-LABX-0019,LabexMER,LabexMER Marine Excellence Research: a changing ocean(2010), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Geotraces, Geochemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Zinc, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, GEOVIDE, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Geochemistry and Petrology, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), 14. Life underwater, Scavenging, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, North Atlantic, GEOTRACES, Geophysics, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Ridge, zinc sources, Isotopes of zinc, Seawater, Sedimentary rock, Geology, zinc isotopes, Hydrothermal vent
Abstract: In this study, we report seawater dissolved zinc (Zn) concentration and isotope composition ( δ 66 Zn) from the GEOTRACES GA01 (GEOVIDE) section in the North Atlantic. Across the transect, three subsets of samples stand out due to their isotopically light signature: those close to the Reykjanes Ridge, those close to the sediments, and those, pervasively, in the upper ocean. Similar to observations at other locations, the hydrothermal vent of the Reykjanes Ridge is responsible for the isotopically light Zn composition of the surrounding waters, with an estimated source δ 66 Zn of -0.42 ‰. This isotopically light Zn is then transported over a distance greater than 1000 km from the vent. Sedimentary inputs are also evident all across the trans-Atlantic section, highlighting a much more pervasive process than previously thought. These inputs of isotopically light Zn, ranging from -0.51 to +0.01 ‰, may be caused by diffusion out of Zn-rich pore waters, or by dissolution of sedimentary particles. The upper North Atlantic is dominated by low δ 66 Zn, a feature that has been observed in all Zn isotope datasets north of the Southern Ocean. Using macronutrient to Zn ratios to better understand modifications of preformed signatures exported from the Southern Ocean, we suggest that low upper-ocean δ 66 Zn results from addition of isotopically light Zn to the upper ocean, and not necessarily from removal of heavy Zn through scavenging. Though the precise source of this isotopically light upper-ocean Zn is not fully resolved, it seems possible that it is anthropogenic in origin. This view of the controls on upper-ocean Zn is fundamentally different from those put forward previously.
Published: 2020

12. The importance to continue and enhance spaceborne salinity observing capability to study ocean-water cycle-climate linkages

Author: Lee, Tong, Yueh, Simon H., Stammer, Detlef, Lagerloef, Gary S. E., Alvera Azcarate, Aida, Boutin, Jacqueline, Reul, Nicolas, Sabia, Roberto, Turiel, Antonio, Institute of Earth Sciences [Tapei] (IES Sinica), Academia Sinica, Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Institute of Marine Sciences, University of Hamburg, Department of Earth and Space Sciences [Seattle], University of Washington [Seattle], Processus et interactions de fine échelle océanique (PROTEO), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Laboratoire d'Océanographie Spatiale (LOS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), European Space Agency (ESA), Departament de Física Fonamental, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), COSPAR, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), and Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA)
Subjects: fungi, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph]
Abstract: 42nd Commitee on Space Research (COSPAR 2018) Scientific Assembly, 14-22 July 2018, in Pasadena, California.-- 1 page, In-situ observing system has provided the capability to monitor multi-decadal changes of salinity in the open ocean and on large scales. However, in-situ platforms are inadequate to monitor salinity changes in marginal seas and coastal oceans as well as salinity variations on mesoscales. Monitoring longer-term changes of salinity in these regions and scales are important to the studies of terrestrial-ocean water cycle linkage, cross-shelf exchanges, coastal-open ocean connection, energy transfer, and biogeochemistry. Satellite measurements of sea surface salinity (SSS) have demonstrated their values to enhance salinity observing capability in these regions and scales. This presentation highlights the accomplishments of satellite SSS, especially in studying salinity variations for regions and scales not well resolved by in-situ platforms. Examples will be provided to emphasize the synergy of satellite and in-situ salinity observing systems to investigate the linkage of open-ocean and marginal sea salinity in relation to longer-term changes in the climate and water cycle. Recognizing this need, the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) Implementation Needs (Belward et al.2016) suggested Action 032: Ensure the continuity of space-based SSS measurements. Sustaining satellite SSS observing capability, enhancing spatial resolution, and improving accuracy (especially in high-latitude oceans) are important to studying the linkages of the ocean with the water cycle and climate variability
Published: 2018

13. A first absolute chronology for Late Neolithic to Early Bronze Age Myanmar: new AMS 14 C dates from Nyaung'gan and Oakaie

Author: Aung Aung Kyaw, Mar Mar Aye, Khin Htwe Win, Anna Willis, Jitlada Innanchai, Aude Favereau, Camille Colonna, Clémence Le Meur, Frédérique Valentin, Dorian Q. Fuller, Charles Higham, Bérénice Bellina, Ron Pinhasi, Cloé Georjon, Peter Petchey, Louis Champion, Antoine Zazzo, Thomas Oliver Pryce, Myo Min Kyaw, Aye Aye Mar, Xavier Peixoto, Amanda J. Cook, Kalayar Myat Myat Htwe, Baptiste Pradier, May Myat Mon, Tin Tin Win, Yoshiyuki Iizuka, R. Alexander Bentley, Thu Thu Win, Su Hlaing Htay, Préhistoire et Technologie (PréTech), Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Archaeology, Ministry of Culture, Ministry of Religious Affairs and Culture, University College of London [London] (UCL), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), University of Otago [Dunedin, Nouvelle-Zélande], Dagon University, Institute of Earth Sciences [Tapei] (IES Sinica), Academia Sinica, Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap), Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, School of Archaeology, University College Dublin [Dublin] (UCD), Archéologies et Sciences de l'Antiquité (ArScAn), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1), Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques et environnements (AASPE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IRAMAT - Laboratoire Archéomatériaux et Prévision de l'Altération (IRAMAT-LAPA), Institut de Recherche sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Archéomatériaux et Prévision de l'Altération (LAPA - UMR 3685), Nanosciences et Innovation pour les Matériaux, la Biomédecine et l'Energie (ex SIS2M) (NIMBE UMR 3685), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Anthropology [University of Tennessee], The University of Tennessee [Knoxville], ANU College of Arts and Social Sciences (ANU), Australian National University (ANU), Southern Archaeology Ltd, Centre de recherche sur les civilisations de l'Asie Orientale (CRCAO), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), College of Arts, Society and Education, James Cook University (JCU), École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, Archeology, 060102 archaeology, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Rapid expansion, General Arts and Humanities, Context (language use), 06 humanities and the arts, 01 natural sciences, Archaeology, Southeast asia, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Prehistory, Sequence (geology), Geography, Bronze Age, 0601 history and archaeology, Radiometric dating, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Chronology
Abstract: Late prehistoric archaeological research in Myanmar is in a phase of rapid expansion. Recent work by the Mission Archeologique Francaise au Myanmar aims to establish a reliable Neolithic to Iron Age culture-historical sequence, which can then be compared to surrounding regions of Southeast Asia. Excavations at Nyaung'gan and Oakaie in central Myanmar have provided 52 new AMS dates, which allow the creation of Myanmar's first reliable prehistoric radiometric chronology. They have also identified the Neolithic to Bronze Age transition in central Myanmar, which is of critical importance in understanding long-range interactions at the national, regional and inter-regional level. This research provides the first significant step towards placing late prehistoric Myanmar in its global context.
Published: 2018

14. Precession and atmospheric CO2 modulated variability of sea ice in the central Okhotsk Sea since 130,000 years ago

Author: Liang-Chi Wang, Stefan Schouten, Wei-Lung Wang, Sheng-Rong Song, Yu-Min Chou, Tien Hsi Fang, David A. Hodell, Patricia Cabedo-Sanz, Jyh Jaan Huang, Tsong Hua Ou, Simon T. Belt, Li Lo, Lukas Smik, Teh-Quei Lee, Sergey A Gorbarenko, Julie Lattaud, Kuo-Yen Wei, Liping Zhou, Christian Zeeden, Tobias Friedrich, Min-Te Chen, Yuan-Pin Chang, Axel Timmermann, Henry Elderfield, Chuan-Chou Shen, Biogeochemistry Research Centre (BGC), Plymouth University, Hasso Plattner Institut, Institut de Mécanique Céleste et de Calcul des Ephémérides (IMCCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Lille-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Marine Organic Biogeochemistry, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), University of Hawaii, 2525 Correa Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, United States, Department of Computer Science and Engineering [Shanghai] (CSE), Shanghai Jiao Tong University [Shanghai], High-Precision Mass Spectrometry and Environment Change Laboratory (HISPEC), National Taiwan University [Taiwan] (NTU), International Laboratory France-Taiwan CNRS-NSC ADEPT, Department of Marine Environmental Informatics, Institute of Earth Sciences [Tapei] (IES Sinica), Academia Sinica, Department of Earth Sciences [Cambridge, UK], University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Laboratoire Géosciences et Environnement Cergy (GEC), Fédération INSTITUT DES MATÉRIAUX DE CERGY-PONTOISE (I-MAT), Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine, and non-UU output of UU-AW members
Subjects: Marine isotope stage, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Orbital forcing, sub-01, insolation, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, precession cycle, Geochemistry and Petrology, greenhouse gases, Sea ice, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), 14. Life underwater, Glacial period, Holocene, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Okhotsk Sea, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Radiative forcing, sea ice, Sea surface temperature, Oceanography, Geophysics, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Interglacial, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Geology
Abstract: Recent reduction in high-latitude sea ice extent demonstrates that sea ice is highly sensitive to external and internal radiative forcings. In order to better understand sea ice system responses to external orbital forcing and internal oscillations on orbital timescales, here we reconstruct changes in sea ice extent and summer sea surface temperature (SSST) over the past 130,000 yrs in the central Okhotsk Sea. We applied novel organic geochemical proxies of sea ice (IP25), SSST (TEXL86 ) and open water marine productivity (a tri-unsaturated highly branched isoprenoid and biogenic opal) to marine sediment core MD01-2414 (53°11.77′N, 149°34.80′E, water depth 1123 m). To complement the proxy data, we also carried out transient Earth system model simulations and sensitivity tests to identify contributions of different climatic forcing factors. Our results show that the central Okhotsk Sea was ice-free during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5e and the early-mid Holocene, but experienced variable sea ice cover during MIS 2–4, consistent with intervals of relatively high and low SSST, respectively. Our data also show that the sea ice extent was governed by precession-dominated insolation changes during intervals of atmospheric CO2 concentrations ranging from 190 to 260 ppm. However, the proxy record and the model simulation data show that the central Okhotsk Sea was near ice-free regardless of insolation forcing throughout the penultimate interglacial, and during the Holocene, when atmospheric CO2 was above ∼260 ppm. Past sea ice conditions in the central Okhotsk Sea were therefore strongly modulated by both orbital-driven insolation and CO2-induced radiative forcing during the past glacial/interglacial cycle.
Published: 2018

15. Seismicity Controlled by a Frictional Afterslip During a Small-Magnitude Seismic Sequence ( M L < 5) on the Chihshang Fault, Taiwan

Author: Canitano, Alexandre, Godano, Maxime, Hsu, Ya-Ju, Lee, Hsin-Ming, Linde, Alan, Sacks, Selwyn, Institute of Earth Sciences [Tapei] (IES Sinica), Academia Sinica, Géoazur (GEOAZUR 7329), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Department of Terrestrial Magnetism [Carnegie Institution], Carnegie Institution for Science [Washington], COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), and Carnegie Institution for Science
Subjects: [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences
Abstract: International audience; We report evidence for frictional afterslip at shallow depths (about 5 to 7 km) during a small‐magnitude seismic sequence (with ML
Published: 2018

16. Basal accretion, a major mechanism for mountain building in Taiwan revealed in rock thermal history

Author: Chih Tung Chen, Jacques Malavieille, Ching-Hua Lo, Yuan-Hsi Lee, Jui Ting Tang, Yu-Chang Chan, Chia-Yu Lu, National Central University, Zhongli, Institute of Earth Sciences [Tapei] (IES Sinica), Academia Sinica, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Géosciences Montpellier, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi
Subjects: [SDU.STU.TE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Tectonics, Laser ablation, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Geochemistry, Basal accretion, Geology, Time-temperature history, Taiwan mountain belt, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Overprinting, 01 natural sciences, Wedge (geometry), Tectonics, Mountain formation, Thermal, Cleavage (geology), Orogenic wedge, Geomorphology, Mountain root, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Zircon
Abstract: International audience; Deep tectonic processes are key integral components in the evolution of mountain belts, while observations of their temporal development are generally obscured by thermal resetting, retrograde alteration and structural overprinting. Here we recorded an integrated rock time-temperature history for the first time in the pro-wedge part of the active Taiwan arc-continent collision starting from sedimentation through cleavage-forming state to its final exhumation. The integrated thermal and age results from the Raman Spectroscopy of Carbonaceous Material (RSCM) method, zircon U-Pb laser ablation dating, and in-situ 40Ar/39Ar laser microprobe dating suggest that the basal accretion process was crucial to the development of the Taiwanese orogenic wedge. The basal accretion process commenced early in the mountain building history (∼6 Ma) and gradually migrated to greater depths, as constrained by persistent plate convergence and cleavage formation under nearly isothermal state at similar depths until ∼ 2.5 Ma recorded in the early-accreted units. Such development essentially contributed to mountain root growth by the increased depth of the wedge detachment and the downward wedge thickening during the incipient to full collision stages in the Taiwan mountain belt.
Published: 2018

17. First Early Permian Paleomagnetic Pole for the Yili Block and its Implications for Late Paleozoic Postorogenic Kinematic Evolution of the SW Central Asian Orogenic Belt

Author: Michel Faure, Xin Zhu, Zhenhua Xue, Chorng-Shern Horng, Flavien Choulet, Yan Chen, Liangshu Shu, Bo Wang, Hongsheng Liu, State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research, Nanjing University (NJU), Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Géodynamique - UMR7327, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Institute of Earth Sciences [Tapei] (IES Sinica), Academia Sinica, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Geology and Geophysics [Beijing] (IGG), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), and ANR-10-LABX-0100,VOLTAIRE,Geofluids and Volatil elements – Earth, Atmosphere, Interfaces – Resources and Environment(2010)
Subjects: [SDU.STU.TE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Tectonics, Dike, geography, Paleomagnetism, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Paleozoic, Permian, Fold (geology), 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Paleontology, Geophysics, 13. Climate action, Geochemistry and Petrology, Carboniferous, Sedimentary rock, Mafic, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; We conducted a paleomagnetic study on the Early Permian volcanic and sedimentary rocks, and the Neoproterozoic mafic dikes in the Yili Block, NW China. Magnetite and hematite were proven to be the principal magnetic remanence carriers. Demagnetizations revealed stable characteristic remanence magnetizations with a sole reversed magnetic polarity. The magnetic remanence of only the Early Permian strata turned out to be primary based on positive fold tests; meanwhile, the magnetic remanence age of the mafic dikes is ambiguous. Accordingly, the first Early Permian paleomagnetic pole for the Yili Block is calculated at λ = 81.5°N, φ = 256.5°E, N = 11, and A95 = 10.9°. Comparisons of this new pole with published ones from the Yili, Tarim, and South Junggar blocks provide new quantitative constraints on late Paleozoic kinematic evolution of the SW Central Asian Orogenic Belt: (1) Between the Yili and Tarim blocks, significant relative movement took place along major strike‐slip faults during the Late Carboniferous to Early Permian (580 ± 290 km) and the Early to Late Permian (585 ± 340 km), and the displacement rate increased from the Late Carboniferous to Early Permian (~19.3 ± 9.7 mm/yr) to the Early to Late Permian (~29.3 ± 17.0 mm/yr); (2) a significant relative rotation of 28.3° ± 18.3° in the Late Permian, and a lateral displacement of 630 ± 295 km after the Late Permian occurred between the Yili and South Junggar blocks. The significant strike‐slip movements played an important role in the formation of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt and should be considered with great attention in tectonic and paleogeographic reconstructions.
Published: 2018

18. Observation and modeling of the seismic seiches triggered in the Gulf of Corinth (Greece) by the 2011 M w 9.0 Tohoku earthquake

Author: Canitano, Alexandre, Bernard, Pascal, Allgeyer, Sébastien, Institute of Earth Sciences [Tapei] (IES Sinica), Academia Sinica, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-IPG PARIS-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Research School of Earth Sciences [Canberra] (RSES), Australian National University (ANU), and CRLNET
Subjects: Greece, Tohoku earthquake, Gulf of Corinth, Basin oscillations, Numerical modeling, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Seismic seiches
Abstract: International audience; The study reports an unusual water level rise in the Gulf of Corinth, central Greece, during the passing of theseismic waves of the remote 2011 Mw 9.0 Tohoku earthquake. The seismic seiches were recorded by a tide-gaugelocated in the marina of the island of Trizonia, in the western side of the gulf. The cross-analysis between theground motion and the water level changes shows that seiching was initiated by the arrival of the earlier S-wavesand then enhanced by the surface waves. The seiching concerns five domains with periods ranging from minuteto about 7 min and with water level changes of a few millimeters to a few centimeters. The main seiching periodis about 5–7 min and the related water level has a maximum trough-to-peak amplitude of about 6–8 cm.Numerical simulation of the seismic seiches, based on the shallow water equations, allows us to model reasonablywell the amplitude of the seiches for most of the period domains, excepted those for the main seichingperiod at 7 min, which are underestimated by a factor of about 2–3. The largest bathymetric structures of thegulf to be excited in a seiche mode, with eigenperiods of hundreds of seconds, are a few kilometers in size.
Published: 2017

19. Origin of methane-rich natural gas at the West Pacific convergent plate boundary

Author: Tomohiro Toki, Ai-Ti Chen, Amane Waseda, Hsiao-Fen Lee, Guodong Zheng, Takanori Kagoshima, Daniele L. Pinti, Tsanyao F. Yang, Emilie Roulleau, Hsin-Yi Wen, Naoto Takahata, Yama Tomonaga, Tefang Lan, Yuji Sano, Susumu Sakata, Shinsuke Kawagucci, Naoya Kinoshita, Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute [Kashiwa-shi] (AORI), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Institute of Earth Sciences [Tapei] (IES Sinica), Academia Sinica, Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Géochronologie Multi-techniques, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Geochemistry, lcsh:Medicine, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Article, Methane, Carbon cycle, chemistry.chemical_compound, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Natural gas, [SDU.STU.VO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Volcanology, Convergent boundary, lcsh:Science, 550 Earth sciences & geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, geography, Multidisciplinary, geography.geographical_feature_category, business.industry, lcsh:R, Natural gas field, chemistry, Volcano, 13. Climate action, Isotopes of carbon, lcsh:Q, business, Geology, Mud volcano
Abstract: Methane emission from the geosphere is generally characterized by a radiocarbon-free signature and might preserve information on the deep carbon cycle on Earth. Here we report a clear relationship between the origin of methane-rich natural gases and the geodynamic setting of the West Pacific convergent plate boundary. Natural gases in the frontal arc basin (South Kanto gas fields, Northeast Japan) show a typical microbial signature with light carbon isotopes, high CH4/C2H6 and CH4/3He ratios. In the Akita-Niigata region – which corresponds to the slope stretching from the volcanic-arc to the back-arc –a thermogenic signature characterize the gases, with prevalence of heavy carbon isotopes, low CH4/C2H6 and CH4/3He ratios. Natural gases from mud volcanoes in South Taiwan at the collision zone show heavy carbon isotopes, middle CH4/C2H6 ratios and low CH4/3He ratios. On the other hand, those from the Tokara Islands situated on the volcanic front of Southwest Japan show the heaviest carbon isotopes, middle CH4/C2H6 ratios and the lowest CH4/3He ratios. The observed geochemical signatures of natural gases are clearly explained by a mixing of microbial, thermogenic and abiotic methane. An increasing contribution of abiotic methane towards more tectonically active regions of the plate boundary is suggested., 論文
Published: 2017

20. Typhoon-Induced Ground Deformation

Author: Philippe Steer, Benjamin F. Chao, Maxime Mouyen, Laurent Longuevergne, Jean-Paul Boy, Alexandre Canitano, Ya-Ju Hsu, Géosciences Rennes (GR), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Earth Sciences [Tapei] (IES Sinica), Academia Sinica, Institut de physique du globe de Strasbourg (IPGS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Agence Nationale de la Recherche, MOST104‐2628‐M‐001‐008‐MY4, Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan, Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), and Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Atmospheric pressure, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Borehole, Crust, Geophysics, Strainmeter, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Rainwater harvesting, 13. Climate action, Typhoon, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Tropical cyclone, Sea level, Seismology, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; Geodetic instruments now offer compelling sensitivity, allowing to investigate how solid Earth and surface processes interact. By combining surface air pressure data, nontidal sea level variations model, and rainfall data, we systematically analyze the volumetric deformation of the shallow crust at seven borehole strainmeters in Taiwan induced by 31 tropical cyclones (typhoons) that made landfall to the island from 2004 to 2013. The typhoon's signature consists in a ground dilatation due to air pressure drop, generally followed by a larger ground compression. We show that this compression phase can be mostly explained by the mass loading of rainwater that falls on the ground and concentrates in the valleys towards the strainmeter sensitivity zone. Further, our analysis shows that borehole strainmeters can help quantifying the amount of rainwater accumulating and flowing over a watershed during heavy rainfalls, which is a useful constraint for building hydrological models.
Published: 2017

21. The Fate of Sulfur During Fluid-Present Melting of Subducting Basaltic Crust at Variable Oxygen Fugacity

Author: Rajdeep Dasgupta, Sébastien Jégo, Institute of Earth Sciences [Tapei] (IES Sinica), Academia Sinica, Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)
Subjects: Underplating, Mantle wedge, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Geochemistry, Mineralogy, engineering.material, Mantle (geology), Geophysics, 13. Climate action, Geochemistry and Petrology, Oceanic crust, Mineral redox buffer, [SDU.STU.VO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Volcanology, engineering, Slab, Saturation (chemistry), Pyrrhotite, Geology
Abstract: International audience; To constrain the effect of redox state on sulfur transport from subducting crust to mantle wedge during fluid-present melting and the stability of sulfur-bearing phases in the downgoing ocean crust, here we report high-pressure phase equilibria experiments on a H2O-saturated mid-ocean ridge basalt with 1 wt % S at variable oxygen fugacity (Graphic). Double-capsule experiments were conducted at 2*0 and 3*0 GPa and 950-1050°C, using Co-CoO, Ni-NiO, NixPd1-x-NiO, and Fe2O3-Fe3O4 external Graphic buffers. Sulfur content at sulfide saturation (SCSS) or sulfur content at sulfate saturation (SCAS) of experimental hydrous partial melts was measured by electron microprobe. All experiments were fluid-saturated and produced either pyrrhotite- or anhydrite-saturated assemblages of silicate glass, clinopyroxene, garnet, and rutile or titanomagnetite, ± amphibole ± quartz ± orthopyroxene. The silicate partial melt composition evolves from rhyolitic at 950°C to trachydacitic and trachyandesitic at 1050°C with increasing Graphic. At pyrrhotite saturation, melt S contents range from ∼30 ppm S at Graphic < FMQ - 1 to ∼500 ppm S at FMQ < Graphic ≤ FMQ + 1*1, whereas at anhydrite saturation (Graphic ≥ FMQ + 2*5) melt S concentrations range from ∼700 ppm S to 0*3 wt % S. Mass-balance calculations suggest that the aqueous fluid phase at equilibrium may contain as much as ∼15 wt % S at 1050°C at pyrrhotite saturation (Graphic ≤ FMQ + 1*1), in agreement with previous estimates, and up to 8 wt % S at anhydrite saturation. Our data also show that Graphic decreases markedly with increasing Graphic at pyrrhotite saturation, from several thousand at Graphic < FMQ - 1 to ∼ 200-400 at FMQ < Graphic ≤ FMQ + 1*1, owing to the increase of melt S content. At anhydrite saturation, Graphic is very low (
Published: 2014

22. Determination of fault planes and dimensions for low-magnitude earthquakes – A case study in eastern Taiwan

Author: Bor-Shouh Huang, Bertrand Delouis, Laetitia Mozziconacci, Department of Environmental Biology and Fisheries Science, National Taiwan Ocean University (EBFS), National Taiwan Ocean University (NTOU), Géoazur (GEOAZUR 7329), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Institute of Earth Sciences [Tapei] (IES Sinica), Academia Sinica, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, and Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)
Subjects: Seismic gap, geography, Focal mechanism, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Plane (geometry), Fault plane, Magnitude (mathematics), [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Geology, Fault (geology), 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Shock (mechanics), Scale (map), Seismology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes
Abstract: International audience; We present a modified version of the FMNEAR method for determining the focal mechanisms and fault plane geometries of small earthquakes. Our improvements allow determination of the fault plane and dimensions using the near-field components of only a few local records. The limiting factor is the number of stations: a minimum of five to six stations is required to discriminate between the fault plane and auxiliary plane. This limitation corresponds to events with magnitudes ML > 3.5 in eastern Taiwan, but strongly depends on station coverage in the study area. Once a fault plane is identified, it is provided along with its source time function and fault slip distribution. The proposed approach is validated by synthetic tests, and applied to real cases from a seismic crisis that occurred in the Longitudinal Valley of eastern Taiwan in April 2006. The fault geometries and faulting types of test events closely match the fault system of the main shock and reveal a minor one inside the faults zone of the Longitudinal Valley. Tested on a larger scale, this approach enables the fault geometries of main and secondary fault systems to be recovered from small earthquakes, allowing subsurface faults to be mapped in detail without waiting for a large, damaging event.
Published: 2016

23. The association between volcanic fluid variations and seismic events in the Tatun Volcano Group, northern Taiwan

Author: Lee, Hsiaofen, Yang, Tsanyao Frank, Lin, Cheng-Horng, Lan, Tefang, Pu, Hsin-Chieh, Mouyen, Maxime, Institute of Earth Sciences [Tapei] (IES Sinica), Academia Sinica, Department of Geosciences, National Taiwan University, Department of Geosciences, Géosciences Rennes (GR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Geosciences Union, Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), and Dubigeon, Isabelle
Subjects: [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, [SDU.STU.GC] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, [SDU.STU.VO] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Volcanology, [SDU.STU.VO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Volcanology
Abstract: International audience; Taiwan is located at the western edge of the circum-Pacific volcanic belt. Hydrothermal activity is still common inthe Tatun Volcano Group, and it is one of the major geothermal areas in Taiwan. Before developing the geothermalresources, monitoring volcanic activities and further evaluating volcanic hazards are essential measures. Geochemistryplays an important role in investigating geothermal reservoirs. In the past decade, researchers in Taiwanhave accomplished several studies in this area. Our group collected volcanic gas and water samples to analyzetheir chemical compositions and isotopic ratios.Integrating our observations with seismic and gravity data, we can associate fluid variations with two mechanisms.Firstly, the variations of fluid concentration, seismic events and gravity fluctuations occurred in a time series.SO2/H2S ratios from Da-you-keng varied from 0 to 3 since 2005 to 2007. Meanwhile, HCl concentrations alsoincreased dramatically. Then large gravity variations and volcanic earthquake swarms took place subsequently.Same process happened again in 2010. We infer that magma chamber disturbance and/or deep fluid transportationmight be the major cause. The other case, unlike the former one having multiple proxy variations, we only observedHCl concentration increasing rapidly after big earthquakes. The variations are reckoned as the consequenceof hydrothermal reservoir disturbed by earthquakes, and the responding time is short and rapid
Published: 2016

24. Is Gold Solubility Subject to Pressure Variations in Ascending Arc Magmas?

Author: Jun-Ichi Kimura, Qing Chang, Sébastien Jégo, Michihiko Nakamura, Yoshiyuki Iizuka, Georg F. Zellmer, Institute of Earth Sciences [Tapei] (IES Sinica), Academia Sinica, Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Magma - UMR7327, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Department of Earth Science, Tohoku University, Tohoku University [Sendai], Institute for Research on Earth Evolution [Yokosuka] (IFREE), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Soil and Earth Sciences Group, and National Science Council of Taiwan (YI: NSC 99-2116-M-001-013), the Institute of Earth Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei (Taiwan) and the GCOE Program for Earth Sciences (Tohoku University, Japan)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Sulfide, Mineralogy, Sulfide-sulfate transition, Au-Cu-Mo deposits, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Mantle (geology), Hydrothermal circulation, chemistry.chemical_compound, Geochemistry and Petrology, Pressure, Piston-cylinder apparatus, Solubility, Dissolution, Arc magmas, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, chemistry.chemical_classification, Piston-cylinder experiments, fO2, Partial melting, Gold solubility, Sulfur solubility, Silicate, chemistry, Chemical engineering, 13. Climate action, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Geology
Abstract: International audience; Magmas play a key role in the genesis of epithermal and porphyry ore deposits, notably by providing the bulk of ore metals to the hydrothermal fluid phase. It has been long shown that the formation of major deposits requires a multi-stage process, including the concentration of metals in silicate melts at depth and their transfer into the exsolved ore fluid in more superficial environments. Both aspects have been intensively studied for most of noble metals in subsurface conditions, whereas the effect of pressure on the concentration (i.e., solubility) of those metals in magmas ascending from the sublithospheric mantle to the shallow arc crust has been quite neglected. Here, we present new experimental data aiming to constrain the processes of gold (Au) dissolution in subduction-linked magmas along a range of depth. We have conducted hydrous melting experiments on two dacitic/adakitic magmas at 0.9 and 1.4 GPa and ∼1000°C in an end-loaded piston cylinder apparatus, under fO2 conditions close to NNO as measured by solid Co-Pd-O sensors. Experimental charges were carried out in pure Au containers, the latter serving as the source of gold, in presence of variable amounts of H2O and, for half of the charges, with elemental sulfur (S) so as to reach sulfide saturation. Au concentrations in melt quenched to glass were determined by LA-ICPMS. When compared to previous data obtained at lower pressures and variable redox conditions, our results show that in both S-free and sulfide-saturated systems pressure has no direct, detectable effect on melt Au solubility. Nevertheless, pressure has a strong, negative effect on sulfur solubility. Since gold dissolution is closely related to the behaviour of sulfur in reducing and moderately oxidizing conditions, pressure has therefore a significant but indirect effect on Au solubility. The present study confirms that Au dissolution is mainly controlled by fO2 in S-free melts and by a complex interplay of fO2 and melt S2- concentration in sulfide-saturated melts, at given temperature. In addition, we propose that the transition from sulfide (S2-) to sulfate (S6+) species in melt is shifted towards more oxidizing conditions when pressure and the degree of melt polymerization increase. If this is true, this may have important consequences during mantle melting and magma ascent. In particular, if mantle melting occurred in moderately oxidizing conditions, a small degree of partial melting would allow the primary melts to become Au-enriched but the relatively high pressure would move the sulfide-sulfate transition to more oxidizing conditions, making the primary melts saturated with sulfide phases that would sequester gold from the melt. During magma ascent, the decreasing pressure would favour the destabilization of sulfides and the release of gold to the silicate melt. However, at shallow levels, decreasing pressure, magma evolution, and varying redox conditions would be continuously competing to concentrate or fractionate gold.
Published: 2016

25. Gold solubility in arc magmas: Experimental determination of the effect of sulfur at 1000 °C and 0.4 GPa

Author: Michel Pichavant, Sébastien Jégo, Institute of Earth Sciences [Tapei] (IES Sinica), Academia Sinica, Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans (ISTO), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Earth Science, Rice University [Houston], Research grant from the Australian government and the French GDR TRANSMET. S., and Université de Tours-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: intermediate arc magmas, Philippines, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Inorganic chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, 010501 environmental sciences, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Mass spectrometry, 01 natural sciences, Redox, gold speciation, Geochemistry and Petrology, Mineral redox buffer, Oxidizing agent, [SDU.STU.VO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Volcanology, fS2, Solubility, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Chemistry, fO2, Gold solubility, Sulfur, 13. Climate action, sulfur, Adakite, Order of magnitude, HP-HT experiments
Abstract: International audience; To investigate the behaviour of gold in sulfur-bearing hydrous intermediate calcalkaline melts under different redox states typical of subduction-zone settings, we have determined the solubility of Au at 0.4 GPa and 1000°C for three dacitic magmas (two adakites and one calc-alkaline composition) from the North-Luzon Arc (Philippines). The experiments were performed over an oxygen fugacity (fO2) range corresponding to reducing (~NNO-1), moderately oxidizing (~NNO+1.5) and strongly oxidizing ( NNO+3) conditions as measured by solid Ni-Pd-O sensors. They were carried out in gold containers, serving also as the source of gold, in presence of variable amounts of H2O and ~1 wt% of elemental sulfur (S). Concentrations of Au in glasses were determined by laser-ablation inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS). Gold solubility in S-bearing melts is drastically enhanced compared to S-free melts, by up to two orders of magnitude. In addition, very high gold solubilities are reached under reducing conditions (< NNO-1) in Fe-poor, S-rich, sulfide-saturated melts probably as a result of an increase of fH2S, and a strong increase of gold solubility is observed at the sulfide/sulfate transition (from ~NNO+1.25 to NNO+1.6) due to the destabilization of sulfides and the increase of melt S2- concentration. Thermodynamic modelling of the experimental results suggest that the dissolution of gold in silicate melt is the result of a combination of various gold species (Au0, Au2O, Au2O3, Au2S3, Au2(SO4)3, and Au2FeS2) present in the melt in variable proportions, depending on the three parameters considered in the model - log fO2, log fS2 and log XFeS - which are the main variables controlling the dissolution of gold in melt under our experimental PTX conditions. Our modelling shows that Au2FeS2 is the main gold species dissolved under reducing conditions (i.e., S6+/Stotal ~ 0), whereas at sulfate saturation gold is mainly dissolved as Au metal and Au2O. The present study shows that sulfide undersaturation of primary mantle magmas or/and highly oxidizing conditions are not required for metal mobilization from the source, since gold enrichment in evolving arc magmas and exsolving fluid phases is likely to occur over a wide range of fO2 at sulfide saturation, from NNO < -1 to the sulfide-sulfate transition (i.e., NNO+0.5-2.0); nevertheless it is critically controlled by variations of fS2 and fH2S. The role of Au-enriched slab partial melts and slab-derived aqueous fluids, and the importance of the abundance of sulfur in the source for an early gold enrichment in the melt, are emphasized.
Published: 2012

26. Structural and Geochronological Study of High‐Pressure Metamorphic Rocks in the Kekesu Section (Northwestern China): Implications for the Late Paleozoic Tectonics of the Southern Tianshan

Author: Koenraad de Jong, Gilles Ruffet, Yan Chen, Bo Wang, Dominique Cluzel, Jacques Charvet, Bor-ming Jahn, Liangshu S. Shu, Michel Faure, Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans (ISTO), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Earth Sciences [Tapei] (IES Sinica), Academia Sinica, Department of Earth Sciences [Nanjing], Nanjing University (NJU), School of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Seoul] (SEES), Seoul National University [Seoul] (SNU), Géosciences Rennes (GR), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre Armoricain de Recherches en Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre Armoricain de Recherches en Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDU.STU.TE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Tectonics, Blueschist, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Paleozoic, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Metamorphic rock, Southern chinese, Geochemistry, Mineralogy, Geology, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Tectonics, Sinistral and dextral, High pressure, Geochronology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; Blueschist- and eclogite-facies high- to ultrahigh-pressure (HP/UHP) metamorphic rocks occur in the southern Tianshan Belt. Their deformation and metamorphic history is important for understanding the Paleozoic tectonics of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. Our study focuses on the structural analysis and geochronology of the HP metamorphic rocks and the surrounding rocks in the Kekesu Section in the southern Chinese Tianshan. Geometric and kinematic analyses indicate three ductile deformation events: a top-to-the-north thrusting, a top-to-the-south shearing, and a dextral wrenching. New 40Ar/39Ar laser probe plateau ages were obtained on white mica from retrograde blueschist ( 316+/-2and331+/-1Ma; 1j) and greenschist-facies metasediments (323+/-1 Ma; 1j). These ages are interpreted as the time of retrograde recrystallization during exhumation of the HP metamorphic rocks. New structural and isotopic data, in conjunction with previous results, suggest that (1) the collision event occurred during the latest Devonian to earliest Carboniferous, resulting in HP/UHP metamorphism and the top-to-the-north thrusting; (2) the postcollisional exhumation of the HP/UHP metamorphic rocks and extensive retrograde metamorphism under greenschistfacies conditions took place in the Mid-Late Carboniferous and are correlated with south-dipping normal faulting; and (3) Permian ductile dextral shearing and associated granitic intrusion and fluid activity severely overprinted the earlier fabrics.
Published: 2010

27. Numerical dynamos with outer boundary heat flux inferred from probabilistic tomography—consequences for latitudinal distribution of magnetic flux

Author: Hagay Amit, Frédéric Deschamps, Gaël Choblet, Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique [UMR 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Earth Sciences [Tapei] (IES Sinica), Academia Sinica, Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique UMR6112 (LPG), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Nantes - Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, and Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université d'Angers (UA)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Boundary (topology), [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Geophysics, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Magnetic flux, Magnetic field, Core (optical fiber), Classical mechanics, Heat flux, Geochemistry and Petrology, Seismic tomography, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Tomography, Geology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Dynamo
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2015

28. Understanding ENSO Diversity

Author: Sang-Wook Yeh, Julia E. Cole, Antonietta Capotondi, Eric Guilyardi, Benjamin Kirtman, Matthew Newman, Fei-Fei Jin, Emanuele Di Lorenzo, Niklas Schneider, Pascale Braconnot, Kristopher B. Karnauskas, Benjamin S. Giese, Jin-Yi Yu, Tong Lee, Boris Dewitte, Yan Xue, Andrew T. Wittenberg, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL), LMS International [Leuven] (LMS), LMS International, Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Modelling the Earth Response to Multiple Anthropogenic Interactions and Dynamics (MERMAID), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'études en Géophysique et océanographie spatiales (LEGOS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Oceanography [College Station], Texas A&M University [College Station], Processus de la variabilité climatique tropicale et impacts (PARVATI), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), NCAS-Climate [Reading], Department of Meteorology [Reading], University of Reading (UOR)-University of Reading (UOR), Unité de Mathématiques Pures et Appliquées (UMPA-ENSL), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), Institute of Earth Sciences [Tapei] (IES Sinica), Academia Sinica, Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics [Boulder] (LASP), University of Colorado [Boulder], Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)
Subjects: Tropical pacific, Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Range (biology), media_common.quotation_subject, Mode (statistics), Multivariate ENSO index, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Sea surface temperature, El Niño Southern Oscillation, Oceanography, Geography, Climatology, Spatial ecology, 14. Life underwater, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Diversity (politics), media_common
Abstract: El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a naturally occurring mode of tropical Pacific variability, with global impacts on society and natural ecosystems. While it has long been known that El Niño events display a diverse range of amplitudes, triggers, spatial patterns, and life cycles, the realization that ENSO’s impacts can be highly sensitive to this event-to-event diversity is driving a renewed interest in the subject. This paper surveys our current state of knowledge of ENSO diversity, identifies key gaps in understanding, and outlines some promising future research directions.
Published: 2015

29. No evidence for change of the atmospheric helium isotope composition since 1978 from re-analysis of the Cape Grim Air Archive

Author: Mabry, J, Lan, Tf, Boucher, C, Boucher, Christine, Burnard, P.G., Brennwald, M, Langenfelds, R, Marty, Bernard, Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques (CRPG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Earth Sciences [Tapei] (IES Sinica), Academia Sinica, Institut de la Vision, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of aquatic ecology (EAWAG), Swiss Federal institute of aquatic science and technology, CSIRO, Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Aspendale, Vic, Australia, European Project: 267255,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2010-AdG_20100224,NOGAT(2011), Marty, Bernard, and NOBLE GAS TRACING OF SOURCES AND SINKS OF VOLATILE ELEMENTS IN THE ATMOSPHERE - NOGAT - - EC:FP7:ERC2011-01-01 - 2016-12-31 - 267255 - VALID
Subjects: business.industry, Industrial research, chemistry.chemical_element, Atmospheric sciences, Trace gas, Geophysics, Oceanography, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Geochemistry and Petrology, Natural gas, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Cape, [SDU.STU.GC] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), business, Isotopes of helium, Helium, Geology
Abstract: International audience; The helium isotope composition of air might have changed since the industrial revolution due to the release of 4He-rich crustal helium during exploitation of fossil fuels. Thereby, variation of the atmospheric helium isotope ratio (3He/4He) has been proposed as a possible new atmospheric tracer of industrial activity. However, the magnitude of such change is debated, with possible values ranging from 0 to about 2/yr(Sano et al., 1989; Hoffmanand Nier, 1993; Pierson-Wickmann et al., 2001;Brennwald et al., 2013;Lupton and Evans, 2013). A new analytical facility for high precision (2, 2σ) analysis of the 3He/4He ratio of air has been developed at CRPG Nancy (France) capable of investigating permil level variations. Previously, Brennwald et al.(2013)analyzed a selection of air samples archived since 1978 at Cape Grim, Tasmania, by the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO). They reported a mean temporal decrease of the 3He/4He ratio of 0.23–0.30/yr. Re-analysis of aliquots of the same samples using the new high-precision instrument showed no significant temporal decrease of the 3He/4He ratio (0.0095 ±0.033/yr, 2σ) in the time interval 1978–2011. These new data constrain the mean He content of globally produced natural gas to about 0.034% or less, which is about 3×lower than commonly quoted.
Published: 2015

30. Investigating possible gravity change rates expected from long-term deep crustal processes in Taiwan

Author: SIMOES, Martine, Mouyen, M., Simões, M., Mouthereau, F., Masson, F., Hwang, C., Cheng, C., Institut de physique du globe de Strasbourg (IPGS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences de la Terre de Paris (iSTeP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Departamento de Engenharia Informática / Department of Informatics Engineering (DEI), University of Coimbra [Portugal] (UC)-Universidade de Coimbra [Coimbra], Laboratoire de tectonique (LT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Laboratoire de Géophysique Interne et Tectonophysique (LGIT), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées (LCPC)-Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR), Department of Civil Engineering [Hsinchu], National Chiao Tung University (NCTU), Institute of Earth Sciences [Tapei] (IES Sinica), Academia Sinica, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Mantle (geology), Gravity anomaly, Numerical approximations and analysis, Geochemistry and Petrology, Gravimetry, Numerical approximations and analysis Time variable gravity Dynamics: gravity and tectonics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Underplating, Subduction, Crust, Geophysics, Tectonics, Mountain formation, 13. Climate action, Time variable gravity, Dynamics: gravity and tectonics, Geology, Seismology
Abstract: International audience; We propose to test if gravimetry can prove useful in discriminating different models of long-term deep crustal processes in the case of the Taiwan mountain belt. We discuss two existing tectonic models that differ in the deep processes proposed to sustain the long-term growth of the orogen. One model assumes underplating of the uppermost Eurasian crust with subduction of the deeper part of the crust into the mantle. The other one suggests the accretion of the whole Eurasian crust above crustal-scale ramps, the lower crust being accreted into the collisional orogen. We compute the temporal gravity changes caused only by long-term rock mass transfers at depth for each of them. We show that the underplating model implies a rate of gravity change of −6 × 10 −2 µGal yr −1 , a value that increases to 2 × 10 −2 µGal yr −1 if crustal subduction is neglected. If the accretion of the whole Eurasian crust occurs, a rate of 7 × 10 −2 µGal yr −1 is obtained. The two models tested differ both in signal amplitude and spatial distribution. The yearly gravity changes expected by long-term deep crustal mass processes in Taiwan are two orders of magnitude below the present-day uncertainty of land-based gravity measurements. Assuming that these annually averaged long-term gravity changes will linearly accumulate with ongoing mountain building, multidecadal time-series are needed to identify comparable rates of gravity change. However, as gravity is sensitive to any mass redistribution, effects of short-term processes such as seismicity and surface mass transfers (erosion, sedimentation, groundwater) may prevent from detecting any long-term deep signal. This study indicates that temporal gravity is not appropriate for deciphering the long-term deep crustal processes involved in the Taiwan mountain belt.
Published: 2014

31. Les Houches 2013: Physics at TeV Colliders: New Physics Working Group Report

Author: Brooijmans, G., Contino, R., Fuks, B., Moortgat, F., Richardson, P., Sekmen, S., Weiler, A., Alloul, A., Arbey, A., Baglio, J., Barducci, D., Barr, A. J., Basso, L., Battaglia, M., Bélanger, G., Belyaev, A., Bernon, J., Bharucha, A., Bondu, O., Boudjema, F., Boos, E., Buchkremer, M., Bunichev, V., Cacciapaglia, G., Chalons, G., Conte, E., Dolan, M. J., Deandrea, A., Causmaecker, K., Djouadi, A., Dumont, B., Ellis, J., Englert, C., Falkowski, A., Fichet, S., Flacke, T., Gaz, A., Ghezzi, M., Godbole, R., Goudelis, A., Gouzevitch, M., Greco, D., Grober, R., Grojean, C., Guadagnoli, D., Gunion, J. F., Herrmann, B., Kalinowski, J., Kim, J. H., Kraml, S., Krauss, M. E., Suchita Kulkarni, Lee, S. J., Lim, S. H., Liu, D., Mahmoudi, F., Maravin, Y., Massironi, A., Mitzka, L., Mohan, K., Moreau, G., Mühlleitner, M. M., Nhung, D. T., O Leary, B., Oliveira, A., Panizzi, L., Pappadopulo, D., Pataraia, S., Porod, W., Pukhov, A., Riva, F., Rojo, J., Rosenfeld, R., Ruiz-Álvarez, J., Rzehak, H., Sanz, V., Sengupta, D., Spannowsky, M., Spira, M., Streicher, J., Strobbe, N., Thamm, A., Thomas, M., Torre, R., Waltenberger, W., Walz, K., Wilcock, A., Wulzer, A., Würthwein, F., Wymant, C., Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de Lyon (CRAL), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut für Theoretische Physik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique Théorique (LAPTH), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon (IPNL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Théorique d'Orsay [Orsay] (LPT), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Earth Sciences [Tapei] (IES Sinica), Academia Sinica, Energy Storage and Conversion, Research Institute of Hydro-Québec, Energy Storage and Conversion, Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire - Clermont-Ferrand (LPC), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Department of Physics, Okayama University, Institut de Physique Théorique - UMR CNRS 3681 (IPHT), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut für Theoretische Physik und Astronomie [Würzburg], Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg (JMU), Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia [Firenze], Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI), International, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg [Wurtzbourg, Allemagne] (JMU), LENS and Dip. di Fisica, Università di Firenze, and Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI)
Subjects: Les Houches, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, PhysTeV, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), [PHYS.HPHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Phenomenology [hep-ph], High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, BSM, FOS: Physical sciences, High Energy Physics::Experiment, LHC, Symmetry Breaking, Particle Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract: We present the activities of the "New Physics" working group for the "Physics at TeV Colliders" workshop (Les Houches, France, 3--21 June, 2013). Our report includes new computational tool developments, studies of the implications of the Higgs boson discovery on new physics, important signatures for searches for natural new physics at the LHC, new studies of flavour aspects of new physics, and assessments of the interplay between direct dark matter searches and the LHC., Comment: Proceedings of the New Physics Working Group of the 2013 Les Houches Workshop, Physics at TeV Colliders, Les Houches 3-21 June 2013. 201 pages
Published: 2014

32. Toward real-time regional earthquake simulation II: Real-time Online earthquake Simulation (ROS) of Taiwan earthquakes

Author: Jeroen Tromp, Bor-Shouh Huang, Wen-Tzong Liang, Dimitri Komatitsch, Qinya Liu, Shiann-Jong Lee, Institute of Earth Sciences [Tapei] (IES Sinica), Academia Sinica, Department of Physics [Toronto], University of Toronto, Department of Geosciences [Princeton], Princeton University, Ondes et Imagerie (O&I), Laboratoire de Mécanique et d'Acoustique [Marseille] (LMA ), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)
Subjects: Focal mechanism, Real-time online earthquake simulation, Point source, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Spectral element method, Spectral-element method, Centroid, Geology, Moment magnitude scale, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Grid, ShakeMap, Visualization, Earthquake simulation, [INFO.INFO-DC]Computer Science [cs]/Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing [cs.DC], ShakeMovie, Seismology, Earth-Surface Processes
Abstract: International audience; We developed a Real-time Online earthquake Simulation system (ROS) to simulate regional earthquakes in Taiwan. The ROS uses a centroid moment tensor solution of seismic events from a Real-time Moment Tensor monitoring system (RMT), which provides all the point source parameters including the event origin time, hypocentral location, moment magnitude and focal mechanism within 2 minutes after the occurrence of an earthquake. Then, all of the source parameters are automatically forwarded to the ROS to perform an earthquake simulation, which is based on a spectral-element method (SEM). A new island-wide, high resolution SEM mesh model is developed for the whole Taiwan in this study. We have improved SEM mesh quality by introducing a thin high-resolution mesh layer near the surface to accommodate steep and rapidly varying topography. The mesh for the shallow sedimentary basin is adjusted to reflect its complex geometry and sharp lateral velocity contrasts. The grid resolution at the surface is about 545 m, which is sufficient to resolve topography and tomography data for simulations accurate up to 1.0 Hz. The ROS is also an infrastructural service, making online earthquake simulation feasible. Users can conduct their own earthquake simulation by providing a set of source parameters through the ROS webpage. For visualization, a ShakeMovie and ShakeMap are produced during the simulation. The time needed for one event is roughly 3 minutes for a 70 sec ground motion simulation. The ROS is operated online at the Institute of Earth Sciences, Academia Sinica (http://ros.earth.sinica.edu.tw/). Our long-term goal for the ROS system is to contribute to public earth science outreach and to realize seismic ground motion prediction in real-time.
Published: 2014

33. How fast is the denudation of the Taiwan mountain belt? Perspectives from in situ cosmogenic 10Be

Author: Didier Bourlès, Jian-Cheng Lee, Régis Braucher, Lionel Siame, Hao-Tsu Chu, Rou-Fei Chen, Timothy B. Byrne, F. Derrieux, Laëtitia Léanni, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), International Laboratory, ADEPT, France-Taiwan, CNRS-NSC, Institute of Earth Sciences [Tapei] (IES Sinica), Academia Sinica, Central Geological Survey, Center for Integrative Geosciences, University of Connecticut (UCONN), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Population, Drainage basin, Taiwan, 01 natural sciences, Precipitation, 010503 geology, Cosmogenic nuclide, education, Geomorphology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, education.field_of_study, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Front (oceanography), Geology, 15. Life on land, Denudation, Cosmogenic nuclides [10Be], Tectonics, Mountain formation, Mountain building, 13. Climate action, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]
Abstract: International audience; Quantifying denudation rates in a wide range of climatic and tectonic settings at various time and space scales is a critical step in calibrating and validating landscape evolution models. Focusing on Taiwan, we quantified centennial rates of denudation at the scale of the whole orogen, using in situ 10Be concentrations measured in stream sediments collected at the outlets of major rivers. To assess denudation rates that are statistically significant, we applied both the mean square weighted deviation approach and the bootstrap technique. For the central segment of the belt, where the collision is considered to be near mature, the orogen-scale pattern of denudation shows a two-fold pattern: (1) higher denudation values on the order of 4–5 mm/yr characterize the eastern side of the belt (i.e., retro-wedge), with a slight increase towards the south and (2) lower denudation values on the order of 1–3 mm/yr on the western side of the belt (pro-wedge) with a minimum value centered on the main recess of the deformation front. To the north and to the south of the central segment, the denudation rates converge towards lower values on the order of 2–3 mm/yr. At the scale of the mountain belt, drainage basin metrics such as relief, hypsometric index and slope values seem to explain the observed variance in the data population, conversely to the first-order average precipitation pattern, suggesting a strong tectonic control on the regional pattern of denudation rates. Applied to the whole orogen, such field-based approach thus provides important input data to validate and calibrate the parameters to be supplied to landscape evolution models.
Published: 2014

34. Rupture behavior of a moderate earthquake (MW 5.9, April 2006) and its close relation with the 2003 Chengkung earthquake (MW 6.8) at the southern termination of the plate boundary, southeast Taiwan

Author: Shiann-Jong Lee, Bertrand Delouis, Laetitia Mozziconacci, Jian-Cheng Lee, Bor-Shouh Huang, Géoazur (GEOAZUR 6526), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Earth Sciences [Tapei] (IES Sinica), Academia Sinica, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), and COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: geography, Strike and dip, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Point source, Rake, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Geology, Slip (materials science), Fault (geology), 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Geodesy, Collision, 01 natural sciences, Plate tectonics, Interplate earthquake, Seismology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes
Abstract: International audience; The Taiwanese orogen is the result of the active and vigorous collision between the Eurasian and the Philippine Sea plates. In this strong convergence context, a one month-long earthquake sequence composed of two mainshocks of magnitude 6 occurred in April 2006 in the Taitung area. The first mainshock (T1) mobilized a structure just west to the plate boundary, while the second one (T2) is located on the other side. In order to retrieve the exact fault geometry of T2, we inverted waveforms from stations located at local and teleseismic distances. We performed a grid search on strike and dip (each strike-dip couple defining a geometry) considering the source as a point source then as an extended source. In the last case, a simple average over stations misfit failed to isolate a precise geometry. To overcome this problem, we used a more statistical approach on the distribution of misfits to define the best geometry. Comparing the best model to local structures, it appears the generative fault was the plate boundary that rotates from a strike pointing at N20°E north of the event to N0°E in T2 area with an identical eastward dip of 35°. For this model, the fault slip inversion provides a critical slip of 3.5 cm above which slip, rake and rupture time are constrained with uncertainties of 29%, 14° and 0.47 s respectively. The average slip along the rupture was 20 cm with a maximum of 46 ± 13 cm. The movement was inverse with a minor left-lateral component similar to the faulting behavior of the plate boundary. In addition, the slip pattern of T2 is contained within the southern portion of the deepest segment of the plate boundary and at the edge of the rupture area of the 2003 Chengkung earthquake (MW 6.8), a large event also generated by the plate boundary but 2.5 years earlier. After 1 s of aseismic spreading, the rupture propagated seismically and circularly outward before being stopped by the fault bending.
Published: 2013

35. Determining Fault Geometry from the Distribution of Coseismic Fault Slip Related to the 2006 Taitung Earthquake, Eastern Taiwan

Author: Laetitia Mozziconacci, Nicole Béthoux, Bertrand Delouis, Jian-Cheng Lee, Bor-Shouh Huang, Institute of Earth Sciences [Tapei] (IES Sinica), Academia Sinica, Géoazur (GEOAZUR 6526), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), and COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Seismic gap, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Hypocenter, business.industry, Inversion (geology), Rake, Geodetic datum, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Geometry, Orogeny, Slip (materials science), 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Geodesy, 01 natural sciences, Geophysics, Geochemistry and Petrology, Global Positioning System, business, Geology, Seismology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; On 1 April 2006, the Taitung earthquake (Mw 6.1) occurred in Taiwan at the boundary between the Philippine Sea and Eurasian plates, where high convergence rates contributed to the development of Plio‐Pleistocene orogeny in the region. From the joint inversion of seismic and geodetic data, we identified the event's fault geometry and reconstructed the distribution of coseismic fault slip. We modeled fault geometries with increasing complexity and selected the model that best reproduced all datasets, simultaneously. Even though the earthquake magnitude was moderate, rupturing occurred in two steps. The initial rupture was generated on a listric, north-south‐trending fault (for which dip decreases with increasing depth), and was immediately followed by movement along a perpendicular structure that cross‐cuts the main fault at 5 km south of the earthquake hypocenter. The average slip along the rupture was 30 cm, with a maximum of 87 cm. Oblique‐reverse fault movement was characterized by a predominant left‐lateral component. The amount of slip is well constrained for offsets of more than 5 cm, with an associated uncertainty of 32%. For slip amounts greater than 5 cm, uncertainties on rake and rupture time are 11° and 0.54 s, respectively. The rupture propagated from the hypocenter bilaterally, moving slightly faster toward the south (2.5±0.4 km/s) than to the north (1.7±0.1 km/s). To the south, the rupture was rapidly transmitted upward at the junction with the cross‐cutting east-west segment, whereas in the north, the rupture remained confined to the lower segment of the main fault. From Global Positioning Systems (GPS) and seismic data (time window
Published: 2013

36. Fracture patterns and their relations to mountain building in a fold-thrust belt: A case study in NW Taiwan

Author: Shen-Hsiung Liang, Jyr-Ching Hu, Jian-Cheng Lee, Hao-Tsu Chu, Teh-Quei Lee, Chia-Yu Lu, Françoise Bergerat, International Laboratory, ADEPT, France-Taiwan, CNRS-NSC, Central Geological Survey, Institute of Earth Sciences [Tapei] (IES Sinica), Academia Sinica, Institut des Sciences de la Terre de Paris (iSTeP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Geosciences, National Taiwan University, and Department of Geosciences
Subjects: geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Bedding, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Geology, Thrust, Fold (geology), 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Tectonics, Mountain formation, Shear (geology), Bed, Foothills, Seismology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: The main purpose of this study is to analyse striated micro-faults and other types of fractures (including tensile and shear joints, and veins), in order to elucidate their relationships with regional folds and thrusts and regional tectonic stress. We take the fold-thrust belt (i.e., the foothills and the Hsuehshan range) in NW Taiwan as a case study, which is a product of the Plio-Pleistocene arc-continent collision. A total of about 760 and 1700 faults and other fractures, respectively, were collected at 41 sites in the field. We have identified four sets of bed-perpendicular joints in the study area. The observation of joints and bedding at each site indicates that most of the penetrative joint sets developed in the earlier tectonic stage of the pre-folding/pre-tilting event, illustrating the fact that the intersection of joint sets lies along the line perpendicular to the bedding plane. We thus interpret these sets as tectonic fractures under deep-seated tectonic stress. We used the regional fold axes as reference to define the four fracture sets. However, we found that complexity in the study area makes this rather tentative. Principal stress axes σ1, σ2, σ3, were calculated by means of inversion of fault slip data at each site. The ratio Φ that defines the shape of stress ellipsoid is generally small, indicating that the value of the maximum principal stress axe σ1 is much larger compared to that of σ2 and σ3, which are approximately equal. The paleostress regime was characterized by a combination of thrust and strike-slip tectonic regimes. Based on their geometric relationships with tilted bedding, we found most of striated micro-faults were strongly related to the regional folding and can be categorized as early-, during, and late-folding stages. We characterized two major directions for the compressive event, oriented N110–120°E and N150–160°E respectively, which provide additional evidence to delineate the debates about paleostress changes in the Taiwan mountain building process.
Published: 2013

37. Crustal deformation at the southernmost part of the Ryukyu subduction (East Taiwan) as revealed by new marine seismic experiments

Author: Stéphanie Gautier, Théo Berthet, Thomas Theunissen, Yvonne Font, Wen-Tzong Liang, Serge Lallemand, Francis T. Wu, Chao-Shing Lee, Géosciences Montpellier, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dynamique de la Lithosphere, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géoazur (GEOAZUR 6526), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Transferts en milieux poreux, National Taiwan Ocean University (NTOU), Institute of Earth Sciences [Tapei] (IES Sinica), Academia Sinica, Department of Geological Sciences and Environmental Studies [Binghamton], Binghamton University [SUNY], State University of New York (SUNY)-State University of New York (SUNY), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), and Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Seismometer, 3D approach (a priori 3D P-wave velocity model), 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Slab pull, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Ocean bottom, Ryukyu forearc, Induced seismicity, Structural basin, Focal mechanisms, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Collision-Subduction transition east of Taiwan, 01 natural sciences, 14. Life underwater, Forearc, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, [SDU.STU.TE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Tectonics, Subduction, Eurasian Plate, Absolute earthquake location, Passive experiment RATS, Tectonics and Seismology) [Passive experiment RATS (Ryukyu Arc], Geophysics, 13. Climate action, 3D approach, Seismology, Geology
Abstract: The southernmost part of the Ryukyu subduction, where the Philippine Sea Plate is subducting under the Eurasian Plate, is known to be a very seismically active region of transition from a north-dipping subduction along the Ryukyu subduction to an similar to SE-NW collision along the Taiwanese orogenic wedge. In this paper, we will focus on the Ryukyu forearc area close to Taiwan where the deformation is paroxysmal. In order to decipher the nature of the seismic deformation in this region, a three month passive experiment, combining 22 Ocean Bottom Seismometers and 51 onland stations, has been led. Starting from an a-priori heterogeneous model, we have obtained 801 well-located earthquake hypocenters, a precise P-wave tomography model and 14 focal mechanisms. The seismicity along the Ryukyu forearc is mainly located not only in the vicinity of the Interplate Seismogenic Zone (ISZ) but also within both the subducting PSP and the overriding plate. Seismicity within the upper-plate is essentially localized east of Nanao basin where NW-SE extension occurs, and northwest of the Hoping basin where strike-slip dominates. As revealed by both the P-wave velocity structure and the newly derived seismicity, we argue that a sub-vertical step offsetting the subducting PSP around 10 km may support the presence of a trench-parallel tear. The PSP also undergoes extension in its upper part that is probably caused by buckling and slab pull. The P-wave velocity structure reveals three other major features: (1) a continuity between the Central Range and the Ryukyu Arc with a shallower Moho (similar to 30 km depth) between similar to 122.3 degrees N and similar to 122.5 degrees N along the Ryukyu Arc, (2) high P-wave velocities along the eastern side of the Central Range and, (3) two bodies with similar high crustal velocities (6.5-7.0 km/s) at 12-18 km depths, embedded within the Ryukyu arc basement, just north of Hoping Basin and north of the Nanao Basin.
Published: 2012

38. An earthquake slip zone is a magnetic recorder

Author: En Chao Yeh, Chien Ying Wang, Yu-Min Chou, Teh-Quei Lee, Li Wei Kuo, Charles Aubourg, Anne Marie Boullier, Sheng-Rong Song, Yen Fang Song, Department of Geosciences, National Taiwan University [Taiwan] (NTU), International Laboratory France-Taiwan CNRS-NSC ADEPT, Laboratoire des Fluides Complexes et leurs Réservoirs (LFCR), TOTAL FINA ELF-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Earth Sciences [Tapei] (IES Sinica), Academia Sinica, Mécanique des failles, Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-PRES Université de Grenoble-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-PRES Université de Grenoble-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center (NSRRC), Department of Earth Sciences and Institute of Geophysics, National Central University [Taiwan] (NCU), PAI ORCHID 2006 International Laboratory France-Taiwan CNRS-NSC ADEPT, ANR-06-CATT-0001,ACTS TAIWAN,Active Tectonics and Seismic Hazard in Taiwan(2006), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-TOTAL FINA ELF, and National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center
Subjects: [SDU.STU.TE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Tectonics, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Magnetic minerals, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Drilling, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Geology, Slip (materials science), 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Earth's magnetic field, Ferromagnetism, chemistry, Fault gouge, Magnetic dipole, Seismology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Magnetite
Abstract: International audience; During an earthquake, the physical and the chemical transformations along a slip zone lead to an intense deformation within the gouge layer of a mature fault zone. Because the gouge contains ferromagnetic minerals, it has the capacity to behave as a magnetic recorder during an earthquake. This constitutes a conceivable way to identify earthquakes slip zones. In this paper, we investigate the magnetic record of the Chelungpu fault gouge that hosts the principal slip zone of the Chi-Chi earthquake (Mw 7.6, 1999, Taiwan) using Taiwan Chelungpu-fault Drilling Project core samples. Rock magnetic investigation pinpoints the location of the Chi-Chi mm-thick principal slip zone within the 16-cm thick gouge at ~1 km depth. A modern magnetic dipole of Earth magnetic field is recovered throughout this gouge but not in the wall rocks nor in the two other adjacent fault zones. This magnetic record resides essentially in two magnetic minerals; magnetite in the principal slip zone, and neoformed goethite elsewhere in the gouge. We propose a model where magnetic record: 1) is preserved during inter-seismic time, 2) is erased during co-seismic time and 3) is imprinted during post-seismic time when fluids cooled down. We suggest that the identification of a stable magnetic record carried by neoformed goethite may be a signature of friction-heating process in seismic slip zone.
Published: 2012

39. Rupture at the flank of the subducted Gagua ridge: The 18 December 2001 earthquake (Mw 6.8) offshore eastern Taiwan

Author: Konstantinou, K.I., Lee, S. J., Font, Y., Kao, H., Institute of Geophysics [Taïwan], National Central University [Taiwan] (NCU), Institute of Earth Sciences [Tapei] (IES Sinica), Academia Sinica, Géoazur (GEOAZUR 6526), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Geological Survey of Canada [Sidney - Vancouver] (GSC Pacific), Geological Survey of Canada - Office (GSC), Natural Resources Canada (NRCan)-Natural Resources Canada (NRCan), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), and COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Slip distribution, Seamount, Gagua ridge, Ryukyu subduction, Taiwan, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences
Abstract: The southern Ryukyus represents an area where different tectonic stress regimes result in high seismicity and increased seismic hazard for nearby areas such as Taiwan. On 18 December 2001 at 04:03 (GMT) a strong earthquake (Mw 6.8) occurred in the forearc area of the southern Ryukyu subduction zone. Revised moment tensor solutions published by GCMT and BATS groups show a normal faulting mechanism with some strike-slip component and also point to a shallow focal depth (similar to 12 km). We use arrival times picked at both Taiwanese and Japanese stations along with a 3D geo-realistic a priori velocity model in order to obtain accurate absolute locations for the mainshock and 153 of its aftershocks. Locations are derived by using the Maximum intersection (MAXI) algorithm which has been used in many previous seismicity studies in the southern Ryukyus. These improved locations indicate that the mainshock was caused by the failure of a NE-SW oriented fault that extends from the edge of the Nanao forearc sedimentary basin to the Ryukyu arc basement. Far-field P and SH waveforms of the mainshock recorded at stations surrounding the source and at distances 30-100 degrees, were inverted for the purpose of investigating its rupture process. A non-negative least-squares inversion technique utilizing multiple time windows was used to derive the spatio-temporal slip distribution. The preferred slip distribution model shows that there is one large area of high slip (similar to 0.9 m) at 5-15 km depth that essentially represents the crystalline rocks of the Ryukyu arc basement. Another smaller area with lower slip (similar to 0.4 m) extends at 10-15 km depth beneath the Nanao basin. Most aftershocks are located in areas of low slip (< 0.4 m) filling the regions of slip deficit. It is likely that the 18 December 2001 earthquake was caused by a stress field interaction generated by the oblique subduction of the Gagua ridge and the gravitational forces acting at its landward flank.
Published: 2011

40. Nappe structure revealed by thermal constraints in the Taiwan metamorphic belt

Author: Chen, Chih-tung, Chan, Yu-Chang, Lu, Chia-yu, SIMOES, Martine, Beyssac, Olivier, National Taiwan University, Institute of Earth Sciences [Tapei] (IES Sinica), Academia Sinica, Department of Geosciences, National Taiwan University, Department of Geosciences, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Laboratoire de géologie de l'ENS (LGENS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)
Subjects: [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2011

41. Timing of initiation of extension in the Tianshan, based on structural, geochemical and geochronological analyses of bimodal volcanism and olistostrome in the Bogda Shan (NW China)

Author: Yuan Zhang, Zhaojie Guo, Jacques Charvet, Wenbin Zhu, Bo Wang, Liangshu Shu, State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research, Nanjing University (NJU), Institute of Earth Sciences [Tapei] (IES Sinica), Academia Sinica, School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University [Beijing], Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans (ISTO), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, No. 2007CB411301) and the State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research (Nanjing University) (No. 2008-I-01)., and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Bimodal volcanic rocks, Tianshan, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Geochemistry, Pyroclastic rock, Olistostrome, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Central Asian Orogenic Belt, Rhyolite, Zircon U-Pb dating, Bogda Shan, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Basalt, [SDU.STU.TE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Tectonics, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Gabbro, Volcanic rock, 13. Climate action, Bimodal volcanism, Early Permian, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Geology, Zircon
Abstract: International audience; This paper describes an olistostrome formation and accompanied bimodal volcanic rocks occurring in the Baiyanggou area, south of Bogda Shan. The main lithotectonic units consist of olistostrome, volcanic rocks and turbidite. The olistostrome is tectonically underlain by Upper Carboniferous limestone and sandstone along a NEE-trending detachment fault. Paleo-growth fault is locally observed. The olistostrome unit includes plenty of blocks of limestone, sandstone, rhyolite and volcaniclastic rocks, and a matrix of graywacke. Limestone blocks are dated as Pennsylvanian-Bashkirian in age by the coral and brachiopod fossils that are extensively recognized in the Upper Carboniferous strata. The volcanic unit consists of pillowed and massive basalt and rhyolite, the latter occur as an 8- to 10-meter-thick layer above the olistostrome unit. The turbidite unit is mainly composed of chert, siliceous mudstone and sandstone, within which the Bouma sequence can be locally recognized. Meter-wide gabbro and diabase dykes intrude these three units. Geochemically, rhyolites are characterized by high ACNK value of >1.1, depletion of Ba, Nb and Sm, and enrichment in Rb, Th and Zr. Basaltic rocks are rich in K2O, they show a LREE-enriched pattern and depletion in Ba, Nb and Zr, and enrichment in Ti, Ce and Hf, similar to continental rift-type tholeiite series. A gabbro porphyrite intruding the olistostrome was dated at 288 ± 3 Ma by a sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) zircon U-Pb method, and a rhyolite at 297 ± 2 Ma by a laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (LA-ICPMS) zircon U-Pb method. The Baiyanggou olistostrome and accompanying bimodal volcanic series are linked to an extensional setting that developed in the south of the Bogda Shan. Several lines of evidence, e.g. occurrence of large-scale strike-slip shear zones, large number of mantle-derived magmatic rocks and available geochronological data, demonstrate a significant geodynamic change from convergence to extension in the Chinese Tianshan belt, even in the whole Central Asian Orogenic Belt. The extension in the Chinese Tianshan belt is initiated at ca. 300 Ma, i.e. around Carboniferous-Permian boundary times, and the peak period of intra-plate magmatism occurred in the interval of 300-250 Ma.
Published: 2011

42. Paleozoic tectonics of the southern Chinese Tianshan: Insights from structural, chronological and geochemical studies of the Heiyingshan ophiolitic mélange (NW China)

Author: Sun-Lin Chung, Dominique Cluzel, Jacques Charvet, Sebastien Meffre, Bor-ming Jahn, Bo Wang, Liangshu S. Shu, Michel Faure, State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research, Nanjing University (NJU), Institute of Earth Sciences [Tapei] (IES Sinica), Academia Sinica, Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans (ISTO), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pôle Pluridisciplinaire de la Matière et de l'Environnement (PPME), Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC), Department of Geological Sciences, National Taiwan University [Taiwan] (NTU), ARC Centre of Excellence in Ore Deposits (CODES), University of Tasmania [Hobart, Australia] (UTAS), This study was funded by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) (2007CB411301) and co-sponsored by National Nature Science Foundation of China (40802043) National Science Council (NSC-Taiwan) through grants numbers: NSC 96-2752-M-002-010-PA, NSC 96-2116-M-001-004, and NSC 97-2752-M-002-003-PA., and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Paleozoic, Permian, Paleozoic tectonics, Tianshan Belt, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Geochronology, Geochemistry, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Devonian, Central Asian Orogenic Belt, Ophiolitic mélange, Carboniferous, 14. Life underwater, Suture (geology), Petrology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, [SDU.STU.TE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Tectonics, Gabbro, Continental crust, 15. Life on land, Geophysics, 13. Climate action, Mafic, Geology
Abstract: International audience; In the southern Chinese Tianshan, the southernmost part of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB), widespread ophiolitic mélanges form distinct tectonic units that are crucial for understanding the formation of the CAOB. However, the timing of tectonic events and subduction polarity are still in controversy. In order to better understand these geological problems, a comprehensive study was conducted on the Heiyingshan ophiolitic mélange in the SW Chinese Tianshan. Detailed structural analysis reveals that the ophiolitic mélange is tectonically underlain by sheared and weakly metamorphosed pre-Middle Devonian rocks, and unconformably overlain by non-metamorphic and undeformed lower Carboniferous (Serpukhovian) to Permian strata. The igneous assemblage of the mélange comprises OIB-like alkali basalt and andesite, N-MORB-like tholeiitic basalt, sheeted diabase dikes, cumulate gabbro and peridotite. Mafic rocks display supra-subduction signatures, and some bear evidence of contamination with the continental crust, suggesting a continental marginal (back-arc) basin setting. Zircons of a gabbro were dated at 392 ± 5 Ma by the U-Pb LA-ICP-MS method. Famennian-Visean radiolarian microfossils were found in the siliceous matrix of the ophiolitic mélange. Mylonitic phyllite which displays northward-directed kinematic evidence yielded muscovite 40Ar/39Ar plateau ages of 359 ± 2 Ma and 356 ± 2 Ma. These new data, combined with previously published results, suggest that the mafic protoliths originally formed in a back-arc basin in the Chinese southern Tianshan during the late Silurian to Middle Devonian and were subsequently incorporated into the ophiolitic mélange and thrust northward during the Late Devonian to early Carboniferous. Opening of the back-arc basin was probably induced by south-dipping subduction of the Paleo-Tianshan Ocean in the early Paleozoic, and the Central Tianshan block was rifted away from the Tarim block. Closure of the back-arc basin in the early Carboniferous formed the South Tianshan Suture Zone and re-amalgamated the two blocks.
Published: 2011

43. Geochronological and geochemical features of the Cathaysia block (South China): new evidence for the Neoproterozoic breakup of Rodinia

Author: Michel Faure, Bor-ming Jahn, Liangshu S. Shu, Jinhai Yu, State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research, Nanjing University (NJU), Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans (ISTO), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Earth Sciences [Tapei] (IES Sinica), Academia Sinica, National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 40634022, 40972132), the State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research of Nanjing University (No. 2008-I-01), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDU.STU.TE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Tectonics, Felsic, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Gabbro, Proterozoic, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Geochemistry, Geology, rhyolite, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Neoproterozoic rifting, 01 natural sciences, Supercontinent, Cathaysia block, SHRIMP U-Pb zircon dating, Geochemistry and Petrology, Rodinia, Geochemistry and Hf isotope, Mafic, mafic igneous rocks, South China, Metamorphic facies, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Zircon
Abstract: International audience; The Cathaysia block is an important element for the reconstruction of the Proterozoic tectonic evolution of South China within the Rodinia supercontinent. The Pre-Devonian Cathaysia comprises two litho-tectonic units: a low-grade metamorphic unit and a basement unit; the former was a late Neoproterozoic-Ordovician sandy and muddy sedimentary sequence, the latter consists essentially of metamorphosed Neoproterozoic marine facies sedimentary and basaltic rocks, and a subordinate amount of Paleoproterozoic granites and amphibolites. This block has undergone several tectono-magmatic events. The first event occurred in the late Paleoproterozoic, at ca. 1.9-1.8 Ga, and the tectonic-magmatic event dated at 0.45-0.40 Ga was resulted from the early Paleozoic orogeny that made the Pre-Devonian rocks to undergo a regional lower greenschist to amphibolite facies metamorphism. The Neoproterozoic geodynamic event is poorly understood. In this paper, new U-Pb zircon age, whole-rock chemical and zircon Hf isotopic data for mafic and felsic igneous rocks are used to constrain the tectonic evolution of Cathaysia. Zircon SHRIMP U-Pb analyses on four mafic samples yielded rather similar Neoprotorozoic ages of 836 ± 7 Ma (gabbro), 841 ± 12 Ma (gabbro), 847 ± 8 Ma (gabbro) and 857 ± 7 Ma (basalt). Combined with the published isotopic age data, most of the mafic samples dated at 800-860Ma show geochemical characteristics of continental rift basalt. By contrast, rhyolitic samples with an age of 970 Ma have a volcanic arc affinity. All mafic samples have LREE-enriched REE patterns, and non-ophiolitic trace element characteristics. However, the zircon Hf isotopic data of mafic samples show positive epsilon var epsilonHf(t) values (+4.1 to +10.5), suggesting that they were originated from a long-term depleted mantle source. All the available ages indicate that the Cathaysia block has registered two stages of Neoproterozoic magmatism. The younger stage corresponds to a continental rifting phase with emplacement of mafic rocks during the period of 860-800 Ma, whereas the older stage represents an eruption of volcanic arc rocks at about 970 Ma. These two magmatic stages correspond to two distinct tectonic settings within the framework of the geodynamic evolution of Cathaysia. Such a similar Neoproterozoic stratigraphy and magmatism between the Cathaysia, Yangtze and Australian blocks provide a significant line of evidence for placing the Cathaysia block within the Rodinia supercontinent.
Published: 2011

44. The largest instrumentally recorded earthquake in Taiwan: revised location and magnitude, and tectonic significance of the 1920 event

Author: Theunissen, T., Font, Y., Lallemand, S., Liang, W.T., Géosciences Montpellier, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géoazur (GEOAZUR 6526), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LIA (Associated International Laboratory), LIA, Institute of Earth Sciences [Tapei] (IES Sinica), Academia Sinica, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), and Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: convergent [margins], seismotectonics [Dynamics], [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Subduction zone processes, Continental, Seismicity and tectonics
Abstract: International audience; The Ryukyu subduction is known to generate very few earthquakes in its central segment contrarily to its two extremities. We focus in this study on the southernmost part of the Ryukyu subduction zone offshore east Taiwan. Our first task was to build a homogeneous earthquake catalogue for the period 1900–2007. The new catalogue provides homogenized M′W magnitudes and shows that several M′W≥ 7.0 earthquakes occurred offshore Hualien and Suao cities. We then focused on the 1920 June 5 earthquake (reported surface wave magnitude 8.1) previously located beneath the accretionary prism. The revised moment magnitude has been estimated in our catalogue at 7.7 ± 0.2. It is the biggest earthquake ever recorded in the Taiwan area but the fault that has produced this earthquake has not yet been identified with confidence. We relocated this event using regional phases (seismological bulletins archived at the Central Weather Bureau of Taiwan) about 50 km NNE and shallower of its former location, that is, within the Ryukyu Arc basement. According to earthquake bulletin information, revised magnitude, new hypocentral determination and known regional faults, we propose four potential active faults as candidates for the slip associated to this event: (1) the interplate seismogenic zone (ISZ), (2) an out-of-sequence thrust cutting through the forearc and branching on the ISZ, (3) a NS strike-slip fault cutting through the Ryukyu arc and (4) a N–S, westward dipping thrust fault, affecting the Philippine Sea Plate east of the Luzon Arc. The best compromise is to consider a rupture along the ISZ with a shallow nucleation possibly along a splay-fault followed by a downward and lateral propagation of the rupture that would explain the lack of significant seafloor motion and subsequent tsunami. We also estimate the maximum seismic coupling of the ISZ in the region east of Taiwan to about 0.4. In parallel, the evidences of aseismic slip occurring along the ISZ allow us to conclude that this region should only be affected by M < 8 earthquakes.
Published: 2010

45. Controls on Gold Solubility in Arc Magmas: An Experimental Study at 1000°C and 4 kbar

Author: Michel Pichavant, John Mavrogenes, Sébastien Jégo, Institute of Earth Sciences [Tapei] (IES Sinica), Academia Sinica, Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans (ISTO), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Research School of Earth Sciences [Canberra] (RSES), Australian National University (ANU), GDR TRANSMET, and Université de Tours-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, intermediate arc magmas, Philippines, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Analytical chemistry, Geochemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Geochemistry and Petrology, Mineral redox buffer, [SDU.STU.VO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Volcanology, Solubility, Dissolution, Chemical composition, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, adakites, fO2, Volcanogenic massive sulfide ore deposit, Gold solubility, Copper, chemistry, 13. Climate action, sulfur, Adakite, Protolith, Geology, HP-HT experiments
Abstract: International audience; In order to (1), explain the worldwide association between epithermal gold-copper-molybdenum deposits and arc magmas and (2), test the hypothesis that adakitic magmas would be Au-specialized, we have determined the solubility of Au at 4 kbar and 1000°C for three intermediate magmas (two adakites and one calc-alkaline composition) from the Philippines. The experiments were performed over a fO2 range corresponding to reducing (not, vert, similarNNO-1), moderately oxidizing (not, vert, similarNNO+1.5) and strongly oxidizing (not, vert, similarNNO+3) conditions as measured by solid Ni-Pd-O sensors. They were carried out in gold containers, the latter serving also as the source of gold, in presence of variable amounts of H2O and, in a few additional experiments, of S. Concentrations of Au in glasses were determined by LA-ICPMS. Gold solubility in melt is very low (30-240 ppb) but increases with fO2 in a way consistent with the dissolution of gold as both Au1+ and Au3+ species. In the S-bearing experiments performed at not, vert, similarNNO-1, gold solubility reaches much higher values, from not, vert, similar1200 to 4300 ppb, and seems to correlate with melt S content. No systematic difference in gold solubility is observed between the adakitic and non-adakitic compositions investigated. Oxygen fugacity and the sulfur concentration in melt are the main parameters controlling the incorporation and concentration of gold in magmas. Certain adakitic and non-adakitic magmas have high fO2 and magmatic S concentrations favorable to the incorporation and transport of gold. Therefore, the cause of a particular association between some arc magmas and Au-Cu-Mo deposits needs to be searched in the origin of those specialized magmas by involvement of Au- and S-rich protoliths. The subducted slab, which contains metal-rich massive sulfides, may constitute a potentially favorable protolith for the genesis of magmas specialized with respect to gold.
Published: 2010

46. Experimental determination of the solubility of gold (Au) in intermediate arc magmas

Author: Jégo, Sébastien, Pichavant, Michel, Mavrogenes, J.A., Institute of Earth Sciences [Tapei] (IES Sinica), Academia Sinica, Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans (ISTO), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Research School of Earth Sciences [Canberra] (RSES), Australian National University (ANU), and Université de Tours-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDU.STU.VO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Volcanology
Abstract: Goldschmidt Abstracts 2009 – J; International audience; Cu-Au-Mo deposits represent major metal resources known to be spatially and temporally associated with intrusive arc magmatism, and in particular with adakites. Although the bulk of the ore metals seem to originate from the magmas, there is as yet no consensus on processes responsible for their concentration. The fact that primary ore minerals are predominantly sulfides has led to the suggestion that sulfur may play an important role in metal enrichment processes at the magmatic stage. Here, we conducted highpressure/ temperature experiments (0.4 GPa, 1000°C) on 3 natural dacitic magmas from the Philippines (two adakites and one typical calc-alkaline composition) over a wide range of fO2 (~NNO-1 to ~NNO+3), as measured by solid sensors. The experiments were carried out in pure Au capsules, the latter also serving as the source of gold, in the presence of variable amounts of H2O. Both S-free and S-bearing (~1 wt% S added) experiments were performed. Charges consist of dominant silicate melt quenched to glass plus minor silicate phases (mostly Cpx). All S-bearing charges are saturated with either sulfides or sulfates, depending on the fO2. Our data show that Au solubility in S-free charges is very low (30-240 ppb) but increases with fO2. In S-bearing charges Au contents reach much higher values, ranging from ~500 to 5200 ppb depending on the fO2, the most reduced charges being the gold-richest. Also, the behaviour of Au w.r.t. sulfur appears to be radically different according to the fO2. No significant difference of Au solubility is observed between adakitic and non-adakitic melts in both S-free and S-bearing charges. A major consequence of this study is that sulfide crystallization does not scavenge all Au present in the magma, but allows gold-enriched residual magmas to be emplaced in the upper crust. Additional experimental runs are currently being performed at higher pressures (> 1 GPa), that should lead to important supplementary data and results.
Published: 2009

47. DRY GRANULAR FLOWS WITH EROSION/DEPOSITION PROCESS

Author: Yih-Chin Tai, Mario Ricchiuto, Chih-Yu Kuo, Boniface Nkonga, Benjamin Braconnier, Institute of Earth Sciences [Tapei] (IES Sinica), Academia Sinica, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), Parallel tools for Numerical Algorithms and Resolution of essentially Hyperbolic problems (BACCHUS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Inria Bordeaux - Sud-Ouest, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Institut de Mathématiques de Bordeaux (IMB), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux (Bordeaux INP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Chi Nan University (NCNU), Chi Nan University, Glaizer Group Innovation Agency, Glaizer group, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), Inria Bordeaux - Sud-Ouest, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux (Bordeaux INP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Work (thermodynamics), Collapse (topology), Mechanics, 01 natural sciences, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Entropy inequality, 0103 physical sciences, Erosion, Deposition (phase transition), 010306 general physics, Layer (electronics), Deposition process, Geology, Simulation, [MATH.MATH-NA]Mathematics [math]/Numerical Analysis [math.NA]
Abstract: International audience; In this work we use the erodible model proposed by Tai and Kuo to investigate complex granular ows in which deposition and erosion are signicant. The initial motivation comes from experiments of granular collapse which exhibit both phenomena. A numerical model with a ux balanced scheme is developed, and the eigenstructure of its quasilinear form as well as the entropy inequality are assessed. Numerical application is performed for granular column collapse is simulated by the new well-balanced scheme. For the latter, numerical results demonstrate an upward evolution of the interface between the owing layer and stagnant base. Comparison between the numerical and the experimental data not only illustrates the advantages of this model of erosion/deposition mechanisms but also reveals the future directions for further study.
Published: 2009

48. High-pressure metamorphism in Taiwan: from oceanic subduction to arc-continent collision?

Author: Beyssac, O., Negro, F., SIMOES, Martine, Simões, Marco, Chan, Y., Chen, Y., Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de géologie de l'ENS (LGENS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Université de Neuchâtel (UNINE), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Departamento de Engenharia Informática / Department of Informatics Engineering (DEI), University of Coimbra [Portugal] (UC)-Universidade de Coimbra [Coimbra], Institute of Earth Sciences [Tapei] (IES Sinica), and Academia Sinica
Subjects: [SDU.STU.TE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Tectonics, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Subduction, Metamorphic rock, Geochemistry, Metamorphism, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Geology, Geophysics, 15. Life on land, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Collision, 01 natural sciences, Mountain formation, Passive margin, Accretion (geology), Cenozoic, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; The Taiwan orogen has been the focus of a number of models of mountain building processes, but little attention has been paid to high-pressure (HP) metamorphic rocks that are found as exotic blocks intermingled within the deepest units of the mountain belt. In this study, we re-appraise from updated petrological and thermodynamic databases the physical conditions of HP metamorphism in Taiwan, and we combine our findings with available geochronological data to estimate the thermal history of these rocks. Our results indicate that peak metamorphic conditions of 550 C and 10–12 kbar have been followed by a rapid isothermal decompression, with exhumation possibly as rapid as burial. These units have subsequently been stored at a pressure of 3 kbar for 4–5 Myr, before their final exhumation, probably facilitated by the accretion of passive margin sequences during the Late Cenozoic collision. Therefore, HP units in Taiwan maintain a record of processes at depth from the early stages of oceanic subduction to the present arc-continent collision.
Published: 2008

49. Interactions between tectonics and surface processes in Taiwan : insights from sandbox experiments

Author: Lu, C.Y., Malavieille, Jacques, Chang, Kuo Jeng, Chan, Y., Konstantinovskaya, E., NTU Department of Geosciences, National Taiwan University [Taiwan] (NTU), Géosciences Montpellier, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Earth Sciences [Tapei] (IES Sinica), Academia Sinica, and Aigle, Gm
Subjects: [SDU.STU.TE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Tectonics, [SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDU.STU.TE] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Tectonics, GeoMod
Published: 2008

50. Kinematic analysis of the Pakuashan fault tip fold, west central Taiwan: Shortening rate and age of folding inception

Author: Manoj K. Jaiswal, Chien Ying Wang, Yu-Chang Chan, Martine Simoes, Ashok K. Singhvi, Jean Philippe Avouac, Yue-Gau Chen, Sylvain Bernard, Laboratoire de géologie de l'ENS (LGENS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Géosciences Rennes (GR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre Armoricain de Recherches en Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Geosciences, National Taiwan University, Department of Geosciences, Planetary and Geosciences Division [Ahmedabad], Physical Research Laboratory [Ahmedabad] (PRL), Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)-Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), Department of Earth Sciences and Institute of Geophysics, National Central University [Taiwan] (NCU), Institute of Earth Sciences [Tapei] (IES Sinica), Academia Sinica, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre Armoricain de Recherches en Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Tectonics Observatory, and California Institute of Technology (CALTECH)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Soil Science, Kinematics, Active fault, Aquatic Science, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Geochemistry and Petrology, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Thrust fault, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Water Science and Technology, [SDU.STU.TE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Tectonics, Ecology, Anticline, Paleontology, Forestry, Fold (geology), Pure shear, Tectonics, Geophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Far East, Seismology, Geology
Abstract: International audience; The Pakuashan anticline is an active fault-tip fold that constitutes the frontalmost zone of deformation along the western piedmont of the Taiwan Range. Assessing seismic hazards associated with this fold and its contribution to crustal shortening across central Taiwan requires some understanding of the fold structure and growth rate. To address this, we surveyed the geometry of several deformed strata and geomorphic surfaces, which recorded different cumulative amounts of shortening. These units were dated to ages 2 ranging from ~ 19 ka to ~ 340 ka using Optical Stimulated Luminescence (OSL). We collected shallow seismic profiles and used previously published seismic profiles to constrain the deep structure of the fold. These data show that the anticline has formed as a result of pure shear with subsequent limb rotation. The cumulative shortening along the direction of tectonic transport (N118E) is estimated to be 1010 +/- 160 m. An analytical fold model derived from a sandbox experiment [Bernard, et al., in press] is used to model growth strata. This yields a shortening rate of 16.3 +/- 4.1 mm/yr and constrains the time of initiation of deformation to 62.2 +/- 9.6 ka. In addition, the kinematic model of Pakuashan is used to assess how tectonics, sedimentation and erosion have sculpted the present-day fold topography and morphology. The fold model, applied here for the first time on a natural example, appears promising in determining the kinematics of fault-tip folds in similar contexts and therefore in assessing seismic hazards on blind thrust faults.
Published: 2007

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