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8 results on '"Institute of Agricultural Economics (IAE)"'

1. Wie nehmen Akteure die Nachhaltigkeit und Resilienz der landwirtschaftlichen Systeme in der EU wahr?

Author

Reidsma, Pytrik, Meuwissen, Miranda, Accatino, Francesco, Appel, Franziska, Bardaji, Isabel, Coopmans, Isabeau, Gavrilescu, Camelia, Heinrich, Florian, Krupin, Vitaliy, Manevska‐Tasevska, Gordana, Peneva, Mariya, Rommel, Jens, Severini, Simone, Soriano, Bárbara, Urquhart, Julie, Zawalińska, Katarzyna, Paas, Wim, Plant Production Systems, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Business Economics, Sciences pour l'Action et le Développement : Activités, Produits, Territoires (SADAPT), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Development in Transition Economies (IAMO), Research Centre for the Management of Agricultural and Environmental Risks (CEIGRAM), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Agricultural and Farm Development, Institute for Agricultural, Food and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Division of Bioeconomics, Institute of Agricultural Economics (IAE), Institute of Rural and Agricultural Development, Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Agrifood Economic Center, Department of Economics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU)-Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Department of Natural Resources Economics, University of National and World Economy [Sofia] (UNWE), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Department of Agriculture, Forest and Food Sciences, Università degli studi di Torino (UNITO), Countryside and Community Research Institute [Cheltenham] (CCRI), University of Gloucestershire [Gloucester], and Plant Production Systems and Business Economics

Subjects
[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, stresses, maintenance of natural resources, Technological innovation, economic viability, stakeholders
Abstract

International audience; An increasing variety of stresses and shocks provides challenges and opportunities for EU farming systems. This article presents findings of a participatory assessment on the sustainability and resilience of eleven EU farming systems, to inform the design of adequate and relevant strategies and policies. According to stakeholders that participated in workshops, the main functions of farming systems are related to food production, economic viability and maintenance of natural resources. Performance of farming systems assessed with regard to these and five other functions was perceived to be moderate. Past strategies were often geared towards making the system more profitable, and to a lesser extent towards coupling production with local and natural resources, social self-organisation, enhancing functional diversity, and facilitating infrastructure for innovation. Overall, the resilience of the studied farming systems was perceived as low to moderate, with robustness and adaptability often dominant over transformability. To allow for transformability, being reasonably profitable and having access to infrastructure for innovation were viewed as essential. To improve sustainability and resilience of EU farming systems, responses to short-term processes should better consider long-term processes. Technological innovation is required, but it should be accompanied with structural, social, agro-ecological and institutional changes.

Published
2020
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2. Policy directions to support generational renewal in European farming systems

Author

Camelia Gavrilescu, Bárbara Soriano, Piotr Gradziuk, Isabeau Coopmans, Francesco Accatino, Julie Urquhart, Joost Dessein, Gordana Manevska-Tasevska, Federico Antonioli, Mariya Peneva, Miranda P.M. Meuwissen, Erwin Wauters, Research Institute for Agricultural, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Sciences pour l'Action et le Développement : Activités, Produits, Territoires (SADAPT), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Department of Agriculture and Forestry Science [Viterbo] (DAFNE), Università degli studi della Tuscia [Viterbo], Astronomical Institute of Romanian Academy, Romanian Academy, Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Institute of Agricultural Economics (IAE), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Countryside and Community Research Institute [Cheltenham] (CCRI), University of Gloucestershire [Gloucester], and Wiley

Subjects
Successor cardinal, Attractiveness, S1, AGRICULTURE, Process (engineering), SUCCESSION, Geography, Planning and Development, S560_Farm, Bedrijfseconomie, [SDV.SA.AGRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Identity (social science), WASS, 02 engineering and technology, Phase (combat), Coaching, Business Economics, 0502 economics and business, Life Science, Early career, CRISIS, agriculture, 2. Zero hunger, Science & Technology, Public economics, business.industry, 05 social sciences, 021107 urban & regional planning, succession, crisis, Agricultural Economics & Policy, Agriculture, 050202 agricultural economics & policy, business, Life Sciences & Biomedicine
Abstract

International audience; Sufficient generational renewal is an important contributor to resilient farming systems but across the EU there is widespread concern over the so-called 'young farmer problem'. This article recommends several policy areas to support generational renewal. The first need is to clearly define the exact generational renewal challenge, since available data provide no clear-cut evidence of an existing young farmer problem that is uniform across the EU. Second, while current policies seem effective in supporting the farm transfer process and providing aid during the early career phase of farmers, they lack targeting of the stage preceding farm take-over, during which possible entrants develop a successor identity. Increasing the attractiveness of farming as both an occupational and a lifestyle choice appears to be important in stimulating entry into farming. Third, policymakers should give high priority to facilitating access to land and labour, and to accommodating the capital-intensive nature of farming. Fourth, a mix of policies at different levels and domains that coherently contribute to the achievement of predefined goals regarding generational renewal is needed. Fifth, support for farm-specific advice and personal coaching holds underexploited potential for addressing the specificity of on-farm challenges regarding generational renewal.

Published
2020
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3. Agricultural landscapes, ecosystem services and regional competitiveness-Assessing drivers and mechanisms in nine European case study areas

Author

Anastasio J. Villanueva, Davide Viaggi, Annette Piorr, Peter H. Verburg, Stefano Targetti, Dimitre Nikolov, Ingo Zasada, F. Handan Giray, Macario Rodríguez-Entrena, Tufan Bal, Jean Christophe Paoli, Fabrizio Ungaro, Boris T. van Zanten, Kati Häfner, Agata Malak-Rawlikowska, Jochen Kantelhardt, Edward Majewski, Valérie Bossi Fedrigotti, Lena Schaller, Manuel Arriaza, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague (CZU), Department of Agricultural Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna (UNIBO), University of Córdoba, Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung = Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Instituto Andaluz de Investigación y Formación Agraria y Pesquera (IFAPA), Independent Researcher, Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Süleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Economic Sciences, Platz der Göttinger Sieben 3, Institute of Agricultural Economics (IAE), Laboratoire de Recherches sur le Développement de l'Elevage (LRDE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Vrije universiteit = Free university of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences [Amsterdam] (FALW), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), EU [289578], VU University Amsterdam, Environmental Geography, Lena Schaller, Stefano Targetti, Anastasio J. Villanueva, Ingo Zasada, Jochen Kantelhardt, Manuel Arriaza, Tufan Bal, Valérie Bossi Fedrigotti, F. Handan Giray, Kati Häfner, Edward Majewski, Agata Malak-Rawlikowska, Dimitre Nikolov, Jean-Christophe Paoli, Annette Piorr, Macario Rodríguez-Entrena, Fabrizio Ungaro, Peter H. Verburg, Boris van Zanten, Davide Viaggi, and Schaller, Lena

Subjects
Analytic Network Process, SDG 16 - Peace, Analytic network process, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Geography, Planning and Development, Participatory approach, 0211 other engineering and technologies, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, 01 natural sciences, Ecosystem services, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Landscape valorisation, Stakeholders, Agricultural land, Rural competitiveness, Common Agricultural Policy, Analytic Network Process Rural competitiveness Stakeholders Participatory approach Landscape valorisation Common Agricultural Policy, Agricultural productivity, SDG 2 - Zero Hunger, Environmental planning, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Nature and Landscape Conservation, 2. Zero hunger, Land use, business.industry, SDG 16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions, Stakeholder, 021107 urban & regional planning, Forestry, 15. Life on land, Justice and Strong Institutions, Agriculture, business
Abstract

International audience; Agricultural landscapes affect regional development and competitiveness in a way far beyond the production of agricultural commodities. However, comprehensive assessments of the relevant cause-effects between agricultural landscape and regional competitiveness are complex and they require a range of ecological, economic and social aspects to be considered. This study proposes an stakeholder-based 'Analytic Network Process' applied in nine European case-study areas in order to assess the role of economic actors, ecosystem services, socioeconomic benefits and regional competitiveness in the agricultural landscape system. The results reveal that agricultural food production is still perceived as a major element for creating value from landscapes. However in some case studies, the importance of non-marketable, socio-cultural and environmental public good-type ecosystem services outweighs the importance of agricultural production. Region-specific variations of cause-effect relationships are discussed and a range of drivers, related to biophysical conditions, land-use patterns, agricultural management and remoteness are identified. Our study reveals the perception of non-monetary services and their impact on regional competitiveness and provides considerations on entry points for rural policies promoting landscape valorisation.

Published
2018
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4. Governance Structures in the EU Milk Supply Chain

Author

Nico Polman, Dimitre Nikolov, Pierre Dupraz, Noortje Krol, Jack Peerlings, LEI, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), Structures et Marché Agricoles, Ressources et Territoires (SMART-LERECO), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Institute of Agricultural Economics (IAE), Zacharoula Andreopoulou, Basil Manos, Nico Polman, and Davide Viaggi

Subjects
media_common.quotation_subject, Control (management), WASS, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, LEI Regionale Economie en Ruimtegebruik, Information asymmetry, LEI Regional economy & land use, 0502 economics and business, Agricultural Economics and Rural Policy, Life Science, Quality (business), 050207 economics, Industrial organization, media_common, 2. Zero hunger, Transaction cost, Corporate governance, 05 social sciences, Agrarische Economie en Plattelandsbeleid, Chain (unit), Incentive, Commerce, Exchange of information, Business, LEI Regionale Economie & Ruimtegebruik, 050203 business & management
Abstract

International audience; Governance of the EU’s dairy sector changes will change as a result of the 2008 CAP reform. This chapter focuses on governance structures between dairy farms and milk processors and the role of the exchange of information. Information costs are an important category of transaction costs. To get insight in regional differences within the EU, literature research and interviews are conducted in three case study areas, namely: the Netherlands, Bulgaria, and France. Results show that in these countries both farmers and processors have incentives to form hybrid governance structures with a higher level of control compared to the current structures. Asymmetric information and the exchange of information play an important role in this contractual relation. Most dairy cooperatives have no additional advantage in managing milk quality and milk supply compared to investor owned firms. Chain integration could go a step further in Bulgaria compared to the Netherlands and France given the institutional environment that is not expected to guarantee milk quality and the focus on the export of milk.

Published
2011
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5. Survey description

Author

Raggi, Meri, Sardonini, Laura, Bartolini, Fabio, Viaggi, Davide, Polman, Nico, Roberts, Deborah, Manos, Basil, Majewski, Edward, Piotr, S, Berbel, Julio, Nikolov, Dimitre, Latruffe, Laure, Desjeux, Yann, Piorr, Annette, Giannoccaro, Giacomo, Bournaris, Thomas, Lange, Andreas, University of Bologna/Università di Bologna, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), University of Aberdeen, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Warsaw Agricultural University, Universidad de Córdoba = University of Córdoba [Córdoba], Universidad Nacional de Córdoba [Argentina], Structures et Marché Agricoles, Ressources et Territoires (SMART-LERECO), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung = Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System, auto-saisine, Partenaires : Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), European Commission - Joint Research Centre (Seville) (JRC), Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, School of Agriculture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS), University of Aberdeen, Universidad de Córdoba (Cordoba), Institute of Agricultural Economics (IAE), Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung = Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, Leibniz Association (ZALF), European Project: 216672, University of Bologna, Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] (WUR), Universidad de Córdoba [Cordoba], Structures et Marché Agricoles, Ressources et Territoires (SMART), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)

Subjects
espace rural, questionnaire, holdings, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], union européenne, enquête, survey description, common agricultural policy, survey, exploitation agricole, prospective, exploitation familiale
Abstract

Deliverable n.D2.13‐23 du projet CAP-IRE Assessing the multiple impacts of the Common Agricultural Policies (CAP) on Rural Economics (Fp7 SSH- 216672); Survey description

Published
2010

6. Impact analysis of the CAP reform on main agricultural commodities. Report I AGMEMOD – Summary report

Author

Bartova, Lubica, M'Barek, Robert, Van Meijl, Hans, Van Leeuwen, Myrna, Tabeau, Andrzej, Salamon, Petra, von Ledebur, Oliver, Chantreuil, Frederic, Levert, Fabrice, Donnellan, Trevor, Hanrahan, Kevin, Jasjko, Danute, Salputra, Guna, Fadejeva, Ludmilla, Erjavec, Emil, Kavcic, Stane, Regoršek, Darja, Kniepert, Martin, Frahan, Bruno Henry de, Harmignie, Olivier, Ivanova, Nedka, Peneva, Mariya, Foltyn, Ivan, Kubát, Jan, Dejgaard Jensen, Jorgen, Sepp, Mati, Niemi, Jyrki, Kettunen, Lauri, Mantzouneas, Elias, Ferenczi, Tibor, Esposti, Roberto, Lobianco, Antonello, Krisciukaitiene, Irena, Andrekiene, Salomeja, Jedik, Andrej, Meyers, Willi, Galnaityte, Aiste, Krawczyńska, Sylwia, Kowalska, Kataryna, Serbanescu, Camelia, Kevorchian, Cristian, Ciain, Pavel, Pokrivcak, Jan, Gracia, Azucena, Wu, Zi Ping, Kostov, Philip, Slovak University of Agriculture, European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), LEI, Agricultural Economics Research Institute, Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] (WUR), Federal Research Agency for Agriculture (FAL), Structures et Marché Agricoles, Ressources et Territoires (SMART), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Irish Agriculture and Food Development Authority, Latvian State Institute for Agrarian Economics (LSIAE), Biotechnical faculty, University of Ljubljana, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), Université Catholique de Louvain, Institute of Agricultural Economics (IAE), Research Institute of Agricultural Economics (VUZE), Institute of Food and Resource Economics [Copenhagen] (IFRO), Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Institute of Economics and Social Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Agrifood Research Finland, Department of economics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens = University of Athens (NKUA | UoA), Corvinus University of Budapest, Università Politecnica delle Marche [Ancona] (UNIVPM), Lithuanian Institute of Agrarian Economics (LIAE), Warsaw School of Economics, IEARO, Institute of Agricultural Economics, Romanian Academy of Sciences, Centro de Investigacion y Technologia Agroalimentaria de Aragon (CITA), Queen's University [Belfast] (QUB), European Commission, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Structures et Marché Agricoles, Ressources et Territoires (SMART-LERECO), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Estonian University of Life Sciences (EMU), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), and Commanditaire : European Commission (Belgium)

Subjects
[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], market, ENLARGEMENT, ECONOMETRIC MODEL, POLITIQUE AGRICOLE COMMUNE, europe, marché, économétrie, EU AGRICULTURAL COMMODITY MARKETS, agriculture
Abstract

This summary report is based on the outcome of a study carried out by the AGMEMOD Partnership under the management of the Agricultural Economics Research Institute (LEI, in the Netherlands), in cooperation with the Joint Research Centre – Institute for Prospective Technological Studies (JRC-IPTS) to generate projections for the main agricultural commodity markets for each year from 2005 until 2015. The report gives a general overview of the modelling approach, the description and implementation of the baseline, further CAP reform and exchange rate change scenarios. It outlines the main results for the aggregates EU-10, EU-15, EU-25 and EU-27, focusing in particular on the features implemented in this study, and addresses issues that need further attention. Detailed documentation on the AGMEMOD modelling approach, along with the outcome of the study, is published in five reports in the JRC-IPTS technical paper series under the heading "Impact analysis of Common Agricultural Policy reform on the main agricultural commodities".

Published
2008

7. Impact analysis of the CAP reform on main agricultural commodities. Report III AGMEMOD – Model Description

Author

Bartova, Lubica, M'Barek, Robert, Van Meijl, Hans, Van Leeuwen, Myrna, Tabeau, Andrzej, Salamon, Petra, von Ledebur, Oliver, Chantreuil, Frederic, Levert, Fabrice, Donnellan, Trevor, Hanrahan, Kevin, Jasjko, Danute, Salputra, Guna, Fadejeva, Ludmilla, Erjavec, Emil, Kavcic, Stane, Regoršek, Darja, Kniepert, Martin, Frahan, Bruno Henry de, Harmignie, Olivier, Ivanova, Nedka, Peneva, Mariya, Foltyn, Ivan, Kubát, Jan, Dejgaard Jensen, Jorgen, Sepp, Mati, Niemi, Jyrki, Kettunen, Lauri, Mantzouneas, Elias, Ferenczi, Tibor, Esposti, Roberto, Lobianco, Antonello, Krisciukaitiene, Irena, Andrekiene, Salomeja, Jedik, Andrej, Meyers, Willi, Galnaityte, Aiste, Krawczyńska, Sylwia, Kowalska, Kataryna, Serbanescu, Camelia, Kevorchian, Cristian, Ciain, Pavel, Pokrivcak, Jan, Gracia, Azucena, Wu, Zi Ping, Kostov, Philip, Slovak University of Agriculture, European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), LEI, Agricultural Economics Research Institute, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Federal Research Agency for Agriculture (FAL), Structures et Marché Agricoles, Ressources et Territoires (SMART-LERECO), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Irish Agriculture and Food Development Authority, Latvian State Institute for Agrarian Economics (LSIAE), Biotechnical faculty, University of Ljubljana, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Institute of Agricultural Economics (IEA), Institute of Agricultural Economics (IAE), Research Institute of Agricultural Economics (VUZE), Institute of Food and Resource Economics [Copenhagen] (IFRO), Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Institute of Economics and Social Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences (EMU), Agrifood Research Finland, Department of economics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Corvinus University of Budapest, Università Politecnica delle Marche [Ancona] (UNIVPM), Lithuanian Institute of Agrarian Economics (LIAE), Warsaw School of Economics, IEARO, Institute of Agricultural Economics, Romanian Academy of Sciences, Centro de Investigacion y Technologia Agroalimentaria de Aragon (CITA), Queen's University [Belfast] (QUB), European Commission, Commanditaire : European Commission (Belgium), Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] (WUR), Structures et Marché Agricoles, Ressources et Territoires (SMART), Université Catholique de Louvain, Estonian University of Life Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens = University of Athens (NKUA | UoA), and AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)

Subjects
[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], market, ENLARGEMENT, ECONOMETRIC MODEL, POLITIQUE AGRICOLE COMMUNE, europe, marché, économétrie, EU AGRICULTURAL COMMODITY MARKETS, agriculture
Abstract

This report is based on the outcome of a study carried out by the AGMEMOD Partnership under the management of the Agricultural Economics Research Institute (LEI, the Netherlands), in cooperation with the Joint Research Centre – Institute for Prospective Technological Studies (JRC-IPTS) to generate yearly projections for the main agricultural commodity markets from 2005 until 2015. This report describes the modelling techniques used by the AGMEMOD Partnership, with emphasis on new commodities modelled and policy modelling approaches. Detailed documentation on the AGMEMOD modelling approach, along with the outcome of the study, is published in five reports in the JRC-IPTS Scientific and Technical Report Series under the heading "Impact analysis of Common Agricultural Policy reform on the main agricultural commodities"

Published
2008

8. Segmented agricultural supply of micro farms : consequence for growth policy of this sector

Author

Labonne, M., ProdInra, Migration, Unité d'économie et sociologie rurales de Montpellier, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Institute of Agricultural Economics (IAE)

Subjects
[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], EUROPE DE L'EST
Abstract

International audience; La multiplication des micro-exploitations dans les PECO (pays d'Europe centrale et orientale) et l'inadéquation des formes anciennes des activités d'amont et d'aval ont engagé une partie non négligeable de l'agriculture dans des activités destinées à satisfaire en priorité l'autosubsistance et l'échange de proximité. Accroître la production et intensifier font prendre un risque économique important, que peu désirent prendre dans une stratégie de survie ou de complément d'activité, plus que de spécialisation et de performance.

Published
1995

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