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26 results on '"Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung - Troposphäre (IEK-8)"'

1. The Added Value of Large-eddy and Storm-resolving Models for Simulating Clouds and Precipitation

Author

Sebastian Brune, Andreas Macke, Julia Windmiller, Fabian Senf, Akio Hansen, Ulrike Burkhardt, Hartwig Deneke, Susanne Crewell, Metodija Shapkalijevski, Fabian Jakub, Aiko Voigt, Clemens Simmer, Traute Crüger, Jessica Vial, Martin Köhler, Petra Friederichs, Joachim Biercamp, Rieke Heinze, Matthias Brueck, Niklas Röber, Thirza W. van Laar, Vera Schemann, Puxi Li, Leonhard Scheck, Bernhard Mayer, Ioanna Arka, Sabrina Schnitt, Guido Cioni, Nicolas Rochetin, Dela Spickermann, Montserrat Costa-Surós, Axel Seifert, Vasileios Barlakas, Günter Zängl, Karsten Peters, Cintia Carbajal Henken, Christine Nam, Nils Madenach, Norbert Kalthoff, Shweta Singh, Marek Jacob, Johan Strandgren, Ulrich Löhnert, Octave Tessiot, Panagiotis Adamidis, Stefan A. Buehler, Ann Kristin Naumann, Bjorn Stevens, Johannes Quaas, Cathy Hohenegger, Carolin Klinger, Daniel Klocke, Claudia Acquistapace, Wiebke Schubotz, Odran Sourdeval, Stefan Poll, Nikki Vercauteren, Harald Rybka, Université de Lille, CNRS, Max Planck Institute for Meteorology [MPI-M], Universität zu Köln = University of Cologne, Universität Hamburg [UHH], Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie [MPI-M], Ludwig-Maximilians University [Munich] [LMU], Hans Ertel Zentrum für Wetterforschung [Offenbach], Deutscher Wetterdienst [Offenbach] [DWD], Deutsches Klimarechenzentrum [Hamburg] [DKRZ], Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [DLR], Leibniz-Institut für Troposphärenforschung [TROPOS], Universität Bonn = University of Bonn, Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research [TROPOS], Freie Universität Berlin, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie [KIT], Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences [CAMS], Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] [CAS], Climate Service Center [Hambourg] [GERICS], Universität Leipzig, Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung - Troposphäre [IEK-8], Laboratoire d'Optique Atmosphérique (LOA) - UMR 8518, Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay [ENS Paris Saclay], Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory [LDEO], Max Planck Institute for Meteorology (MPI-M), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Universität Hamburg (UHH), Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie (MPI-M), Ludwig-Maximilians University [Munich] (LMU), Deutscher Wetterdienst [Offenbach] (DWD), Deutsches Klimarechenzentrum [Hamburg] (DKRZ), Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Leibniz-Institut für Troposphärenforschung (TROPOS), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences (CAMS), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Climate Service Center [Hambourg] (GERICS), Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht (GKSS), Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung - Troposphäre (IEK-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Laboratoire d’Optique Atmosphérique - UMR 8518 (LOA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay (ENS Paris Saclay), Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO), and Columbia University [New York]

Subjects
Convection, Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Meteorology, Cloud cover, representation of clouds and precipitation, 0211 other engineering and technologies, storm-resolving models, large-eddy simulation, clouds, precipitation, climate change, cloud-resolving models, Climate change, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Physics::Geophysics, Diurnal cycle, ddc:550, Precipitation, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, high resolution modelling, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, added value of high resolution, Storm, Earth sciences, Convective storm detection, Environmental science, Large eddy simulation
Abstract

More than one hundred days were simulated over very large domains with fine (0.156 km to 2.5 km) grid spacing for realistic conditions to test the hypothesis that storm (kilometer) and large-eddy (hectometer) resolving simulations would provide an improved representation of clouds and precipitation in atmospheric simulations. At scales that resolve convective storms (storm-resolving for short), the vertical velocity variance becomes resolved and a better physical basis is achieved for representing clouds and precipitation. Similarly to past studies we found an improved representation of precipitation at kilometer scales, as compared to models with parameterized convection. The main precipitation features (location, diurnal cycle and spatial propagation) are well captured already at kilometer scales, and refining resolution to hectometer scales does not substantially change the simu-lations in these respects. It does, however, lead to a reduction in the precipitation on the time-scales considered – most notably over the ocean in the tropics. Changes in the distribution of precipitation, with less frequent extremes are also found in simulations incorporating hectometer scales. Hectometer scales appear to be more important for the representation of clouds, and make it possible to capture many important aspects of the cloud field, from the vertical distribution of cloud cover, to the distribution of cloud sizes, and to the diel (daily) cycle. Qualitative improvements, particularly in the ability to differentiate cumulus from stratiform clouds, are seen when one reduces the grid spacing from kilometer to hectometer scales. At the hectometer scale new challenges arise, but the similarity of observed and simulated scales, and the more direct connection between the circula-tion and the unconstrained degrees of freedom make these challenges less daunting. This quality, combined with already improved simulation as compared to more parameterized models, underpins our conviction that the use and further development of storm-resolving models offers exciting opportunities for advancing understanding of climate and climate change.

Published
2020
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2. The absorption spectrum and absolute absorption cross sections of acetylperoxy radicals, CH3C(O)O2 in the near IR

Author

Emmanuel Assaf, Mohamed Assali, Hendrik Fuchs, Michael Rolletter, Christa Fittschen, Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung - Troposphäre (IEK-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Physicochimie des Processus de Combustion et de l’Atmosphère - UMR 8522 (PC2A), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lille, CNRS, Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung - Troposphäre [IEK-8], and Physicochimie des Processus de Combustion et de l’Atmosphère - UMR 8522 [PC2A]

Subjects
Radiation, Materials science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Absorption spectroscopy, Radical, Photodissociation, Analytical chemistry, Acetaldehyde, Absorption cross section, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Molecular electronic transition, [CHIM.THEO]Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, 13. Climate action, ddc:530, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-CHEM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Chemical Physics [physics.chem-ph], Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), Spectroscopy, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Acetylperoxy radicals (CH3C(O)O2) play an important role in the tropospheric chemistry. They are produced by the photooxidation of most emitted biogenic non-methane hydrocarbons. Recent studies show that the CH3C(O)O2 + HO2 reaction, which is the most important tropospheric loss reaction of acetylperoxy radicals in regions that are dominated by biogenic emissions (low NO emissions), does not only lead to radical chain terminating products but can also regenerate OH. The competing secondary chemistry, e. g., the CH3C(O)O2 self-reaction, complicate kinetic measurements. The detection of acetylperoxy radicals in previous kinetic laboratory studies was mainly done in the UV region. However, the spectral overlap of different peroxy species in this region is prone to systematic errors in the quantitative detection. These complications can be avoided, if acetylperoxy radicals are detected by absorption in the near IR.In our work, the near infrared CH3C(O)O2 spectrum was measured in the spectral ranges from 6094 cm-1 to 6180 cm-1 and 6420 cm-1 to 6600 cm-1. CH3C(O)O2 radicals were generated by pulsed photolysis of a acetaldehyde/Cl2/O2 mixture at 351 nm and were subsequently detected by time-resolved continuous-wave cavity ring-down spectroscopy (cw-CRDS). Experiments were done at 67 hPa in synthetic air and helium. The absorption cross sections of eight discrete absorption lines were determined relative to the absorption cross section of HO2, which has previously been reported.

Published
2020
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3. Evaluating the impact of chemical boundary conditions on near surface ozone in regional climate-air quality simulations over Europe

Author

Ioannis Pytharoulis, K. Markakis, Eleni Katragkou, Th. Karacostas, Prodromos Zanis, Ioannis Tegoulias, Dimitris Akritidis, Anastasia Poupkou, Martin G. Schultz, Department of Meteorology and Climatology [Thessaloniki], Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung - Troposphäre (IEK-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Laboratory of Atmospheric Physics [Thessaloniki], Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung - Troposphäre ( IEK-8 ), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Laboratory of Atmospheric Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece, Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) ( LMD ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -École polytechnique ( X ) -École des Ponts ParisTech ( ENPC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, and École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris )

Subjects
[ SDU.OCEAN ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Atmospheric Science, Meteorological reanalysis, Ozone, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Scale (ratio), Forcing (mathematics), 010501 environmental sciences, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, CAMX, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, 13. Climate action, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, Climatology, Climate model, Tropospheric ozone, [ SDU.STU.CL ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, Air quality index, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

International audience; A modeling system based on the air quality model CAMx driven off-line by the regional climate model RegCM3 is used for assessing the impact of chemical lateral boundary conditions (LBCs) on near surface ozone over Europe for the period 1996-2000. The RegCM3 and CAMx simulations were performed on a 50. km. ×. 50. km grid over Europe with RegCM3 driven by the NCEP meteorological reanalysis fields and CAMx with chemical LBCs from ECHAM5/MOZART global model. The recent past period (1996-2000) was simulated in three experiments. The first simulation was forced using time and space invariant LBCs, the second was based on ECHAM5/MOZART chemical LBCs fixed for the year 1996 and the third was based on ECHAM5/MOZART chemical LBCs with interannual variability. Anthropogenic and biogenic emissions were kept identical for the three sensitivity runs.In order to evaluate the ability of the RegCM3/CAMx modeling system and assess the impact of varying chemical LBCs, simulated surface ozone concentrations are compared against measurements from the EMEP network using various statistical metrics. The evaluation indicates that implementation of time and space variant chemical LBCs of a global chemistry transport model (CTM) improves the RegCM/CAMx performance with respect to seasonal variability, especially at stations close to the borders of the model domain over north and northwestern Europe. The modeling system reproduces the seasonal variability of ozone when LBCs from ECHAM5/MOZART model are applied for the vast majority of stations. On a seasonal basis, the varying chemical LBCs resulted in improvement of both model bias and variance of simulated versus observed ozone for all seasons. Finally taking into account all the statistical measures assessed for the comparison of RegCM3/CAMx and ECHAM5/MOZART with observed ozone, a slight improvement for the regional air quality model is indicated but this finding should be perceived with caution as the regional scale simulation and the global scale simulation have a different meteorological forcing. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.

Published
2013
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4. Homogenization of the Observatoire de Haute Provence electrochemical concentration cell (ECC) ozonesonde data record: comparison with lidar and satellite observations

Author

Gérard Ancellet, Sophie Godin-Beekmann, Herman G. J. Smit, Ryan M. Stauffer, Roeland Van Malderen, Renaud Bodichon, Andrea Pazmiño, TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), STRATO - LATMOS, Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung - Troposphäre (IEK-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Branch [ Greenbelt], NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] - Royal Meteorological Institute (IRM), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/INSU (project NDACCFrance and ACTRIS).

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Atmospheric Science, Electrochemical concentration cell, Troposphere, ddc:550, Sonde, OHP
Abstract

The Observatoire de Haute Provence (OHP) weekly electrochemical concentration cell (ECC) ozonesonde data have been homogenized for the period 1991–2021 according to the recommendations of the Ozonesonde Data Quality Assessment (O3S-DQA) panel. The assessment of the ECC homogenization benefit has been carried out using comparisons with other ozone-measuring ground-based instruments at the same station (lidar, surface measurements) and with colocated satellite observations of the O3 vertical profile by Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS). The major differences between uncorrected and homogenized ECC data are related to a change of ozonesonde type in 1997, removal of the pressure dependency of the ECC background current and correction of internal pump temperature. The original 3–4 ppbv positive bias between ECC and lidar in the troposphere is corrected with the homogenization. The ECC 30-year trends of the seasonally adjusted ozone concentrations are also significantly improved in both the troposphere and the stratosphere after the ECC homogenization, as shown by the ECC/lidar or ECC/surface ozone trend comparisons. A −0.19 % yr−1 negative trend of the normalization factor (NT) calculated using independent measurements of the total ozone column (TOC) at OHP disappears after homogenization of the ECC data. There is, however, a remaining −3.7 % negative bias in the TOC which is likely related to an underestimate of the ECC concentrations in the stratosphere above 50 hPa. Differences between TOC measured by homogenized ECC and satellite observations show a smaller bias of −1 %. Comparisons between homogenized ECC and OHP stratospheric lidar and MLS observations below 26 km are slightly negative (−2 %) or positive (+2 %), respectively. The comparisons with both lidar and satellite observations suggest that homogenization increases the negative bias of the ECC to values lower than −6 % above 28 km. The reason for this bias is still unclear, but a possible explanation might be related to freezing or evaporation of the sonde solution in the stratosphere.

Published
2022
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5. Mapping Yearly Fine Resolution Global Surface Ozone through the Bayesian Maximum Entropy Data Fusion of Observations and Model Output for 1990–2017

Author

Martin G. Schultz, Meiyun Lin, Li Zhang, Jean-Francois Lamarque, Stephanie E. Cleland, J. Jason West, M. DeLang, Simone Tilmes, Elyssa L Collins, Béatrice Josse, Michael Brauer, Sabine Schröder, Sarah A. Strode, Kengo Sudo, Xiao Lu, Lin Zhang, J. Becker, Virginie Marécal, Christoph A. Keller, Marc L. Serre, Kai-Lan Chang, Junhua Liu, Makoto Deushi, Owen R. Cooper, NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory (CSL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung - Troposphäre (IEK-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, University of Freiburg [Freiburg], Meteorological Research Institute [Tsukuba] (MRI), Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), and Météo France-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Ozone, Asia, Entropy, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Russia, chemistry.chemical_compound, Bayes' theorem, Surface ozone, Air Pollution, Environmental monitoring, Environmental Chemistry, Entropy (information theory), Humans, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Air Pollutants, Bayes Theorem, General Chemistry, Sensor fusion, United States, Weighting, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Climatology, Atmospheric chemistry, Africa, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, ddc:333.7, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract

Estimates of ground-level ozone concentrations are necessary to determine the human health burden of ozone. To support the Global Burden of Disease Study, we produce yearly fine resolution global surface ozone estimates from 1990 to 2017 through a data fusion of observations and models. As ozone observations are sparse in many populated regions, we use a novel combination of the M3Fusion and Bayesian Maximum Entropy (BME) methods. With M3Fusion, we create a multimodel composite by bias-correcting and weighting nine global atmospheric chemistry models based on their ability to predict observations (8834 sites globally) in each region and year. BME is then used to integrate observations, such that estimates match observations at each monitoring site with the observational influence decreasing smoothly across space and time until the output matches the multimodel composite. After estimating at 0.5° resolution using BME, we add fine spatial detail from an additional model, yielding estimates at 0.1° resolution. Observed ozone is predicted more accurately (R2 = 0.81 at the test point, 0.63 at 0.1°, and 0.62 at 0.5°) than the multimodel mean (R2 = 0.28 at 0.5°). Global ozone exposure is estimated to be increasing, driven by highly populated regions of Asia and Africa, despite decreases in the United States and Russia.

Published
2021
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6. A European aerosol phenomenology - 7: High-time resolution chemical characteristics of submicron particulate matter across Europe

Author

Bressi, M., Cavalli, F., Putaud, J.P., Fröhlich, R., Petit, J.-E., Aas, W., Äijälä, M., Alastuey, A., Allan, J.D., Aurela, M., Berico, M., Bougiatioti, A., Bukowiecki, N., Canonaco, F., Crenn, V., Dusanter, S., Ehn, M., Elsasser, M., Flentje, H., Graf, P., Green, D.C., Heikkinen, L., Hermann, H., Holzinger, R., Hueglin, C., Keernik, H., Kiendler-Scharr, A., Kubelová, L., Lunder, C., Maasikmets, M., Makeš, O., Malaguti, A., Mihalopoulos, N., Nicolas, J.B., O'Dowd, C., Ovadnevaite, J., Petralia, E., Poulain, L., Priestman, M., Riffault, V., Ripoll, A., Schlag, P., Schwarz, J., Sciare, J., Slowik, J., Sosedova, Y., Stavroulas, I., Teinemaa, E., Via, M., Vodička, P., Williams, P.I., Wiedensohler, A., Young, D.E., Zhang, S., Favez, O., Minguillón, M.C., Prevot, A.S.H., Sub Atmospheric physics and chemistry, Energy, Resources & Technological Change, Marine and Atmospheric Research, Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), University of Helsinki, Laboratoire de Physique de l'ENS Lyon (Phys-ENS), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences [Manchester] (SEAES), University of Manchester [Manchester], Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory [Heraklion] (ECPL), Department of Chemistry [Heraklion], University of Crete [Heraklion] (UOC)-University of Crete [Heraklion] (UOC), Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry [Paul Scherrer Institute] (LAC), Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Nord Europe), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), German Meteorological Service, EMPA Air Pollution/Environmental Technology, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology [Dübendorf] (EMPA), King‘s College London, Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research [Utrecht] (IMAU), Utrecht University [Utrecht], EMPA, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research, Estonian Environmental Research Center, Tallinn, Estonia, Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung - Troposphäre (IEK-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, CESNET [Prague], Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Landwirtschaftliches Zentrum, Tallinn University, University of Crete [Heraklion] (UOC), Centre for Climate and Air Pollution Studies [Galway] (C-CAPS), National University of Ireland [Galway] (NUI Galway), Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Institut de chimie et procédés pour l'énergie, l'environnement et la santé (ICPEES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Instituto Universitario de Investigacion de Nanocienca de Aragon, University of Zaragoza - Universidad de Zaragoza [Zaragoza], Institute of Chemical Technology [Prague] (ICT), Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Department of Earth Sciences [Manchester], Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), JRC Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), Chimie Atmosphérique Expérimentale (CAE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Lille Douai), Centre for Energy and Environment (CERI EE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Norwegian Ministry of Climate and Environment Strategic Institute Program, Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Météo-France, EMME-CARE, UK National Research Council, UK Department of Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA), Greek Operational Programme' Competitiveness, Entrepreneurship and Innovation' (NSRF 2014–2020), European Regional Development Fund, French Ministry of Higher Education and Research, French CNRS, French Regional Council 'Hauts-de-France', Czech ACTRIS-CZ RI (CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_013/0001315), EPA Ireland, Irish Department of Communications, Climate Action and Environment (DCCAE), German Federal Environmental Agency, French ADEME, COST COLOSSAL CA16109, PRISMA project (CGL2012-39623-C02-1), ClearfLo project (NE/H008136/1), 'Panhellenic infrastructure for atmospheric composition and climate change, PANACEA' (MIS 5021516), CPER CLIMIBIO, CPER IRENI, Czech MEYS’s project (LTC18068), German Ultrafine Aerosol Network GUAN (F&E 370343200, F&E 371143232), ChArMEx project, ANR-11-LABX-0005,Cappa,Physiques et Chimie de l'Environnement Atmosphérique(2011), European Project: 262254,EC:FP7:INFRA,FP7-INFRASTRUCTURES-2010-1,ACTRIS(2011), European Project: 654109,H2020,H2020-INFRAIA-2014-2015,ACTRIS-2(2015), European Project: 603445,EC:FP7:ENV,FP7-ENV-2013-two-stage,BACCHUS(2013), Sub Atmospheric physics and chemistry, Energy, Resources & Technological Change, Marine and Atmospheric Research, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Centre for Energy and Environment (CERI EE - IMT Nord Europe), Department of Physics, European Commission, Alastuey, Andrés [0000-0002-5453-5495], Minguillón, María Cruz [0000-0002-5464-0391], Alastuey, Andrés, and Minguillón, María Cruz

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Chemical composition, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Environmental pollution, German, Meteorology. Climatology, 11. Sustainability, ddc:550, Aerosoles, AMS, ORGANIC AEROSOL, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, General Environmental Science, media_common, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Time resolution, Mass sprectrometry, TD172-193.5, SOURCE APPORTIONMENT, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, language, MONTSEC SOUTHERN PYRENEES, Phenomenology, Research center, Chemical compositions, Entrepreneurship, Higher education, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, AIR-QUALITY, European Regional Development Fund, Library science, 114 Physical sciences, SPECIATION MONITOR, Political science, media_common.cataloged_instance, European union, Aerosol, 1172 Environmental sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, RESOLVED MEASUREMENTS, Government, Mass spectrometry, business.industry, COMPONENTS, language.human_language, CARBONACEOUS AEROSOLS, 13. Climate action, MASS-SPECTROMETER, QC851-999, business
Abstract

Similarities and differences in the submicron atmospheric aerosol chemical composition are analyzed from a unique set of measurements performed at 21 sites across Europe for at least one year. These sites are located between 35 and 62°N and 10° W – 26°E, and represent various types of settings (remote, coastal, rural, industrial, urban). Measurements were all carried out on-line with a 30-min time resolution using mass spectroscopy based instruments known as Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitors (ACSM) and Aerosol Mass Spectrometers (AMS) and following common measurement guidelines. Data regarding organics, sulfate, nitrate and ammonium concentrations, as well as the sum of them called non-refractory submicron aerosol mass concentration ([NR-PM1]) are discussed. NR-PM1 concentrations generally increase from remote to urban sites. They are mostly larger in the mid-latitude band than in southern and northern Europe. On average, organics account for the major part (36–64%) of NR-PM1 followed by sulfate (12–44%) and nitrate (6–35%). The annual mean chemical composition of NR-PM1 at rural (or regional background) sites and urban background sites are very similar. Considering rural and regional background sites only, nitrate contribution is higher and sulfate contribution is lower in mid-latitude Europe compared to northern and southern Europe. Large seasonal variations in concentrations (μg/m³) of one or more components of NR-PM1 can be observed at all sites, as well as in the chemical composition of NR-PM1 (%) at most sites. Significant diel cycles in the contribution to [NR-PM1] of organics, sulfate, and nitrate can be observed at a majority of sites both in winter and summer. Early morning minima in organics in concomitance with maxima in nitrate are common features at regional and urban background sites. Daily variations are much smaller at a number of coastal and rural sites. Looking at NR-PM1 chemical composition as a function of NR-PM1 mass concentration reveals that although organics account for the major fraction of NR-PM1 at all concentration levels at most sites, nitrate contribution generally increases with NR-PM1 mass concentration and predominates when NR-PM1 mass concentrations exceed 40 μg/m³ at half of the sites., This study was partially supported by the European Union's projects ACTRIS (EU FP7-262254) and ACTRIS-2 (EU Horizon 2020–654109). COST Action CA16109 COLOSSAL, Chemical On-Line cOmpoSition and Source Apportionment of fine aerosoL, is acknowledged. The ACSM observations at Birkenes was funded by the Norwegian Ministry of Climate and Environment Strategic Institute Program. IDAEA-CSIC (3 datasets: BCN, MSA, MSY) was partially supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and FEDER funds under the PRISMA project (CGL 2012-39623-C02-1). The London measurements were supported by the UK National Research Council through the ClearfLo project and a PhD studentship (grant refs. NE/H008136/1 and NE/I528142/1) and the Department of Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA). ECPL personel, namely Nikolaos Mihalopoulos, Aikaterini Bougiatioti and Iasonas Stavroulas acknowledge support by the project “Panhellenic infrastructure for atmospheric composition and climate change, PANACEA” (MIS 5021516) which is implemented under the Action “Reinforcement of the Research and Innovation Infrastructure”, funded by the Operational Programme” Competitiveness, Entrepreneurship and Innovation” (NSRF 2014–2020) and co-financed by Greece and the European Union (European Regional Development Fund). IMT Lille Douai acknowledges financial support from the CaPPA (Chemical and Physical Properties of the Atmosphere) project funded by the French National Research Agency (ANR) through the PIA (Programme d'Investissement d'Avenir) under contract ANR-11-LABX-0005-01, and two CPER projects funded by the French Ministry of Higher Education and Research, the CNRS, the Regional Council “Hauts-de-France” and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF): Climibio, and IRENI (additionally financed by the Communauté Urbaine de Dunkerque). S. Zhang thanks IMT Lille Douai and the Regional Council “Hauts-de-France” for her PhD grant. Prague co-authors would like to acknowledge a Czech MEYS's project under INTER-EXCELENCE INTERCOST program under grant agreement LTC18068 and from European Regional Development Fund-Project under the grant ACTRIS-CZ RI (CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_013/0001315). EPA Ireland, Department of Communications, Climate Action and Environment (DCCAE) and the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007–2013) project BACCHUS under grant agreement n_603445 are acknowledged for research support at Mace Head. The physical measurements were also funded by the German Ultrafine Aerosol Network GUAN, which was jointly established with help of the German Federal Environment Ministry (BMU) grants F&E 370343200 (German title: “Erfassung der Zahl feiner und ultrafeiner Partikel in der Auβenluft”), 2008–2010, and F&E 371143232 (German title: “Trendanalysen gesundheitsgefährdender Fein-und Ultrafeinstaubfraktionen unter Nutzung der im German Ultrafine Aerosol Network (GUAN) ermittelten Immissionsdaten durch Fortführung und Interpretation der Messreihen”) 2012–2014. We also acknowledge the WCCAP (World Calibration Center for Aerosol Physics) as part of the WMO-GAW program. The WCCAP is base-funded by the German Federal Environmental Agency (Umweltbundesamt), Germany. Support by the European Regional Development Funds (EFRE – Europe funds Saxony) is gratefully acknowledged. Atmospheric measurements performed in Corsica is part of the ChArMEx project supported by CNRS-INSU, ADEME, Météo-France and CEA in the framework of the multidisciplinary programme MISTRALS (Mediterranean Integrated Studies aT Regional And Local Scales; http://mistrals-home.org/, last access: June 10, 2020). Final data processing of these measurements has been supported by the EMME-CARE (Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East Climate and Atmosphere Research Center) which has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 856612 and the Cyprus Government. The measurements in Switzerland were supported by the Federal Office for the Environment. We thank the International Foundation High Altitude Research Stations Jungfraujoch and Gornergrat (HFSJG) for the opportunity to perform experiments on the Jungfraujoch.

Published
2021
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7. Spaceborne Measurements of Formic and Acetic Acid: A Global View of the Regional Sources

Author

Michael Schneider, Frank Hase, Emmanuel Mahieu, T. Stavrakou, Lieven Clarisse, Juliette Hadji-Lazaro, Ivan Ortega, Kimberly Strong, Daniel Hurtmans, Corinne Vigouroux, Domenico Taraborrelli, Pierre-François Coheur, Bruno Franco, Jean-François Müller, Erik Lutsch, James W. Hannigan, Cathy Clerbaux, Nicholas B. Jones, Spectroscopie de l'atmosphère, Service de Chimie Quantique et Photophysique, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique (BIRA-IASB), Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung - Troposphäre (IEK-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR), Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung - Atmosphärische Spurengase und Fernerkundung (IMK-ASF), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), School of Chemistry [Wollongong], University of Wollongong [Australia], Department of Physics [Toronto], University of Toronto, Institut d'Astrophysique et de Géophysique [Liège], and Université de Liège

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, satellite remote sensing, formic acid, IASI, Formic acid, neural network, Infrared atmospheric sounding interferometer, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Latitude, Atmosphere, chemistry.chemical_compound, Abundance (ecology), medicine, Géographie physique, infrared spectroscopy, Isoprene, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Northern Hemisphere, Seasonality, medicine.disease, Sciences de la terre et du cosmos, Geophysics, acetic acid, chemistry, 13. Climate action, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science
Abstract

Formic (HCOOH) and acetic acids (CH3COOH) are the most abundant carboxylic acids in the Earth's atmosphere and key compounds to aqueous-phase chemistry. Here we present the first distributions of CH3COOH retrieved from the 2007–2018 satellite observations of the nadir-looking infrared atmospheric sounding interferometer (IASI), using a neural network-based retrieval approach. A joint analysis with the IASI HCOOH product reveals that the two species exhibit similar distributions, seasonality, and atmospheric burden, pointing to major common sources. We show that their abundance is highly correlated to isoprene and monoterpenes emissions, as well as to biomass burning. Over Africa, evidence is provided that residual smoldering combustion might be a major driver of the HCOOH and CH3COOH seasonality. Earlier seasonal enhancement of HCOOH at Northern Hemisphere middle and high latitudes and late seasonal secondary peaks of CH3COOH in the tropics suggest that sources and production pathways specific to each species are also at play., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2020
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8. Ratios of atmospheric formic acid and acetic acid seen from space

Author

Franco, Bruno, Clarisse, Lieven, Stavrakou, Trisevgeni, Müller, Jean-François, Hadji-Lazaro, Juliette, Hurtmans, Daniel, Taraborrelli, Domenico, Clerbaux, Cathy, Coheur, Pierre-François, Spectroscopie de l'atmosphère, Service de Chimie Quantique et Photophysique, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique (BIRA-IASB), TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung - Troposphäre (IEK-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, and Cardon, Catherine

Subjects
[SDE] Environmental Sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDE]Environmental Sciences
Abstract

International audience; Formic acid (HCOOH) and acetic acid (CH3COOH) are ubiquitous atmospheric trace gases and the most abundantcarboxylic acids in the global troposphere. They have a substantial impact on the atmospheric aqueous-phasechemistry and are major sources of cloud and precipitation acidity. Together, they account for > 60% of the rain-water acidity in remote regions (e.g., over tropical and boreal forests). Sources of formic and acetic acids includedirect emissions (e.g., from biomass burning, fossil fuel, plants) and secondary production from sunlight-induceddegradation of a suite of other volatile organic compounds. However, several investigations have pointed to largeinconsistencies between measurements and model simulations, suggesting key gaps in our understanding of theirsources and the likely existence of so far unidentified sources.Here we use a neural network-based approach to retrieve total columns of formic and acetic acids from theIASI (Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer) satellite observations, and to produce daily global andregional pictures of both species. With this dataset we characterize their respective spatial distributions, seasonalvariability as well as their transport patterns from emission sources. We focus on their emission regions to studythe variability and evolution of the HCOOH-to-CH3COOH ratios. Their respective enhancement ratios withrespect to CO total columns from IASI are also investigated in fire plumes. This study contributes to improvingour understanding of the emission sources of these dominant carboxylic acids.

Published
2019

9. A new method (M 3 Fusion v1) for combining observations and multiple model output for an improved estimate of the global surface ozone distribution

Author

Chang, Kai-Lan, Cooper, Owen, West, J. Jason, Serre, Marc, Schultz, Martin, Lin, Meiyun, Marécal, Virginie, Josse, Béatrice, Deushi, Makoto, Sudo, Kengo, Liu, Junhua, Keller, Christoph, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado [Boulder]-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung - Troposphäre (IEK-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Meteorological Research Institute [Tsukuba] (MRI), Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), Graduate School of Environmental Studies [Nagoya], Nagoya University, Goddard Earth Sciences and Technology and Research (GESTAR), NASA-Universities Space Research Association (USRA), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences (SEAS), Harvard University [Cambridge], Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Harvard University

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph]
Abstract

International audience; We have developed a new statistical approach (M 3 Fusion) for combining surface ozone observations from thousands of monitoring sites around the world with the output from multiple atmospheric chemistry models to produce a global surface ozone distribution with greater accuracy than can be provided by any individual model. The ozone observations from 4766 monitoring sites were provided by the Tro-pospheric Ozone Assessment Report (TOAR) surface ozone database, which contains the world's largest collection of surface ozone metrics. Output from six models was provided by the participants of the Chemistry-Climate Model Initiative (CCMI) and NASA's Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO). We analyze the 6-month maximum of the maximum daily 8 h average ozone value (DMA8) for relevance to ozone health impacts. We interpolate the irregularly spaced observations onto a fine-resolution grid by using integrated nested Laplace approximations and compare the ozone field to each model in each world region. This method allows us to produce a global surface ozone field based on TOAR observations, which we then use to select the combination of global models with the greatest skill in each of eight world regions; models with greater skill in a particular region are given higher weight. This blended model product is bias corrected within 2 • of observation locations to produce the final fused surface ozone product. We show that our fused product has an improved mean squared error compared to the simple multi-model ensemble mean, which is biased high in most regions of the world.

Published
2019
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10. Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report: present-day distribution and trends of tropospheric ozone relevant to climate and global atmospheric chemistry model evaluation

Author

A. Gaudel, O. R. Cooper, G. Ancellet, B. Barret, A. Boynard, J. P. Burrows, C. Clerbaux, P.-F. Coheur, J. Cuesta, E. Cuevas, S. Doniki, G. Dufour, F. Ebojie, G. Foret, O. Garcia, M. J. Granados-Muñoz, J. W. Hannigan, F. Hase, B. Hassler, G. Huang, D. Hurtmans, D. Jaffe, N. Jones, P. Kalabokas, B. Kerridge, S. Kulawik, B. Latter, T. Leblanc, E. Le Flochmoën, W. Lin, J. Liu, X. Liu, E. Mahieu, A. McClure-Begley, J. L. Neu, M. Osman, M. Palm, H. Petetin, I. Petropavlovskikh, R. Querel, N. Rahpoe, A. Rozanov, M. G. Schultz, J. Schwab, R. Siddans, D. Smale, M. Steinbacher, H. Tanimoto, D. W. Tarasick, V. Thouret, A. M. Thompson, T. Trickl, E. Weatherhead, C. Wespes, H. M. Worden, C. Vigouroux, X. Xu, G. Zeng, J. Ziemke, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Teoria del Senyal i Comunicacions, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado [Boulder]-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'aérologie (LAERO), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Environmental Physics [Bremen] (IUP), University of Bremen, Spectroscopie de l'atmosphère, Service de Chimie Quantique et Photophysique, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Izaña Atmospheric Research Center (IARC), Agencia Estatal de Meteorología (AEMet), Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de l'Atmosphère (LPCA), Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Remote Sensing Laboratory [Barcelona] (RSLab), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya [Barcelona] (UPC), Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling Laboratory (ACOML), National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR), Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung - Atmosphärische Spurengase und Fernerkundung (IMK-ASF), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA), Harvard University [Cambridge]-Smithsonian Institution, DLR Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre (IPA), Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Oberpfaffenhofen-Wessling] (DLR), Department of Atmospheric Sciences [Seattle], University of Washington [Seattle], School of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics [Bothell] (STEM), University of Washington-Bothell, Centre for Atmospheric Chemistry [Wollongong] (CAC), University of Wollongong [Australia], Research Centre for Atmospheric Physics and Climatology [Athens], Academy of Athens, Space Science and Technology Department [Didcot] (RAL Space), STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)-Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Bay Area Environmental Research Institute (BAER), China Meteorological Administration (CMA), School of Atmospheric Sciences [Nanjing], Nanjing University (NJU), Department of Geography and Planning [University of Toronto], University of Toronto, Institut d'Astrophysique et de Géophysique [Liège], Université de Liège, Cooperative Institute for Mesoscale Meteorological Studies (CIMMS), University of Oklahoma (OU), National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research [Lauder] (NIWA), Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung - Troposphäre (IEK-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Jülich Supercomputing Centre (JSC), Atmospheric Sciences Research Center (ASRC), University at Albany [SUNY], State University of New York (SUNY)-State University of New York (SUNY), Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology [Dübendorf] (EMPA), National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Environment and Climate Change Canada, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung - Atmosphärische Umweltforschung (IMK-IFU), Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique (BIRA-IASB), Morgan State University, Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Smithsonian Institution-Harvard University [Cambridge], Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Harvard University-Smithsonian Institution, Laboratoire d'aérologie (LA), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Libre de Bruxelles [Bruxelles] (ULB), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, Center for Atmospheric Chemistry [Wollongong] (CAC), University of Wollongong, and Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, Daytime, tropospheric ozone, ground-level ozone, Tropospheric composition and chemistry, Global tropospheric ozone burden, Ozone trends, Environmental Engineering, Ozone, Troposfera, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Ground Level Ozone, 010501 environmental sciences, Present day, Oceanography, Tropospheric ozone, 01 natural sciences, Troposphere, chemistry.chemical_compound, ddc:550, Erdsystemmodell -Evaluation und -Analyse, Ground-level ozone, lcsh:Environmental sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, lcsh:GE1-350, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Ecology, Généralités, Geology, Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology, Earth sciences, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Atmospheric chemistry, Climatology, Enginyeria agroalimentària::Ciències de la terra i de la vida [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], Environmental science, Satellite, Ozó
Abstract

The Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report (TOAR) is an activity of the International Global Atmospheric Chemistry Project. This paper is a component of the report, focusing on the present-day distribution and trends of tropospheric ozone relevant to climate and global atmospheric chemistry model evaluation. Utilizing the TOAR surface ozone database, several figures present the global distribution and trends of daytime average ozone at 2702 non-urban monitoring sites, highlighting the regions and seasons of the world with the greatest ozone levels. Similarly, ozonesonde and commercial aircraft observations reveal ozone's distribution throughout the depth of the free troposphere. Long-term surface observations are limited in their global spatial coverage, but data from remote locations indicate that ozone in the 21st century is greater than during the 1970s and 1980s. While some remote sites and many sites in the heavily polluted regions of East Asia show ozone increases since 2000, many others show decreases and there is no clear global pattern for surface ozone changes since 2000. Two new satellite products provide detailed views of ozone in the lower troposphere across East Asia and Europe, revealing the full spatial extent of the spring and summer ozone enhancements across eastern China that cannot be assessed from limited surface observations. Sufficient data are now available (ozonesondes, satellite, aircraft) across the tropics from South America eastwards to the western Pacific Ocean, to indicate a likely tropospheric column ozone increase since the 1990s. The 2014-2016 mean tropospheric ozone burden (TOB) between 60°N-60°S from five satellite products is 300 Tg ± 4%. While this agreement is excellent, the products differ in their quantification of TOB trends and further work is required to reconcile the differences. Satellites can now estimate ozone's global long-wave radiative effect, but evaluation is difficult due to limited in situ observations where the radiative effect is greatest., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2018
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11. A new chemistry option in WRF-Chem v. 3.4 for the simulation of direct and indirect aerosol effects using VBS: evaluation against IMPACT-EUCAARI data

Author

Alfons Schwarzenboeck, Paolo Tuccella, Guido Visconti, Amewu A. Mensah, Gabriele Curci, Georg Grell, Suzanne Crumeyrolle, TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences [L'Aquila] (DSFC), Università degli Studi dell'Aquila (UNIVAQ), Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado [Boulder]-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Laboratoire d’Optique Atmosphérique - UMR 8518 (LOA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de météorologie physique (LaMP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung - Troposphäre (IEK-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Università degli Studi dell'Aquila = University of L'Aquila (UNIVAQ), and Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Particle number, Microphysics, Meteorology, Chemistry, Planetary boundary layer, lcsh:QE1-996.5, 010501 environmental sciences, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Aerosol, lcsh:Geology, Troposphere, Earth and Planetary Sciences (all), Modeling and Simulation, 13. Climate action, Diurnal cycle, Cloud condensation nuclei, Liquid water path, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

A parameterization for secondary organic aerosol (SOA) production based on the volatility basis set (VBS) approach has been coupled with microphysics and radiative schemes in the Weather Research and Forecasting model with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) model. The new chemistry option called "RACM-MADE-VBS-AQCHEM" was evaluated on a cloud resolving scale against ground-based and aircraft measurements collected during the IMPACT-EUCAARI (Intensive Cloud Aerosol Measurement Campaign – European Integrated project on Aerosol Cloud Climate and Air quality interaction) campaign, and complemented with satellite data from MODIS. The day-to-day variability and the diurnal cycle of ozone (O3) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) at the surface are captured by the model. Surface aerosol mass concentrations of sulfate (SO4), nitrate (NO3), ammonium (NH4), and organic matter (OM) are simulated with correlations larger than 0.55. WRF-Chem captures the vertical profile of the aerosol mass concentration in both the planetary boundary layer (PBL) and free troposphere (FT) as a function of the synoptic condition, but the model does not capture the full range of the measured concentrations. Predicted OM concentration is at the lower end of the observed mass concentrations. The bias may be attributable to the missing aqueous chemistry processes of organic compounds and to uncertainties in meteorological fields. A key role could be played by assumptions on the VBS approach such as the SOA formation pathways, oxidation rate, and dry deposition velocity of organic condensable vapours. Another source of error in simulating SOA is the uncertainties in the anthropogenic emissions of primary organic carbon. Aerosol particle number concentration (condensation nuclei, CN) is overestimated by a factor of 1.4 and 1.7 within the PBL and FT, respectively. Model bias is most likely attributable to the uncertainties of primary particle emissions (mostly in the PBL) and to the nucleation rate. Simulated cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) are also overestimated, but the bias is more contained with respect to that of CN. The CCN efficiency, which is a characterization of the ability of aerosol particles to nucleate cloud droplets, is underestimated by a factor of 1.5 and 3.8 in the PBL and FT, respectively. The comparison with MODIS data shows that the model overestimates the aerosol optical thickness (AOT). The domain averages (for 1 day) are 0.38 ± 0.12 and 0.42 ± 0.10 for MODIS and WRF-Chem data, respectively. The droplet effective radius (Re) in liquid-phase clouds is underestimated by a factor of 1.5; the cloud liquid water path (LWP) is overestimated by a factor of 1.1–1.6. The consequence is the overestimation of average liquid cloud optical thickness (COT) from a few percent up to 42 %. The predicted cloud water path (CWP) in all phases displays a bias in the range +41–80 %, whereas the bias of COT is about 15 %. In sensitivity tests where we excluded SOA, the skills of the model in reproducing the observed patterns and average values of the microphysical and optical properties of liquid and all phase clouds decreases. Moreover, the run without SOA (NOSOA) shows convective clouds with an enhanced content of liquid and frozen hydrometers, and stronger updrafts and downdrafts. Considering that the previous version of WRF-Chem coupled with a modal aerosol module predicted very low SOA content (secondary organic aerosol model (SORGAM) mechanism) the new proposed option may lead to a better characterization of aerosol–cloud feedbacks.

Published
2015
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12. A general framework for global retrievals of trace gases from IASI: Application to methanol, formic acid and PAN

Author

Daniel Hurtmans, Pierre-François Coheur, Simon Whitburn, Cathy Clerbaux, Juliette Hadji-Lazaro, Bruno Franco, T. Stavrakou, M. Van Damme, Lieven Clarisse, Jean-François Müller, Domenico Taraborrelli, Spectroscopie de l'atmosphère, Service de Chimie Quantique et Photophysique, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique (BIRA-IASB), TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung - Troposphäre (IEK-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Volatile organic compound, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing, chemistry.chemical_classification, Peroxyacetyl nitrate, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Spectral signature, Optimal estimation, Artificial neural network, Hyperspectral imaging, 3. Good health, Trace gas, remote sensing, IASI, neural network, volatile organic compound, Geophysics, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Environmental science, Feedforward neural network, Sciences exactes et naturelles
Abstract

Retrieving concentrations of minor atmospheric trace gases from satellite observations is challenging due to their weak spectral signature. Here we present a new version of the ANNI (Artificial Neural Network for Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer, IASI) retrieval framework, which relies on a hyperspectral range index (HRI) for the quantification of the gas spectral signature and on an artificial feedforward neural network to convert the HRI into a gas total column. We detail the different steps of the retrieval method, especially where they differ from previous work, and apply the retrieval to three important volatile organic compounds: methanol (CH3OH), formic acid (HCOOH), and peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN). The comparison of the retrieved columns with those from an optimal estimation inversion retrieval shows an overall excellent agreement: differences occur mainly when the sensitivity to the target gas is low and are consistent with the conceptual differences between the two approaches. We present retrieval examples over selected regions, comparison with previously developed products, and the global seasonal distributions including the first global distributions of PAN on a daily basis. The ANNI retrieval has been carried out on the whole time series of IASI observations (2007–2018), so that currently over 10 years of twice-daily global CH3OH, HCOOH, and PAN total column distributions have been produced. This unique data set opens avenues for tackling important questions related to sources, transport, and transformation of volatile organic compounds in the global atmosphere., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2018
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13. First reprocessing of Southern Hemisphere ADditional OZonesondes (SHADOZ) profile records (1998-2015): 1. Methodology and evaluation

Author

Witte, Jacquelyn C., Thompson, Anne M., Ogino, Shin-Ya, Jordan, Allen, da Silva, Francisco R., Smit, Herman G.J., Fujiwara, Masatomo, Posny, Francoise, Coetzee, Gert J. R., Northam, Edward T., Johnson, Bryan J., Sterling, Chance W., Mohamad, Maznorizan, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung - Troposphäre (IEK-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Faculty of Environmental Earth Science [Sapporo], Hokkaido University [Sapporo, Japan], Laboratoire de l'Atmosphère et des Cyclones (LACy), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Department of Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere-Land Processes Research (DCOP), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France

Subjects
[SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, ddc:550, [SDU.STU.ME]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Meteorology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

Electrochemical concentration cell ozonesonde measurements are an important source of highly resolved vertical profiles of ozone (O3) with long-term data records for deriving O3 trends, model development, satellite validation, and air quality studies. Ozonesonde stations employ a range of operational and data processing procedures, metadata reporting, and instrument changes that have resulted in inhomogeneities within individual station data records. A major milestone is the first reprocessing of seven Southern Hemisphere ADditional OZonesondes (SHADOZ) station ozonesonde records to account for errors and biases in operating/processing procedures. Ascension Island, Hanoi, Irene, Kuala Lumpur, La Réunion, Natal, and Watukosek station records all show an overall increase in O3 after reprocessing. Watukosek shows the largest increase of 9.0 ± 2.1 Dobson Units (DU) in total column O3; Irene and Hanoi show a 5.5 ± 2.5 DU increase, while remaining sites show statistically insignificant enhancements. Negligible to modest O3 enhancements are observed after reprocessing in the troposphere (up to 8%) and stratosphere (up to 6%), except at La Réunion for which the application of background currents reduces tropospheric O3 (−2.1 ± 1.3 DU). Inhomogeneities due to ozonesonde/solution-type changes at Ascension, Natal, and La Réunion are resolved with the application of transfer functions. Comparisons with EP-TOMS, Aura's Ozone Monitoring Instrument and Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) satellite O3 overpasses show an overall improvement in agreement after reprocessing. Most reprocessed data sets show a significant reduction in biases with MLS at the ozone maximum region (50–10 hPa). Changes in radiosonde/ozonesonde system and nonstandard solution types can account for remaining discrepancies observed at several sites when compared to satellites.

Published
2017
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14. Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report: Database and Metrics Data of Global Surface Ozone Observations

Author

Schultz, Martin G., Schröder, Sabine, Lyapina, Olga, Cooper, Owen, Galbally, Ian, Petropavlovskikh, Irina, von Schneidemesser, Erika, Tanimoto, Hiroshi, Elshorbany, Yasin, Naja, Ma, Seguel, Rodrigo, Dauert, Ute, Eckhardt, Paul, Feigenspahn, Stefan, Fiebig, Ma, Hjellbrekke, Anne-Gunn, Hong, You-Deog, Christian Kjeld, Peter, Koide, Hiroshi, Lear, Gary, Tarasick, David, Ueno, Mikio, Wallasch, Ma, Baumgardner, Darrel, Chuang, Ming-Tung, Gillett, Robert, Lee, Meehye, Molloy, Suzie, Moolla, Raeesa, Wang, Tao, Sharps, Katrina, Adame, Jose A., Ancellet, Gérard, Apadula, Francesco, Artaxo, Paul, Barlasina, Ma, Bogucka, Ma, Bonasoni, Paolo, Chang, Limseok, Colomb, Aurélie, Cuevas, Emilio, Cupeiro, Ma, Degorska, Anna, Ding, Aijun, Fröhlich, Ma, Frolova, Ma, Gadhavi, Harish, GHEUSI, François, Gilge, Stefan, Gonzalez, Ma, Gros, Valérie, Hamad, Samera H., Helmig, Detlev, Henriques, Diamantino, Hermansen, Ove, Holla, Robert, Huber, Jacques, Im, Ulas, Jaffe, Daniel A., Komala, Ninong, Kubistin, Dagmar, Lam, Ka-Se, Laurila, Tuomas, Lee, Haeyoung, Levy, Ilan, Mazzoleni, Claudio, Mazzoleni, Lynn, McClure-Begley, Audra, Mohamad, Maznorizan, Murovic, Marijana, Navarro-Comas, M., Nicodim, Florin, Parrish, David, Read, Katie A., Reid, Nick, Ries, Ludwig, Saxena, Pallavi, Schwab, James J., Scorgie, Yvonne, Senik, Irina, Simmonds, Peter, Sinha, Vinayak, Skorokhod, Andrey, Spain, Gerard, Spangl, Wolfgang, Spoor, Ronald, Springston, Stephen R., Steer, Kelvyn, Steinbacher, Martin, Suharguniyawan, Eka, Torre, Paul, Trickl, Thomas, Weili, Lin, Weller, Rolf, Xu, Xiaobin, Xue, Likun, Zhiqiang, Ma, Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung - Troposphäre (IEK-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado [Boulder]-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), CSIRO Climate Science Centre, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies [Potsdam] (IASS), National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences (ARIES), Centro Nacional de Medio Ambiente (CENMA), German Federal Environmental Agency / Umweltbundesamt (UBA), Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), National Institute of Environmental Research [South Korea] (NIER), European Environmental Agency (EEA), Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), Office of Air and Radiation (OAR), US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Environment and Climate Change Canada, Centro de Ciencias de la Atmosfera [Mexico], Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México = National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), National Central University [Taiwan] (NCU), Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Korea], Korea University [Seoul], School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies [Johannesburg] (GAES), University of the Witwatersrand [Johannesburg] (WITS), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering [Hong Kong] (CEE), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University [Hong Kong] (POLYU), Centre for Ecology and Hydrology [Bangor] (CEH), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA), TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ricerca sul Sistema Energetico (RSE), Instituto de Fisica da Universidade de São Paulo (IFUSP), Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP), Servicio Meteorológico Nacional [Buenos Aires], Institute of Meteorology and Water Management - National Research Institute (IMGW - PIB), CNR Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (ISAC), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique (LaMP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Izaña Atmospheric Research Center (IARC), Agencia Estatal de Meteorología (AEMet), Iinstitute of Environmental Protection - National Research Institute (IOS-PIB), School of Atmospheric Sciences [Nanjing], Nanjing University (NJU), Umweltbundesamt GmbH = Environment Agency Austria, Latvian Environment Geology and Meteorology Centre (LEGMC), National Atmospheric Research Laboratory [Tirupati] (NARL), Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Zentrum für Medizin-Meteorologische Forschung (ZMMF), Deutscher Wetterdienst [Offenbach] (DWD), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Chimie Atmosphérique Expérimentale (CAE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMD School of Public Health, University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, Institute of Arctic Alpine Research [University of Colorado Boulder] (INSTAAR), University of Colorado [Boulder], Portuguese Institute for Sea and Atmosphere (IMPA), Norsk Institutt for Luftforskning (NILU), Meteorologisches Observatorium Hohenpeißenberg (MOHp), Department of Environmental Science [Roskilde] (ENVS), Aarhus University [Aarhus], School of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics [Bothell] (STEM), University of Washington-Bothell, Indonesian National Institute of Aeronautics and Space (LAPAN), Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), National Institute of Meteorological Sciences (NIMS), Air Quality and Climate Change Division [Jerusalem], Israël Ministry of Environmental Protection, Michigan Technological University (MTU), Malaysian Meteorological Department (MetMalaysia), Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation [Malaysia] (MOSTI), Slovenian Environment Agency, Administratia Nationala de Meteorologie, Department of Chemistry [York, UK], University of York [York, UK], Auckland Council, Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), Atmospheric Sciences Research Center (ASRC), University at Albany [SUNY], State University of New York (SUNY)-State University of New York (SUNY), New South Wales Office of Environment and Heritage, A.M.Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP), Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), School of Chemistry [Bristol], University of Bristol [Bristol], Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali (IISER Mohali), National University of Ireland [Galway] (NUI Galway), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment [Bilthoven] (RIVM), Brookhaven National Laboratory [Upton, NY] (BNL), UT-Battelle, LLC-Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), State University of New York (SUNY)-State University of New York (SUNY)-U.S. Department of Energy [Washington] (DOE), South Australia Environment Protection Authority (EPA), Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology [Thun] (EMPA), Indonesian Meteorological, Climatologicall and Geophysical Agency (BMKG), Environment Protection Authority Victoria (EPA ), Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung - Atmosphärische Umweltforschung (IMK-IFU), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), China Meteorological Administration (CMA), Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Shandong University, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Instituto de Fisica [Sao Paulo], Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Umweltbundesamt GmbH/Environment Agency Austria, National Atmospheric Research Laboratory [Tirupathi] (NARL), Météo France-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research (INSTAAR), U.S. Department of Energy [Washington] (DOE)-UT-Battelle, LLC-Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
lcsh:GE1-350, tropospheric ozone, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], Monitoring, ground-level ozone, monitoring, database, Tropospheric ozone, Ecology and Environment, Atmospheric Sciences, Database, Earth sciences, ddc:550, Data and Information, Ground-level ozone, lcsh:Environmental sciences
Abstract

In support of the first Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report (TOAR) a relational database of global surface ozone observations has been developed and populated with hourly measurement data and enhanced metadata. A comprehensive suite of ozone data products including standard statistics, health and vegetation impact metrics, and trend information, are made available through a common data portal and a web interface. These data form the basis of the TOAR analyses focusing on human health, vegetation, and climate relevant ozone issues, which are part of this special feature. Cooperation among many data centers and individual researchers worldwide made it possible to build the world’s largest collection of in-situ hourly surface ozone data covering the period from 1970 to 2015. By combining the data from almost 10,000 measurement sites around the world with global metadata information, new analyses of surface ozone have become possible, such as the first globally consistent characterisations of measurement sites as either urban or rural/remote. Exploitation of these global metadata allows for new insights into the global distribution, and seasonal and long-term changes of tropospheric ozone and they enable TOAR to perform the first, globally consistent analysis of present-day ozone concentrations and recent ozone changes with relevance to health, agriculture, and climate. Considerable effort was made to harmonize and synthesize data formats and metadata information from various networks and individual data submissions. Extensive quality control was applied to identify questionable and erroneous data, including changes in apparent instrument offsets or calibrations. Such data were excluded from TOAR data products. Limitations of a posteriori data quality assurance are discussed. As a result of the work presented here, global coverage of surface ozone data for scientific analysis has been significantly extended. Yet, large gaps remain in the surface observation network both in terms of regions without monitoring, and in terms of regions that have monitoring programs but no public access to the data archive. Therefore future improvements to the database will require not only improved data harmonization, but also expanded data sharing and increased monitoring in data-sparse regions. This work is part of the Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report (TOAR) which was supported by the International Global Atmospheric Chemistry (IGAC) project, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Forschungszentrum Jülich, and the World Meteorological Organisation (WMO). Many institutions and agencies sup¬ported the implementation of the measurements, and the processing, quality assurance, and submission of the data contained in the TOAR database.

Published
2017
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15. Ground-based assessment of the bias and long-term stability of 14 limb and occultation ozone profile data records

Author

Bryan J. Johnson, Ghassan Taha, David W. Tarasick, Sophie Godin-Beekmann, Marion Marchand, J. C. Lambert, Kerstin Stebel, Elian Wolfram, Adam Bourassa, Herman G. J. Smit, Arno Keppens, Daan Hubert, Hideaki Nakane, C. Thomas McElroy, Daan Swart, Ugo Cortesi, Karl W. Hoppel, Joanna A. E. van Gijsel, Donal P. Murtagh, James M. Russell, Tijl Verhoelst, Anne M. Thompson, Peter von der Gathen, Erkki Kyrölä, Günter Lichtenberg, Richard Querel, Kevin Strawbridge, Doug Degenstein, Wolfgang Steinbrecht, Kaley A. Walker, Joachim Urban, Roeland Van Malderen, Thierry Portafaix, José Granville, Jean-Luc Baray, Thierry Leblanc, Lucien Froidevaux, Jacobo Salvador, René Stübi, Joseph M. Zawodny, Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique (BIRA-IASB), Laboratoire de l'Atmosphère et des Cyclones (LACy), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France, Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique (LaMP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Space and Atmospheric Studies [Saskatoon] (ISAS), Department of Physics and Engineering Physics [Saskatoon], University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon] (U of S)-University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon] (U of S), Istituto di Fisica Applicata 'Nello Carrara' (IFAC), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), STRATO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), DLR Institut für Methodik der Fernerkundung / DLR Remote Sensing Technology Institute (IMF), Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Oberpfaffenhofen-Wessling] (DLR), University of York [York, UK], Department of Earth and Space Sciences [Göteborg], Chalmers University of Technology [Göteborg], Kochi University of Technology (KUT), National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research [Lauder] (NIWA), Department of Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences [Hampton] (APS), Hampton University, Centro de Investigaciones en Láseres y Aplicaciones [Buenos Aires] (CEILAP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET)-Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas para la Defensa (CITEDEF), Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung - Troposphäre (IEK-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Meteorologisches Observatorium Hohenpeißenberg (MOHp), Deutscher Wetterdienst [Offenbach] (DWD), Environment and Climate Change Canada, Payerne Aerological Station, Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment [Bilthoven] (RIVM), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Universities Space Research Association (USRA), Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] - Royal Meteorological Institute (IRM), Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Department of Chemistry [Waterloo], University of Waterloo [Waterloo], Department of Physics [Toronto], University of Toronto, NASA Langley Research Center [Hampton] (LaRC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France, Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), and Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] (IRM)

Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Meteorology, lcsh:TA715-787, lcsh:Earthwork. Foundations, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Occultation, Ozone depletion, SCIAMACHY, lcsh:Environmental engineering, Troposphere, Zeppelinobservatoriet, 13. Climate action, Stratopause, Ozone layer, ddc:550, Environmental science, Tropopause, lcsh:TA170-171, Stratosphere, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

The ozone profile records of a large number of limb and occultation satellite instruments are widely used to address several key questions in ozone research. Further progress in some domains depends on a more detailed understanding of these data sets, especially of their long-term stability and their mutual consistency. To this end, we made a systematic assessment of 14 limb and occultation sounders that, together, provide more than three decades of global ozone profile measurements. In particular, we considered the latest operational Level-2 records by SAGE II, SAGE III, HALOE, UARS MLS, Aura MLS, POAM II, POAM III, OSIRIS, SMR, GOMOS, MIPAS, SCIAMACHY, ACE-FTS and MAESTRO. Central to our work is a consistent and robust analysis of the comparisons against the ground-based ozonesonde and stratospheric ozone lidar networks. It allowed us to investigate, from the troposphere up to the stratopause, the following main aspects of satellite data quality: long-term stability, overall bias and short-term variability, together with their dependence on geophysical parameters and profile representation. In addition, it permitted us to quantify the overall consistency between the ozone profilers. Generally, we found that between 20 and 40 km the satellite ozone measurement biases are smaller than ±5 %, the short-term variabilities are less than 5–12 % and the drifts are at most ±5 % decade−1 (or even ±3 % decade−1 for a few records). The agreement with ground-based data degrades somewhat towards the stratopause and especially towards the tropopause where natural variability and low ozone abundances impede a more precise analysis. In part of the stratosphere a few records deviate from the preceding general conclusions; we identified biases of 10 % and more (POAM II and SCIAMACHY), markedly higher single-profile variability (SMR and SCIAMACHY) and significant long-term drifts (SCIAMACHY, OSIRIS, HALOE and possibly GOMOS and SMR as well). Furthermore, we reflected on the repercussions of our findings for the construction, analysis and interpretation of merged data records. Most notably, the discrepancies between several recent ozone profile trend assessments can be mostly explained by instrumental drift. This clearly demonstrates the need for systematic comprehensive multi-instrument comparison analyses.

Published
2016
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16. Minimizing the wintertime low bias of Northern Hemisphere carbon monoxide in global model simulations

Author

Stein, Olaf, Schultz, Martin G., Bouarar, Idir, Clark, Hannah, Huijnen, Vincent, Gaudel, Audrey, George, Maya, Clerbaux, Cathy, Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung - Troposphäre (IEK-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Max Planck Institute for Meteorology (MPI-M), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'aérologie (LAERO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes
Abstract

International audience; Carbon monoxide (CO) is a product of incomplete combustion and is also produced from oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOC) in the atmosphere. It is of interest as an indirect greenhouse gas and an air pollutant causing health effects and is thus subject to emission restrictions. CO acts as a major sink for the OH radical and as a precursor for tropospheric ozone and affects the oxidizing capacity of the atmosphere as well as regional air quality. Despite the developments in the global modelling of chemistry and of the parameterization of the physical processes, CO concentrations remain underestimated during NH winter by most state-of-the-art chemical transport models. The resulting model bias can in principle originate from either an underestimation of CO sources or an overestimation of its sinks. We address both the role of sources and sinks with a series of MOZART chemistry transport model sensitivity simulations for the year 2008 and compare our results to observational data from ground-based stations, satellite observations, and from MOZAIC tropospheric profile measurements on passenger aircraft. Our base case simulation using the MACCity emission inventory (Granier et al. 2011) underestimates the near-surface Northern Hemispheric CO mixing ratios by more than 20 ppb from December to April with a maximal bias of 40 ppb in January. The bias is strongest for the European region (up to 75 ppb in January). From our sensitivity studies the mismatch between observed and modelled atmospheric CO concentrations can be explained by a combination of the following emission inventory shortcuts: (i) missing anthropogenic wintertime CO emissions from traffic or other combustion processes, (ii) missing anthropogenic VOC emissions, (iii) an exaggerated downward trend in the RCP8.5 scenario underlying the MACCity inventory, (iv) a lack of knowledge about the seasonality of emissions. Deficiencies in the parameterization of the dry deposition velocities can also lead to underestimations of Northern Hemisphere wintertime CO concentrations which are in the same order than those from the current emission inventories. A methane lifetime of 9.7 yr for our basic model and 9.8 yr for the optimized simulation agrees well with current estimates of global OH, but we cannot fully exclude a potential effect from errors in the geographical and seasonal distribution of OH concentrations on the modelled CO. References: Granier C. et al., Evolution of anthropogenic and biomass burning emissions of air pollutants at global and regional scales during the 1980-2010 period, Climatic Change, doi:10.1007/s10584-011-0154-1, 2011. Stein, O., Schultz, M. G., Bouarar, I., Clark, H., Huijnen, V., Gaudel, A., George, M., and Clerbaux, C.: On the wintertime low bias of Northern Hemisphere carbon monoxide found in global model simulations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., doi:10.5194/acp-14-9295-2014, 2014.

Published
2015

17. Uncertainties in recent satellite ozone profile trend assessments (SI2N, WMO 2014) : A network-based assessment of fourteen contributing limb and occultation data records

Author

Hubert, Daan, Lambert, Jean-Christopher, Verhoelst, Tijl, Granville, José, Keppens, Arno, Cortesi, Ugo, Degenstein, Doug A., Froidevaux, Lucien, Godin-Beekmann, Sophie, Hoppel, Karl W., Kyrölä, Erkki, Leblanc, Thierry, Lichtenberg, Guenter, Mcdermid, I. Stuart, Mcelroy, Tom, Murtagh, Donal, Nakane, Hideaki, Russell III, James R., Smit, Herman G. J., Stebel, Kerstin, Steinbrecht, Wolfgang, Stübi, René, Swart, Daan P. J., Taha, Ghassan, Thompson, Anne M., Urban, Joachim, Van Gijsel, Anne, Von Der Gathen, Peter, Walker, Kaley A., Zawodny, Joseph M., Cardon, Catherine, Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique (BIRA-IASB), Istituto di Fisica Applicata 'Nello Carrara' (IFAC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon] (U of S), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), STRATO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), German Aerospace Center (DLR), Department of Earth and Space Science and Engineering [York University - Toronto] (ESSE), York University [Toronto], Chalmers Techniska Högskola, University of Gothenburg (GU), National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Center for Atmospheric Sciences [Hampton] (CAS), Hampton University, Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung - Troposphäre (IEK-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Meteorologisches Observatorium Hohenpeißenberg (MOHp), Deutscher Wetterdienst [Offenbach] (DWD), Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment [Bilthoven] (RIVM), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Chalmers University of Technology [Göteborg], Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), University of Toronto, NASA Langley Research Center [Hampton] (LaRC), and National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)

Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph]
Abstract

International audience; Numerous vertical ozone profile data records collected over the past decades from space-based platforms have the potential to allow the ozone and climate communities to tackle a variety of research questions. A prime topic is the study and documentation of long-term changes in the vertical distribution of atmospheric ozone, as targeted by the recent SPARC/IO3C/IGACO-O3/NDACC Initiative (SI2N) and WMO’s ozone assessment. Such studies typically require data records with documented mutual consistency in terms of bias and long-term stability. Ground-based networks play a pivotal role in evaluating which satellite records comply with end-user requirements and are fit for their purpose. They provide high-quality, independent measurements on a pseudo- global scale from the ground up to the stratosphere.Here, we present an assessment of the long-term stability and mutual consistency of fourteen limb/occultation ozone profile data records, using NDACC/GAW/SHADOZ ozonesonde and NDACC lidar network data as reference standards. We show how a harmonized analysis framework and robust statistical methods allow us to derive reliable estimates of the drift, bias, and short-term variability of each satellite data record. We examine the dependence of these parameters on altitude and, whenever feasible, on latitude and season. The analysis is furthermore performed in four different ozone profile representations, as it turns out that auxiliary data used for unit and representation conversions can impact data quality. We discuss the mutual consistency and compliance of satellite data sets with respect to specific user requirements from GCOS and from climate research groups. We conclude by reflecting on the implication of our results for trend assessments on recently merged ozone profile records (Ozone_CCI, GOZCARDS, SWOOSH, ...)

Published
2015

18. Evaluation of the MACC operational forecast system – potential and challenges of global near-real-time modelling with respect to reactive gases in the troposphere

Author

S. Gilge, A. Wagner, Ludwig Ries, Idir Bouarar, Cathy Clerbaux, Rolf Weller, W. Spangl, M. Cupeiro, J. Kapsomenakis, E.-G. Brunke, Andreas Richter, Anne-Marlene Blechschmidt, O. Stein, Christos Zerefos, Harald Flentje, Henk Eskes, Antje Inness, Maya George, Johannes Flemming, Andreas Hilboll, Paolo Cristofanelli, Deutscher Wetterdienst [Offenbach] (DWD), Institute of Environmental Physics [Bremen] (IUP), University of Bremen, Max Planck Institute for Meteorology (MPI-M), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), South African Weather Service (SAWS), National Meteorological Service [Ushuaia], CNR Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (ISAC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), Research Centre for Atmospheric Physics and Climatology [Athens], Academy of Athens, GAW Global Station Zugspitze/Hohenpeissenberg, German Federal Environmental Agency / Umweltbundesamt (UBA), Umweltbundesamt GmbH/Environment Agency Austria, Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung - Troposphäre (IEK-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), and Umweltbundesamt GmbH = Environment Agency Austria

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, Ozone, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 010501 environmental sciences, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, lcsh:Chemistry, Troposphere, Atmosphere, chemistry.chemical_compound, medicine, ddc:550, media_common.cataloged_instance, Nitrogen dioxide, European union, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], Seasonality, medicine.disease, lcsh:QC1-999, Aerosol, lcsh:QD1-999, chemistry, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, 13. Climate action, Climatology, Environmental science, Satellite, lcsh:Physics
Abstract

The Monitoring Atmospheric Composition and Climate (MACC) project represents the European Union's Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) (http://www.copernicus.eu/), which became fully operational during 2015. The global near-real-time MACC model production run for aerosol and reactive gases provides daily analyses and 5-day forecasts of atmospheric composition fields. It is the only assimilation system worldwide that is operational to produce global analyses and forecasts of reactive gases and aerosol fields. We have investigated the ability of the MACC analysis system to simulate tropospheric concentrations of reactive gases covering the period between 2009 and 2012. A validation was performed based on carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ozone (O3) surface observations from the Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) network, the O3 surface observations from the European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP) and, furthermore, NO2 tropospheric columns, as well as CO total columns, derived from satellite sensors. The MACC system proved capable of reproducing reactive gas concentrations with consistent quality; however, with a seasonally dependent bias compared to surface and satellite observations – for northern hemispheric surface O3 mixing ratios, positive biases appear during the warm seasons and negative biases during the cold parts of the year, with monthly modified normalised mean biases (MNMBs) ranging between −30 and 30 % at the surface. Model biases are likely to result from difficulties in the simulation of vertical mixing at night and deficiencies in the model's dry deposition parameterisation. Observed tropospheric columns of NO2 and CO could be reproduced correctly during the warm seasons, but are mostly underestimated by the model during the cold seasons, when anthropogenic emissions are at their highest level, especially over the US, Europe and Asia. Monthly MNMBs of the satellite data evaluation range from values between −110 and 40 % for NO2 and at most −20 % for CO, over the investigated regions. The underestimation is likely to result from a combination of errors concerning the dry deposition parameterisation and certain limitations in the current emission inventories, together with an insufficiently established seasonality in the emissions.

Published
2015
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19. Ten years of global burned area products from spaceborne remote sensing—A review: Analysis of user needs and recommendations for future developments

Author

Patricia Cadule, Florent Mouillot, Kevin Tansey, Philippe Ciais, Emilio Chuvieco, Chao Yue, Martin G. Schultz, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung - Troposphäre (IEK-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), University of Leicester, ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Universidad de Alcalá - University of Alcalá (UAH), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
RECOMMANDATIONS, Earth observation, Meteorology, Biome, Land management, GAZ A EFFET DE SERRE, Land cover, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, RELATION CLIMAT COUVERT VEGETAL, Computers in Earth Sciences, Time series, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, CARTOGRAPHIE, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Earth-Surface Processes, Remote sensing, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Global and Planetary Change, DONNEES SATELLITE, TELEDETECTION SPATIALE, Vegetation, BASE DE DONNEES, 15. Life on land, CARBONE, Geography, 13. Climate action, CHANGEMENT CLIMATIQUE, Greenhouse gas, Ecosystem management, GAZ CARBONIQUE
Abstract

Early global estimates of carbon emissions from biomass burning were based on empirical assumptions of fire return interval in different biomes in the 1980s. Since then, significant improvements of spaceborne remote sensing sensors have resulted in an increasing number of derived products characterizing the detection of active fire or the subsequent burned area (GFED, MODIS MCD45A1, L3JRC, Globcarbon, GBS, GLOBSCAR, GBA2000). When coupled with global land cover and vegetation models allowing for spatially explicit fuel biomass estimates, the use of these products helps to yield important information about the spatial and the temporal variability of emission estimates. The availability of multi-year products (>10 years) leads to a better understanding of uncertainties in addition to increasing accuracy. We surveyed a wide range of users of global fire data products whilst also undertaking a review of the latest scientific literature. Two user groups were identified, the first being global climate and vegetation modellers and the second being regional land managers. Based on this review, we present here the current needs covering the range of end-users. We identified the increasing use of BA products since the year 2000 with an increasing use of MODIS as a reference dataset. Scientific topics using these BA products have increased in diversity and area of application, from global fire emissions (for which BA products were initially developed) to regional studies with increasing use for ecosystem management planning. There is a significant need from the atmospheric science community for low spatial resolution (gridded, 1/2 degree cell) and long time series data characterized with supplementary information concerning the accuracy in timing of the fire and reductions of omission/commission errors. There is also a strong need for precisely characterizing the perimeter and contour of the fire scar for better assimilation with land cover maps and fire intensity. Computer and earth observation facilities remain a significant gap between ideal accuracies and the realistic ones, which must be fully quantified and comprehensive for an actual use in global fire emissions or regional land management studies.

Published
2014
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20. On the wintertime low bias of Northern Hemisphere carbon monoxide found in global model simulations

Author

Stein, O., Schultz, Martin G., Bouarar, Idir, Clark, H., Huijnen, V., Gaudel, A., George, Maya, Clerbaux, Cathy, Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung - Troposphäre (IEK-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'aérologie (LAERO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
lcsh:Chemistry, lcsh:QD1-999, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, ddc:550, lcsh:Physics, lcsh:QC1-999
Abstract

Despite the developments in the global modelling of chemistry and of the parameterization of the physical processes, carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations remain underestimated during Northern Hemisphere (NH) winter by most state-of-the-art chemistry transport models. The consequential model bias can in principle originate from either an underestimation of CO sources or an overestimation of its sinks. We address both the role of surface sources and sinks with a series of MOZART (Model for Ozone And Related Tracers) model sensitivity studies for the year 2008 and compare our results to observational data from ground-based stations, satellite observations, and vertical profiles from measurements on passenger aircraft. In our base case simulation using MACCity (Monitoring Atmospheric Composition and Climate project) anthropogenic emissions, the near-surface CO mixing ratios are underestimated in the Northern Hemisphere by more than 20 ppb from December to April, with the largest bias of up to 75 ppb over Europe in January. An increase in global biomass burning or biogenic emissions of CO or volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is not able to reduce the annual course of the model bias and yields concentrations over the Southern Hemisphere which are too high. Raising global annual anthropogenic emissions with a simple scaling factor results in overestimations of surface mixing ratios in most regions all year round. Instead, our results indicate that anthropogenic CO and, possibly, VOC emissions in the MACCity inventory are too low for the industrialized countries only during winter and spring. Reasonable agreement with observations can only be achieved if the CO emissions are adjusted seasonally with regionally varying scaling factors. A part of the model bias could also be eliminated by exchanging the original resistance-type dry deposition scheme with a parameterization for CO uptake by oxidation from soil bacteria and microbes, which reduces the boreal winter dry deposition fluxes. The best match to surface observations, satellite retrievals, and aircraft observations was achieved when the modified dry deposition scheme was combined with increased wintertime road traffic emissions over Europe and North America (factors up to 4.5 and 2, respectively). One reason for the apparent underestimation of emissions may be an exaggerated downward trend in the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5 scenario in these regions between 2000 and 2010, as this scenario was used to extrapolate the MACCity emissions from their base year 2000. This factor is potentially amplified by a lack of knowledge about the seasonality of emissions. A methane lifetime of 9.7 yr for our basic model and 9.8 yr for the optimized simulation agrees well with current estimates of global OH, but we cannot fully exclude a potential effect from errors in the geographical and seasonal distribution of OH concentrations on the modelled CO.

Published
2014
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21. Global data set of biogenic VOC emissions calculated by the MEGAN model over the last 30 years

Author

Simone Tilmes, Katerina Sindelarova, Claire Granier, Idir Bouarar, Alex Guenther, Wolfgang Knorr, Ulf Kühn, Jean-François Müller, P. Stefani, Trissevgeni Stavrakou, TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Meteorology and Environment Protection, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University [Prague] (CU), NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado [Boulder]-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Max Planck Institute for Chemistry (MPIC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Max Planck Institute for Meteorology (MPI-M), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR), Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique (BIRA-IASB), Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung - Troposphäre (IEK-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, University of Tuscia, Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science [Lund], Lund University [Lund], and Università degli studi della Tuscia [Viterbo]

Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], Atmospheric Science, Soil moisture deficit, Amazon rainforest, Flux, 15. Life on land, Seasonality, medicine.disease, lcsh:QC1-999, Southeast asia, lcsh:Chemistry, Atmospheric composition, Data set, chemistry.chemical_compound, lcsh:QD1-999, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Climatology, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, medicine, Environmental science, lcsh:Physics, Isoprene
Abstract

The Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature (MEGANv2.1) together with the Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) meteorological fields were used to create a global emission data set of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC) available on a monthly basis for the time period of 1980–2010. This data set, developed under the Monitoring Atmospheric Composition and Climate project (MACC), is called MEGAN–MACC. The model estimated mean annual total BVOC emission of 760 Tg (C) yr−1 consisting of isoprene (70%), monoterpenes (11%), methanol (6%), acetone (3%), sesquiterpenes (2.5%) and other BVOC species each contributing less than 2%. Several sensitivity model runs were performed to study the impact of different model input and model settings on isoprene estimates and resulted in differences of up to ±17% of the reference isoprene total. A greater impact was observed for a sensitivity run applying parameterization of soil moisture deficit that led to a 50% reduction of isoprene emissions on a global scale, most significantly in specific regions of Africa, South America and Australia. MEGAN–MACC estimates are comparable to results of previous studies. More detailed comparison with other isoprene inventories indicated significant spatial and temporal differences between the data sets especially for Australia, Southeast Asia and South America. MEGAN–MACC estimates of isoprene, α-pinene and group of monoterpenes showed a reasonable agreement with surface flux measurements at sites located in tropical forests in the Amazon and Malaysia. The model was able to capture the seasonal variation of isoprene emissions in the Amazon forest.

Published
2014
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22. Spatio-temporal variability of biogenic isoprene emissions and their impact on atmospheric chemical composition

Author

Sindelarova, Katerina, Granier, Claire, Stavrakou, Trissevgeni, Muller, Jean-François, Stein, Olaf, Schultz, Martin, Guenther, Alex, Cardon, Catherine, TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique (BIRA-IASB), Institute for chemistry and dynamics of the Geoshere- 2: Troposphere, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung - Troposphäre (IEK-8), and Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL)

Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], [SDE] Environmental Sciences, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph]
Abstract

International audience

Published
2014

23. Long-term changes in lower tropospheric baseline ozone concentrations at northern mid-latitudes

Author

Johannes Staehelin, Richard G. Derwent, S. Gilge, H. E. Scheel, Kathy S. Law, Hiroshi Tanimoto, David D. Parrish, Martin Steinbacher, Owen R. Cooper, Elton Chan, Andreas Volz-Thomas, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science [Zürich] (IAC), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Rdscientific [Newbury], Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado [Boulder]-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung - Troposphäre (IEK-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Meteorologisches Observatorium Hohenpeißenberg (MOHp), Deutscher Wetterdienst [Offenbach] (DWD), Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung - Atmosphärische Umweltforschung (IMK-IFU), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology [Dübendorf] (EMPA), and Environment and Climate Change Canada

Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], Data records, Atmospheric Science, Ozone, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Baseline (sea), 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:QC1-999, Term (time), Rate of increase, Troposphere, lcsh:Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, lcsh:QD1-999, 13. Climate action, Climatology, Middle latitudes, Mixing ratio, ddc:550, Environmental science, Physical geography, lcsh:Physics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Changes in baseline (here understood as representative of continental to hemispheric scales) tropospheric O3 concentrations that have occurred at northern mid-latitudes over the past six decades are quantified from available measurement records with the goal of providing benchmarks to which retrospective model calculations of the global O3 distribution can be compared. Eleven data sets (ten ground-based and one airborne) including six European (beginning in the 1950's and before), three North American (beginning in 1984) and two Asian (beginning in 1991) are analyzed. When the full time periods of the data records are considered a consistent picture emerges; O3 has increased at all sites in all seasons at approximately 1% yr−1 relative to the site's 2000 yr mixing ratio in each season. For perspective, this rate of increase sustained from 1950 to 2000 corresponds to an approximate doubling. There is little if any evidence for statistically significant differences in average rates of increase among the sites, regardless of varying length of data records. At most sites (most definitively at the European sites) the rate of increase has slowed over the last decade (possibly longer), to the extent that at present O3 is decreasing at some sites in some seasons, particularly in summer. The average rate of increase before 2000 shows significant seasonal differences (1.08 ± 0.09, 0.89 ± 0.10, 0.85 ± 0.11 and 1.21 ± 0.12% yr−1 in spring, summer, autumn and winter, respectively, over North America and Europe).

Published
2012
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24. Nitrate radicals and biogenic volatile organic compounds: oxidation, mechanisms, and organic aerosol.

Author

Ng NL, Brown SS, Archibald AT, Atlas E, Cohen RC, Crowley JN, Day DA, Donahue NM, Fry JL, Fuchs H, Griffin RJ, Guzman MI, Herrmann H, Hodzic A, Iinuma Y, Jimenez JL, Kiendler-Scharr A, Lee BH, Luecken DJ, Mao J, McLaren R, Mutzel A, Osthoff HD, Ouyang B, Picquet-Varrault B, Platt U, Pye HOT, Rudich Y, Schwantes RH, Shiraiwa M, Stutz J, Thornton JA, Tilgner A, Williams BJ, and Zaveri RA

Abstract

Oxidation of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC) by the nitrate radical (NO 3 ) represents one of the important interactions between anthropogenic emissions related to combustion and natural emissions from the biosphere. This interaction has been recognized for more than 3 decades, during which time a large body of research has emerged from laboratory, field, and modeling studies. NO 3 -BVOC reactions influence air quality, climate and visibility through regional and global budgets for reactive nitrogen (particularly organic nitrates), ozone, and organic aerosol. Despite its long history of research and the significance of this topic in atmospheric chemistry, a number of important uncertainties remain. These include an incomplete understanding of the rates, mechanisms, and organic aerosol yields for NO 3 -BVOC reactions, lack of constraints on the role of heterogeneous oxidative processes associated with the NO 3 radical, the difficulty of characterizing the spatial distributions of BVOC and NO 3 within the poorly mixed nocturnal atmosphere, and the challenge of constructing appropriate boundary layer schemes and non-photochemical mechanisms for use in state-of-the-art chemical transport and chemistry-climate models. This review is the result of a workshop of the same title held at the Georgia Institute of Technology in June 2015. The first half of the review summarizes the current literature on NO 3 -BVOC chemistry, with a particular focus on recent advances in instrumentation and models, and in organic nitrate and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation chemistry. Building on this current understanding, the second half of the review outlines impacts of NO 3 -BVOC chemistry on air quality and climate, and suggests critical research needs to better constrain this interaction to improve the predictive capabilities of atmospheric models., Competing Interests: Competing interests. The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Published
2017
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25. ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE. Response to Comment on "Missing gas-phase source of HONO inferred from Zeppelin measurements in the troposphere".

Author

Li X, Rohrer F, Hofzumahaus A, Brauers T, Häseler R, Bohn B, Broch S, Fuchs H, Gomm S, Holland F, Jäger J, Kaiser J, Keutsch FN, Lohse I, Lu K, Tillmann R, Wegener R, Wolfe GM, Mentel TF, Kiendler-Scharr A, and Wahner A

Abstract

Ye et al. have determined a maximum nitrous acid (HONO) yield of 3% for the reaction HO2·H2O + NO2, which is much lower than the yield used in our work. This finding, however, does not affect our main result that HONO in the investigated Po Valley region is mainly from a gas-phase source that consumes nitrogen oxides., (Copyright © 2015, American Association for the Advancement of Science.)

Published
2015
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26. Missing gas-phase source of HONO inferred from Zeppelin measurements in the troposphere.

Author

Li X, Rohrer F, Hofzumahaus A, Brauers T, Häseler R, Bohn B, Broch S, Fuchs H, Gomm S, Holland F, Jäger J, Kaiser J, Keutsch FN, Lohse I, Lu K, Tillmann R, Wegener R, Wolfe GM, Mentel TF, Kiendler-Scharr A, and Wahner A

Abstract

Gaseous nitrous acid (HONO) is an important precursor of tropospheric hydroxyl radicals (OH). OH is responsible for atmospheric self-cleansing and controls the concentrations of greenhouse gases like methane and ozone. Due to lack of measurements, vertical distributions of HONO and its sources in the troposphere remain unclear. Here, we present a set of observations of HONO and its budget made onboard a Zeppelin airship. In a sunlit layer separated from Earth's surface processes by temperature inversion, we found high HONO concentrations providing evidence for a strong gas-phase source of HONO consuming nitrogen oxides and potentially hydrogen oxide radicals. The observed properties of this production process suggest that the generally assumed impact of HONO on the abundance of OH in the troposphere is substantially overestimated.

Published
2014
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