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1. Late-glacial and Holocene European pollen data

Author: Basil A. S. Davis, Steffen Wolters, Graciela Gil-Romera, Richard H. W. Bradshaw, Walter Finsinger, Ralph Fyfe, Heather Binney, Michelle Leydet, Petr Kuneš, Jacques-Louis de Beaulieu, Thomas Giesecke, Norbert Kühl, Simon Brewer, University of Utah, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Université de Genève ( UNIGE ), Centre de Bio-Archéologie et d'Ecologie ( CBAE ), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques ( UM2 ) -École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), University of Southampton [Southampton], Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale ( IMBE ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse ( UAPV ), School of Geography, University of Plymouth-University of Plymouth, Instituto Pirenaico de Ecologia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] ( CSIC ), Steinmann-Institut für Geologie, Mineralogie und Paläontologie, Bonn Universität [Bonn], Charles University [Prague], School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, University of Liverpool, Department of Geography, University of Liverpool-University of Liverpool, ÉcolePolytechniqueFédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier ( ISEM ), Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut Méditerranéen d'Ecologie et de Paléoécologie ( IMEP ), Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse ( UAPV ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse ( UAPV ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Southampton, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Plymouth University-Plymouth University, Instituto Pirenaico de Ecologìa = Pyrenean Institute of Ecology [Zaragoza] (IPE - CSIC), Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Charles University [Prague] (CU), Georg-August-University [Göttingen], Université de Genève (UNIGE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Instituto Pirenaico de Ecologia (IPE), and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [ SDV.BV.BOT ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, Geography, Planning and Development, medicine.disease_cause, 01 natural sciences, [ SDV.SA.SF ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Silviculture, forestry, Abundance (ecology), vegetation, lcsh:G3180-9980, Pollen, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), medicine, [ SDU.ENVI ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Glacial period, Environmental history, [ SDV.BIBS ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM], Holocene, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, lcsh:Maps, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Vegetation, 15. Life on land, Europe, [ SDE.MCG ] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Taxon, Geography, Climatology, European Pollen Database, late-glacial, Physical geography, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [ SDE.ES ] Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society
Abstract: International audience; The European Pollen Database (EPD) is a community effort to archive and make available pollen sequences from across the European continent. Pollen sequences provide records that may be used to infer past vegetation and vegetation change. We present here maps based on 828 sites from the EPD giving an overview of changes in postglacial pollen assemblages in Europe over the past 15,000 years. The maps show the distribution and abundance of 54 different pollen taxa at 500 year intervals, supported by new age-depth models and associated chronological uncertainty analysis. Results show the individualistic patterns of spread of different pollen taxa, and provide a standardized dataset for further analysis, defining a spatial context for the study of past plant and vegetation changes and other aspects of environmental history in Europe.
Published: 2017

2. Marginal leaf galls on Pliocene leaves from India indicate mutualistic behavior between Ipomoea plants and Eriophyidae mites

Author: Taposhi Hazra, Benjamin Adroit, Thomas Denk, Torsten Wappler, Subhankar Kumar Sarkar, Subir Bera, Mahasin Ali Khan, Palaeobotany‑Palynology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Sidho-Kanho-Birsha University, Ranchi Road, Purulia 723104, India, Swedish Museum of Natural History (NRM), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hessisches Landesmuseum Darmstadt, Paleontology Section, Institute of Geosciences, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms Universität Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany, Entomology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal 741235, India, and Department of Botany, Centre of Advanced Study, University of Calcutta, 35, B.C. Road, Kolkata 700019, India
Subjects: Multidisciplinary, [SDE]Environmental Sciences
Abstract: We report a new type of fossil margin galls arranged in a linear series on dicot leaf impressions from the latest Neogene (Pliocene) sediments of the Chotanagpur Plateau, Jharkhand, eastern India. We collected ca. 1500 impression and compression leaf fossils, of which 1080 samples bear arthropod damage referable to 37 different damage types (DT) in the ‘GuidetoInsect(andOther)DamageTypesinCompressedPlantFossils’. A few leaf samples identified as Ipomoea L. (Convolvulaceae) have specific margin galls that do not match any galling DT previously described. This type of galling is characterized by small, linearly arranged, irregular, sessile, sub-globose, solitary, indehiscent, solid pouch-galls with irregular ostioles. The probable damage inducers of the present galling of the foliar margin might be members of Eriophyidae (Acari). The new type of gall suggests that marginal gall-inducing mites on leaves of Ipomoea did not change their host preference at the genus level since the Pliocene. The development of marginal leaf galling in Ipomoea is linked to extrafloral nectaries that do not offer protection against arthropod galling but indirectly protect the plant against herbivory from large mammals.
Published: 2023

3. Soil transfer impacts restored soil profiles and hydrodynamic properties

Author: Bulot, Adeline, Bourru, Elise, Ruy, Stéphane, Dutoit, Thierry, Biodiversité agroécologie et aménagement du paysage (UMR BAGAP), Ecole supérieure d'Agricultures d'Angers (ESA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Rennes Angers, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Syndicat Mixte du Bassin de Thau – 328, Quai des Moulins, 34200 S`ete, France, Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes (EMMAH), and Avignon Université (AU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: Cambisol, Reconstituted technosoil, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Haplic, Soil hydrological properties, Dry grassland, Ecological restoration
Abstract: International audience; Natural and semi-natural grasslands, particularly dry grasslands, are high-value biodiversity hotspots in Europe and major challenges for ecological conservation and restoration. Soil transfer has been used successfully to restore dry grassland ecosystems (soil and vegetation), but should only be applied as a last resort and where an undegraded ecosystem has previously independently been earmarked for destruction. Assessing overall restoration success means taking soil recovery into account as well as vegetation regeneration. In Mediterranean regions and under global warming, soil hydrodynamic properties are the most critical limiting factors for the restoration of dry ecosystems. This study analyses soil physico-chemical parameters and hydrodynamic properties in reconstructed soils after soil transfer following a petrol land spill. Six years after soil transfer and compared to the surrounding soil reference steppe, the horizons of the soil transfer treatments were significantly less colonised by plant roots and showed very few biological activities and earthworm galleries. Then, their porosity was also significantly lower. Hydrodynamic properties continue to differ significantly between the restored site and the surrounding reference steppe ecosystem. There is also less available soil water and water drains faster in all soil transfer treatments. This can be explained by significant higher finer grain size (clays, silt), chemical elements (N, P, K), and plant cover for soil transfer treatments but significant, lower levels of organic matterdue to mechanical soil compaction during soil spreading. The soil transfer treatment involving full reconstitution of the three main soil layers yields the most encouraging results. However, the question arises of whether long-term vegetation recovery might be compromised by soil hydrological dysfunction under global warming.
Published: 2023

4. Antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureusof five essential oils from Algerian medicinal plants (Lamiaceae)

Author: Isabelle Bombarda, Abdelaziz Touati, Fahima Bekka-Hadji, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU), Université Abderrahmane Mira [Béjaïa], Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale ( IMBE ), Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse ( UAPV ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), and Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Traditional medicine, 010401 analytical chemistry, General Chemistry, Origanum, Biology, biology.organism_classification, [ CHIM ] Chemical Sciences, 01 natural sciences, Fenchone, 0104 chemical sciences, 3. Good health, Microbiology, 010404 medicinal & biomolecular chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Lamiaceae, Carvacrol, Mentha pulegium, Pulegone, Thymol, Lavandula stoechas, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: The susceptibility of two methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) and one methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus Aureus (MSSA) to essential oils (EOs) extracted from five Algerian medicinal plants (Lamiaceae) was evaluated. Thymus fontanesii and Thymus numidicus EOs revealed a carvacrol chemical profile (62.7 and 46.8%, respectively) whereas Origanum glandulosum EO was characterized by high contents of carvacrol and thymol. Mentha pulegium was characterized by a high content of pulegone (74.8%) never put in evidence. The major components of Lavandula stoechas L. were fenchone (48.0%) and camphor (21.1%). Antibacterial activities against MRSA and MSSA were evaluated by disk diffusion method and microdilution broth assay. This is the first report on the antibacterial activity against MRSA for EOs from the species T. fontanesii and T. numidicus and for M. pulegium from Algeria. EOs were found to be strongly bactericidal (MIC from 0.3 μL/mL to 4.7 μL/mL) which suggests an additional option to...
Published: 2016

5. Pollen-based reconstruction of Holocene vegetation and climate in southern Italy: the case of Lago Trifoglietti

Author: Sébastien Joannin, Boris Vannière, Odile Peyron, Elisabetha Brugiapaglia, Michel Magny, Liliana Bernardo, Simon Goring, J.-L. de Beaulieu, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli Studi del Molise, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università della Calabria [Arcavacata di Rende] (Unical), Dpt of Geography, University of Wisconsin-Madison, ANR-07-BLAN-0009,LAMA,Holocene changes in environment and climate, and history of human societies in Central Mediterranean as reflected by LAke and MArine records(2007), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale ( IMBE ), Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse ( UAPV ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Università della Calabria [Arcavacata di Rende] ( Unical ), University of Wisconsin-Madison [Madison], ANR-07-BLAN-0009,LAMA,Holocene changes in environment and climate, and history of human societies in Central Mediterranean as reflected by LAke and MArine records ( 2007 ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), and Università degli Studi del Molise = University of Molise (UNIMOL)
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Stratigraphy, lcsh:Environmental protection, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Climate change, medicine.disease_cause, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, pollen, palaeoclimatic reconstruction, holocene vegetation, Altitude, lcsh:Environmental pollution, law, Pollen, medicine, lcsh:TD169-171.8, Radiocarbon dating, Holocene, lcsh:Environmental sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, lcsh:GE1-350, Global and Planetary Change, Paleontology, Vegetation, 15. Life on land, [ SDE.MCG ] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Boreal, 13. Climate action, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, Climatology, lcsh:TD172-193.5, [ SDU.STU.CL ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, Geology, Chronology
Abstract: A high-resolution pollen record from Lago Trifoglietti in Calabria (southern Italy) provides new insights into the paleoenvironmental and palaeoclimatic changes which characterise the Holocene period in the southern Italy. The chronology is based on 11 AMS radiocarbon dates from terrestrial organic material. The Holocene history of the vegetation cover shows the persistence of an important and relatively stable Fagus forest present over that entire period, offering a rare example of a beech woodstand able to withstand climate changes for more than 11 000 yr. Probably in relation with early Holocene dry climate conditions which affected southern Italy, the Trifoglietti pollen record supports a southward delay in thermophyllous forest expansion dated to ca. 13 500 cal BP at Monticchio, ca. 11 000 cal BP at Trifoglietti, and finally ca. 9800 cal BP in Sicily. Regarding the human impact history, the Trifoglietti pollen record shows only poor imprints of agricultural activities and anthopogenic indicators, apart from those indicating pastoralism activities beneath forest cover. The selective exploitation of Abies appears to have been the strongest human impact on the Trifoglietti surroundings. On the basis of (1) a specific ratio between hygrophilous and terrestrial taxa, and (2) the Modern Analogue Technique, the pollen data collected at Lago Trifoglietti led to the establishment of two palaeoclimatic records tracing changes in (1) lake depth and (2) annual precipitation. On a millennial scale, these records give evidence of increasing moisture from ca. 11 000 to ca. 9400 cal BP and maximum humidity from ca. 9400 to ca. 6200 cal BP, prior to a general trend towards the drier climate conditions that have prevailed up to the present. In addition, several successive centennial-scale oscillations appear to have punctuated the entire Holocene. The identification of a cold dry event around 11 300 cal BP, responsible for a marked decline in timberline altitude and possibly equivalent to the PBO, remains to be confirmed by further investigations verifying both chronology and magnitude. Two cold and possibly drier Boreal oscillations developed at ca. 9800 and 9200 cal BP. At Trifoglietti, the 8.2 kyr event corresponds to the onset of cooler and drier climatic conditions which persisted until ca. 7500 cal BP. Finally, the second half of the Holocene was characterised by dry phases at ca. 6100–5200, 4400–3500, and 2500–1800 cal BP, alternating with more humid phases at ca. 5200–4400 and ca. 3500–2500 cal BP. Considered as a whole, these millennial-scale trends and centennial-scale climatic oscillations support contrasting patterns of palaeohydrological changes recognised between the north- and south-central Mediterranean.
Published: 2018

6. NIR spectroscopy for the quality control of Moringa oleifera (Lam.) leaf powders: Prediction of minerals, protein and moisture contents

Author: Isabelle Bombarda, Inès Pany, Catherine Rébufa, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale ( IMBE ), Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse ( UAPV ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), and Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Quality Control, Food industry, [ CHIM ] Chemical Sciences, 01 natural sciences, Analytical Chemistry, Moringa, 0404 agricultural biotechnology, Nutrient, Partial least squares regression, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Food science, Least-Squares Analysis, Water content, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Plant Proteins, Moringa oleifera, Minerals, Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared, Moisture, Chemistry, business.industry, 010401 analytical chemistry, Near-infrared spectroscopy, Temperature, Water, Sorption, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, General Medicine, 040401 food science, 0104 chemical sciences, Plant Leaves, Powders, business, Food Science
Abstract: A rapid methodology was developed to simultaneously predict water content and activity values (aw) of Moringa oleifera leaf powders (MOLP) using near infrared (NIR) signatures and experimental sorption isotherms. NIR spectra of MOLP samples (n = 181) were recorded. A Partial Least Square Regression model (PLS2) was obtained with low standard errors of prediction (SEP of 1.8% and 0.07 for water content and aw respectively). Experimental sorption isotherms obtained at 20, 30 and 40 °C showed similar profiles. This result is particularly important to use MOLP in food industry. In fact, a temperature variation of the drying process will not affect their available water content (self-life). Nutrient contents based on protein and selected minerals (Ca, Fe, K) were also predicted from PLS1 models. Protein contents were well predicted (SEP of 2.3%). This methodology allowed for an improvement in MOLP safety, quality control and traceability.
Published: 2018

7. Regional and local environmental conditions do not shape the response to warming of a marine habitat-forming species

Author: Carolina Crisci, Joaquim Garrabou, Christian Marschal, Cristina Linares, Rafael Coma, Frederic Zuberer, Nathaniel Bensoussan, Marc Bally, Jean-Baptiste Ledoux, Marta Ribes, Paula López-Sendino, Emma Cebrian, Didier Aurelle, Kenza Mokhtar-Jamaï, Núria Teixidó, Marie La Riviere, Jean-Pierre Féral, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMS 3343 (OSU), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale ( IMBE ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse ( UAPV ), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie ( MIO ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Université de Toulon ( UTLN ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), UMS 3343 ( OSU ), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes ( OSUR ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN), and Universitat de Barcelona
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species, Population genetics, 01 natural sciences, Algues marines -- Mediterrània, Mar, Natural environment, education.field_of_study, Multidisciplinary, Geography, Ecology, Global warming, Temperature, Biodiversity, Anthozoa, Adaptation, Physiological, Fauna marina, Marine fauna, Medicine, Climate Change, Science, Population, Climate change, Medi ambient, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Species Specificity, Genetic drift, Stress, Physiological, Temperate climate, Animals, 14. Life underwater, education, Ecosystem, Local adaptation, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, ved/biology, Escalfament global, Marine algae -- Mediterrània, Mar, 15. Life on land, Biodiversitat, 030104 developmental biology, 13. Climate action, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Paramuricea clavata
Abstract: 13 páginas, 7 figuras, 1 tabla., The differential response of marine populations to climate change remains poorly understood. Here, we combine common garden thermotolerance experiments in aquaria and population genetics to disentangle the factors driving the population response to thermal stress in a temperate habitatforming species: the octocoral Paramuricea clavata. Using eight populations separated from tens of meters to hundreds of kilometers, which were differentially impacted by recent mortality events, we identify 25°C as a critical thermal threshold. After one week of exposure at this temperature, seven of the eight populations were affected by tissue necrosis and after 30 days of exposure at this temperature, the mean % of affected colonies increased gradually from 3 to 97%. We then demonstrate the weak relation between the observed differential phenotypic responses and the local temperature regimes experienced by each population. A significant correlation was observed between these responses and the extent of genetic drift impacting each population. Local adaptation may thus be hindered by genetic drift, which seems to be the main driver of the differential response. Accordingly, conservation measures should promote connectivity and control density erosion in order to limit the impact of genetic drift on marine populations facing climate change., The authors gratefully acknowledge the funding support given by the Alan Program (CC Doctoral Fellowship), by CSIC-Uruguay (Call Programa de pasantías en el exterior 2015) and by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (Fundação para a Ciència e a Tecnologia; FCT) which funded JBL Postdoctoral grant (SFRH/ BPD/74400/2010). Authors are also grateful to the MEDCHANGE project funded by the Agence Nationale pour la Recherche (ANR) and to the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitivity (http://www.mineco.gob.es) through the Biorock (CTM2009-08045), Smart (CGL2012-32194) and CSI-Coral (CGL2013-43106-R). Temperature data series data is part of the regional temperature observation network T-MEDNet (www.t-mednet.org); we thank J.M. Dominici for providing the data for the Réserve Naturelle de Scandola. The authors also thank the staff of Experimental Aquarium Facilities at the Institute of Marine Sciences E. Martinez and M. Delgado for the technical support provided. EC, JG, CL, PL and NT are part of the Marine Conservation research group MEDRECOVER www.medrecover.org (2009 SGR 1174) while RC and MR are part of the Marine Biogeochemistry and Global Change Research group (2014SGR1029) from the Generalitat de Catalunya.
Published: 2018

8. Experimental design and solid state fermentation: A holistic approach to improve cultural medium for the production of fungal secondary metabolites

Author: Quentin Carboué, Michelle Sergent, Isabelle Bombarda, Sevastianos Roussos, Jérôme Jolain, Magalie Claeys-Bruno, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences Moléculaires de Marseille ( ISM2 ), Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Ecole Centrale de Marseille ( ECM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire d'Instrumentation et Sciences Analytiques ( LISA ), Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale ( IMBE ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse ( UAPV ), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Process (engineering), Computer science, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, [ CHIM ] Chemical Sciences, Analytical Chemistry, Naphtho-gamma-pyrones, Solid-state fermentation, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, 010608 biotechnology, Screening design, Production (economics), Spectroscopy, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Process Chemistry and Technology, Design of experiments, Solid medium, Experimental design, Computer Science Applications, Fermentation, Biochemical engineering, Aspergillus niger, [STAT.ME]Statistics [stat]/Methodology [stat.ME], Software
Abstract: International audience; Solid-state fermentation (SSF) is a cultural method that holds tremendous potentials for the production of numerous microbial value-added compounds in various industries. As for every other process, experimental designs can provide tools to improve the product yields, diminish the production time and thus eventually decreasing the cost of the whole process. However, SSF, because of its solid nature, implies some constraints which consequently require specific tools to efficiently overcome them. The aim of this study was the improvement of the production of antioxidant naphtho-gamma-pyrones produced by Aspergillus niger G131 cultivated using SSF. Two experimental designs were presented, a combined design, taking into account two different types of variables to determine a proper solid medium, and a screening design with mixed-level factors to find solutes with significant positive effects on the output.
Published: 2018

9. Response of life-history traits to artificial and natural selection for virulence and nonvirulence in a Drosophila parastitoid, Asobara tabida

Author: Moiroux , Joffrey, van Baaren , Joan, POYET , Mathilde, Couty , Aude, Eslin , Patrice, Prévost , Geneviève, Seguin , Jérémy, Le Roux , Vincent, Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés - UMR CNRS 7058 (EDYSAN), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Génétique et évolution des interactions hôtes-parasites, Département génétique, interactions et évolution des génomes [LBBE] (GINSENG), Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Agence Nationale de la Recherche, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés ( EDYSAN ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Picardie Jules Verne ( UPJV ), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale ( IMBE ), Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse ( UAPV ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] ( ECOBIO ), Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), and Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -INEE-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes ( OSUR ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )
Subjects: Male, [ SDV.MP.PAR ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Virulence, [ SDV.BA.ZI ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, Climate, Reproduction, Wasps, geographic variation, host resistance, Host-Parasite Interactions, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, Drosophila melanogaster, trade-offs, [ SDV.EE.IEO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis, Animals, encapsulation, Female, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Selection, Genetic, Life History Traits, Locomotion, Selective Breeding, [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
Abstract: International audience; Co-evolution of host-parasitoid interactions is determined by the costs of host resistance, which received empirical evidence, and the costs of parasitoid virulence, which have been mostly hypothesized. Asobara tabida is a parasitoid, which mainly parasitizes Drosophila melanogaster and D. subobscura, the first species being able to resist to the parasitoid development while the second species is not. To parasitize resistant hosts, including D. melanogaster, A. tabida develops sticky eggs, which prevent encapsulation, but this virulence mechanism may be costly. Interindividual and interpopulation variation in the proportion of sticky eggs respectively allowed us to (i) artificially select and compare life-history traits of a virulent and a nonvirulent laboratory strain, and (ii) compare a virulent and a nonvirulent field strain, to investigate the hypothetical costs of virulence. We observed strong differences between the 2 laboratory strains. The nonvirulent strain invested fewer resources in reproduction and walked less than the virulent one but lived longer. Concerning the field strains, we observed that the nonvirulent strain had larger wings while the virulent one walked more and faster. All together, our results suggest that virulence may not always be costly, but rather that different life histories associated with different levels of virulence may coexist at both intra- and interpopulation levels.
Published: 2018

10. Understanding processes at the origin of species flocks with a focus on the marine Antarctic fauna

Author: Chenuil , Anne, Saucède , Thomas, Hemery , Lenaïg G., Eléaume , Marc, FERAL , Jean-Pierre, Améziane , Nadia, David , Bruno, Lecointre , Guillaume, Havermans , Charlotte, Hemery , Lenaïg, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Bremen Marine Ecology (BreMarE), University of Bremen, Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS), The IPEV programs REVOLTA (#1124) and PROTEKER (#1044), the Australian Antarctic Division (CEAMARC cruise) and the SCAR (International Polar Year [CEAMAR IPY#53], CAML, and current SCAR SRPs AntEco and AnT-ERA), the Belgian Science Policy Office (contract nr BR/132/A1/vERSO) and the German Science Foundation (DFG, project HA7627/1-1)., ANR-07-BLAN-0213,ANTFLOCKS,ANTARCTIC SHELF AS A SPECIES FLOCKS GENERATOR(2007), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Monash University [Melbourne], Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale ( IMBE ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse ( UAPV ), Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques ( BOREA ), Université de Caen Normandie ( UNICAEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ) -Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ( MNHN ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université des Antilles ( UA ), Biologie Intégrative des Populations, École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ( MNHN ), Bremen Marine Ecology ( BreMarE ), Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research ( AWI ), Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences ( RBINS ), and ANR-07-BLAN-0213,ANTFLOCKS,ANTARCTIC SHELF AS A SPECIES FLOCKS GENERATOR ( 2007 )
Subjects: [ SDV.BID ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, Aquatic Organisms, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, diversification, endemicity, extinction, Oceans and Seas, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Antarctic Regions, life-history trait, [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, phylogeny, Biological Evolution, Species Specificity, Animals, ecological niche, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, adaptive radiation, competition, Ecosystem
Abstract: 24 pages; International audience; Species flocks (SFs) fascinate evolutionary biologists who wonder whether such striking diversification can be driven by normal evolutionary processes. Multiple definitions of SFs have hindered the study of their origins. Previous studies identified a monophyletic taxon as a SF if it displays high speciosity in an area in which it is endemic (criterion 1), high ecological diversity among species (criterion 2), and if it dominates the habitat in terms of biomass (criterion 3); we used these criteria in our analyses. Our starting hypothesis is that normal evolutionary processes may provide a sufficient explanation for most SFs. We thus clearly separate each criterion and identify which biological (intrinsic) and environmental (extrinsic) traits are most favourable to their realization. The first part focuses on evolutionary processes. We highlight that some popular putative causes of SFs, such as key innovations or ecological speciation, are neither necessary nor sufficient to fulfill some or all of the three criteria. Initial differentiation mechanisms are diverse and difficult to identify a posteriori because a primary differentiation of one type (genetic, ecological or geographical) often promotes other types of differentiation. Furthermore, the criteria are not independent: positive feedbacks between speciosity and ecological diversity among species are expected whatever the initial cause of differentiation, and ecological diversity should enhance habitat dominance at the clade level. We then identify intrinsic and extrinsic factors that favour each criterion. Low dispersal emerges as a convincing driver of speciosity. Except for a genomic architecture favouring ecological speciation, for which assessment is difficult, high effective population sizes are the single intrinsic factor that directly enhances speciosity, ecological diversity and habitat dominance. No extrinsic factor appeared to enhance all criteria simultaneously but a combination of factors (insularity, fragmentation and environmental stability) may favour the three criteria, although the effect is indirect for habitat dominance. We then apply this analytical framework to Antarctic marine environments by analysing data from 18 speciose clades belonging to echinoderms (five unrelated clades), notothenioid fishes (five clades) and peracarid crustaceans (eight clades). Antarctic shelf environments and history appear favourable to endemicity and speciosity, but not to ecological specialization. Two main patterns are distinguished among taxa. (i) In echinoderms, many brooding, species-rich and endemic clades are reported, but without remarkable ecological diversity or habitat dominance. In these taxa, loss of the larval stage is probably a consequence of past Antarctic environmental factors, and brooding is suggested to be responsible for enhanced allopatric speciation (via dispersal limitation). (ii) In notothenioids and peracarids, many clades fulfill all three SF criteria. This could result from unusual features in fish and crustaceans: chromosome instability and key innovations (antifreeze proteins) in notothenioids, ecological opportunity in peracarids, and a genomic architecture favouring ecological speciation in both groups. Therefore, the data do not support our starting point that normal evolutionary factors or processes drive SFs because in these two groups uncommon intrinsic features or ecological opportunity provide the best explanation. The utility of the three-criterion SF concept is therefore questioned and guidelines are given for future studies.
Published: 2018

11. Ten years after : synthesis of the national tagging scheme on Montagu’s Harriers in France

Author: Bourrioux , Jean‐Luc, Printemps , Thierry, van Hecke , Benoît, Villers , Alexandre, Chadoeuf , Joël, Augiron , Steve, Bretagnolle , Vincent, Millon , Alexandre, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale ( IMBE ), Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse ( UAPV ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU), MILLON, Alexandre, and Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [ SDE.MCG ] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDE.ES] Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [ SDE.ES ] Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2018

12. Keep your feet warm? A cryptic refugium of trees linked to a geothermal spring in an ocean of glaciers

Author: Sébastien Abou, Serge Aubert, Bassam Ghaleb, Paul Roiron, Frédéric Magnin, Jean-Louis Latil, Adam A. Ali, Christopher Carcaillet, Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Station alpine Joseph Fourier - UMS 3370 (SAJF ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226, Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés ( LEHNA ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État ( ENTPE ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), CNRS, PSL Research University, EPHE, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Le Maupas, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier ( ISEM ), Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), GEOTOP and Département des sciences de la Terre et de l'atmosphère, Université du Quebec à Montreal, CP8888 succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, QC, Canada, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale ( IMBE ), Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse ( UAPV ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Station alpine Joseph Fourier - UMS 3370 ( SAJF ), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine ( LECA ), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Université Savoie Mont Blanc ( USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE), Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU), Station alpine Joseph Fourier - UMS 3370 (SAJF), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010506 paleontology, Nunatak, Poaceae, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Hot Springs, Trees, [ SDE ] Environmental Sciences, Soil, mollusc, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Refugium (population biology), Environmental Chemistry, Ice Cover, nunatak, Glacial period, glacial refugia, Holocene, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, ecosystem, Global and Planetary Change, geography, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, Fossils, Altitude, Glacier, 15. Life on land, geothermal spring, palaeoecology, Pinus, Tundra, tree, Lateglacial–Holocene climate, Refugium, 13. Climate action, Interglacial, Paleoecology, Physical geography, France, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Geology
Abstract: International audience; Up to now, the most widely accepted idea of the periglacial environment is that of treeless ecosystems such as the arctic or the alpine tundra, also called the tabula rasa paradigm. However, several palaeoecological studies have recently challenged this idea, that is, treeless environments in periglacial areas where all organisms would have been exterminated near the glacier formed during the Last Glacial Maxi- mum, notably in the Scandinavian mountains. In the Alps, the issue of glacial refugia of trees remains unanswered. Advances in glacier reconstructions show that ice domes did not cover all upper massifs, but glaciers filled valleys. Here, we used fos- sils of plant and malacofauna from a travertine formation located in a high mountain region to demonstrate that trees (Pinus, Betula) grew with grasses during the Late- glacial-Holocene transition, while the glacier fronts were 200–300 m lower. The geothermal travertine started to accumulate more than 14,500 years ago, but became progressively more meteogene about 11,500 years ago due to a change in groundwater circulation. With trees, land snails (gastropods) associated to woody or open habitats and aquatic mollusc were also present at the onset of the current interglacial, namely the Holocene. The geothermal spring, due to warm water and soil, probably favoured woody glacial ecosystems. This new finding of early tree growth, combined with other scattered proofs of the tree presence before 11,000 years ago in the western Alps, changes our view of the tree distribution in periglacial environments, supporting the notion of tree refugia on nunataks in an ocean of glaciers. Therefore, the tabula rasa paradigm must be revisited because it has important consequences on the global changes, including postglacial plant migrations and biogeochemical cycles.
Published: 2018

13. Promoting ecological restoration in France: issues and solutions

Author: Buisson , Elise, Jaunatre , Renaud, Regnery , Baptiste, Marthe , Lucas, Alignan , Jean François, Heckenroth , Alma, Muller , Isabelle, Bernez , Ivan, Combroux , Isabelle, MOUSSARD , Stéphanie, Glasser , Thibault, JUND , Simon, Lelièvre , Samuel, Malaval , Sandra, VÉCRIN-STABLO , Marie-Pierre, Gallet , Sébastien, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Observatoire Régional de l’Environnement Poitou-Charentes (ORE Poitou-Charentes), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Laboratoire Image, Ville, Environnement (LIVE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupement d’Intérêt Public Seine-Aval (GIP-Seine-Aval), Département de la Moselle, SINBIO [Siège social], Espaces Verts Sportifs et Forestiers, Conservatoire Botanique National des Pyrénées et Midi-Pyrénées, Institut de Géoarchitecture, Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Brestois des Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IBSHS), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Brest (UBO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU), Laboratoire image, ville et environnement (Strasbourg), Laboratoire Image, Ville, Environnement [Strasbourg] (LIVE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Pôle Régional des Savoirs, SINBIO, Institut Brestois des Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IBSHS), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale ( IMBE ), Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse ( UAPV ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre de Grenoble [IRSTEA], Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture ( IRSTEA ), Observatoire Régional de l’Environnement Poitou-Charentes ( ORE Poitou-Charentes ), Laboratoire Image, Ville, Environnement [Strasbourg] ( LIVE ), Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ) -Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ), Groupement d’Intérêt Public Seine-Aval ( GIP-Seine-Aval ), Institut Brestois des Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société ( IBSHS ), Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Maison des Sciences de l'Homme de Bretagne-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques ( IBNM ), and Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Université de Bretagne Sud ( UBS )
Subjects: [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, applied science, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, [ SDE.IE ] Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, [ SDV.EE.ECO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, compensate or offset impacts on biodiversity, horizontal communication, [ SDE.MCG ] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, mitigation hierarchy, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, knowledge sharing, [ SDE.ES ] Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society
Abstract: [Departement_IRSTEA]Territoires [TR1_IRSTEA]SEDYVIN; International audience; Ecological restoration has developed greatly over recent decades. Promoting harmonious relationships between scientists and practitioners, between restoration ecology and ecological restoration, is essential to improving restoration projects. These relationships are difficult to achieve at a global scale, although international action remains essential. Therefore, regional and national networks are attempting to take up the challenge. With several European countries planning to create their own network in the coming years, insights from current practice are helpful. Here, we (1) describe the context in which ecological restoration is developing in France and (2) present the French restoration network, Réseau d'Echanges et de Valorisation en Ecologie de la Restauration (REVER). Most public policies related to restoration in France are derived from European Union (EU) directives, such as those on water, ecological networks, biodiversity, and protected species and natural habitat. Restoration can also be undertaken through Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) or subsequent to damage. Following the model of the International Society for Ecological Restoration, the French network for ecological restoration (REVER) aims at accompanying and promoting restoration by facilitating relationships between the various stakeholders: practitioners, scientists, site managers, etc. To encourage exchange of knowledge and experience, REVER manages a website, organizes workshops, and provides links with SER‐Europe and Society for Ecological Restoration International (SERI). This article provides information that will be of interest to other countries trying to meet the Aichi targets of the convention on biological diversity: the restoration of 15% of degraded ecosystems by 2020.
Published: 2018

14. Absence inattendue d'espèces endémiques insulaires: Dissémination sur de longues distances chez des espèces de Siphonaria sub-antarctique de haute latitude (Gastropoda: Euthyneura)

Author: González-Wevar, Claudio A., Segovia, Nicolás I., Rosenfeld, Sebastián, Ojeda, Jaime, Hüne, Mathias, Naretto, Javier, Saucède, Thomas, Brickle, Paul, Morley, Simon, Féral, Jean-Pierre, Spencer, Hamish G., Poulin, Elie, Universidad de Magallanes ( UMAG ), Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad ( IEB ), Universidad de Santiago de Chile [Santiago] ( USACH ), GAIA-Antártica, Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular ( LEM ), Universidad de Santiago de Chile [Santiago] ( USACH ) -Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad ( IEB ), Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), School of Biological Sciences [Aberdeen], University of Aberdeen, British Antarctic Survey ( BAS ), Natural Environment Research Council ( NERC ), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale ( IMBE ), Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse ( UAPV ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), University of Otago [Dunedin], Universidad de Magallanes (UMAG), Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular (LEM), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Otago [Dunedin, Nouvelle-Zélande], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), and Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, long-distance dispersal, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Siphonaria, Latitude, 03 medical and health sciences, Gastropoda, Antarctic circumpolar current, direct developers, 14. Life underwater, pulmonate, Endemism, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, sub-Antarctic, Ecology, biology, Euthyneura, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Sub antarctic, rafting, 030104 developmental biology, Geography, Biological dispersal, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, oceanic biogeography
Abstract: International audience; Aim: We assess biogeographical patterns, population structure and the range of species in the pulmonate genus Siphonaria across the sub‐Antarctic. We hypothesized that locally endemic cryptic species will be found across the distribution of these direct‐developing limpets in the sub‐Antarctic.Location: The sub‐Antarctic coasts of the Southern Ocean including South America, the Falkland/Malvinas, South Georgia, Kerguelen and Macquarie Islands.Methods: Multi‐locus phylogenetic reconstructions, mtDNA time‐calibrated divergence time estimations and population‐based analyses of Siphonaria populations were used at the scale of the Southern Ocean.Results: We resolve two widely distributed lineages of Siphonaria (S. lateralis and S. fuegiensis) across the sub‐Antarctic. MtDNA divergence time estimates suggest that they were separated around 4.0 Ma (3.0 to 8.0 Ma). Subsequently both species followed different evolutionary pathways across their distributions. Low levels of genetic diversity characterize the populations of both species, reflecting the role of Quaternary glacial cycles during their respective demographic histories, suggesting high levels of dispersal among geographically distant localities.Main conclusions: Siphonaria lateralis and S. fuegiensis constitute sister and broadly co‐distributed species across the sub‐Antarctic. Unexpected transoceanic similarities and low levels of genetic diversity in both these direct‐developing species imply recurrent recolonization processes through long‐distance dispersal to isolated sub‐Antarctic islands. For such groups of Southern Ocean invertebrates, rafting may be more effective for long‐distance dispersal than a free‐living planktotrophic larval stage. This biogeographical model may explain why many marine species lacking a dispersal phase exhibit broad distributions, low genetic diversity and low population structure over thousands of kilometres.
Published: 2018

15. Recommandations de bonne pratique pour la surveillance biologique de l’exposition professionnelle aux agents chimiques (SBEP) : recommandations de la Société française de médecine du travail, associée à la Société française de toxicologie analytique et à la Société de toxicologie clinique

Author: Dominique Brunet, Damien Barbeau, Laurence Labat, Irène Sari-Minodier, Anne Maitre, Mounia El Yamani, Bernard Fontaine, Robert Garnier, Yves Goujon, Catherine Nisse, Antoine Villa, Florence Pillière, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] ( CHRU Lille ), Université Grenoble Alpes - UFR Pharmacie ( UGA UFRP ), Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ), Direction de l’Evaluation des Risques, Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l’Alimentation, de l’Environnement et du Travail ( ANSES Maisons-Alfort ), Unité évaluation des expositions professionnelles, Santé publique France, Centre de Recherches de Climatologie ( CRC ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Service de santé au travail, Pôle Santé Travail, Biologie du médicament et toxicologie, CHU Cochin [AP-HP], Département Études et assistance médicales, Institut national de recherche et de sécurité (Paris) ( INRS (Paris) ) -Institut national de recherche et de sécurité (Paris) ( INRS (Paris) ), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale ( IMBE ), Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse ( UAPV ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Service de Médecine du Travail et des Risques Professionnels, Centre antipoison de Paris, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire [Grenoble] (CHU), Environnement et Prédiction de la Santé des Populations (TIMC-IMAG-EPSP), Techniques de l'Ingénierie Médicale et de la Complexité - Informatique, Mathématiques et Applications, Grenoble - UMR 5525 (TIMC-IMAG), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Direction de l'Evaluation des Risques (DER), Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Santé publique France - French National Public Health Agency [Saint-Maurice, France], Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Institut national de recherche et de sécurité (Paris) (INRS (Paris))-Institut national de recherche et de sécurité (Paris) (INRS (Paris)), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU), Centre antipoison et de toxicovigilance (Paris) (CAPTV Paris), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Saint-Louis, Lariboisière, Fernand-Widal, and Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, 010401 analytical chemistry, [ SDV.TOX ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology, [ SDV.SPEE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Toxicology, 030210 environmental & occupational health, 01 natural sciences, 3. Good health, 0104 chemical sciences, [ SDV.EE.SANT ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, [ SDE ] Environmental Sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.TOX]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology, [ SDV.MHEP ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2017

16. Fuzzy species limits in Mediterranean gorgonians (Cnidaria, Octocorallia): inferences on speciation processes

Author: Mauatassem Billah Masmoudi, Anne Haguenauer, Didier Aurelle, Rita Castilho, Lamya Chaoui, Isabelle D. Pivotto, Nur Eda Topçu, Marine Malfant, Márcio A.G. Coelho, Hichem M. Kara, Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie ( MIO ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Université de Toulon ( UTLN ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale ( IMBE ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse ( UAPV ), Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin ( ADMM ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Istanbul University, Université Badji Mokhtar - Annaba [Annaba] ( UBMA ), Laboratoire Bioressources Marines, Université Badji Mokhtar de Annaba, Universidade do Algarve, Centre of Marine Sciences ( CCMAR ), University of Algarve [Portugal], State University of New York at Buffalo ( SUNY Buffalo ), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (AD2M), Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Badji Mokhtar Annaba (UBMA), Universidade do Algarve (UAlg), Centre of Marine Sciences [Faro] (CCMAR), University at Buffalo [SUNY] (SUNY Buffalo), State University of New York (SUNY), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU), and Université Badji Mokhtar - Annaba [Annaba] (UBMA)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Sympatry, Octocorallia, intron, Evolution, Introgression, ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species, Insights, Gene flow, Coalescent theory, 03 medical and health sciences, Eunicella singularis, Genetics, 14. Life underwater, Adaptation, Haplotype reconstruction, Molecular Biology, octocorals, hybridization, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Eunicella, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Eunicella-singularis, Diversity, biology, Phylogenetic tree, ved/biology, Ecology, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Population-genetics, Algal symbiosis, biology.organism_classification, 030104 developmental biology, [ SDV.BID.EVO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], speciation, Eunicella cavolini, Animal Science and Zoology, Coral, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, ABC
Abstract: The study of the interplay between speciation and hybridization is of primary importance in evolutionary biology. Octocorals are ecologically important species whose shallow phylogenetic relationships often remain to be studied. In the Mediterranean Sea, three congeneric octocorals can be observed in sympatry: Eunicella verrucosa, Eunicella cavolini and Eunicella singularis. They display morphological differences and E.singularis hosts photosynthetic Symbiodinium, contrary to the two other species. Two nuclear sequence markers were used to study speciation and gene flow between these species, through network analysis and Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC). Shared sequences indicated the possibility of hybridization or incomplete lineage sorting. According to ABC, a scenario of gene flow through secondary contact was the best model to explain these results. At the intraspecific level, neither geographical nor ecological isolation corresponded to distinct genetic lineages in E.cavolini. These results are discussed in the light of the potential role of ecology and genetic incompatibilities in the persistence of species limits. French National Research Agency (ANR) program Adacni (ANR) [ANR-12-ADAP-0016] CNRS Hubert Curien 'Tassili' program [12MDU853] CCMAR Strategic Plan from Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia-FCT [PEst-C/MAR/LA0015/2011, FEDER info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Published: 2017

17. Cryptic lineages and high population genetic structure in the exploited marine snail Hexaplex trunculus (Gastropoda: Muricidae)

Author: Zined Marzouk, Khaled Said, Didier Aurelle, Anne Chenuil, Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN), Université de Monastir - University of Monastir (UM), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie ( MIO ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Université de Toulon ( UTLN ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Université de Monastir ( UM ), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale ( IMBE ), Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse ( UAPV ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Range (biology), Lineage (evolution), Population, Zoology, Parapatric speciation, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Paleontology, Vicariance, 14. Life underwater, education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, education.field_of_study, [ SDU.STU.OC ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, biology, biology.organism_classification, 030104 developmental biology, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Genetic structure, Hexaplex trunculus, Biological dispersal, [ SDU ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]
Abstract: International audience; Although the banded murex Hexaplex trunculus (Linnaeus, 1758) has no dispersal stage, it is widely distributed in a relatively broad range of habitats. These features make it a particularly suitable model to reconstruct the history of the fragmentation of its geographical range. We investigated its genetic structure from the eastern Mediterranean to the Atlantic coast, by sequencing a nuclear intron (i29) and a mitochondrial marker (cox1). We found strong genetic differentiation between all population pairs, congruent with the absence of a dispersing larval stage. A deep phylogeographical break separated two parapatric lineages, a western lineage (I) and an eastern one (II). The two lineages were separated by a vicariance event dated to the Pliocene by both markers, analysed independently. They co-occur in southern Italy and in the Siculo-Tunisian straight, where some individuals display recombined genotypes (lineage I for one marker, lineage II for the other), suggesting that introgression occurred in sympatric populations. We were unable to determine whether the vicariance was across the STS or located further east across the Peloponnese Arc, but the presence of lineage I in the northern Adriatic is more parsimoniously explained by a more eastern vicariance. Lineage I displayed a stronger signal of demographic expansion than lineage II, and its expansion was estimated to be more recent. This result, which has been reported in other marine species, suggests less drastic conditions for the eastern (and possibly also the central) Mediterranean benthos than for western populations during past climatic oscillations. The parapatric distribution still observed today suggests that human exploitation of this snail, which dates back to Antiquity, did not result in efficient introductions among basins, although present-day introductions were recently reported in the Bay of Biscay.
Published: 2017

18. The phylogenetic position and taxonomic status of Sterechinus bernasconiae Larrain, 1975 (Echinodermata, Echinoidea), an enigmatic Chilean sea urchin

Author: Elie Poulin, Javier Sellanes, Benjamin Pierrat, Angie Díaz, Jean-Pierre Féral, Bruno David, Thomas Saucède, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratorio de Macroalgas Antárticas y Subantárticas, Universidad de Magallanes (UMAG), Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Departamento de Biología Marina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU), Work funded by the Belgian Science Policy Office (BELSPO, Contract No. BR/132/A1/vERSO)., Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Universidad de Magallanes ( UMAG ), Universidad de Santiago de Chile [Santiago] ( USACH ), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale ( IMBE ), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse ( UAPV )
Subjects: Systematics, Phylogenetic tree, Ecology, Biogeography, Echinoidea, Biology, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, biology.organism_classification, Sterechinus, Sterechinus neumayeri, Antarctic, Taxonomy (biology), 14. Life underwater, Diadema, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Clade, [ SDV.BID.SPT ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, Phylogeny, Sterechinus bernasconiae, Gracilechinus multidentatus
Abstract: 15 pages; International audience; Sterechinus is a very common echinoid genus in benthic communities of the Southern Ocean. It is widely distributed across the Antarctic and South Atlantic Oceans and has been the most frequently collected and intensively studied Antarctic echinoid. Despite the abundant literature devoted to Sterechinus, few studies have questioned the systematics of the genus. Sterechinus bernasconiae is the only species of Sterechinus reported from the Pacific Ocean and is only known from the few specimens of the original material. Based on new material collected during the oceanographic cruise INSPIRE on board the R/V Melville, the taxonomy and phylogenetic position of the species are revised. Molecular and morphological analyses show that S. bernasconiae is a subjective junior synonym of Gracilechinus multidentatus (Clark). Results also show the existence of two genetically distinct subclades within the so-called Sterechinus clade: a Sterechinus neumayeri subclade and a subclade composed of other Sterechinus species. The three nominal species Sterechinus antarcticus, Sterechinus diadema, and Sterechinus agassizi cluster together and cannot be distinguished. The species Sterechinus dentifer is weakly differentiated from these three nominal species. The elucidation of phylogenetic relationships between G. multidentatus and species of Sterechinus also allows for clarification of respective biogeographic distributions and emphasizes the putative role played by biotic exclusion in the spatial distribution of species.
Published: 2015

19. Potential for adaptive evolution at species range margins: contrasting interactions between red coral populations and their environment in a changing ocean

Author: Jean-Pierre Féral, Christian Marschal, Nathaniel Bensoussan, Didier Aurelle, Jean-Baptiste Ledoux, Joaquim Garrabou, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale ( IMBE ), Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse ( UAPV ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institute of Marine Sciences / Institut de Ciències del Mar [Barcelona] ( ICM ), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] ( CSIC ), IPSO FACTO, SCOPARL, Pôle Océanologie et Limnologie, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Marine Sciences / Institut de Ciències del Mar [Barcelona] (ICM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), and IPSO FACTO [Marseille]
Subjects: LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM, MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA, Species distribution, Population, Population genetics, Biology, PHYLOGENETIC TREES, LOCAL ADAPTATION, Effective population size, Genetic drift, PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY, Marine ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Original Research, Corallium rubrum, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Local adaptation, education.field_of_study, CLIMATE-CHANGE, Deep refugia hypothesis, potential for local adaptation, Ecology, phenotypic buffering, deeprefugia hypothesis, deep refugia hypothesis, technology, industry, and agriculture, GENETIC-VARIATION, reciprocal transplants, Q(ST)-F-ST COMPARISONS, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, RUBRUM L, QUANTITATIVE TRAIT, marginal populations, Common garden, Adaptation, [ SDE.ES ] Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society
Abstract: 15 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables, supporting information http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ece3.1324/suppinfo, Studying population-by-environment interactions (PEIs) at species range margins offers the opportunity to characterize the responses of populations facing an extreme regime of selection, as expected due to global change. Nevertheless, the importance of these marginal populations as putative reservoirs of adaptive genetic variation has scarcely been considered in conservation biology. This is particularly true in marine ecosystems for which the deep refugia hypothesis proposes that disturbed shallow and marginal populations of a given species can be replenished by mesophotic ones. This hypothesis therefore assumes that identical PEIs exist between populations, neglecting the potential for adaptation at species range margins. Here, we combine reciprocal transplant and common garden experiments with population genetics analyses to decipher the PEIs in the red coral, Corallium rubrum. Our analyses reveal partially contrasting PEIs between shallow and mesophotic populations separated by approximately one hundred meters, suggesting that red coral populations may potentially be locally adapted to their environment. Based on the effective population size and connectivity analyses, we posit that genetic drift may be more important than gene flow in the adaptation of the red coral. We further investigate how adaptive divergence could impact population viability in the context of warming and demonstrate differential phenotypic buffering capacities against thermal stress. Our study questions the relevance of the deep refugia hypothesis and highlights the conservation value of marginal populations as a putative reservoir of adaptive genetic polymorphism. In marine conservation, the deep-refugia hypothesis proposes that disturbed shallow and marginal populations of a given species can be replenished by mesophotic populations. Combining reciprocal transplant and common garden experiments with population genetics analyses we question the relevance of this hypothesis in the red coral, Corallium rubrum. Our study highlights the conservation value of marginal populations as a putative reservoir of adaptive genetic polymorphism. © 2015 Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd., This study was funded by the “Provence–Alpes–Côte d'Azur” region (J-B. Ledoux Doctoral Fellowship) and by the IFB Foundation (Institut Français de la Biodiversité), the environmental department of TOTAL-FINA-ELF group, an “Action Concertée Initiative” (ACI) program “Jeunes chercheurs 2003” (number JC5360) from the French Research Ministry and the MEDCHANGE project funded by the Agence Nationale pour la Recherche (ANR) J-B. L. is supported by a post-doctoral grant SFRH/BPD/74400/2010 from Fundacão para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT; Portugal)
Published: 2015

20. Vegetation and climate dynamics at the dawn of human settlement: multiproxy palaeoenvironmental evidence from the Hashilan Wetland, western Iran

Author: Safaierad, Reza, Matthews, Roger, Dupont, Lydie, Zolitschka, Bernd, Marinova, Elena, Djamali, Morteza, Vogt, Christoph, Azizi, Ghasem, Lahijani, Hamid A.K., Matthews, Wendy, Clay, Geochemistry and Sedimentary Environments (AGEs), Department of Geology, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium, Department of Archaeology and Centre for Past Climate Change, University of Reading, Reading, UK, MARUM–Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, D-28359 Bremen, Germany, University of Bremen, Institute of Geography, GEOPOLAR, Bremen, Germany, Laboratory for Archaeobotany Baden-Württemberg State Office for Cultural Heritage, Fischersteig 9, 78343, Gaienhofen, Hemmenhofen, Germany, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Crystallography & Geomaterials Research, FB05 Geosciences & MARUM, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany, Department of Physical Geography, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran, and Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science(INIOAS), No. 3, Etemadzadeh St., Fatemi Ave., Tehran, Iran
Subjects: [SDE]Environmental Sciences, atmospheric dust,Holocene seasonality changes,Neolithic,vegetation dynamics,Zagros Mountain
Abstract: The scarcity of high-resolution palaeoclimate records from the interior of West Asia has limited our understanding of the mechanisms of past climate change and their potential impacts on early human societies of the Eastern Fertile Crescent. Here, we present a multiproxy sedimentological, geochemical and palynological record from the Hashilan Wetland in the central Zagros Mountains, spanning the time interval from 22 to 2.2 kcal bp. Our results indicate a cold, dry climate for the last deglaciation (22 to 10 kcal bp) with amplified aridity during the Last Glacial Maximum, Heinrich Stadial 1, the Younger Dryas and the 8.2 and 3.2 ka events. The Early Holocene (11.6 to 7.8 kcal bp) is characterised by prolonged dry summers, frequent spring/summer dust storms and restricted oak woodlands that gradually expanded as summers shortened toward the second half of the Holocene (
Published: 2023

21. Climate changes during the Lateglacial in South Europe: new insights based on pollen and brGDGTs of Lake Matese in Italy

Author: Mary Robles, Odile Peyron, Guillemette Ménot, Elisabetta Brugiapaglia, Sabine Wulf, Oona Appelt, Marion Blache, Boris Vannière, Lucas Dugerdil, Bruno Paura, Salomé Ansanay-Alex, Amy Cromartie, Laurent Charlet, Stephane Guédron, Jacques-Louis de Beaulieu, Sébastien Joannin, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Portmouth University, German Research Centre for Geosciences - Helmholtz-Centre Potsdam (GFZ), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Maison des Sciences de l'Homme et de l'Environnement Claude Nicolas Ledoux (UAR 3124) (MSHE), Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research (OCCR), Laboratoire de Géophysique Interne et Tectonophysique (LGIT), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées (LCPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géochimie, Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-PRES Université de Grenoble-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-PRES Université de Grenoble-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Méditerranéen d'Ecologie et de Paléoécologie (IMEP), Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Avignon Université (AU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli Studi del Molise = University of Molise (UNIMOL), Cornell University [New York], Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Gustave Eiffel-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), and Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Bølling-Allerød, Younger Dryas, Molecular Biomarker, Paleoclimate, Tephra, Transfer functions, Lateglacial, [SHS.ENVIR]Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Mediterranean region Palynology Molecular Biomarker Paleoclimate Transfer functions Tephra Younger Dryas Bølling-Allerød Lateglacial, Mediterranean region, Palynology
Abstract: The Lateglacial (14,700–11,700 cal BP) is a key climate period marked by rapid but contrasted changes in the Northern Hemisphere. Indeed, regional climate differences have been evidenced during the Lateglacial in Europe and the Northern Mediterranean areas. However, past climate patterns are still debated since temperature and precipitation changes are poorly investigated towards the lower European latitudes. Lake Matese in Southern Italy is a key site in the Central Mediterranean to investigate climate patterns during the Lateglacial. This study uses a multi-proxy approach including magnetic susceptibility, geochemistry (XRF core scanning), pollen data and molecular biomarkers like branched Glycerol Dialkyl Glycerol Tetraethers (brGDGTs) to reconstruct climate changes and their impacts at Matese. Palaeotemperatures and -precipitation patterns are quantitatively inferred from pollen assemblages (multi-method approach: Modern Analogue Technique, Weighted Averaging Partial Least Squares regression, Random Forest, and Boosted Regression Trees) and brGDGTs calibrations. The results are compared to a latitudinal selection of regional climate reconstructions in Italy to better understand climate processes in Europe and in the circum-Mediterranean region. A warm Bølling–Allerød and a marked cold Younger Dryas are revealed in all climate reconstructions inferred from various proxies (chironomids, ostracods, speleothems, pollen, brGDGTs), showing no latitudinal differences in terms of temperatures across Italy. During the Bølling–Allerød, no significant changes in terms of precipitation are recorded, however, a contrasted pattern is visible during the Younger Dryas. Slightly wet conditions are recorded south of latitude 42° N whereas dry conditions are recorded north of latitude 42° N. During the Younger Dryas, cold conditions can be attributed to the southward position of North Atlantic sea-ice and of the Polar Frontal JetStream whereas the increase of precipitation is Southern Italy seems to be linked to relocation of Atlantic storm tracks into the Mediterranean, induced by the Fennoscandian ice sheet and the North European Plain. On the contrary, during the Bølling–Allerød warm conditions can be linked to the northward position of North Atlantic sea-ice and of the Polar Frontal JetStream.
Published: 2023

22. Role of soil texture and earthworm casts on the restoration of soil enzyme activities after exposure to an organophosphorus insecticide

Author: Fatina Jouni, Juan C. Sanchez-Hernandez, Corinne Brouchoud, Yvan Capowiez, Magali Rault, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Microbienne (LUBEM), Université de Brest (UBO), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha = University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes (EMMAH), and Avignon Université (AU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: Soil extracellular enzymes ,Parathion, Enzyme-based indexes ,Integrated biomarker index, Apporectodea caliginosa ,Allolobophora chlorotica, Ecology, Soil Science, [SDV.SA.AEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agriculture, economy and politics, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous)
Abstract: International audience; Pesticides exert important effects on the soil fauna and health. However, little is known about the interactions of soil, microorganisms and earthworms in the presence of pesticides and about their respective roles in the soil biological activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the soil type on enzyme activities, measured in bulk soil and in casts of two earthworm species, after exposure to the organophosphorus pesticide parathion. To this aim, two endogeic earthworm species (Apporectodea caliginosa and Allolobophora chlorotica) were cross-acclimated in two different soil textures (each representing the most favorable soil environment for that spe-cies). Enzyme activities were measured as a soil quality indicator in samples of bulk soil (collected at day 4 and day 7 of exposure to parathion) and in earthworm casts (collected at day 7). A short exposure (4 days) to parathion significantly (ANOVA, p < 0.001) inhibited carboxylesterases (25-43 % of inhibition) and alkaline phosphatase (-23 % of inhibition). At day 7 of exposure, parathion impact on the overall soil enzyme activities mainly depended on the soil texture. Indeed, activity inhibition was higher (ANOVA, p < 0.001) in silt-clay soil (decrease by 37 %) than in silt-loamy soil (decrease by-18 %). Conversely, parathion effect was not influenced by earthworm presence/absence and earthworm species. However, after soil exposure to parathion, earthworms (both species) improved enzyme activity restoration in their casts.
Published: 2023

23. Environmental metabarcoding as a tool to reveal structure and composition of microbial communities in anthropogenic soils

Author: Julie Foulon, Cyril Zappelini, Alexis Durand, Benoit Valot, Mathieu Luglia, Camille Fourrier, Stéven Criquet, Damien Blaudez, Michel CHALOT, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU), Laboratoire Sols et Environnement (LSE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Luglia, Mathieu, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale ( IMBE ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse ( UAPV ), Laboratoire Sols et Environnement ( LSE ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Lorraine ( UL ), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux ( LIEC ), Université de Lorraine ( UL ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [ SDE.MCG ] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDV.EE.ECO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, [ SDV.BBM.BM ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDV.BBM.BM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, [ SDV.EE.ECO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2017

24. Control of invasive rats on islands and priorities for future action

Author: Duron, Quiterie, Shiels, Aaron, Vidal, Eric, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale ( IMBE ), Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse ( UAPV ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), United States Department of Agriculture ( USDA ), United States Department of Agriculture, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), USDA Agricultural Research Service [Maricopa, AZ] (USDA), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU)
Subjects: [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Rattus exulans, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, island conservation, Rattus norvegicus, Rattus rattus, [ SDV.EE.ECO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, [ SDE.MCG ] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, poison, [ SDV.EE.IEO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis, rodent pest control, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, traps, [ SDV.BID.SPT ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
Abstract: International audience; Invasive rats are one of the world's most successful animal groups that cause native species extinctions and ecosystem change, particularly on islands. On large islands, rat eradication is often impossible and population control, defined as the local limitation of rat abundance, is now routinely performed on many of the world's islands as an alternative management tool. However, a synthesis of the motivations, techniques, costs, and outcomes of such rat-control projects is lacking. We reviewed the literature, searched relevant websites, and conducted a survey via a questionnaire to synthesize the available information on rat-control projects in island natural areas worldwide to improve rat management and native species conservation. Data were collected from 136 projects conducted over the last 40 years; most were located in Australasia (46%) and the tropical Pacific (25%) in forest ecosystems (65%) and coastal strands (22%). Most of the projects targeted Rattus rattus and most (82%) were aimed at protecting birds and endangered ecosystems. Poisoning (35%) and a combination of trapping and poisoning (42%) were the most common methods. Poisoning allows for treatment of larger areas, and poison projects generally last longer than trapping projects. Second-generation anticoagulants (mainly brodifacoum and bromadiolone) were used most often. The median annual cost for rat-control projects was US$17,262 or US$227/ha. Median project duration was 4 years. For 58% of the projects, rat population reduction was reported, and 51% of projects showed evidence of positive effects on biodiversity. Our data were from few countries, revealing the need to expand rat-control distribution especially in some biodiversity hotspots. Improvement in control methods is needed as is regular monitoring to assess short-and long-term effectiveness of rat-control.; Control de Ratas Invasoras en Islas y las Prioridades para la Acción a Futuro Resumen: Las ratas invasoras son uno de los grupos animales más exitosos a nivel mundial que ocasionan la extinción de especies nativas y cambios en los ecosistemas, particularmente en las islas. En las islas grandes, la erradicación de las ratas es generalmente imposible y el control de población, definido como la limitación local de la abundancia de ratas, hoy en día se practica rutinariamente en muchas de las islas del mundo como una herramienta alternativa de manejo. Sin embargo, se carece de una síntesis de motivaciones, técnicas, costos y resultados de dichos proyectos de control de ratas. Revisamos la literatura, buscamos sitios web relevantes, y realizamos una encuesta por medio de un cuestionario para sintetizar la información disponible sobre los proyectos de control de ratas en lasáreaslas´lasáreas naturales isleñas en todo el mundo para así mejorar el manejo de ratas y la conservación de especies nativas. Se recolectaron datos de 136 proyectos que se realizaron en losúltimos los´losúltimos 40 años; la mayoría se ubicaron en Australasia (46 %) y el Pacífico tropical (25 %) en ecosistemas boscosos (65 %) y franjas costeras (22 %). La mayoría de los proyectos estaban enfocados en Rattus rattus, y la mayoría (82 %) estaban centrados en la protección de aves y ecosistemas en peligro de extinción. Los métodos más comunes fueron el envenenamiento (35 %) y una combinación de trampas y veneno (42 %). El envenenamiento permite tratar conáreascon´conáreas más grandes y generalmente dura más tiempo que el trampeo. Los anti-coagulantes de segunda
Published: 2017

25. Transfer of Pseudomonas pictorum Gray and Thornton 1928 to genus Stenotrophomonas as Stenotrophomonas pictorum comb. nov., and emended description of the genus Stenotrophomonas

Author: Hervé Macarie, Jean Le Mer, Manon Joseph, Aboubakar S. Ouattara, Université de Ouagadougou - Université Ouaga I Pr Joseph KI ZERBO, Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie ( MIO ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Université de Toulon ( UTLN ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale ( IMBE ), Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse ( UAPV ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo [Ouagadougou] (UJZK), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)
Subjects: DNA, Bacterial, 0301 basic medicine, [SDV.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biotechnology, Antibiotic susceptibility, Sequence analysis, reclassification, 030106 microbiology, [ SDV.MP.BAC ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, Microbiology, 16S rRNA sequences, 03 medical and health sciences, Stenotrophomonas nitritireducens, Pseudomonas, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, polyphasic taxonomy, Phylogeny, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, cellular fatty acid, Base Composition, DNA-DNA hybridization, biology, Phylogenetic tree, Nucleic Acid Hybridization, [ SDV.BIO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biotechnology, Sequence Analysis, DNA, General Medicine, Ribosomal RNA, biology.organism_classification, 16S ribosomal RNA, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, Bacterial Typing Techniques, Stenotrophomonas, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
Abstract: A polyphasic taxonomic approach including analysis of phenotypic, physiological and genotypic characteristics, 16S rRNA gene sequence and DNA–DNA hybridization analysis was used to determine the most consistent affiliation of Pseudomonas pictorum . Pseudomonas pictorum ATCC 23328T exhibited phenotypic traits of members of the genus Stenotrophomonas including cellular fatty acid composition, quinone and limited range of substrates that could be used. Antibiotic susceptibility and physiological characteristics were determined. The DNA G+C content was 65.7 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the type strains of Stenotrophomonas terrae , Stenotrophomonas humi , Stenotrophomonas nitritireducens and Stenotrophomonas acidaminiphila were the nearest relatives (16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 98.0 to 98.8 %). All the other type strains of species of the genus Stenotrophomonas showed high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities (96.8 to 97.2 %). DNA–DNA hybridizations revealed 31.0, 32.0, 43.3 and 43.6 % reassociation between Pseudomonas pictorum ATCC 23328T and the type strains of S. terrae , S. humi , S. nitritireducens and S. acidaminiphila , respectively. Our overall results indicate that Pseudomonas pictorum should be transferred to the genus Stenotrophomonas as a novel species of this genus, Stenotrophomonas pictorum comb. nov. Since the original description of the genus Stenotrophomonas was made with only one species ( Stenotrophomonas maltophilia ), an emendation of the genus description is proposed in order to match better with the characteristics of the eleven novel species assigned to this genus since then.
Published: 2017

26. Life history adjustments to intestinal inflammation in a gut nematode

Author: Emmanuel Guivier, Cédric Lippens, Gabriele Sorci, Bruno Faivre, Anthony Ollivier, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-11-BSV7-0028,EVOREGIM,Immuno-Ecologie et immunopathologies : importance évolutive de l'inflammation et de sa régulation.(2011), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale ( IMBE ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse ( UAPV ), and ANR-11-BSV7-0028,EVOREGIM,Immuno-Ecologie et immunopathologies : importance évolutive de l'inflammation et de sa régulation. ( 2011 )
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Physiology, Phenotypic plasticity, Aquatic Science, Host-Parasite Interactions, Immunomodulation, 03 medical and health sciences, Mice, 0302 clinical medicine, Immune system, parasitic diseases, [ SDV.EE.IEO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis, medicine, [ SDV.IMM ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Animals, Colitis, Adaptation, Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic, Molecular Biology, Life History Traits, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Strongylida Infections, Infectivity, Inflammation, Strongyloidea, Mice, Inbred BALB C, biology, Host (biology), Dextran Sulfate, Inflammatory response, Helminth Proteins, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, 3. Good health, Intestines, Disease Models, Animal, 030104 developmental biology, Nematode, Insect Science, Larva, Immunology, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Animal Science and Zoology, Heligmosomoides polygyrus, 030215 immunology, [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
Abstract: Many parasitic nematodes establish chronic infections. This implies a finely tuned interaction with the host immune response in order to avoid infection clearance. Although a number of immune interference mechanisms have been described in nematodes, how parasites adapt to the immune environment provided by their hosts remains largely unexplored. Here, we used the gastrointestinal nematode Heligmosomoides polygyrus to investigate the plasticity of life history traits and immunomodulatory mechanisms in response to intestinal inflammation. We adopted an experimental model of induced colitis and exposed worms to intestinal inflammation at two different developmental stages (larvae and adults). We found that H. polygyrus responded to intestinal inflammation by up-regulating the expression of a candidate gene involved in the interference with the host immune response. Worms infecting mice with colitis also had better infectivity (earlier adult emergence in the intestinal lumen and higher survival) compared with worms infecting control hosts, suggesting that H. polygyrus adjusted its life history schedule in response to intestinal inflammation.
Published: 2017

27. Mating system and evidence of multiple paternity in the Antarctic brooding sea urchin Abatus agassizii

Author: Jean-Pierre Féral, Karin Gérard, Elie Poulin, Angie Díaz, Bruno David, Claudia S. Maturana, Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), GAIA-Antártica, Universidad de Magallanes (UMAG), Departamento de Zoología, Universidad de Concepción [Chile], Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Study supported by the Grants PFB-23 and ICM P05-002 and Thesis project INACH M02_10 and CONICYT PhD 21150317, INACH D05-09, FP_03-12, CONICYT Ph.D.D-21060218, D21-08 and Postdoctoral FONDECYT 3130677, Fondecyt post-doctorate 3100139 and INACH F01_09, and Egide program ECOS-Sud C06B02., PROTEKER, Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad ( IEB ), Universidad de Santiago de Chile [Santiago] ( USACH ), Universidad de Magallanes ( UMAG ), Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ( MNHN ), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale ( IMBE ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse ( UAPV ), Universidad de Concepción - University of Concepcion [Chile], Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), and Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Population, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Population density, Panmixia, [ SDV.EE.IEO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis, Polyandry, 14. Life underwater, Parentage analysis, education, Southern Ocean, reproductive and urinary physiology, Genetic diversity, education.field_of_study, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Vagility, Marine invertebrates, Spermcast, Mating system, Genetic structure, behavior and behavior mechanisms, Biological dispersal, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
Abstract: 11 pages; International audience; Broadcasting is the predominant spawning behavior among benthic marine invertebrates, mainly associated with planktotrophic and planktonic lecitotrophic development. Broadcasting allows genetic mixing that should contribute to increase the genetic diversity of a female clutch. Conversely, in brooding species characterized by protected development, oocytes are retained and only sperm is released, which is supposed to limit the number of males that contribute to a female clutch. This spermcasting behavior together with egg retention, unusually frequent among Antarctic marine invertebrates, putatively give brooders low dispersal capacities which may reduce genetic mixing and generate genetic and kinship structure at a small spatial scale. Like many other Antarctic marine benthic invertebrates, the irregular sea urchin Abatus agassizii is a spermcaster that broods its young. In this study, we assessed the genetic diversity among 66 adults using 6 polymorphic microsatellite loci and performed progeny array analyses in order to evaluate the number of mates per female as well as genetic structure at a small spatial scale. A. agassizii exhibited a polyandric system with 2–5 mates per female regardless of population density. Bayesian analyses suggested the absence of genetic structure along our 20-m transect, while relatedness among individuals did not differ from that expected under panmixia. Finally, we conclude that a limited number of males contribute to a female clutch, probably as a consequence of limited sperm dispersal and that movement of adults may be sufficient to avoid kinship structure in the population.
Published: 2017

28. Lipid Classes, Fatty Acids, Tocopherols Compositions and Antioxidant Activity of Lawsonia alba Seed Oils Growing in Algeria

Author: Chahrazed Hamia, Isabelle Bombarda, Nadhir Gourine, Rekia Cherbi, Mokhtar Saidi, Mohamed Yousfi, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mechanics surfaces and materials processing (MSMP), Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale ( IMBE ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse ( UAPV ), and HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)
Subjects: DPPH assay, Antioxidant, DPPH, Hierarchy Ascendant Classification (HAC), medicine.medical_treatment, seeds, High-performance liquid chromatography, [ CHIM ] Chemical Sciences, fatty acids, lipids, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0404 agricultural biotechnology, Botany, medicine, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Food science, Phosphomolybdenum assay, chemistry.chemical_classification, Nutrition and Dietetics, Chloroform, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, food and beverages, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Lawsonia alba, 040401 food science, chemistry, Composition (visual arts), lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), Fatty acid composition, Methanol, tocopherols, Food Science, Polyunsaturated fatty acid
Abstract: International audience; Background: Lawsonia alba seed oils are not widely used commercially even though they have characteristics that well suit for industrial applications and can contribute to healthy human diets. The most important aim of the present work is the evaluation of the tocopherols composition of these oils. Moreover, lipid classes, fatty acids compositions and antioxidant activity of the seed oils were also investigated. Methods: Lawsonia alba seed oils were extracted with Soxhlet device using n-hexane and chloroform/methanol. Tocopherols were analyzed by HPLC The antioxidant activity were determined using two different assays: DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl), and Phosphomoly-bdenum. Results: The content of the oils ranged from 7.52 to 10.45%. Polyunsaturated fatty acids dominated all the studied samples. Linoleic, followed by palmitic and oleic, were the major fatty acids found in the crude seed oils and their lipid classes. Results of tocopherols identification showed that the seed oils were rich in tocopherols, especially-and-tocopherols. For DPPH assay, the antioxidant powers varied from medium to low values (IC 50 = 0.11 to 16.54 mg/mL). The results of the Phosphomolybdenum assay showed very important activities of the oils that were decreasing in the following order: polar lipids > neutral lipids (Chloroform/Methanol) > total lipids > neutral lipids (n-hexane). Conclusion: this current report reveals the richness of the Lawsonia alba seeds in tocopherols, which in fact is studied for the first time. Moreover, cluster analysis revealed that fatty acid composition of the seed oils of Lawsonia alba were very close to those of Walnut.
Published: 2017

29. Emergence patterns of novelty in European vegetation assemblages over the past 15 000 years

Author: Walter Finsinger, Michelle Leydet, Thomas Giesecke, Simon Brewer, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier ( ISEM ), Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Department of Geography, University of Liverpool-University of Liverpool, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement de géosciences de l'environnement ( CEREGE ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Collège de France ( CdF ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale ( IMBE ), Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse ( UAPV ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226, Department of Palynology and Climate Dynamics, Georg-August-University [Göttingen]-Georg-August-University [Göttingen], University of Utah, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Palaeoecology, Laboratory of Palaeobotany and Palynology, University of Göttingen-University of Göttingen, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse ( UAPV ), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen-Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Time Factors, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [ SDV.BV.BOT ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, Climate Change, Climate change, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Introduced species, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, [ SDV.SA.SF ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Silviculture, forestry, [ SDE ] Environmental Sciences, [ SDU.ENVI ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Baseline (configuration management), [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, [ SDV.BIBS ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM], Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Ecology, Plant Dispersal, Cultural landscape, Novelty, Plant community, Agriculture, [ SDU.STU ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Vegetation, Biological novelty, 15. Life on land, Biota, Europe, [ SDE.MCG ] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Geography, 13. Climate action, EPD, post-glacial, pollen, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [ SDE.ES ] Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society
Abstract: International audience; Plant communities are not stable over time and biological novelty is predicted to emerge due to climate change, the introduction of exotic species and land-use change. However, the rate at which this novelty may arise over longer time periods has so far received little attention. We reconstruct the emergence of novelty in Europe for a set of baseline conditions over the past 15000years to assess past rates of emergence and investigate underlying causes. The emergence of novelty is baseline specific and, during the early-Holocene, was mitigated by the rapid spread of plant taxa. Although novelty generally increases as a function of time, climate and human-induced landscape changes contributed to a non-linear post-glacial trajectory of novelty with jumps corresponding to periods of rapid changes. Emergence of novelty accelerated during the past 1000years. Historical cultural landscapes experienced a faster novelty development due to the contribution from anthropogenic land-cover changes.
Published: 2017

30. Evidence for a genetic sex determination in Cnidaria, the Mediterranean red coral (Corallium rubrum)

Author: Eve Toulza, S. Chenesseau, Pierre Pontarotti, Kelly Brener, M. Bonabaud, Marine Pratlong, Anne Haguenauer, S. Rialle, Didier Aurelle, Guillaume Mitta, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale ( IMBE ), Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse ( UAPV ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements ( IHPE ), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia ( UPVD ) -Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer ( IFREMER ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), BioCampus Montpellier ( BCM ), Université Montpellier 1 ( UM1 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle-Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de Mathématiques de Marseille ( I2M ), Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Ecole Centrale de Marseille ( ECM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU), Interactions Hôtes-Pathogènes-Environnements (IHPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), BioCampus Montpellier (BCM), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Mathématiques de Marseille (I2M), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), BioCampus (BCM), and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Cnidaria, Range (biology), Single-nucleotide polymorphism, Biology, DNA sequencing, 03 medical and health sciences, cnidaria, Genetics, lcsh:Science, Gene, Allele frequency, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Corallium rubrum, Multidisciplinary, corallium rubrum, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], RAD-sequencing, biology.organism_classification, Sexual reproduction, genetic sex determination, Multicellular organism, 030104 developmental biology, [ SDV.BID.EVO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], lcsh:Q, rad-sequencing, Research Article
Abstract: Sexual reproduction is widespread among eukaryotes, and the sex-determining processes vary greatly among species. While genetic sex determination (GSD) has been intensively described in bilaterian species, no example has yet been recorded among non-bilaterians. However, the quasi-ubiquitous repartition of GSD among multicellular species suggests that similar evolutionary forces can promote this system, and that these forces could occur also in non-bilaterians. Studying sex determination across the range of Metazoan diversity is indeed important to understand better the evolution of this mechanism and its lability. We tested the existence of sex-linked genes in the gonochoric red coral ( Corallium rubrum , Cnidaria) using restriction site-associated DNA sequencing. We analysed 27 461 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 354 individuals from 12 populations including 53 that were morphologically sexed. We found a strong association between the allele frequencies of 472 SNPs and the sex of individuals, suggesting an XX/XY sex-determination system. This result was confirmed by the identification of 435 male-specific loci. An independent test confirmed that the amplification of these loci enabled us to identify males with absolute certainty. This is the first demonstration of a GSD system among non-bilaterian species and a new example of its convergence in multicellular eukaryotes.
Published: 2017

31. Autosomal recessive variations of TBX6 , from congenital scoliosis to spondylocostal dysostosis

Author: Yannis Duffourd, Nolwenn Jean-Marçais, Charlotte Poe, Julien Thevenon, Geneviève Pierquin, P. Callier, B. Demeer, Mathilde Lefebvre, Jean-Baptiste Rivière, Christel Thauvin-Robinet, Laurence Faivre, Thibaud Jouan, Florence Petit, Alain Verloes, Judith St-Onge, Génétique des Anomalies du Développement ( GAD ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -IFR100 - Structure fédérative de recherche Santé-STIC, FHU TRANSLAD, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand ( CHU Dijon ), AP-HP Hôpital universitaire Robert-Debré [Paris], CHU Dijon, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale ( IMBE ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse ( UAPV ), Anthropologie bio-culturelle, Droit, Ethique et Santé ( ADES ), Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -EFS ALPES MEDITERRANEE-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre de Génétique Humaine, Université de Liège-CHU Liège, CHU Amiens-Picardie, Centre de génétique - Centre de référence des maladies rares, anomalies du développement et syndromes malformatifs (CHU de Dijon), Génétique des Anomalies du Développement (GAD), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-IFR100 - Structure fédérative de recherche Santé-STIC, FHU TRANSLAD (CHU de Dijon), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Anthropologie bio-culturelle, Droit, Ethique et Santé (ADES), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-EFS ALPES MEDITERRANEE-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Candidate gene, Genotype, Scoliosis, 030105 genetics & heredity, Compound heterozygosity, 03 medical and health sciences, [ SDV.MHEP ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, Genetics, medicine, Inheritance Mode, Missense mutation, Humans, Abnormalities, Multiple, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Child, Genetics (clinical), Hernia, Diaphragmatic, business.industry, Haplotype, Infant, medicine.disease, Spondylocostal dysostosis, Spine, 3. Good health, Pedigree, 030104 developmental biology, Haplotypes, Child, Preschool, Mutation, Female, business, Haploinsufficiency, T-Box Domain Proteins, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract: International audience; Proximal 16p11.2 microdeletions are recurrent microdeletions with an overall prevalence of 0.03%. In patients with segmentation defects of the vertebra (SDV), a burden of this microdeletion was observed with TBX6 as a candidate gene for SDV. In a published cohort of patients with congenital scoliosis (CS), TBX6 haploinsufficiency was compound heterozygous with a common haplotype. Besides, a single three-generation family with spondylocostal dysostosis (SCD) was reported with a heterozygous stop-loss of TBX6. These observations questioned both on the inheritance mode and on the variable expressivity associated with TBX6-associated SDV. Based on a national recruitment of 56 patients with SDV, we describe four patients with variable SDV ranging from CS to SCD associated with biallelic variations of TBX6. Two patients with CS were carrying a proximal 16p11.2 microdeletion associated with the previously reported haplotype. One patient with extensive SDV was carrying a proximal 16p11.2 microdeletion associated with a TBX6 rare missense change. One patient with a clinical diagnosis of SCD was compound heterozygous for two TBX6 rare missense changes. The three rare variants were affecting the chromatin-binding domain. Our data illustrate the variable expressivity of recessive TBX6 ranging from CS to SCD.
Published: 2017

32. Lateglacial-Holocene abrupt vegetation changes at Lago Trifoglietti in Calabria, Southern Italy: The setting of ecosystems in a refugial zone

Author: Giovanni Zanchetta, Liliana Bernardo, Sabine Wulf, Jacques-Louis de Beaulieu, Frédéric Guiter, Odile Peyron, Elisabetta Brugiapaglia, Damien Rius, Sébastien Joannin, Agnès Stock, Michel Magny, Julien Didier, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale ( IMBE ), Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse ( UAPV ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Dipartimento de Scienze Animali, Vegetali e dell' Ambiente, Università del Molise, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Dipartimiento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Pisa, Laboratoire de chrono-écologie ( LCE ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226, University of Pisa - Università di Pisa, Università degli Studi del Molise = University of Molise (UNIMOL), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, Archeology, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Evolution, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, 01 natural sciences, Lago Trifoglietti, [ SDE ] Environmental Sciences, Behavior and Systematics, Ice age, [ SDU.ENVI ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Glacial period, Younger Dryas, Stadial, Glacial refuges, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Holocene, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Global and Planetary Change, Archeology (arts and humanities), Ecology, Temperate forest, Calabrian Mountains, Lake sediments, LGI-early Holocene, Pollen record, Preboreal oscillation, Tephrochronology, Geology, 15. Life on land, [ SDE.MCG ] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Deciduous, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [ SDU ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]
Abstract: International audience; Retrospective science such as palaeoecology deeply depends on the preservation of archives in sensitive places. As an example, mountains of medium altitude from Mediterranean peninsulas have long been identified by biogeographers as refuges zones allowing the survival of European temperate taxa during the ice ages, but archives to validate this hypothesis are scarce, especially in Southern Italy. Here we present a new sequence from Lago Trifoglietti (1048 m a.s.l.) in the Calabrian Mountains, which covers the Late Glacial Interstadial (LGI, corresponding to the Bolling€-Allerod€ period in northern-central Europe) and the transition to the Holocene. The independent chronology based on seven radiocarbon dates is supported by the evidence of three tephra layers already identified in other regional sequences. During the LGI, besides the high diversity of non arboreal pollen grains, a great number of pollens of temperate forest trees are present or abundant (mostly deciduous oaks and fir). These assemblages suggest that the site was above but not far from the upper limit of diversified woodland stands. They confirm a local survival during the last glacial. The Younger Dryas is not marked by major changes, and oak percentages are even higher, suggesting a resilient expansion at lower altitude. Surprisingly the site remains above the timberline until an aridity crisis centered at 11,100 cal 14 C yr PB, which is correlated with the Pre-boreal Oscillation (PBO). This event is immediately followed by the local settlement of a dense fir and beech forest around the lake. A comparison with other Italian key sequences aims at explaining the climate forcing factors that governed this original vegetation dynamic. Further investigations using additional proxies are needed for a more robust climate reconstruction. (O. Peyron), l.bernardo@unical.it (L. Bernardo), Julien.Didier@ univ-fcomte.fr (J. Didier), agnes.stock@univ-fcomte.fr (A. Stock), Damien.Rius@ univ-fcomte.fr (D. Rius), Michel.Magny@univ-fcomte.fr (M. Magny).
Published: 2017

33. A multispecies approach reveals hot spots and cold spots of diversity and connectivity in invertebrate species with contrasting dispersal modes

Author: Bastien Mérigot, Anne Chenuil, Sophie Dubois, Jean-Baptiste Ledoux, Emilie Boissin, Abigail E. Cahill, Didier Aurelle, Alexandra Anh-Thu Weber, Zoheir Bouzaza, Emilie Egea, Olivier Chabrol, Aurélien De Jode, Romain David, CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae (EBEA), Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (UC)-Universidad Austral de Chile-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Abdelhamid Ibn Badis de Mostaganem, Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherches insulaires et observatoire de l'environnement (CRIOBE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Excellence CORAIL (LabEX CORAIL), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC)-Institut d'écologie et environnement-Université des Antilles (UA), Institut de Mathématiques de Marseille (I2M), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Institute of Marine Sciences / Institut de Ciències del Mar [Barcelona] (ICM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIMAR/CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Ouest]), University of Basel (Unibas), Aix-Marseille Université, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal), Université Abdelhamid Ibn Badis Mostaganem, European Commission, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale ( IMBE ), Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse ( UAPV ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae ( EBEA ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile-Universidad Austral de Chile-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie ( MIO ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Université de Toulon ( UTLN ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre de recherches insulaires et observatoire de l'environnement ( CRIOBE ), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia ( UPVD ) -École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire d'Excellence CORAIL ( LabEX CORAIL ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Université des Antilles et de la Guyane ( UAG ) -École des hautes études en sciences sociales ( EHESS ) -École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer ( IFREMER ) -Université de la Réunion ( UR ) -Université de la Polynésie Française ( UPF ) -Université de Nouvelle Calédonie-Institut d'écologie et environnement, Institut de Mathématiques de Marseille ( I2M ), Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Ecole Centrale de Marseille ( ECM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institute of Marine Sciences / Institut de Ciències del Mar [Barcelona] ( ICM ), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] ( CSIC ), Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental ( CIMAR/CIIMAR ), Universidade do Porto [Porto], MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation ( UMR MARBEC ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer ( IFREMER ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer ( IFREMER ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD [France-Ouest] ), University of Basel ( Unibas ), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidade do Porto = University of Porto, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Universidad Austral de Chile-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (UC), Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut d'écologie et environnement-Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC)-Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Aquatic Organisms, Population, Biology, Population structure, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Population density, Genetic diversity, Larvae, Mediterranean Sea, Genetics, Animals, 14. Life underwater, education, Species genetic diversity correlation, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Invertebrate, education.field_of_study, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDV.GEN.GPO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Geography, Ecology, Marine invertebrates, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Marine larval ecology, Genetic Variation, Species diversity, Biodiversity, Dispersal, 15. Life on land, Invertebrates, [ SDV.GEN.GPO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Genetics, Population, 13. Climate action, Larva, Genetic structure, Biological dispersal, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Animal Distribution, human activities
Abstract: Cahill, Abigail E. ... et al.-- 15 pages, 5 figures, 4 tables, supporting information https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mec.14389, data accessibility in GenBank (accession nos MG063882–MG064453), DataDryad https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.dv4 mg, GitHub https://github.com/chaby/dana, Genetic diversity is crucial for species’ maintenance and persistence, yet is often overlooked in conservation studies. Species diversity is more often reported due to practical constraints, but it is unknown if these measures of diversity are correlated. In marine invertebrates, adults are often sessile or sedentary and populations exchange genes via dispersal of gametes and larvae. Species with a larval period are expected to have more connected populations than those without larval dispersal. We assessed the relationship between measures of species and genetic diversity, and between dispersal ability and connectivity. We compiled data on genetic patterns and life history traits in nine species across five phyla. Sampling sites spanned 600 km in the northwest Mediterranean Sea and focused on a 50-km area near Marseilles, France. Comparative population genetic approaches yielded three main results. (i) Species without larvae showed higher levels of genetic structure than species with free-living larvae, but the role of larval type (lecithotrophic or planktotrophic) was negligible. (ii) A narrow area around Marseilles, subject to offshore advection, limited genetic connectivity in most species. (iii) We identified sites with significant positive contributions to overall genetic diversity across all species, corresponding with areas near low human population densities. In contrast, high levels of human activity corresponded with a negative contribution to overall genetic diversity. Genetic diversity within species was positively and significantly linearly related to local species diversity. Our study suggests that local contribution to overall genetic diversity should be taken into account for future conservation strategies, Funding was provided by DEVOTES (DEVelopment Of innovative Tools for understanding marine biodiversity and assessing good Environmental Status), funded by the European Union under the 7th FRAMEWORK Programme, “The Ocean of Tomorrow” (grant agreement no. 308392), www.devotes-project.eu, and by La Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie de l’Université Abdelhamid Ibn Badis, Mostaganem, Algeria (ZB) and the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia; FCT; Postdoctoral grant SFRH/BPD/74400/2010; JBL). This work is a contribution to Labex OT-Med (n° ANR-11-LABX-0061) and has received funding from Excellence Initiative of Aix-Marseille University - A*MIDEX, a French “Investissements d’Avenir” programme”
Published: 2017

34. Do benthic invertebrates use hyporheic refuges during streambed drying? A manipulative field experiment in nested hyporheic flowpaths

Author: D. Martin, Cécile Claret, Chafik Maazouzi, Bernard Cellot, Pierre Marmonier, Marie-José Dole-Olivier, Diana M. P. Galassi, Frank Fiers, Écologie, Évolution, Écosystemes Souterrains, Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.)-Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.)-Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE), Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Università degli Studi dell'Aquila [L'Aquila] (UNIVAQ.IT), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU), Équipe 3 - Écologie, Évolution, Écosystemes Souterrains (E3S), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli Studi dell'Aquila = University of L'Aquila (UNIVAQ), Institut Universitaire de France ( IUF ), Ministère de l'Éducation nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche ( M.E.N.E.S.R. ) -Ministère de l'Éducation nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche ( M.E.N.E.S.R. ) -Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés ( LEHNA ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État ( ENTPE ) -Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État ( ENTPE ) -Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Università degli Studi dell'Aquila [L'Aquila] ( UNIVAQ.IT ), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale ( IMBE ), Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse ( UAPV ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés ( LEHNA ), Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences ( RBINS ), and Università degli Studi dell'Aquila (UNIVAQ)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, River ecosystem, Riffle, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Floodplain, Context (language use), Aquatic Science, 01 natural sciences, nested flowpaths, hyporheic exchanges, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Hyporheic zone, 14. Life underwater, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Hydrology, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, geography, [ SDU.STU.GM ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, biology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Baetis, Biota, geomorphology, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, invertebrates, [ SDV.EE.ECO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, 13. Climate action, Benthic zone, streambed drying, refuge, Environmental science, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: International audience; The existence of resilience mechanisms related to a disturbance, such as invertebrate migrations into the hyporheic zone (HZ, saturated subsurface interstices), promotes persistence of benthic communities in river ecosystems. Water exchanges through the HZ, which influence the distribution of biota, are heterogeneous at different scales, determining nested hyporheic flowpaths. The effect of these nested exchanges on the use of the hyporheic refuges by benthic invertebrates is still unknown. We simulated streambed drying in a stream section where hydrological exchanges were considered at riffle (upstream or downstream of riffles) and floodplain (downstream end of a floodplain) scales. Physicochemical indicators determined that local hyporheic flowpaths (up-and downwelling zones) were nested in a large-scale downwelling section of the river. In this situation, the effect of 24 h of experimental drying on the distribution of invertebrates was examined at three sediment depths to follow their migrations into the HZ. Whereas invertebrate assemblages did not change in the control channel, abundance of benthic invertebrate increased in the HZ of the impact channel (up to seven-fold). Changes occurred rapidly (15-24 h) and only upstream of riffle where surface water down-welled. The migration was taxon-specific and concerned the most abundant benthic taxa that temporarily colonize the HZ (''temporary hyporheos,'' e.g., Leuctra cf. fusca, Baetis sp., Caenis sp., Orthocladiinae, Tanypodinae). In the context of climate change, hyporheic refuge use will promote persistence of communities facing the increasing frequency of extreme hydrological events. Improved knowledge about the distribution and function of these refuges is becoming crucial for river managers.
Published: 2017

35. Marine Biodiversity - Warming vs. Biological Invasions and overfishing in the Mediterranean Sea: Take care, ‘One Train can hide another’

Author: Charles F. Boudouresque, Delphine Thibault, Thierry Perez, Thierry Thibaut, Christophe Lejeusne, Aurélie Blanfuné Catherine Fern, Marc Verlaque, rine Ruitton, Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU), Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie ( MIO ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Université de Toulon ( UTLN ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale ( IMBE ), Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse ( UAPV ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] ( SBR ), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Biodiversity, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, stakeholders, 03 medical and health sciences, [ SDV.EE.BIO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Bioclimatology, Mediterranean Sea, 14. Life underwater, Ecosystem diversity, Biological invasions, Seascape, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Overfishing, Ecology, Global warming, Species diversity, General Medicine, 15. Life on land, Scuba diving, [ SDE.MCG ] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, 030104 developmental biology, Geography, 13. Climate action, Species richness, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDV.EE.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Bioclimatology
Abstract: Biodiversity means the variety of life, encompassing levels of complexity from within species to across ecosystems. Biodiversity therefore includes several dimensions: evolutionary scale (genetic, species, higher taxonomic levels and phylogenetic diversity), functional scale, organizational scale (patch, ecosystem, landscape/seascape diversity), spatial scale (from sample to local, regional and global richness) and heterogeneity diversity. Biodiversity can therefore be measured in different and complementary ways, thus involving the use of at least 200 different metrics, which can suggest different and contrasting conclusions. It is worth emphasizing that species richness may be the least appropriate metric, despite its popular acceptance. There is a growing tendency for stakeholders, managers, government officials, environmentalists, scientists, politicians and the media to focus, as concerns threats to biodiversity, on species richness and climate change. However, focusing on climate warming can mask other stressors that, today, and perhaps for decades to come, may have more impact on ecosystems than global warming. In the Mediterranean Sea, the overall impact of Non-Indigenous Species (NISs) and overfishing on species diversity, ecosystem diversity and ecosystem functioning exceeds to a greater or lesser degree the direct impact of warming. Drastically altered functioning patterns, and even new ecosystems are spreading throughout the Mediterranean Sea. This trend is likely to become more pronounced over the next decades. Ecosystem goods and services are also being profoundly altered, generally towards a decline, as illustrated by the overgrazed barren grounds of the eastern basin, which no longer support fisheries, by the impact of the Caulerpa meadows on the scuba diving business and the economic value of the fisheries of the western basin, by the brackish lagoon ecosystems and by the blooms of the introduced comb jelly Mnemiopsis leidyi in the Black Sea, before the arrival of its predator Beroe ovata. Here, we draw attention to the fact that, at this moment and probably also in the future, the huge flow of NISs and overfishing constitute worrying issues, although largely ignored by stakeholders and political authorities. Take care: Un train peut en cacher un autre (one train can hide another; i.e. one danger may hide other unsuspected dangers), that is to say the impact of warming may contribute to hiding other effects, of at least equal gravity, such as biological invasions and overfishing.
Published: 2017

36. Rotten posts and selected fuel: Charcoal analysis of the first Middle Neolithic village identified in Provence (Cazan-Le Clos du Moulin, Vernegues, Bouches-du-Rhone, South of France)

Author: Frédéric Magnin, Clément Moreau, Claire Delhon, Luke Howarth, Culture et Environnements, Préhistoire, Antiquité, Moyen-Age ( CEPAM ), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis ( UNS ), Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Archeodunum, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale ( IMBE ), Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse ( UAPV ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Archéologie des Sociétés Méditerranéennes ( ASM ), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 ( UM3 ) -Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication ( MCC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Culture et Environnements, Préhistoire, Antiquité, Moyen-Age (CEPAM), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Archéologie des Sociétés Méditerranéennes (ASM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), and Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC)
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, Resource (biology), Hearth, Chassey culture, Charcoal analysis, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Middle Neolithic, 01 natural sciences, Dozen, [ SDE ] Environmental Sciences, [ SDU.ENVI ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, 0601 history and archaeology, Charcoal, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Vegetal resources management, 060102 archaeology, Moulin, Excavation, [ SDU.STU ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, 06 humanities and the arts, Vegetation, 15. Life on land, Archaeology, Natural resource, Arbutus, Geography, visual_art, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, visual_art.visual_art_medium
Abstract: International audience; ``Cazan-Le clos du Moulin'' is an open-air Middle Neolithic site located in the South of France near the village of Vernegues. The excavation of this site has, for the first time in the area, allowed us to reconstruct up to a dozen domestic buildings from the late Chassey culture (4100-3800 BCE), arranged around an area occupied by heated stone combustion structures. Because of the partial erosion of the archaeological horizons, artefacts and ecofacts related to the Neolithic occupation were only found in the fills of structures. Charcoal analysis was carried out on samples from the postholes, the heated-stone hearths and a well. The anthracological results show a selection of natural resources depending on the use of the wood: timber or fuel. The size required for the posts can restrict the scope of the species suitable for timber: oak seems to be preferred for that purpose. On the contrary, the choice of fuel wood seems to be less constrained by technical limitations. Nevertheless, one particular species, Arbutus unedo, accounts for the bulk of the wood gathered for fuel supply, however it was certainly not the only woody resource available during the Middle Neolithic. Overall, charcoal analysis at Cazan-Le Clos du Moulin shows that wood harvesting - as recorded in the fills of structures - is selective. This selection could be imposed by purely technical requirements that we can only partly perceive or by cultural necessity which remains beyond our understanding, but, beyond this, the choices are probably guided by land and vegetation resource management in order to permit the coexistence of various wood-consuming activities in a single territory and to favor the exploitation of easily accessible fuel. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA. All rights reserved.
Published: 2017

37. Linking current river pollution to historical pesticide use: Insights for territorial management?

Author: Thierry Woignier, Joanne Plet, Philippe Cattan, Magalie Jannoyer, Luc Arnaud, Jean-Marie Gaude, Abderazak Bazizi, Charles Mottes, Alexandra Jestin, Pauline Della Rossa, Fonctionnement agroécologique et performances des systèmes de cultures horticoles (UPR HORTSYS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Campus agro-environnemental Caraïbe (CAEC), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fonctionnement écologique et gestion durable des agrosystèmes bananiers et ananas (UR GECO), Flhor, Département des Productions Fruitières Horticoles, Station de Bassin-Martin, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, Fonctionnement agroécologique et performances des systèmes de cultures horticoles ( HORTSYS ), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement ( CIRAD ), unité Hortsys, Campus agro-environnemental Caraïbe ( CAEC ), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) ( BRGM ), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale ( IMBE ), Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse ( UAPV ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), UR 26, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Pollution de l'eau souterraine, H02 - Pesticides, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, [ SDE ] Environmental Sciences, F01 - Culture des plantes, Analyse du risque, Water pollution, Waste Management and Disposal, media_common, geography.geographical_feature_category, Pollution de l'eau, U10 - Informatique, mathématiques et statistiques, [ SDU.STU ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Pollution, Soil contamination, 6. Clean water, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Martinique, P02 - Pollution, Modèle mathématique, Environmental Engineering, Watershed, Distribution géographique, media_common.quotation_subject, Cours d'eau, Gestion du risque, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Aquifer, Pollution par l'agriculture, Aménagement du territoire, Histoire, [ SDU.ENVI ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Environmental Chemistry, Contamination chimique, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Hydrology, geography, Cartographie, Musa, 15. Life on land, Pesticide, 13. Climate action, Soil water, Environmental science, Chlordécone, Groundwater
Abstract: International audience; Persistent organic pollutants like organochlorine pesticides continue to contaminate large areas worldwide raising questions concerning their management. We designed and tested a method to link soil and water pollution in the watershed of the Galion River in Martinique. We first estimated the risk of soil contamination by chlordecone by referring to past use of land for banana cultivation and took 27 soil samples. We then sampled surface waters at 39 points and groundwater at 16 points. We tested three hypotheses linked to the source of chlordecone pollution at the watershed scale: (i) soils close to the river, (ii) soils close to the sampling point, (iii) throughout the sub-watershed generated at the sampling point. Graphical and statistical analysis showed that contamination of the river increased when it passed through an area with contaminated plots and decreased when it passed through area not contaminated by chlordecone. Modeling showed that the entire surface area of the watershed contributed to river pollution, suggesting that the river was mainly being contaminated by the aquifers and groundwater flows. Our method proved to be a reliable way to identify areas polluted by chlordecone at the watershed scale and should help stakeholders focus their management actions on both hot spots and the whole watershed. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Published: 2017

38. An integrated method to evaluate and monitor the conservation state of coralligenous habitats: the INDEX-COR approach

Author: Enric Ballesteros, Stéphane Sartoretto, Boris Daniel, Carla Morri, Eric Charbonnel, Jean-Pierre Féral, Sandrine Ruitton, Sylvain Blouet, Giulia Gatti, Thomas Schohn, Marc Verlaque, Joaquim Garrabou, Romain David, Carlo Nike Bianchi, IFREMER - Centre de Toulon/La Seyne Sur Mer ( IFREMER ), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer ( IFREMER ), Department of Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences ( DISTAV ), Universita degli studi di Genova, Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie ( MIO ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Université de Toulon ( UTLN ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre d'Estudis Avançats de Blanes ( CEAB ), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] ( CSIC ), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 ( UM3 ), Parc Marin de la Côte Bleue, AMP Agde France, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale ( IMBE ), Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse ( UAPV ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), IFREMER - Centre de Toulon/La Seyne Sur Mer (IFREMER), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Department of Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences (DISTAV), Institute of Marine Sciences / Institut de Ciències del Mar [Barcelona] (ICM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Centre d'Estudis Avançats de Blanes (CEAB), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN), Agence Française pour la Biodiversité (AFB), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli studi di Genova = University of Genoa (UniGe), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Mediterranean climate, Coralligenous reef, ecological status, [ SPI.SIGNAL ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, Aquatic Science, Ecological indicator, Oceanography, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, [ SDE.IE ] Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, Structural complexity, Mediterranean sea, seafloor integrity, Mediterranean Sea, Animals, 14. Life underwater, Reef, Ecosystem, Hydrology, geography, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, geography.geographical_feature_category, Coral Reefs, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, Ecological status, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, ecological indicator, Sampling (statistics), Biodiversity, Pollution, Habitat, Environmental science, Seafloor integrity, Species richness, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, coralligenous reef
Abstract: 10 páginas, 3 figuras, 4 tablas., A new method based on photographic sampling coupled with in situ observations was applied to 53 stations along the French Mediterranean coast, to assess the integrity of coralligenous reefs affected by different levels of anthropogenic pressure. The conservation state of the assemblages characterizing these habitats was then assessed by an index – the INDEX-COR – that integrates three metrics: (i) the sensitivity of the taxa to organic matter and sediment deposition, (ii) the observable taxonomic richness, and (iii) the structural complexity of the assemblages. The sensitivity of INDEX-COR was tested and showed good correlation with the Level of Pressure calculated for each station according to expert judgment and field observations., We would like to thank the French Protected Marine Areas Agency (AAMP) for its financial support to this project (convention n°3211545/ F). We also thank the Marine Protected Areas involved in the INDEXFig. 3. Color-coded representation of the conservation state of coralligenous habitats along the coasts of Provence. Orange: poor status; yellow: moderate status; green: good status; blue: high status. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) S. Sartoretto et al. Marine Pollution Bulletin xxx (xxxx) xxx–xxx 8 COR program for their technical support (boats and divers), especially the directors and the staff of the “Parc Marin de la Côte Bleue”, the “Observatoire Marin du Littoral des Maures” and the “Aire Marine Protégée de la Côte Agathoise”. This work was also supported by the ERA-NET (SeasEra) CIGESMED Program (contract 2014/3/3211985).
Published: 2017

39. An ecosystem-based approach to assess the status of Mediterranean algae-dominated shallow rocky reefs

Author: Jean-Christophe Poggiale, Mireille Harmelin-Vivien, Bernat Hereu, Aurelie Blanfuné, Denise Bellan-Santini, Sandrine Ruitton, Simona Bussotti, Charles F. Boudouresque, Adrien Cheminée, Sébastien Personnic, Emma Cebrian, Sandrine Derrien-Courtel, Paolo Guidetti, Jean-Michel Culioli, Enric Ballesteros, Marc Verlaque, Thierry Thibaut, Carla Morri, Carlo Nike Bianchi, Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie ( MIO ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Université de Toulon ( UTLN ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), INRA UMR 42, Centre alpin de recherche sur les réseaux trophiques des écosystèmes limniques, station INRA d’hydrobiologie lacustre, équipe d’écologie microbienne aquatique, Centre d'Estudis Avancats de Blanes (CEAB-CSIC), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale ( IMBE ), Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse ( UAPV ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Department of Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences ( DISTAV ), Universita degli studi di Genova, Laboratoire de Mécanique de Lille - FRE 3723 ( LML ), Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies-Ecole Centrale de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre d'Estudis Avançats de Blanes ( CEAB ), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] ( CSIC ), Ecosystèmes Côtiers Marins et Réponses aux Stress ( ECOMERS ), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis ( UNS ), Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ), Réserve Naturelle des Bouches de Bonifacio, Office Environnement Corse, Station de Biologie Marine de Concarneau, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ( MNHN ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Alpin de Recherche sur les Réseaux Trophiques et Ecosystèmes Limniques (CARRTEL), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU), Department of Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences (DISTAV), Laboratoire de Mécanique de Lille - FRE 3723 (LML), Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies-Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Estudis Avançats de Blanes (CEAB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Ecosystèmes Côtiers Marins et Réponses aux Stress (ECOMERS), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Direction générale déléguée à la Recherche, à l’Expertise, à la Valorisation et à l’Enseignement-Formation (DGD.REVE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN), Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies-Centrale Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli studi di Genova = University of Genoa (UniGe), and Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Mediterranean climate, Index (economics), media_common.quotation_subject, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, Biological indicator, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Models, Biological, [ SDE ] Environmental Sciences, Marine Strategy Framework Directive, Mediterranean sea, Mediterranean Sea, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, Reef, media_common, Photophilic algae, geography, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, geography.geographical_feature_category, business.industry, Coral Reefs, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Environmental resource management, Reproducibility of Results, Biological indicators, Seaweed, Pollution, Biota, Weighting, Photophilic algae, Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD), Biological indicator, Mediterranean Sea, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Conceptual model, Environmental science, Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD), [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract: Este artículo contiene 18 páginas, 4 figuras, 5 tablas., A conceptual model was constructed for the functioning the algae-dominated rocky reef ecosystem of the Mediterranean Sea. The Ecosystem-Based Quality Index (reef-EBQI) is based upon this model. This index meets the objectives of the EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive. It is based upon (i) the weighting of each compartment, according to its importance in the functioning of the ecosystem; (ii) biological parameters assessing the state of each compartment; (iii) the aggregation of these parameters, assessing the quality of the ecosystemfunctioning, for each site; (iv) and a Confidence Index measuring the reliability of the index, for each site. The reef- EBQI was used at 40 sites in the northwestern Mediterranean. It constitutes an efficient tool, because it is based upon awide set of functional compartments, rather than upon just a fewspecies; it is easy and inexpensive to implement, robust and not redundant with regard to already existing indices., This study was funded by Agence de l'Eau Rhône Méditerranée & Corse (CT2014ZEAAMPO) (Pierre Boissery).
Published: 2017

40. Patterns and dynamics of European vegetation change over the last 15,000 years

Author: Simon Brewer, Walter Finsinger, Richard H. W. Bradshaw, Thomas Giesecke, Michelle Leydet, Department of Palynology and Climate Dynamics, Georg-August-University [Göttingen]-Georg-August-University [Göttingen], University of Utah, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU), University of Liverpool, University of Göttingen-University of Göttingen, Palaeoecology, Laboratory of Palaeobotany and Palynology, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale ( IMBE ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse ( UAPV ), School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Department of Geography, University of Liverpool-University of Liverpool, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement de géosciences de l'environnement ( CEREGE ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Collège de France ( CdF ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier ( ISEM ), Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse ( UAPV ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen-Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), and Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010506 paleontology, migrational lag, [ SDV.BV.BOT ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Population, Climate change, medicine.disease_cause, global warming, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, [ SDV.SA.SF ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Silviculture, forestry, [ SHS.GEO ] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, Pollen, medicine, [ SDU.ENVI ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, education, [ SDV.BIBS ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM], Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Holocene, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, spread of trees, education.field_of_study, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Ecology, Global warming, Vegetation, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, 15. Life on land, Europe, [ SDE.MCG ] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Geography, 13. Climate action, EPD, European Pollen Database, post-glacial, pollen, Biological dispersal, Physical geography, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [ SDE.ES ] Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society
Abstract: International audience; Aim: Palaeoecological reconstructions document past vegetation change, with estimates of fast shifts in species distributions. The resulting rates of plant spread are often not matched by model simulations of climate-driven vegetation dynamics. Genetic surveys of extant plant populations document directions of the post-glacial spread of trees, challenging traditional interpretations. Our aim is to examine an updated continental pollen data set from Europe in the light of the new ideas about vegetation dynamics emerging from genetic research and vegetation modelling studies. LocationEurope.Methods: We use pollen data from the European Pollen Database (EPD) to construct interpolated maps of pollen percentages documenting changes in the distribution and abundance of major plant genera and the grass family in Europe over the last 15,000years.Results: Our analyses confirm high rates of post-glacial spread with at least 1000myear(-1) for Corylus, Ulmus and Alnus and average rates of 400myear(-1) for Tilia, Quercus, Fagus and Carpinus. The late Holocene expansions of Picea and Fagus populations in many European regions cannot be explained by migrational lag. Both taxa shift their population centres towards the Atlantic coast suggesting that climate may have played a role in the timing of their expansions. The slowest rates of spread were reconstructed for Abies.Main conclusions: The calculated rates of post-glacial plant spread are higher in Europe than those from North America, which may be due to more rapid shifts in climate mediated by the Gulf Stream and westerly winds. Late Holocene anthropogenic land use practices in Europe had major effects on individual taxa, which in combination with climate change contributed to shifts in areas of abundance and dominance. The high rates of spread calculated from the European pollen data are consistent with rapid tracking of early Holocene climate change by common tree species, documenting that plants can spread fast tracing their climate space, regardless of their dispersal strategy.
Published: 2017

41. Precipitation changes in the Mediterranean basin during the Holocene from terrestrial and marine pollen record. A model-data comparison

Author: Peyron, Odile, Combourieu-Nebout, Nathalie, Brayshaw, David, Goring, Simon, Andrieu-Ponel, Valérie, Desprat, Stéphanie, Fletcher, Will, Gambin, Belinda, Ioakim, Chryssanthi, Joannin, Sébastien, Kotthoff, Ulrich, Kouli, Katerina, Montade, Vincent, Pross, Jörg, Sadori, Laura, Magny, Michel, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] ( LSCE ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), University of Reading ( UOR ), Department of Biological Sciences [Burnaby], Simon Fraser University ( SFU.ca ), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale ( IMBE ), Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse ( UAPV ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), UMR 5805 Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux ( EPOC ), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers ( OASU ), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Department of Geosciences, Universität Hamburg ( UHH ), Institute of Geosciences, Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Dipartimento di biologia ambientale, Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' [Rome], Laboratoire de chrono-écologie ( LCE ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Reading (UOR), Simon Fraser University (SFU.ca), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universität Hamburg (UHH), Institute of Geosciences [Frankfurt am Main], Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome] (UNIROMA), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU), UMR 5805 Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)
Subjects: lcsh:GE1-350, Paleoclimatology -- Mediterranean Region -- Holocene, lcsh:Environmental protection, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, global and planetary change, stratigraphy, [ SDU.STU ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, paleontology, Climatic changes -- Mediterranean Region -- Holocene, [ SDE ] Environmental Sciences, lcsh:Environmental pollution, lcsh:TD172-193.5, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [ SDU.ENVI ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, lcsh:TD169-171.8, Palynology -- Mediterranean Region -- Holocene, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, lcsh:Environmental sciences, Precipitation variability -- Mediterranean Region -- Holocene
Abstract: Climate evolution of the Mediterranean region during the Holocene exhibits strong spatial and temporal variability, which is notoriously difficult for models to reproduce. We propose here a new proxy-based climate synthesis synthesis and its comparison – at a regional (∼ 100 km) level – with a regional climate model to examine (i) opposing northern and southern precipitation regimes and (ii) an east-to-west precipitation dipole during the Holocene across the Mediterranean basin. Using precipitation estimates inferred from marine and terrestrial pollen archives, we focus on the early to mid-Holocene (8000 to 6000 cal yr BP) and the late Holocene (4000 to 2000 cal yr BP), to test these hypotheses on a Mediterranean-wide scale. Special attention was given to the reconstruction of season-specific climate information, notably summer and winter precipitation. The reconstructed climatic trends corroborate the north–south partition of precipitation regimes during the Holocene. During the early Holocene, relatively wet conditions occurred in the south–central and eastern Mediterranean regions, while drier conditions prevailed from 45° N northwards. These patterns then reverse during the late Holocene. With regard to the existence of a west–east precipitation dipole during the Holocene, our results show that the strength of this dipole is strongly linked to the reconstructed seasonal parameter; early-Holocene summers show a clear east–west division, with summer precipitation having been highest in Greece and the eastern Mediterranean and lowest over Italy and the western Mediterranean. Summer precipitation in the east remained above modern values, even during the late-Holocene interval. In contrast, winter precipitation signals are less spatially coherent during the early Holocene but low precipitation is evidenced during the late Holocene. A general drying trend occurred from the early to late Holocene, particularly in the central and eastern Mediterranean. For the same time intervals, pollen-inferred precipitation estimates were compared with model outputs, based on a regional-scale downscaling (HadRM3) of a set of global climate-model simulations (HadAM3). The high-resolution detail achieved through the downscaling is intended to enable a better comparison between site-based paleo-reconstructions and gridded model data in the complex terrain of the Mediterranean; the model outputs and pollen-inferred precipitation estimates show some overall correspondence, though modeled changes are small and at the absolute margins of statistical significance. There are suggestions that the eastern Mediterranean experienced wetter summer conditions than present during the early and late Holocene; the drying trend in winter from the early to the late Holocene also appears to be simulated. The use of this high-resolution regional climate model highlights how the inherently patchy nature of climate signals and paleo-records in the Mediterranean basin may lead to local signals that are much stronger than the large-scale pattern would suggest. Nevertheless, the east-to-west division in summer precipitation seems more marked in the pollen reconstruction than in the model outputs. The footprint of the anomalies (like today, or dry winters and wet summers) has some similarities to modern analogue atmospheric circulation patterns associated with a strong westerly circulation in winter (positive Arctic Oscillation–North Atlantic Oscillation (AO–NAO)) and a weak westerly circulation in summer associated with anticyclonic blocking; however, there also remain important differences between the paleo-simulations and these analogues. The regional climate model, consistent with other global models, does not suggest an extension of the African summer monsoon into the Mediterranean. Therefore, the extent to which summer monsoonal precipitation may have existed in the southern and eastern Mediterranean during the mid-Holocene remains an outstanding question., peer-reviewed
Published: 2017

42. The well sorted fine sand community from the western Mediterranean Sea: A resistant and resilient marine habitat under diverse human pressures

Author: Samir Grimes, Gérard Bellan, Claudio Lardicci, Ali Bakalem, Jean-Claude Dauvin, Elena Balestri, Claire Delecrin, Alexandrine Baffreau, Rafael Sardá, Morphodynamique Continentale et Côtière (M2C), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École Nationale Supérieure d’Agronomie [Alger] (ENSA), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Pisa - Università di Pisa, Centre d'Estudis Avançats de Blanes, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences de la Mer et de l'Aménagement du Littoral (ESSMAL), Morphodynamique Continentale et Côtière ( M2C ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Rouen Normandie ( UNIROUEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Université de Caen Normandie ( UNICAEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ), École Nationale Supérieure d’Agronomie [Alger] ( ENSA ), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale ( IMBE ), Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse ( UAPV ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Università di Pisa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] ( CSIC ), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences de la Mer et de l'Aménagement du Littoral ( ESSMAL ), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Mediterranean climate, Aquatic Organisms, Benthic structure, Biological Traits, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, 010501 environmental sciences, Toxicology, 01 natural sciences, Mediterranean sea, Macrobenthos, Mediterranean Sea, Animals, 14. Life underwater, Ecosystem, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Trophic level, Benthic indices, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Diversity, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Biological Traits Analysis, Marine habitats, Analysis Human pressures, Biodiversity, General Medicine, 15. Life on land, Invertebrates, Pollution, Mediterranean Sea, Diversity, Benthic structure, Benthic indices, Biological Traits Analysis, Human pressures, Geography, Oceanography, Italy, Spain, 13. Climate action, Benthic zone, Algeria, Indicator species, Human pressures, France, Species richness, Biological traits analysis, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract: Este artículo contiene 16 páginas, 5 figurtas, 6 tablas, 3 apéndices con 3 tablas., The Biocoenosis of Well Sorted Fine Sands (WSFS) (SFBC, Sables Fins Bien Calibr es in French) is a Mediterranean community very well delimited by bathymetry (2e25 m) and sedimentology (>90% of fine sand) occurring in zones with relatively strong hydrodynamics. In this study focused on sites located along the Algerian, French, Italian and Spanish coasts of the Western Basin of the Mediterranean Sea (WBMS) we aim to compare the structure, ecological status and diversity of the macrofauna of the WSFS and examine the effects of recent human pressures on the state of this shallow macrobenthic community. We assess the ecological status and functioning of these WSFS using three categories of benthic indices: a) five indices based on classification of species into ecological groups, AMBI, BO2A, BPOFA, IQ and IP, b) the ITI index based on classification of species in trophic groups, and c) the Shannon H’ index, and the Biological Traits Analysis (BTA), which is an alternative method to relative taxon composition analysis and integrative indices. Cluster analyses show that each zone show a particular taxonomic richness and dominant species. The seven benthic indices reveal that the macrobenthos of the WSFS of the four coastal zones show good or high Quality Status, except for one location on the Algerian coast (the Djendjen site) in 1997. BTA highlights the presence of three groups of species: 1) typical characteristic species; 2) indicator species of enrichment of fine particles and organic matter, and 3) coarse sand species which are accessorily found on fine sand. Finally, the WSFS which are naturally subject to regular natural physical perturbations show a high resilience after human pressures but are very sensitive to changes in the input of organic matter., The authors thank the MEDISCAN programme for the Camargue Data, the Italian Research was funded by University of Pisa (Lardicci 308/2004) with the technical help of the Environmental Protection Regional Agency of Tuscany (ARPA Toscana).
Published: 2017

43. Photodegradation of typical Mediterranean plant litters: variations with Quercus species and the leaf-surface exposed

Author: Farnet da Silva, Anne-Marie, Foli, Lisa, Boudenne, Jean-Luc, Ziarelli, Fabio, Rebufa, Catherine, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chimie de l'environnement (LCE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Spectropôle - Aix Marseille Université (AMU SPEC), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Cuticle, Forestry, Plant Science, FTIR-ATR, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDV.EE.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Bioclimatology, [CHIM.OTHE]Chemical Sciences/Other, Lignin, Chemical signature, Solid-state NMR of 13C
Abstract: International audience; Photodegradation can play a key role in litter decomposition under the context of climate change which hinders organic matter turnover because of available water scarcity. Here, we aimed at testing the effect of a two-month sunlight exposure with different radiation intensities (either in winter or summer) on the chemical signature of two typical Mediterranean species, i.e., Quercus ilex and Q. pubescens. We also tested whether the side of the leaf exposed mattered in the chemical modification observed. To do so, two holistic chemical approaches, FTIR-ATR (Fourier transform infraredattenuated total reflectance) and solid-state NMR of 13C, were used. ANOVA from solid-state NMR of 13C revealed that after exposure in summer, certain markers of lignin (phenol and aromatics) decreased in leaves whatever the Quercus spp. and it depended on the side of the leaf exposed. Lignin transformation thus occurred via dearomatization and/or dephenolization. Moreover, for both species, when leaves were exposed at their topside, their NMR chemical signatures were negatively correlated with alkyl assigned to cutin and waxes, showing that the thin layer of cuticle was attacked by photodegradation. FTIR-ATR spectra and NMR data also highlighted that a weaker irradiation (winter vs summer exposure) strongly limited lignin content decrease. Finally, lignin, cutin and wax oxidation, by enhancing the availability of polysaccharides from lignocellulose, may favor further litter transformation when suitable climate conditions (mainly humidity) are recovered.
Published: 2022

44. Bridging the gap between microclimate and microrefugia: A bottom‐up approach reveals strong climatic and biological offsets

Author: Marie Finocchiaro, Frédéric Médail, Arne Saatkamp, Katia Diadema, Daniel Pavon, Eric Meineri, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Conservatoire Botanique National Méditerranéen de Porquerolles, and This work received funding from the Région Sud Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, as part as 'Emploi Jeunes Doctorants 2020-2023' grant for the Phd Thesis of Marie Finocchiaro entitled 'Conservation de la flore face au réchauffement climatique : caractériser, cartographier et évaluer le rôle des microrefuges en région Sud-PACA', and as part as a project of the AAP 2020 n°02697 'Adaptation au changement climatique pour préserver la biodiversité régionale'.
Subjects: Global and Planetary Change, Ecology, marginal populations, temperatures, Pignatti indicator values, Oxalis acetosella, Environmental Chemistry, Mediterranean region, [SDV.EE.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Bioclimatology, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, global warming, General Environmental Science
Abstract: International audience; In the context of global warming, a clear understanding of microrefugia—microsites enabling the survival of species populations outside their main range limits—is crucial. Several studies have identified forcing factors that are thought to favor the existence of microrefugia. However, there is a lack of evidence to conclude whether, and to what extent, the climate encountered within existing microrefugia differs from the surrounding climate. To investigate this, we adopt a “bottom-up” approach, linking marginal disconnected populations to microclimate. We used the southernmost disconnected and abyssal populations of the circumboreal herbaceous plant Oxalis acetosella in Southern France to study whether populations in sites matching the definition of “microrefugia” occur in particularly favorable climatic conditions compared to neighboring control plots located at distances of between 50 to 100 m. Temperatures were recorded in putative microrefugia and in neighboring plots for approximately 2 years to quantify their thermal offsets. Vascular plant inventories were carried out to test whether plant communities also reflect microclimatic offsets. We found that current microclimatic dynamics are genuinely at stake in microrefugia. Microrefugia climates are systematically colder compared to those found in neighboring control plots. This pattern was more noticeable during the summer months. Abyssal populations showed stronger offsets compared to neighboring plots than the putative microrefugia occurring at higher altitudes. Plant communities demonstrate this strong spatial climatic variability, even at such a microscale approach, as species compositions systematically differed between the two plots, with species more adapted to colder and moister conditions in microrefugia compared to the surrounding area
Published: 2022

45. Estimates of nectar productivity through a simulation approach differ from the nectar produced in 24 h

Author: Luca Carisio, Lucie Schurr, Véronique Masotti, Marco Porporato, Gabriel Nève, Laurence Affre, Sophie Gachet, Benoît Geslin, Università degli studi di Torino = University of Turin (UNITO), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and This research was co-funded by Pernod-Ricard France® (PRF) and the ‘Association Nationale de Recherche et Technologies’ (ANRT®)
Subjects: floral traits, nectar rewards, floral resources, insect foraging, mass-flowering crops, plant-insect interactions, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract: International audience; Nectar is a key resource for numerous insects. Despite its importance, nectar productivity has mainly been assessed using one sampling method, in which the volume of nectar produced by a flower is measured after 24 h of isolation from insects (‘measured 24 h volume’ hereafter). This method assumes that nectar removal by flower-visiting insects does not affect nectar productivity. Hence, a linearity in the nectar production dynamic is assumed. The effect of nectar removal could lead to an actual volume of nectar produced per flower over 24 h being higher or lower than the measured 24 h volume. Whether the nectar productivity is influenced by insect activity still therefore needs to be assessed. In a field experiment, we estimated the nectar production dynamics of lavender (Lavandula hybrida) and fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) flowers and tested whether they met the linearity assumption. Then, we developed a simulation model to identify how different scenarios of insect foraging activity: nectar removal rate (average and maximum), and flower-selection strategies (random selection or rewarding flower selection) alter the estimated 24 h volume of nectar for both crops (‘estimated 24 h volume’ hereafter). Finally, we tested whether the estimated 24 h volume differed from the measured 24 h volume for both crops. Lavender and fennel showed equal measured 24 h volume of nectar but the produced nectar volume over 6 h suggested that a flower of lavender was more productive than a flower of fennel. Both nectar production dynamics did not meet the assumption of linearity. The simulation models showed that the estimated 24 h volume increased with maximum nectar removal rate for lavender, and the opposite was found for fennel. Rewarding selection always increased the estimated 24 h volume for fennel while for lavender a positive effect was detected at average rate of nectar removal. We found that the estimated 24 h volume was always greater than the measured 24 h volume. Our model demonstrated that the effect of insect foraging activity on flower's nectar productivity should be considered while estimating the resources produced by plants. As an alternative, measures of produced nectar volume in short time spans may be compared with the measured 24 h volume to check the reliability of this widespread method.
Published: 2022

46. The programme on ecosystem change and society (PECS) – a decade of deepening social-ecological research through a place-based focus

Author: Albert V. Norström, Bina Agarwal, Patricia Balvanera, Brigitte Baptiste, Elena M. Bennett, Eduardo Brondízio, Reinette Biggs, Bruce Campbell, Stephen R. Carpenter, Juan Carlos Castilla, Antonio J. Castro, Wolfgang Cramer, Graeme S. Cumming, María Felipe-Lucia, Joern Fischer, Carl Folke, Ruth DeFries, Stefan Gelcich, Juliane Groth, Chinwe Ifejika Speranza, Sander Jacobs, Johanna Hofmann, Terry P Hughes, David P.M. Lam, Jacqueline Loos, Amanda Manyani, Berta Martín-López, Megan Meacham, Hannah Moersberger, Harini Nagendra, Laura Pereira, Stephen Polasky, Michael Schoon, Lisen Schultz, Odirilwe Selomane, Marja Spierenburg, Institute of Economic Growth (IEG), Delhi University, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México = National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Indiana University [Bloomington], Indiana University System, Smithsonian Institution, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (UC), Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica Celso Suckow da Fonseca (Rio de Janeiro) ( CEFET/RJ), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), James Cook University (JCU), Faculty of Sustainability, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Columbia University [New York], Center of applied ecology & sustainability (CAPES), Facultad de ciencias biologicas [Santiago], Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (UC)-Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (UC), and University of Bern
Subjects: Ecology, Ecosystem social-ecological systems, PATHWAYS, GOVERNANCE, SERVICES, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, sustainability science, transformations, KNOWLEDGE SYSTEMS, co-production, LESSONS, reflexive, CITIZEN SCIENCE, Ecosystems Research, NATURES CONTRIBUTIONS, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Automotive Engineering, Christian Albert, BIODIVERSITY, valuation, ADVANCING SUSTAINABILITY, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, LEVERAGE POINTS, Nature and Landscape Conservation
Abstract: The Programme on Ecosystem Change and Society (PECS) was established in 2011, and is now one of the major international social-ecological systems (SES) research networks. During this time, SES research has undergone a phase of rapid growth and has grown into an influential branch of sustainability science. In this Perspective, we argue that SES research has also deepened over the past decade, and helped to shed light on key dimensions of SES dynamics (e.g. system feedbacks, aspects of system design, goals and paradigms) that can lead to tangible action for solving the major sustainability challenges of our time. We suggest four ways in which the growth of place-based SES research, fostered by networks such as PECS, has contributed to these developments, namely by: 1) shedding light on transformational change, 2) revealing the social dynamics shaping SES, 3) bringing together diverse types of knowledge, and 4) encouraging reflexive researchers. The Programme on Ecosystem Change and Society (PECS) was established in 2011, and is now one of the major international social-ecological systems (SES) research networks. During this time, SES research has undergone a phase of rapid growth and has grown into an influential branch of sustainability science. In this Perspective, we argue that SES research has also deepened over thepast decade, and helped to shed light on key dimensions of SES dynamics (e.g. system feedbacks, aspects of system design, goals and paradigms) that can lead to tangible action for solving the major sustainability challenges of our time. We suggest four ways in which the growth of place-based SES research, fostered by networks such as PECS, has contributed to these developments, namely by: 1)shedding light on transformational change, 2) revealing the social dynamics shaping SES, 3) bringing together diverse types of knowledge, and 4) encouraging reflexive researchers
Published: 2022

47. Contrasted levels of genetic diversity in a benthic Mediterranean octocoral: Consequences of different demographic histories?

Author: Moutassem Billah Masmoudi, Lamya Chaoui, Mohamed Hichem Kara, Nur Eda Topçu, Didier Aurelle, Pachka Hammami, Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ), Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse ( UAPV ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD [France-Ouest] ), Laboratoire Bioressources Marines, Université Badji Mokhtar de Annaba, Istanbul University, UMR 1309 Contrôle des Maladies Animales Exotiques et Emergentes, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Algerian-French collaboration program, Grant/Award Number: 12MDU853, French National Research Agency (ANR) program Adacni, Grant/Award Number: ANR-12-ADAP-0016, TUDAV (Turkish Marine Research Foundation), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Badji Mokhtar - Annaba [Annaba] (UBMA), Contrôle des maladies animales exotiques et émergentes (UMR CMAEE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Avignon Université (AU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Ouest]), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU), Université Badji Mokhtar Annaba (UBMA), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale ( IMBE ), Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse ( UAPV ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Université Badji Mokhtar - Annaba [Annaba] ( UBMA ), Contrôle des maladies animales exotiques et émergentes [Montpellier] ( CMAEE ), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement [CIRAD] : UMR15
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Mediterranean climate, Conservation genetics, microsatellite, Demographic history, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, octocoral, 03 medical and health sciences, Mediterranean sea, demographic history, eunicella cavolini, conservation genetics, mediterranean sea, Mediterranean Sea, 14. Life underwater, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Original Research, Nature and Landscape Conservation, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Genetic diversity, Ecology, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], ved/biology, 030104 developmental biology, Octocoral, Eunicella cavolini, Genetic structure, Conservation Genetics, Species richness, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: International audience; Understanding the factors explaining the observed patterns of genetic diversity is an important question in evolutionary biology. We provide the first data on the genetic structure of a Mediterranean octocoral, the yellow gorgonian Eunicella cavolini, along with insights into the demographic history of this species. We sampled populations in four areas of the Mediterranean Sea: continental France, Algeria, Turkey, and the Balearic and Corsica islands. Along French coasts, three sites were sampled at two depths (20 and 40 m). We demonstrated a high genetic structure in this species (overall FST = 0.13), and most pairwise differentiation tests were significant. We did not detect any difference between depths at the same site. Clustering analyses revealed four differentiated groups corresponding to the main geographical areas. The levels of allelic richness and heterozygosity were significantly different between regions, with highest diversity in Algeria and lowest levels in Turkey. The highest levels of private allelic richness were observed in Algeria followed by Turkey. Such contrasted patterns of genetic diversity were not observed in other Mediterranean octocorals and could be the result of different evolutionary histories. We also provide new empirical evidence of contrasting results between tests and model‐based studies of demographic history. Our results have important consequences for the management of this species.
Published: 2016

48. Otolith shape analysis and mitochondrial DNA markers distinguish three sand smelt species in the Atherina boyeri species complex in western Mediterranean

Author: A. S. Boudinar, Jean-Pierre Quignard, Didier Aurelle, Mohamed Hichem Kara, Lamya Chaoui, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale ( IMBE ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse ( UAPV ), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Species complex, Sand smelt, Aquatic Science, Atherina, Oceanography, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Mediterranean sea, mt-DNA, medicine, Mediterranean Sea, 14. Life underwater, Atherina boyeri species complex, Otolith, genetic divergence, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, biology, Ecology, Atherina boyeri, biology.organism_classification, Fourier analysis, Genetic divergence, Phylogeography, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: International audience; Atherina boyeri is a common euryhaline teleost fish in the Mediterranean and adjacent areas, which inhabits coastal and estuarine waters, including coastal lagoons and more rarely inland waters. Several recent studies have pointed the possible existence of three distinct groups or species, one lagoon/freshwater group and two `punctuated and unpunctuated on the flanks' marine groups, within an A. boyeri species complex. This study is a combined approach using otolith shape and molecular markers to better define the structure of the species in the western Mediterranean. Genetic differentiation and species delimitation among nine Atherina boyeri populations from several marine and lagoon/brakish habitat sites in Algeria, Tunisia and France were investigated using three mitochondrial (control region, Cyt b and 16S) and one nuclear markers (2nd intron of S7). For further phylogenetic and phylogeographic study, we added sequences from Genbank covering more areas (Ionian Sea, Adriatic Sea, Tyrrhenian Sea, Black Sea, Atlantic). Five groups were found. Two of them perfectly corresponded to two species already recognized Atherina presbyter and Atherina hepsetus, both living in marine waters; and three additional, including Atherina boyeri (brackish and freshwater environments) and two independent groups of marine punctated and unpunctated individuals. Those findings are corroborated by the study of the otolith contour shape of 362 individuals of seven populations from different habitats using Fourier analysis. Individuals could be discriminated into five groups based on the first two functions (Wilk's lambda = 0.07, p \textless 0.001). Samples from Ziama inlet, marine punctuated individuals and unpunctuated marine specimens from Annaba's Gulf formed three well separated groups. Specimens from Mellah and Mauguio lagoons formed another group. The last one includes individuals from Bizerte and Thau lagoons. The divergences between them strongly support the potential species within the A. boyeri species complex. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Published: 2016

49. Climate change simulation in peatland : characterization and spatio-temporal variations of Sphagnum peroxidase activities

Author: Criquet, S., Binet, Philippe, Luglia, Mathieu, Calvert, Virgile, Toussaint, Marie-Laure, Chaillan, Léa, Molina, Angel, Chiapusio, Genevieve, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), IMBE, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale ( IMBE ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse ( UAPV ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU), and Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE)
Subjects: [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [ SDV.EE.ECO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2016

50. Positive selection on sperm ion channels in a brooding brittle star: consequence of life-history traits evolution

Author: Nicolas Galtier, Anne Chenuil, Juan I. Montoya-Burgos, Laurent Abi-Rached, Aurélien Bernard, Alexandra Anh-Thu Weber, Institut de recherche sur la biologie de l'insecte ( IRBI ), Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale ( IMBE ), Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse ( UAPV ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), University of Basel (Unibas), Microbes évolution phylogénie et infections (MEPHI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Geneva [Switzerland], Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), and Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Male, Species complex, Reproductive Isolation, sperm chemotaxis, Biology, Sperm chemotaxis, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, sperm competition, Ion Channels, 03 medical and health sciences, ddc:590, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, marine invertebrate, Genetics, Animals, Selection, Genetic, education, Sperm competition, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Sperm motility, education.field_of_study, Natural selection, Competition, Marine invertebrate, Genetic Variation, Reproductive isolation, Sperm receptor, Sperm, Spermatozoa, [ SDV.MHEP.MI ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Sympatry, 030104 developmental biology, Evolutionary biology, Fertilization, ion channel, Female, Ion channel, Transcriptome, transcriptome, Echinodermata
Abstract: International audience; Closely related species are key models to investigate mechanisms leading to reproductive isolation and early stages of diversification, also at the genomic level. The brittle star cryptic species complex Ophioderma longicauda encompasses the sympatric broadcast-spawning species C3 and the internal brooding species C5. Here, we used de novo transcriptome sequencing and assembly in two closely related species displaying contrasting reproductive modes to compare their genetic diversity and to investigate the role of natural selection in reproductive isolation. We reconstructed 20 146 and 22 123 genes for C3 and C5, respectively, and characterized a set of 12 229 orthologs. Genetic diversity was 1.5-2 times higher in C3 compared to C5, confirming that species with low parental investment display higher levels of genetic diversity. Forty-eight genes were the targets of positive diversifying selection during the evolution of the two species. Notably, two genes (NHE and TetraKCNG) are sperm-specific ion channels involved in sperm motility. Ancestral sequence reconstructions show that natural selection targeted the two genes in the brooding species. This may result from an adaptation to the novel environmental conditions surrounding sperm in the brooding species, either directly affecting sperm or via an increase in male/female conflict. This phenomenon could have promoted prezygotic reproductive isolation between C3 and C5. Finally, the sperm receptors to egg chemoattractants differed between C3 and C5 in the ligand-binding region. We propose that mechanisms of species-specific gamete recognition in brittle stars occur during sperm chemotaxis (sperm attraction towards the eggs), contrary to other marine invertebrates where prezygotic barriers to interspecific hybridization typically occur before sperm-egg fusion.
Published: 2016

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