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943 results on '"Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris)"'

1. Incorporating clonality into the plant ecology research agenda

Author: Stefano Chelli, Tristan Charles-Dominique, Roberto Canullo, F. Curtis Lubbe, Giandiego Campetella, Jitka Klimešová, Jana Martínková, Zdeněk Janovský, Tomáš Herben, Gianluigi Ottaviani, Charles University [Prague] (CU), Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences (IB / CAS), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Università degli Studi di Camerino = University of Camerino (UNICAM), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, belowground organs, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Population Dynamics, Population, clonality, Plant Science, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, plant functions, education, Productivity, Ecosystem, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Clonal growth, education.field_of_study, Ecology, business.industry, fungi, Environmental resource management, food and beverages, Plants, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, 15. Life on land, Plant ecology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; A longstanding research divide exists in plant ecology: either focusing on plant clonality, with no ambition to address nonclonal plants, or focusing on all plants, ignoring that many ecological processes can be affected by the fact that some plants are clonal while others are not. This gap cascades into a lack of distinction and knowledge about the similarities and differences between clonal and nonclonal plants. Here we aim to bridge this gap by identifying areas that would benefit from the incorporation of clonal growth into one integrated research platform: namely, response to productivity and disturbance, biotic interactions, and population dynamics. We are convinced that this will provide a roadmap to gain valuable insights into the ecoevolutionary dynamics relevant to all plants.
Published: 2021

2. To disperse or compete? Coevolution of traits leads to a limited number of reproductive strategies

Author: Isaac Planas-Sitjà, Thibaud Monnin, Nicolas Loeuille, Adam L Cronin, Tokyo Metropolitan University [Tokyo] (TMU), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Ouest])-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay (ENS Paris Saclay), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: spatial heterogenity, Dispersal strategies, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, propagule size, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], coevolution, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, offspring investment, [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
Abstract: Reproductive strategies are defined by a combination of behavioural, morphological, and life-history traits. Reproductive investment and offspring propagule size are two key traits defining reproductive strategies. While a substantial amount of work has been devoted to understanding the independent fitness effects of each of these traits, it remains unclear how coevolution between them ultimately affects the evolution of reproductive strategies, and how this might influence the relationship between dispersal and environmental factors. In this study we explore how the evolution of reproductive strategies defined by these two coevolving traits is influenced by resource availability and spatial structuring of the environment using a simulation model. We find three possible equilibrium strategies across all scenarios: a competitor strategy with high reproductive investment (producing large propagules which disperse short distances), and two coloniser strategies differing in reproductive investment (both producing small propagules which disperse long distances). The possible equilibrium strategies for each scenario depended on starting conditions, spatial structure and resource availability. Evolutionary transitions between these equilibrium strategies were more likely in heterogeneous than homogeneous landscapes and at higher resource levels. Transition from coloniser strategy to competitor strategy was usually a two-step process, with changes in propagule size following initial evolution in investment. This highlights how the interaction between the two trait axes affects the evolution of reproductive strategies, particularly where fitness valleys preclude the simultaneous evolution of traits. Our results highlight the need to incorporate trait coevolution into evolutionary models to help develop a more integrative understanding of the structure of natural populations and how the interaction between traits constrains or hinders evolutionary processes.
Published: 2022

3. Adaptational lags during periods of environmental change

Author: Tom J. M. Van Dooren, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (IEES (UMR_7618 / UMR_D_242 / UMR_A_1392 / UM_113) )
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Adaptive control, Environmental change, Computer science, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, invasion analysis, adaptive control, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Effects of global warming, Econometrics, Adaptation, Selection (genetic algorithm), 030304 developmental biology, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, 0303 health sciences, [SDV.GEN.GPO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Maternal effect, maladaptation, climate change, pest management, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, evolutionary ecology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: Effects of climate change can be handled by means of mitigation and adaptation. In the biological sciences, adaptations are evolved solutions of engineering problems where organisms need to match an ecological challenge. Based on Adaptive Dynamics theory, a definition is proposed of adapted states and adaptational lags which is applicable during periods with environmental change of any speed and to any character. Adaptation can thus be studied even when it emerges from complex eco-evolutionary processes and targets for adaptation are not defined or known a priori. The approach is exemplified with a model for delayed germination (germination probability) in an annual plant, which is the classic life history example for adaptation to uncertain environments. Plasticity and maternal effects are added to the model to investigate lags in these modes of trait determination which are often presumed to be adaptive. In the example, adaptational lags are not converging to an equilibrium and change sign. For the model version with plasticity and maternal effect weights, the presence of a lag in these trait components can temporarily change the direction of selection on the genotypic weight. Adaptational lag is related to the establishment probability of mutants in the model example. It could therefore have practical relevance. A first general classification is proposed of model structures that include both adaptive control and evolutionary adaptation.
Published: 2022

4. No coordination required for resources allocation during colony fission in a social insect? An individual-based model reproduces empirical patterns

Author: Thibaud Monnin, François Lavallée, Guillaume Chérel, Institut des Systèmes Complexes - Paris Ile-de-France (ISC-PIF), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut Curie [Paris]-École polytechnique (X)-École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAe, UR LISC, Centre de Clermont-Ferrand, 63178 Aubière, France, École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut Curie [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut Curie [Paris]-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'ingénierie pour les systèmes complexes (UR LISC), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Curie [Paris]-Sorbonne Université (SU)-École polytechnique (X)-École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1), École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Curie [Paris]-École polytechnique (X), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Insecta, Computer science, NetLogo, Process (engineering), Behavioural sciences, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, ants, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, decision making, Resource Allocation, Task (project management), Microeconomics, 03 medical and health sciences, Animals, OpenMole, Social Behavior, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, computer.programming_language, 0303 health sciences, model calibration, Ant colony, Cataglyphis piliscapa, Resource allocation, Nesting (computing), [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Relocation, computer
Abstract: International audience; Social insects are classic examples of cooperation and coordination. For instance, laboratory studies of colony relocation, or house-hunting, have investigated how workers coordinate their efforts to swiftly move the colony to the best nesting site available while preserving colony integrity, i.e. avoiding a split. However, several studies have shown that, in some other contexts, individuals may use private rather than social information and may act solitarily rather than in a coordinated way. Here, we study resource allocation by a mature ant colony when it reproduces by fissioning into several colonies. This is a very different task than house-hunting in that colony fission seeks the split of the colony. We develop a simple individual-based model to test if colony fission and resource allocation may be carried out by workers acting solitarily with no coordination. Our model reproduces well the pattern of allocation observed in nature (number and size of new colonies). This does not show that workers do not communicate nor coordinate. Rather, it suggests that independent decision making may be an important component of the process of resource allocation.
Published: 2021

5. Disentangling temporal and population variability in plant root water uptake from stable isotopic analysis: when rooting depth matters in labeling studies

Author: Couvreur, Valentin, Rothfuss, Youri, Meunier, Félicien, Bariac, Thierry, Biron, Philippe, Durand, Jean-Louis, Richard, Patricia, Javaux, Mathieu, Earth and Life Institute [Louvain-La-Neuve] (ELI), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Institute of Bio- and Geosciences [Jülich] (IBG), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Computational & Applied Vegetation Ecology (CAVElab), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères (P3F), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), UCL - SST/ELI/ELIA - Agronomy, UCL - SST/ELI/ELIE - Environmental Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT)
Subjects: [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Root water uptake, ddc:550
Abstract: Isotopic labeling techniques have the potential to minimize the uncertainty of plant root water uptake (RWU) profiles estimated using multisource (statistical) modeling by artificially enhancing the soil water isotopic gradient. On the other end of the modeling continuum, physical models can account for hydrodynamic constraints to RWU if simultaneous soil and plant water status data are available. In this study, a population of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea cv. Soni) was grown in amacro-rhizotron and monitored for a 34 h long period following the oxygen stable isotopic (18O) labeling of deep soil water. Aboveground variables included tiller and leaf water oxygen isotopic compositions (δtiller and δleaf, respectively) as well as leaf water potential (ψleaf), relative humidity, and transpiration rate. Belowground profiles of root length density (RLD), soil water content, and isotopic composition were also sampled. While there were strong correlations between hydraulic variables as well as between isotopic variables, the experimental results underlined the partial disconnect between the temporal dynamics of hydraulic and isotopic variables. In order to dissect the problem, we reproduced both types of observations with a one-dimensional physical model of water flow in the soil–plant domain for 60 different realistic RLD profiles. While simulated ψleaf followed clear temporal variations with small differences across plants, as if they were “onboard the same roller coaster”, simulated δtiller values within the plant population were rather heterogeneous (“swarm-like”) with relatively little temporal variation and a strong sensitivity to rooting depth. Thus, the physical model explained the discrepancy between isotopic and hydraulic observations: the variability captured by δtiller reflected the spatial heterogeneity in the rooting depth in the soil region influenced by the labeling and may not correlate with the temporal dynamics of ψleaf. In other words, ψleaf varied in time with transpiration rate, while δtiller varied across plants with rooting depth. For comparison purposes, a Bayesian statistical model was also used to simulate RWU. While it predicted relatively similar cumulative RWU profiles, the physical model could differentiate the spatial from the temporal dynamics of the isotopic composition. An important difference between the two types of RWU models was the ability of the physical model to simulate the occurrence of hydraulic lift in order to explain concomitant increases in the soil water content and the isotopic composition observed overnight above the soil labeling region.
Published: 2020

6. The Neglected Belowground Dimension of Plant Dominance

Author: Stefano Chelli, Tristan Charles-Dominique, Giandiego Campetella, Gianluigi Ottaviani, Rafael Molina-Venegas, Jitka Klimešová, Roberto Canullo, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Universidad de Alcalá - University of Alcalá (UAH), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Università degli Studi di Camerino = University of Camerino (UNICAM), and Charles University [Prague] (CU)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Biomass scaling, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Biome, Biology, 15. Life on land, Plants, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Plant Roots, Geography, Biomass allocation, Dominance (ecology), Ecosystem, Evolutionary ecology, Biomass, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Dominants are key species that shape ecosystem functioning. Plant dominance is typically assessed on aboveground features. However, belowground, individual species may not scale proportionally in relation to their aboveground dimension. This is especially important in ecosystems where most biomass is allocated belowground, including grassy and shrubby biomes.
Published: 2020

7. Half of the (big) picture is missing!

Author: Tristan Charles-Dominique, Jitka Klimešová, Gianluigi Ottaviani, Jana Martínková, Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Charles University [Prague] (CU), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Belowground organs, tubers, coarse roots, plant drawing, fine roots, Plant Science, Biology, rhizomes, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Genealogy, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Genetics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2020

8. A review of the socioecological causes and consequences of cyanobacterial blooms in Lake Victoria

Author: Ronald Semyalo, Bernard Montuelle, Mark Olokotum, Catherine Quiblier, Veronica Mitroi, Marc Troussellier, Jean-François Humbert, William Okello, Cécile Bernard, Makerere University [Kampala, Ouganda] (MAK), National Fisheries Resources Research Institute (NaFIRI) (NaFIRI), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-organismes (MCAM), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Alpin de Recherche sur les Réseaux Trophiques et Ecosystèmes Limniques (CARRTEL), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), National Fisheries Resources Research Institue (NaFIRI), Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), French Facility for Global Environment (Fonds Francais pour l'Environnement Mondial, FFEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), and Université de Paris (UP)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Resource (biology), Watershed, Microcystis, Drainage basin, Water supply, Plant Science, 010501 environmental sciences, Aquatic Science, Cyanobacteria, 01 natural sciences, Freshwater ecosystem, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Deforestation, 14. Life underwater, Ecosystem, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, business.industry, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, 15. Life on land, Eutrophication, 6. Clean water, Lakes, 13. Climate action, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business, Water use
Abstract: International audience; Africa is experiencing high annual population growth in its major river basins. This growth has resulted in significant land use change and pollution pressures on the freshwater ecosystems. Among them, the Lake Victoria basin, with more than 42 million people, is a unique and vital resource that provides food and drinking water in East Africa. However, Lake Victoria (LV) has experienced a progressive eutrophication and substantial changes in the fish community leading to recurrent proliferation of water hyacinth and cyanobacteria. Based on an extensive literature review, we show that cyanobacterial biomasses and microcystin concentrations are higher in the bays and gulfs (B&Gs) than in the open lake (OL), with Microcystis and Dolichospermum as the dominant genera. These differences between the B&Gs and the OL are due to differences in their hydrological conditions and in the origins, type and quantities of nutrients. Using data from the literature, we describe the multiple ways in which the human population growth in the LV watershed is connected to the increasing occurrence of cyanobacterial blooms in the OL and B&Gs. We also described the consequences of cyanobacterial blooms on food resources and fishing and on direct water use and water supply of local populations, with their potential consequences on the human health. Finally, we discuss the actions that have been taken for the protection of LV. Although many projects have been implemented in the past years in order to improve the management of waste waters or to reduce deforestation and erosion, the huge challenge of the reduction of cyanobacterial blooms in LV by the control of eutrophication seems far from being achieved.
Published: 2020

9. Land use strongly influences soil organic carbon and bacterial community export in runoff in tropical uplands

Author: Sylvain Huon, Olivier Ribolzi, Thomas Pommier, Huong T. Le, Keooudone Latsachack, Jean-Louis Janeau, Emma Rochelle-Newall, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne - UMR 5557 (LEM), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Soils and Fertilizers Research Institute (SFRI), Vietnam Academy of Agricultural Sciences (VAAS), UMR 242, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Ouest]), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Partenaires INRAE, French National Research Agency (ANR) ANR-13-AGRO-0007, ANR-13-AGRO-0007,TecItEasy,Effets conjugués de l'expansion des plantations d'arbres et du changement climatique sur le fonctionnement hydro-sédimentaire des bassins versants tropicaux de montagne: la diversité microbienne aquatique comme un proxy de la conversion d'usage des terres(2013), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Soil Science, 010501 environmental sciences, Development, unsustainable land use, 01 natural sciences, complex mixtures, Soil functions, Dissolved organic carbon, Environmental Chemistry, Nitrogen cycle, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, 2. Zero hunger, Total organic carbon, soil erosion, land degradation, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Soil carbon, 15. Life on land, Soil quality, Agronomy, rain simulation, 13. Climate action, bacterial function, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Surface runoff, Surface water
Abstract: Early Access: NOV 2019; International audience; Rapid development and associated land-use change have resulted in increased soil erosion and widespread land degradation in tropical ecosystems. Precipitation-induced soil erosion causes the export of soil organic carbon (SOC) and the associated bacterial community affecting soil quality and functioning. We assessed the transfer of SOC and soil bacterial diversity and functions in surface water runoff from different land uses: Teak with and without understory (TW and TWO, respectively) and upland rice (UR) in a tropical, upland catchment during a simulated rain event. Total suspended sediment (TSS) concentration was higher in TWO (1.23 +/- 0.21 g L-1) than in TW (0.37 +/- 0.16 g L-1) and UR (0.44 +/- 0.2 g L-1), whereas dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration was lower under TWO (3.8 +/- 0.7 mg L-1) than under TW or UR (13.4 +/- 7.5 and 9.57 +/- 4.8 mg L-1, respectively). Runoff from TWO harboured the highest proportion of bacterial taxa common to soil (27% and 29.5%) as compared with TW (22.8% and 13%) and UR (17.3% and 7%) for both particle attached and free-living fractions, respectively. Bacterial community export in surface runoff was driven by changes in DOC and TSS, suggesting that eroded soil particles simultaneously carry organic carbon and attached bacterial taxa in surface runoff. Consequently, the export of soil functional groups relating to organic carbon degradation and nitrogen cycle was higher under TWO than in TW or UR. Our results underline that teak plantations with unsustainable practices such as the removal of understory degrades soil functions and accelerates land degradation through soil erosion and surface runoff on the long term.
Published: 2020

10. Acclimation to Water Restriction Implies Different Paces for Behavioral and Physiological Responses in a Lizard Species

Author: Jean-François Le Galliard, Sandrine Meylan, Beatriz Decencière, Simon Agostini, David Rozen-Rechels, Kenza Qitout, Andréaz Dupoué, Le Galliard, Jean-François, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Laboratoire Ecologie et évolution, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CEREEP-Ecotron Ile de France (UMS 3194), Département de Biologie - ENS Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-17-CE02-0013,AQUATHERM,Rôles de la régulation hydrique et thermique dans les réponses écologiques au changement climatique(2017), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (IEES (UMR_7618 / UMR_D_242 / UMR_A_1392 / UM_113) ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département de Biologie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: Male, Physiology, evap- orative water loss, Acclimatization, 030310 physiology, media_common.quotation_subject, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Zoology, water availability, exploration, Biochemistry, Annual growth %, 03 medical and health sciences, Sex Factors, biology.animal, [SDV.BA.ZV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Vertebrate Zoology, evaporative water loss, Animals, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, media_common, 0303 health sciences, Behavior, Animal, Water Deprivation, biology, Lizard, activity, Lizards, Water Loss, Insensible, Physiological responses, reptiles, Summer season, [SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, 13. Climate action, Ectotherm, Female, Animal Science and Zoology, [SDV.BA.ZV] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Vertebrate Zoology, Reproduction, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, body temperature, metabolism, Loss rate
Abstract: International audience; Chronic changes in climate conditions may select for acclimation responses in terrestrial animals living in fluctuating environments and beneficial acclimation responses may be key to the resilience of these species to global changes. Despite evidence that climate warming induces changes in water availability, acclimation responses to water restriction are understudied relative to thermal acclimation. In addition, acclimation responses may involve different modes, paces and trade-offs between physiological and behavioral traits. Here, we tested the dynamical acclimation responses of a dry-skinned terrestrial ectotherm to a chronic water restriction. Yearling common lizards (Zootoca vivipara) were exposed to a sub-lethal water restriction during 2 months of the summer season in laboratory conditions, then released in outdoor conditions for 10 additional months. Candidate behavioral (exploration, basking, and thermal preferences) and physiological traits (metabolism at rest and standard water loss rate) potentially involved in the acclimation response were measured repeatedly during and after water restriction. We observed a sequential acclimation response in water restricted animals (yearlings spent less time basking during the first weeks of water deprivation) which was followed by delayed sex-specific physiological consequences of the water restriction during the following months (thermal depression in males and lower standard evaporative water loss rates in females). Despite short-term negative effects of water restriction on body growth, annual growth, survival and reproduction were not significantly different between water restricted and control yearlings. This demonstrates that beneficial acclimation responses to water restriction involve both short-term flexible behavioral responses and delayed changes in thermal and water biology traits.
Published: 2020

11. Chronic elevation of glucorticoids late in life generates long lasting changes in physiological state without a life history switch

Author: Jean-François Le Galliard, Claudy Haussy, Sandrine Meylan, Beatriz Decencière, Rémy Josserand, Simon Agostini, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris (IEES Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), CEREEP-Ecotron Ile de France (UMS 3194), Département de Biologie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Le Galliard, Jean-François, PSL Research University (PSL), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (IEES (UMR_7618 / UMR_D_242 / UMR_A_1392 / UM_113) )
Subjects: Male, Offspring, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Physiology, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, medicine.disease_cause, Antioxidants, Life history theory, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Endocrinology, Corticosterone, Stress, Physiological, biology.animal, [SDV.BA.ZV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Vertebrate Zoology, medicine, Animals, Chronic stress, Glucocorticoids, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, Life Cycle Stages, biology, Lizard, Stressor, Maternal effect, Lizards, [SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, chemistry, Sample Size, [SDV.BA.ZV] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Vertebrate Zoology, Animal Science and Zoology, Female, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Oxidative stress
Abstract: Chronic stressors have profound impacts on phenotypes and life history strategies on the short term, but delayed effects of stress experienced late in life remain poorly investigated in wild populations. Here, we used a combined laboratory and field experiment to test if chronic stress late in life has immediate and delayed effects on physiological and demographic traits in the common lizard, Zootoca vivipara. We increased plasma corticosterone levels in adults and yearlings during three weeks of the post-reproductive season. We quantified immediate responses in the laboratory, delayed intra-generational effects in field enclosures one month and one year later during the next reproductive season, and delayed inter-generational effects in the first generation of offspring. Our phenotypic assays included metabolism, immune capacities, lipid metabolism and oxidative stress. Relative to placebos, lizards treated with corticosterone had higher body condition and lower oxidative damages but an increased skin swelling response directly after the manipulation. Delayed responses in field enclosures were of three types. First, we found catch-up growth for body mass such the placebos had similar body conditions one month after the laboratory manipulation. Second, we found persistent differences in oxidative damages during one month but not one year later. Third, during the next reproductive season, corticosterone-treated females had higher levels of plasma triglycerides, whereas corticosterone-treated individuals had a higher skin swelling response. We found no delayed inter-generational effects on demographic traits of offspring. Our study demonstrates the potential for long-lasting physiological consequences of chronic corticosterone enhancement despite no obvious changes in life history.
Published: 2020

12. Water availability and temperature induce changes in oxidative status during pregnancy in a viviparous lizard

Author: Jean Clobert, Sandrine Meylan, Beatriz Decencière, Donald B. Miles, Pauline Blaimont, Jean-François Le Galliard, Simon Agostini, Murielle Richard, Andréaz Dupoué, David Rozen-Rechels, Rémi Martin, Station d'écologie théorique et expérimentale (SETE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of California [Santa Cruz] (UC Santa Cruz), University of California (UC), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Ecologie et évolution, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ohio University, CEREEP-Ecotron Ile de France (UMS 3194), Département de Biologie - ENS Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Le Galliard, Jean-François, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), University of California [Santa Cruz] (UCSC), University of California, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-17-CE02-0013,AQUATHERM,Rôles de la régulation hydrique et thermique dans les réponses écologiques au changement climatique(2017), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (IEES (UMR_7618 / UMR_D_242 / UMR_A_1392 / UM_113) ), Fonctionnement et évolution des systèmes écologiques (FESE), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Station d’Ecologie Expérimentale du CNRS à Moulis (SEEM), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dept Ecol Evol Biol, Univ California SC (EEB-UCSC), University of California-University of California, and École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, reactive oxygen metabolites, Offspring, media_common.quotation_subject, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, water, Zoology, antioxidant capacity, medicine.disease_cause, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, biology.animal, [SDV.BA.ZV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Vertebrate Zoology, medicine, ectotherm, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Organism, media_common, Pregnancy, biology, Reproductive success, Lizard, temperature, medicine.disease, fitness, [SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, 13. Climate action, Ectotherm, [SDV.BA.ZV] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Vertebrate Zoology, pregnancy, Reproduction, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Oxidative stress, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Reproduction involves considerable reorganization in an organism's physiology that incurs potential toxicity for cells (e.g., oxidative stress) and decrease in fitness. This framework has been the cornerstone of the so-called 'oxidative cost of reproduction', a theory that remains controversial and relatively overlooked in non-model ectotherms. Here, we used two complementary approaches in natural and controlled conditions to test whether altered access to climate conditions (water and temperature resources) alters oxidative status and mediates reproductive trade-offs in viviparous populations of the common lizard (Zootoca vivipara). First, we examined whether access to free-standing water and differences in ambient temperature across 12 natural populations could be related to variation in oxidative status, reproductive effort and reproductive success. Second, we determined whether an experimental restriction to water triggers higher oxidative cost of reproduction and correlates with fitness measures (reproductive success, future survival rate and probability of future reproduction). Pregnant females exhibited higher sensitivity than males to natural or experimental limitations in temperature and water access. That is, in restricted environments, pregnant females with higher reproductive effort exhibited stronger oxidative damage despite enhanced non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity. Enhanced antioxidant defensive capacity in pregnant females was positively correlated with higher reproductive success, whereas elevated oxidative damage negatively correlated with offspring annual survival. Altogether, our results revealed a context-dependent oxidative cost of reproduction that was concomitant with a conflict in water demand from offspring. These new insights should be critical for understanding ectotherm responses to heat waves and summer droughts that are increasing in frequency and duration. A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Published: 2019

13. Exploring the odor space of Spodoptera littoralis larvae

Author: Caballero-Vidal, Gabriela, Bouysset, Cédric, Fiorucci, Sébastien, Golebiowski, Jerôme, Meslin, Camille, Monsempes, Christelle, François, M.C., Montagné, Nicolas, Jacquin-Joly, Emmanuelle, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Chimie de Nice (ICN), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly] (PRC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Ouest])-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay (ENS Paris Saclay), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), FIORUCCI, Sébastien, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur] (IFCE)-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: [CHIM.THEO]Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, [SDV.BBM.BP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biophysics, [CHIM.THEO] Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, [CHIM] Chemical Sciences, [CHIM.CHEM] Chemical Sciences/Cheminformatics, [SDV.BBM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, [SDV.BBM.BP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biophysics, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, [INFO.INFO-BI]Computer Science [cs]/Bioinformatics [q-bio.QM], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [CHIM.CHEM]Chemical Sciences/Cheminformatics, [INFO.INFO-BI] Computer Science [cs]/Bioinformatics [q-bio.QM]
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2019

14. Prédictions in silico de ligands actifs sur les récepteurs olfactifs du papillon de nuit Spodoptera littoralis

Author: Caballero-Vidal, Gabriela, Bouysset, Cédric, Fiorucci, Sébastien, Montagne, Nicolas, Golebiowski, Jerôme, Jacquin-Joly, Emmanuelle, FIORUCCI, Sébastien, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Chimie de Nice (ICN), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: [CHIM.THEO]Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, [CHIM.THEO] Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, [CHIM] Chemical Sciences, [CHIM.CHEM] Chemical Sciences/Cheminformatics, [SDV.BBM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, [SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], [INFO.INFO-BI]Computer Science [cs]/Bioinformatics [q-bio.QM], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [CHIM.CHEM]Chemical Sciences/Cheminformatics, [INFO.INFO-BI] Computer Science [cs]/Bioinformatics [q-bio.QM]
Abstract: National audience
Published: 2019

15. La réhabilitation d’une friche urbaine : le projet PICRI

Author: Bagard, Matthieu, Leitão, Luís, Repellin, Anne, Barth, Franz, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Direction des espaces verts et paysage – Conseil départemental du Val-de-Marne, Le Roux, Julien, and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: [SDE] Environmental Sciences, [SDE]Environmental Sciences
Abstract: National audience; Espace naturel sensible de Pierre-Fitte (Villeneuve-le-Roi, 94) : Bilan des projets de recherche-action en écologie urbaine RéSOLU (Réhabilitation d’un SOL Urbain, 2014-2016) et ReFUJ (Reconversion d’une Friche Urbaine en Jardin, 2015-2017). Localisée à Villeneuve-le-Roi, le site de la Pierre Fitte couvre 8,2 ha intégralement classés en Espace naturel sensible depuis 2013. Il constitue un élément de la trame verte départementale dont la position en bords de Seine lui confère un intérêt particulier et l’inclut dans l’axe écologique majeur et structurant qu’est la Seine, ainsi que dans le SchémaRégional de Cohérence Ecologique. Le contexte environnant demeure pour autant dense, urbain et industriel. A partir de 2011, le Département a ainsi décidé d’un projet de valorisation globale du site, par étapes successives. Plusieurs études ont été réalisées, en particulier sur la nature et la valeur des sols, la faune ; mais aussi sur les potentialités d’usages à développer. Aujourd’hui, le site est délimité par une partie ouverte au public qui porte des expérimentations davantage liées à des modalités de gestion et d’aménagements paysagers composant avec les matériaux et caractéristiques naturelles du site et une partie davantage dédiée à des expérimentations scientifiques. Des études préliminaires ont ainsi permis d’identifier au nord du site de la Pierre Fitte une zone de 2 ha présentant des concentrations en éléments traces métalliques (ETM, notamment Pb et Cu) dans le sol. C’est sur cette zone fermée au public qu’ont été menées des analyses et expérimentations permettant d’évaluer les possibilités de dépollution du site par phytoremédiation. Dans un premier temps, un bilan floristique couplé aux analyses de sols a permis d’identifier des espèces locales candidates pour la phytoremédiation du site et d’évaluer le potentiel de phytoremédiation de ces espèces. Dans un deuxième temps, des expérimentations de phytoremédiation active via l’implantation d’espèces végétales stabilisatrices ou extractrices d’ETM ont été conduites afin d’évaluer la faisabilité et l’efficacité de ce type d’approche de dépollution des sols. Plus généralement, la Pierre Fitte est devenu un site atelier pour la recherche en écologie urbaine et quelques exemples d’actions seront abordés.
Published: 2018

16. Profils chimiques des glandes à venin chez les reines, les fondatrices, les gynes pré-hivernantes et les ouvrières du frelon Vespa velutina nigrithorax

Author: Berville, Laurence, Lucas, Christophe, Haouzi, Mélissa, Khalil, Ali, Gévar, Jérémy, Bagnières, A.G., Darrouzet, Éric, Institut de recherche sur la biologie de l'insecte UMR7261 (IRBI), Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Tours (UT), École nationale vétérinaire, agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), This study received funding from the Centre-Val deLoire region, in the form of French regional grants forour FRELON and FRELON 2 projects, as well as fromVeto-pharma and the French administrative depart-ment of La Manche. The TQ-MS was funded by theregion Centre-Val de Loire (APR-IA 2012)., and Berville, Laurence
Subjects: [SDE] Environmental Sciences, Invasive species, Glande à venin, Espèces invasives, Venom gland, Building and Construction, Frelon à pattes jaunes, Communication chimique, Chemical communication, [SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Vespidae, Yellow-legged hornet, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Abstract: Invasive species are permanently modifying the distribution and diversity of native species worldwide. For nearly two decades, a hornet, Vespa velutina nigrithorax (Hymenoptera: Vespidae), has been spreading in Europe. Due to its marked invasiveness, this yellow-legged hornet is of great economic and ecological concern, mainly because of the damage it causes to insects in general and bees in particular. Current management methods are sparse and ineffective. Naturally produced by insects, semio-chemicals have been proposed as integrated management tools in this context, either for disruption or mass trapping, as an alternative tool to conventional nonselective traps. Here, we focused on the venom gland, which produces the alarm pheromone. In previous studies, individuals showed marked diversity in their chemical profiles. However, to successfully conduct targeted pheromone-based trapping, the hornet's chemical ecology must be thoroughly characterized. Therefore, it was necessary to better understand the chemical composition of the alarm pheromone of not only workers but also other V. v. nigrithorax females. First, we evaluated the differences in venom gland profiles between the four types of females: queens, foundresses, pre-winter gynes, and workers. Next, we experimentally explored the venom gland profiles of V. velutina nigrithorax workers and pre-wintering gynes by in vivo and in vitro approaches. We found 13 new compounds in the venom gland, of which 9 were identified (chain lengths: C8 to C12). Two compounds were found exclusively in reproductive females. Profiles differed among pre-wintering gynes, foundresses, and queens but not between pre-wintering gynes and workers. This result indicates that the chemical signature of the female venom gland changes over the course of life history: from pre-wintering gynes to foundresses to queens., Les espèces invasives modifient en permanence la répartition et la diversité des espècesindigènes dans le monde entier. Depuis près de vingt ans, un frelon originaire d’Asie du Sud-Est,Vespa velutina nigrithorax (Hymenoptera : Vespidae), se répand en Europe. En raison de son caractèreinvasif marqué, ce frelon à pattes jaunes suscite de vives inquiétudes sur le plan économique etécologique, principalement en raison des dégâts qu’il cause aux insectes en général et aux abeillesen particulier. Les méthodes de gestion actuelles sont rares et inefficaces. Naturellement produits parles insectes, les produits sémio-chimiques ont été proposés comme outils de gestion intégrée. Dansce contexte, soit pour la perturbation, soit pour le piégeage de masse, en tant qu’outil alternatif auxpièges non sélectifs conventionnels. Ici, nous nous sommes concentrés sur la glande à venin, quiproduit la phéromone d’alarme. Des études antérieures ont montré que les femelles présentaientune variabilité dans les profils chimiques. Cependant, pour mener à bien un piégeage ciblé à basede phéromones, l’écologie chimique du frelon doit être caractérisée de manière approfondie. Il étaitdonc nécessaire de mieux comprendre la composition chimique de la phéromone d’alarme nonseulement des ouvrières, mais également des autres femelles de V. v. nigrithorax. Tout d’abord, nousavons examiné les différences dans les profils des glandes à venin entre les quatre types de femelles :les reines, les fondatrices, les gynes pré-hivernantes et les ouvrières. Ensuite, nous avons exploréexpérimentalement les profils des glandes à venin des ouvrières de V. velutina nigrithorax et des gynespré-hivernantes par des approches in vivo et in vitro. Nous avons constaté la présence de 13 nouveauxcomposés dans la glande à venin, dont 9 ont été identifiés (longueur des chaînes : C8 à C12). Deuxcomposés ont été trouvés exclusivement chez les femelles reproductrices. Les profils diffèrent entreles gynes pré-hivernantes, les fondatrices et les reines, mais pas entre les gynes pré-hivernantes et lesouvrières. Ce résultat indique que la signature chimique de la glande à venin femelle évolue au coursde l’histoire de vie : des gynes pré-hivernantes aux fondatrices, en passant par les reines.
Published: 2023

17. Diversity of greenspace design and management impacts pollinator communities in a densely urbanized landscape: the city of Paris, France

Author: Vincent ZANINOTTO, Arthur FAUVIAU, Isabelle DAJOZ, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Paris Cité (UPCité), and This work was partially funded by the City of Paris (CIFRE n°2018/0699), by the Institut de la Transition Environnementale – Sorbonne University ('Yapudsaison' 2019 and 2020), and by the Société Centrale d’Apiculture (« Pollinisateurs sauvages et communautés végétales urbaines », 2019).
Subjects: Urban Studies, Ecology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Impervious surfaces, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Community ecology, Bees, Spontaneous plants, Functional traits, Ornamental plants
Abstract: The response of insect pollinator communities to increasing urbanization is shaped by landscape and local factors. But what about habitats that are already highly artificial? We investigated the drivers of pollinator diversity in a dense urban matrix, the city of Paris. We monitored insect pollinator communities monthly (March-October) for two consecutive years in 12 green spaces that differed in their management practices, focusing on four insect orders (Hymenoptera, Diptera, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera). Pollinator abundance and species richness were both positively tied to green space size and flowering plant species richness, but negatively linked to surrounding impervious surfaces. In addition, environmental features at both the local and landscape scales influenced the composition and functional diversity of wild bee communities. Indeed, small and large bees responded differently, with the occurrence of large-bodied species being impaired by the proportion of impervious surfaces but strongly enhanced by plant species richness. Also, sites with a majority of spontaneous plant species had more functionally diverse bee communities, with oligolectic species more likely to be found.These results, consistent with the literature, can guide the design and management practices of urban green spaces to promote pollinator diversity and pollination function, even in dense urban environments.
Published: 2023

18. Asexual queen succession mediates an accelerated colony life cycle in the termite Silvestritermes minutus

Author: Klára Dolejšová, Yves Roisin, Sophie Frechault, Romain Fougeyrollas, Jan Křivánek, David Sillam-Dussès, Virginie Roy, Robert Hanus, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Ouest]), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences (IOCB / CAS), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University. Ismailia. Egypt, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Sorbonne Université (SU), EA4443 Laboratoire d'Ethologie Expérimentale et Comparée (LEEC), Université Paris 13 (UP13), Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC), Czech Science Foundation [14-12774S], Grant Agency of the Charles University in Prague [358815], CAS, Prague [RVO: 61388963], Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (IEES (UMR_7618 / UMR_D_242 / UMR_A_1392 / UM_113) ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris 6), Chemistry of Social Insects, The Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (ASCR), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (IEES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Libre de Bruxelles [Bruxelles] (ULB), UMR 242, and Sorbonne Universités
Subjects: Male, 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, life history, Modes of reproduction, Genotype, media_common.quotation_subject, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], termites, Zoology, Isoptera, Alate, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Genetics, Animals, parthenogenesis, Neoteny, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Sex allocation, media_common, Life Cycle Stages, Reproduction, Parthenogenesis, breeding system, Sexual reproduction, 030104 developmental biology, Biological dispersal, Female, asexual queen succession, Silvestritermes minutus, Microsatellite Repeats
Abstract: Mixed modes of reproduction, combining sexual processes with thelytokous parthenogenesis, occur in all major clades of social insects. In several species of termites, queens maximize their genetic input into nondispersing replacement queens through parthenogenesis, while maintaining genetically diverse sterile offspring and dispersing reproductives via sexual reproduction. This so-called asexual queen succession (AQS) has multiple independent origins and its presumed advantages are diverse as well, ranging from multiplication of colony reproductive potential to extension of its life-span beyond that of the foundress. However, how AQS shapes colony life cycles under natural conditions remains poorly known. The neotropical termite Silvestritermes minutus inhabits small but conspicuous nests, offering a unique opportunity to investigate the impact of AQS on life history. We report on its breeding system, life cycle and sex allocation using social structure census in 137 nests and genotyping of 12 colonies at 12 microsatellite loci. We show that colonies are established by an outbred pair of primary reproductives. In less than 2 years, the foundress is replaced by multiple neotenic queens, arising mostly through automixis with central fusion. Sterile castes, male and most (93%) female dispersers are produced sexually. Colony reproduction is usually restricted to a single dispersal of alates with unbiased sex ratio, taking place after 3 years. We conclude that S. minutus benefits from AQS to maximize colony growth rate and alate production within a very short life cycle rather than to extend colony lifespan. This highlights the versatile role of AQS in different cases of its polyphyletic origin.
Published: 2017

19. Behavioural hydroregulation protects against acute effects of drought in a dry-skinned ectotherm

Author: Mathias Dezetter, Jean-François Le Galliard, Olivier Lourdais, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Centre de Recherche en écologie expérimentale et Prédictive ((CEREEP-Ecotron IleDeFrance))
Subjects: [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Humidity gradient, Water, Behaviour, Microclimate selection, Hydroregulation, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract: International audience; During extreme climate events, behavioural thermoregulation may buffer ectotherms from thermal stress and overheating. However, heatwaves are also combined with dry spells and limited water availability, and how much individuals can behaviourally mitigate dehydration risks through microclimate selection remains largely unknown. Herein, we investigated the behavioural and physiological responses to changes in air and microhabitat humidity in a terrestrial ectotherm, the asp viper (Vipera aspis). We exposed individuals to a simulated heatwave together with water deprivation for 3 weeks, and manipulated air water vapour density (wet air vs. dry air) and microclimate (wet shelter vs. dry shelter) in a two-by-two factorial design. Dry air conditions led to substantial physiological dehydration and muscle wasting. Vipers exposed to dry air used more often a shelter that offered a moist microclimate, which reduced dehydration and muscle wasting at the individual level. These results provide the first experimental evidence that active behavioural hydroregulation can mitigate specific physiological stress responses caused by a dry spell in an ectotherm. Future studies investigating organismal responses to climate change should consider moisture gradient in the habitat and integrate both hydroregulation and thermoregulation behaviours.
Published: 2022

20. Effects of phthalate and bisphenol plasticizers on the activity of glycolytic enzymes of the moth Spodoptera littoralis

Author: RIVAS, Johanna, Fuentes, Annabelle, Maria, Annick, Bergerot, Benjamin, Siaussat, David, Renault, D, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), and This work was supported by the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES) [project PE-Agro-Eval 2021-2024]. This project has received financial support from the CNRS through the MITI interdisciplinary programs and its exploratory research program (project CNRS-Miti ‘PLASTIBIO’).
Subjects: [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2023

21. Vulnerability of the savannahs of central Africa facing the last millennium climate: Insight from Lake Petpenoun (Cameroon) pollen, charcoal and carbon isotope record

Author: M. Catrain, A.-M. Lézine, B. Turcq, T. Desjardins, M. Mandeng-Yogo, F. Cetin, G. Achoundong, Variabilité à long terme du climat de l'océan (VALCO), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), National Herbarium, and ANR-18-BELM-0001,ACCEDE,Abrupt Change in Climate and Ecosystems: Where are the Tipping Points?(2018)
Subjects: [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Paleontology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2023

22. The Diversity and Abundance of Soft Rot Pectobacteriaceae Along the Durance River Stream in the Southeast of France Revealed by Multiple Seasonal Surveys

Author: Hajar Ben Moussa, Claire Bertrand, Emma Rochelle-Newall, Sarah Fiorini, Jacques Pédron, Marie-Anne Barny, barny, marie-anne, Stratégie préemptive de surveillance de l'air et de l'eau pour anticiper l'émergence de maladies des plantes liés aux changements paysagers - - SPREE2017 - ANR-17-CE32-0004 - AAPG2017 - VALID, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), CEREEP-Ecotron Ile de France (UMS 3194), Département de Biologie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ANR-17-CE32-0004,SPREE,Stratégie préemptive de surveillance de l'air et de l'eau pour anticiper l'émergence de maladies des plantes liés aux changements paysagers(2017)
Subjects: Ecology, Pectobacterium, [SDV.BID.SPT] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, Plant Science, [SDV.MP.BAC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, Dickeya, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, Agronomy and Crop Science, [SDV.BV.PEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Phytopathology and phytopharmacy, [SDV.BV.PEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Phytopathology and phytopharmacy
Abstract: Although irrigation water is frequently assessed for the presence of plant pathogens, large spatial and temporal surveys that provide clues on the diversity and circulation of pathogens are missing. We evaluate the diversity of soft rot Pectobacteriaceae (SRP) of the genera Dickeya and Pectobacterium over 2 years in a temperate, mixed-use watershed. The abundance of isolated strains correlates with the agricultural gradient along the watershed with a positive correlation found with temperature, nitrate, and dissolved organic carbon water concentration. We characterized 582 strains by amplification and sequencing of the gapA gene. Multilocus sequence analysis, performed with three housekeeping genes for 99 strains, and core genome analysis of 38 sequenced strains, confirmed for all the strains but one, the taxonomic assignation obtained with the sole gapA sequence. Pectobacterium spp. (549 isolates) were far more abundant than Dickeya spp. (33 isolates). Dickeya spp. were only observed in the lower part of the river when water temperature was >19°C, and we experimentally confirmed a decreased fitness of several Dickeya spp. at 8°C in river water. D. oryzae dominates the Dickeya spp. and P. versatile and P. aquaticum dominate the Pectobacterium spp., but their repartition along the watershed was different, with P. versatile being the only species regularly recovered all along the watershed. Excepting P. versatile, the Dickeya and Pectobacterium spp. responsible for disease outbreak on crops were less abundant or rarely detected. This work sheds light on the various ecological behaviors of different SRP types in stream water and indicates that SRP occupation is geographically structured.
Published: 2022

23. Soil organic carbon models need independent time-series validation for reliable prediction

Author: Julia Le Noë, Stefano Manzoni, Rose Abramoff, Tobias Bölscher, Elisa Bruni, Rémi Cardinael, Philippe Ciais, Claire Chenu, Hugues Clivot, Delphine Derrien, Fabien Ferchaud, Patricia Garnier, Daniel Goll, Gwenaëlle Lashermes, Manuel Martin, Daniel Rasse, Frédéric Rees, Julien Sainte-Marie, Elodie Salmon, Marcus Schiedung, Josh Schimel, William Wieder, Samuel Abiven, Pierre Barré, Lauric Cécillon, Bertrand Guenet, Laboratoire de géologie de l'ENS (LGENS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Department of Physical Geography [Stockholm], Stockholm University, Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] (LBNL), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Agroécologie et Intensification Durables des cultures annuelles (UPR AIDA), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), University of Zimbabwe (UZ), Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité de recherche Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers (BEF), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro - UMR 1158 (BioEcoAgro), Université d'Artois (UA)-Université de Liège-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL), Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Info&Sols (Info&Sols), Norsk institutt for bioøkonomi=Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), SILVA (SILVA), AgroParisTech-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Oak Ridge National Laboratory [Oak Ridge] (ORNL), UT-Battelle, LLC, DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY UNIVERSITY OF ZURICH CHE, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology [Santa Barbara] (EEMB), University of California [Santa Barbara] (UC Santa Barbara), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Climate and Global Dynamics Division [Boulder] (CGD), National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR), Institute of Arctic Alpine Research [University of Colorado Boulder] (INSTAAR), University of Colorado [Boulder], Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Etude et Compréhension de la biodiversité (ECODIV), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), This contribution has been partly supported by the grant 'Holistic management practices,modelling and monitoring for European forest soils' (HoliSoils) (Horizon 2020Grant 101000289), by CLand programme (ANR-16-CONV-0003). S.M. has receivedfunding from the European Research Council under the European Union’s Horizon 2020Research and Innovation Programme (Grant 101001608). D.S.G. has benefited from theFrench state aid managed by the ANR under the 'Investissements d’avenir' programmewith the reference ANR-16-CONV-0003. C.C. has received support from French AgenceNationale de la Recherche (StoreSoilC project, grant ANR- 17-CE32-0005) and from EUH2020 European Joint programme EJP SOIL (grant agreement no. 869625). W.R.W.would like to acknowledge United States Department of Agriculture award #2020-67019-31395 and US National Science Foundation award #1926413., ANR-16-CONV-0003,CLAND,CLAND : Changement climatique et usage des terres(2016), ANR-17-CE32-0005,StoreSoilC,Potentiel et durabilité du stockage de carbone dans les sols agricoles(2017), University of Zurich, and Le Noë, Julia
Subjects: P33 - Chimie et physique du sol, U10 - Informatique, mathématiques et statistiques, P40 - Météorologie et climatologie, Carbone organique du sol, 1900 General Earth and Planetary Sciences, technique de prévision, 2300 General Environmental Science, 10122 Institute of Geography, Modélisation, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, U30 - Méthodes de recherche, 910 Geography & travel, Analyse de séries chronologiques, General Environmental Science
Abstract: Numerical models are crucial to understand and/or predict past and future soil organic carbon dynamics. For those models aiming at prediction, validation is a critical step to gain confidence in projections. With a comprehensive review of ~250 models, we assess how models are validated depending on their objectives and features, discuss how validation of predictive models can be improved. We find a critical lack of independent validation using observed time series. Conducting such validations should be a priority to improve the model reliability. Approximately 60% of the models we analysed are not designed for predictions, but rather for conceptual understanding of soil processes. These models provide important insights by identifying key processes and alternative formalisms that can be relevant for predictive models. We argue that combining independent validation based on observed time series and improved information flow between predictive and conceptual models will increase reliability in predictions.
Published: 2023

24. Bioreceptivity of living walls: Interactions between building materials and substrates, and effect on plant growth

Author: Delphine Lewandowski, Henri Robain, Philippe Clergeau, Robert Le Roy, Géométrie, Structure et Architecture (GSA), École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Paris-Malaquais (ENSAPM), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la COnservation (CESCO), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Navier (NAVIER UMR 8205), and École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Gustave Eiffel
Subjects: [SPI.GCIV.CD]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Construction durable, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Ecology, Glasshouse experiment, Vertical Greenery Systems (VGS), Living Wall, Urban Ecosystem, Bioreceptivity, Soil Science, Forestry, Green infrastructure, [SDV.IB.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Biomaterials
Abstract: International audience; Bringing nature into urban areas is largely recognized as one of the multiple benefits of green walls. Among the existing types of living walls, those made from durable building materials have a longer lifespan and require less maintenance than many typical green wall systems. In that context, there is a need to study the bioreceptivity of materials, i.e., their ability to host living organisms. This paper presents a novel method to study the bioreceptivity of materials, by enhancing the biological and physicochemical exchanges in different mixtures of crushed materials and substrates, and by measuring their effect on plant growth. For this experiment, we crushed and sieved four different building materials (3 types of concretes and 1 brick) to increase their contact surface. We then mixed them with substrate with or without compost additions. The mixtures were used as growing media for the cultivation of two wild mural plant species in a glasshouse. Plant growth and the physicochemical evolution of the mixtures were monitored for one year. The study shows the physical and chemical differences between the building materials, their interactions with substrate composition, and their effect on plant growth. Two main results appeared: (i) high pH (>8) was the major constraint against plant growth (ii) compost additions significantly compensated for adverse characteristics of the materials. Assuming that higher plant growth is associated with better bioreceptivity, this experiment introduces a quantitative method that could contribute to the evaluation of the agronomic properties of building materials. The results allow us to make recommendations for Living wall and Technosol design.
Published: 2023

25. Carbon storage in soils

Author: Isabelle Basile-Doelsch, Tiphaine Chevallier, Marie-France Dignac, Amandine Erktan, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: [SDE]Environmental Sciences, carbon storage, soil
Abstract: Key points• Carbon occurs in different forms in soils: in living organisms, dead organic matter with particulate organic matter, organicmolecules, and as inorganic carbon• Soil carbon stock and soil carbon storage are different concepts: a carbon stock is quantified at a given date while its storageis quantified over a period of time• The carbon stock distribution across the planet is heterogeneous, and complex biotic and abiotic processes underlie itsdynamics• For a given soil and climate, the largest stocks are found in forests and grasslands. In comparison, cultivated soils are carbondepleted• Land-use changes and agricultural practices have a major impact on soil carbon stocks: they may have negative, positive ordiverse effects on carbon storage, depending on climate and soil conditions• Soil carbon storage provides socioeconomic benefits as targeted by five Sustainable Development Goals
Published: 2023

26. Intra-annual temperature variability and nutrient enrichment drive seasonal β-diversity in global grasslands

Author: Magda Garbowski, Elizabeth Boughton, Anne Ebeling, Philip Fay, Yann Hautier, Hanna Holz, Anke Jentsch, Stephanie Jurburg, Emma Ladouceur, Jason Martina, Timothy Ohlert, Xavier Raynaud, Christiane Roscher, Grégory Sonnier, Pedro Maximiliano Tognetti, Laura Yahdjian, Peter Wilfahrt, Stan Harpole, Archbold Biological Station’s Buck Island Ranch, FL, Lake Placid, USA, Department of Ecology, Radboud University Nijmegen, Radboud University [Nijmegen], USDA-ARS Grassland, Soil, and Water Research Laboratory, Temple, Utrecht University [Utrecht], University of Bayreuth, University of Groningen, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Universidad de Buenos Aires [Buenos Aires] (UBA), University of Wyoming (UW), Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, and Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
Subjects: [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: In many grasslands, species with specific traits occupy unique temporal positions within communities. Such intra-annual segregation is predicted to be greatest in systems with high intra-annual climate variability because fluctuating environmental conditions provide opportunities for temporal niche partitioning among species. However, because most studies on intra-annual community dynamics have been conducted at individual sites, relationships between intra-annual climate variability and seasonal community dynamics at global scales have not yet been identified. Furthermore, the same characteristics that promote species-specific responses to fluctuations in environmental conditions may also drive species-specific responses to global change drivers such as eutrophication. Research provides evidence that eutrophication alters inter-annual plant community dynamics yet understanding of how it alters intra-annual dynamics remains limited.We used early-season and late-season compositional data collected from 10 grassland sites around the world to ask how intra-annual variability in precipitation and temperature as well as nutrient enrichment shape intra-annual species segregation, or seasonal β-diversity, in plant communities. We also assessed whether changes in the abundances of specific functional groups including annual forbs, perennial forbs, C3 and C4 graminoids, and legumes underpin compositional differences between early- and late-season communities and treatments. We found that intra-annual temperature variability and seasonal β-diversity were positively related but observed no relationship between intra-annual precipitation variability and seasonal β-diversity. This suggests that positive relationships between α-diversity and intra-annual temperature variability identified in earlier studies may be underpinned by the positive influence of intra-annual temperature variability on temporal segregation of species within growing seasons. We found that nutrient enrichment increased seasonal β-diversity via increased turnover of species between early- and late-season communities. This finding mirrors patterns observed at inter-annual scales and suggests fertilization can alter compositional dynamics via similar mechanisms at varied temporal scales. Finally, fertilization reduced the abundance of C4 graminoids and legumes and eliminated intra-annual differences in these groups. In contrast, fertilization resulted in intra-annual differences in C3 graminoids which were not observed in control conditions, and increased abundance of C3 graminoids and annual forbs overall. Our study provides new insight into how intra-annual climate variability and nutrient enrichment influence biodiversity and seasonal dynamics in global grasslands.
Published: 2023

27. Widespread formation of intracellular calcium carbonates by the bloom‐forming cyanobacterium Microcystis

Author: Juliette Gaëtan, Sébastien Halary, Maxime Millet, Cécile Bernard, Charlotte Duval, Sahima Hamlaoui, Amandine Hecquet, Muriel Gugger, Benjamin Marie, Neha Mehta, David Moreira, Fériel Skouri‐Panet, Cynthia Travert, Elodie Duprat, Julie Leloup, Karim Benzerara, Biominéralogie : histoire, mécanismes et applications [IMPMC] (IMPMC_BIOMIN), Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-organismes (MCAM), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cosmochimie [IMPMC] (IMPMC_COSMO), Collection des Cyanobactéries, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Ecologie Systématique et Evolution (ESE), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bioinformatique et BioPhysique [IMPMC] (IMPMC_BIBIP), ATM MNHN BIOCHEMIST, Emergence CaCO3 project of Sorbonne University, Learning Planet Institute and University Paris Cité grant Frontiers of Innovation in Research and Education., ANR-19-CE01-0005,PHOSTORE,Piégeage du phosphore : contribution des bactéries magnétotactiques dans les zones de transition oxique-anoxique(2019), and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)
Subjects: Microcystis, iACC, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, intracellular amorphous calcium carbonates, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [INFO.INFO-BI]Computer Science [cs]/Bioinformatics [q-bio.QM], biomineralization, Microbiology, cyanobacteria, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, bloom
Abstract: International audience; The formation of intracellular amorphous calcium carbonates (iACC) has been recently observed in a few cultured strains of Microcystis, a potentially toxic bloom-forming cyanobacterium found worldwide in freshwater ecosystems. If iACC-forming Microcystis are abundant within blooms, they may represent a significant amount of particulate Ca. Here, we investigate the significance of iACC biomineralization by Microcystis. First, the presence of iACC-forming Microcystis cells has been detected in several eutrophic lakes, indicating that this phenomenon occurs under environmental conditions. Second, some genotypic (presence/absence of ccyA, a marker gene of iACC biomineralization) and phenotypic (presence/absence of iACC) diversity have been detected within a collection of strains isolated from one single lake. This illustrates that this trait is frequent but also variable within Microcystis even at a single locality. Finally, one-third of publicly available genomes of Microcystis were shown to contain the ccyA gene, revealing a wide geographic and phylogenetic distribution within the genus. Overall, the present work shows that the formation of iACC by Microcystis is common under environmental conditions. While its biological function remains undetermined, this process should be further considered regarding the biology of Microcystis and implications on the Ca geochemical cycle in freshwater environments.
Published: 2023

28. Impacts of nutrient addition on soil carbon and nitrogen stoichiometry and stability in globally-distributed grasslands

Author: Katherine S. Rocci, Kaydee S. Barker, Eric W. Seabloom, Elizabeth T. Borer, Sarah E. Hobbie, Jonathan D. Bakker, Andrew S. MacDougall, Rebecca L. McCulley, Joslin L. Moore, Xavier Raynaud, Carly J. Stevens, M. Francesca Cotrufo, Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), University of Minnesota [Twin Cities] (UMN), University of Minnesota System, University of Washington [Seattle], University of Guelph, University of Kentucky, Monash University [Clayton], Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Lancaster University, This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program under Grant No. #1650114. This work has benefited from technical and human resources provided by CEREEP-Ecotron IleDeFrance (CNRS/ENS UMS 3194) as well as financial support from the Regional Council of Ile-de-France under the DIM Program R2DS bearing the reference I-05-098/R., Coordination and data management have been supported by funding to E. Borer and E. Seabloom from the National Science Foundation Research Coordination Network (NSF-DEB-1042132) and Long Term Ecological Research (NSF-DEB-1234162 and NSF-DEB-1831944 to Cedar Creek LTER) programs, and the Institute on the Environment (DG-0001-13). We also thank the Minnesota Supercomputer Institute for hosting project data and the Institute on the Environment for hosting Network meetings. Soil analyses were supported, in part, by USDA-ARS Grant 58-3098-7-007 to ETB., ANR-11-INBS-0001,ANAEE-FR,ANAEE-Services(2011), ANR-10-IDEX-0001,PSL,Paris Sciences et Lettres(2010), and University of Kentucky (UK)
Subjects: Soil organic matter, Nitrogen, Nutrient addition, Nutrient network (NutNet), Particulate organic matter, Grasslands, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Phosphorous, Potassium, Environmental Chemistry, Mineral-associated organic matter, Earth-Surface Processes, Water Science and Technology
Abstract: Global changes will modify future nutrient availability with implications for grassland biogeochemistry. Soil organic matter (SOM) is central to grasslands for both provision of nutrients and climate mitigation through carbon (C) storage. While we know that C and nitrogen (N) in SOM can be influenced by greater nutrient availability, we lack understanding of nutrient effects on C and N coupling and stability in soil. Different SOM fractions have different functional relevance and mean residence times, i.e., mineral-associated organic matter (MAOM) has a higher mean residence time than particulate organic matter (POM). By separating effects of nutrient supply on the different SOM fractions, we can better evaluate changes in soil C and N coupling and stability and associated mechanisms. To this end, we studied responses of C and N ratios and distributions across POM and MAOM to 6–10 years of N, phosphorus (P), potassium and micronutrients (K +µ), and combined NPK +µ additions at 11 grassland sites spanning 3 continents and globally relevant environmental gradients in climate, plant growth, soil texture, and nutrient availability. We found addition of N and NPK +µ generally reduced C:N in MAOM and POM. However, at low fertility and at warm, sandy sites, nutrient addition promoted higher MAOM and POM C:N, respectively. Addition of NPK +µ also promoted C storage in POM relative to MAOM, and this was consistent across sites. Our results suggest that addition of macro- and micronutrients consistently decrease SOM stabilization, whereas responses of soil C:N stoichiometry were contingent on SOM fraction and environmental conditions.
Published: 2022

29. Predicted changes in the functional structure of earthworm assemblages in France driven by climate change

Author: Yoan Fourcade, Mathias Vercauteren, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: climate change, species traits, functional evenness, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, functional divergence, functional richness, earthworm, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, species distribution modelling, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, secological niche modelling
Abstract: International audience; AimSpecies shift their ranges as a consequence of climate change, hence modifying the structure of local assemblages. This may have important consequences for ecosystem functioning in the case of ecosystem engineers such as earthworms, especially when community restructuring leads to an alteration of their functional diversity. Here, we aimed to model the potential modification of the functional diversity of French earthworm assemblages in a context of climate change.LocationMetropolitan France.MethodsWe fitted boosted regression trees to earthworm data collected using a standardized protocol across France in the 1960s. We used model projections constrained by a macroecological model of species richness to predict the composition of earthworm assemblages in the present and in two scenarios of climate change and two future time periods. We coupled these results with a large set of species traits to calculate predicted changes in functional diversity, which we summarized by ecoregion.ResultsModels predicted a clear decline in functional richness between the period of sampling and nowadays which are expected to continue in the future, with substantial differences depending on ecoregions and on whether species will be able to disperse or not. However, predicted changes in functional evenness and divergence are much weaker, suggesting that climate change will not affect all facets of functional diversity in the same way.Main ConclusionsOur results mostly pointed to a potential reduction of the functional richness of earthworm communities in the future, but this predicted loss of diversity could be weaker if species are able to colonize new suitable sites or to persist in microclimate refugia. There are concerns, though, that these changes lead to an alteration of soil processes and of the ecosystem services they provide.
Published: 2022

30. Upside down sulphate dynamics in a saline inland lake

Author: Rosanna Margalef-Marti, Mathieu Sebilo, Aubin Thibault De Chanvalon, Pierre Anschutz, Céline Charbonnier, Béatrice Lauga, Ivan Gonzalez-Alvarez, Emmanuel Tessier, David Amouroux, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut des sciences analytiques et de physico-chimie pour l'environnement et les materiaux (IPREM), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ANR-16-IDEX-0002,E2S,E2S(2016)
Subjects: Ecologia dels llacs, Multidisciplinary, Isòtops, Optical properties, Sulfates, Pearl River Estuary, Biogeochemistry, DOC, Remote sensing, CDOM DOC Optical properties Pearl River Estuary Remote sensing, Biogeoquímica, Isotopes, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, CDOM, Sulfats, Lake ecology
Abstract: The sulphur cycle has a key role on the fate of nutrients through its several interconnected reactions. Although sulphur cycling in aquatic ecosystems has been thoroughly studied since the early 70’s, its characterisation in saline endorheic lakes still deserves further exploration. Gallocanta Lake (NE Spain) is an ephemeral saline inland lake whose main sulphate source is found on the lake bed minerals and leads to dissolved sulphate concentrations higher than those of seawater. An integrative study including geochemical and isotopic characterization of surface water, porewater and sediment has been performed to address how sulphur cycling is constrained by the geological background. In freshwater and marine environments, sulphate concentration decreases with depth are commonly associated with bacterial sulphate reduction (BSR). However, in Gallocanta Lake sulphate concentrations in porewater increase from 60 mM at the water–sediment interface to 230 mM at 25 cm depth. This extreme increase could be caused by dissolution of the sulphate rich mineral epsomite (MgSO4·7H2O). Sulphur isotopic data was used to validate this hypothesis and demonstrate the occurrence of BSR near the water–sediment interface. This dynamic prevents methane production and release from the anoxic sediment, which is advantageous in the current context of global warming. These results underline that geological context should be considered in future biogeochemical studies of inland lakes with higher potential availability of electron acceptors in the lake bed compared to the water column.
Published: 2023

31. Abundance, perceptions and utilizations of termite mounds in Cambodia

Author: Ratha Muon, Chenda Lai, Vincent Hervé, Rainer Zaiss, François Chassagne, Eve Bureau‐Point, Sébastien Marchand, Martine Audibert, Jacques Berger, Frank Wieringa, Arnould Savouré, Kimchhin Sok, Jean‐Dominique Meunier, Vannak Ann, Pascal Jouquet, Institute of Technology of Cambodia [Cambodge] (KHM), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Paris-Saclay Food and Bioproduct Engineering (SayFood), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Pharmacochimie et Biologie pour le Développement (PHARMA-DEV), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT), Centre Norbert Elias (CNELIAS), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Études et de Recherches sur le Développement International (CERDI), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Nutrition et Alimentation des Populations aux Suds (NutriPass), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Démarche intégrée pour l'obtention d'aliments de qualité (UMR QualiSud), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD en Occitanie) (IRD (Occitanie)), AERD Center of Excellence, Royal University of Agriculture (RUA), Phnom Penh, (AERD), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: paddy fields, termite mounds, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], soil fertility, food diversity, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, utilization, Soil Science, ecosystem services, Pollution, Agronomy and Crop Science, medicinal plants, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract: International audience; In the Lower Mekong Basin, paddy fields often appear as mosaics, with soil mounds covered by trees or other plants in a spotty distribution. These soil mounds are commonly named termite ‘lenticular mounds’ because termite bioturbation is considered to be at their origin. Termite mounds host a large diversity of animals and plants, increasing landscape patchiness. Because the preservation of these islands of biodiversity is threatened by modern agricultural practices, the aim of this study was to quantify their abundance and the services they provide to the local population. The abundance of mounds and their use by the population were quantified in a catchment in Cambodia. We found that mounds density reached ~2 mounds ha−1. Interviews carried out within the catchment showed that most of the interviewees used mounds for increasing the fertility of their field and for the cultivation of rice and other plants (e.g. sponge gourd and pumpkin). In addition to their potential to increase plant productivity, the survey revealed that animals (rats and snakes), mushrooms and 13 plant species found on or in mounds were consumed by the population. In addition to potentially contributing to an increase in food diversity, mounds also impacted farmers' health by allowing access to 20 medicinal plant species and indirectly via a reduction in pesticide use. In conclusion, this study is the first attempt to quantify the large number of services provided by termite mounds in Cambodia. This increase in the knowledge of the diversity of environmental and socioeconomic services provided by termite mounds is likely to contribute to their preservation and provide a basis for the sustainable management of biodiversity in paddy fields in the Lower Mekong Basin region
Published: 2023

32. Implications of Drift and Rapid Evolution on Negative Niche Construction

Author: Nguyen Pl, Costa M, Loeuille N, Institut de biologie de l'ENS Paris (IBENS), Département de Biologie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Mathématiques de Toulouse UMR5219 (IMT), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: Consumption (economics), [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, education.field_of_study, Natural selection, Natural resource economics, Population, Tragedy of the commons, Ecological inheritance, Common good, Niche construction, Lead (geology), Economics, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, education
Abstract: Organisms throughout their lives constantly modify their surrounding environment; such activities are often termed niche construction. An important property of niche construction is that its consequences can persist for a long period of time and several subsequent generations can be affected. This phenomenon is described as a time lag in niche construction, or ecological inheritance.Studies have suggested that time lag in niche construction can help avoiding the tragedy of the commons. In other words, it can lead to evolution of contribution to a common good, which is associated with positive niche construction, or to the limitation of a common bad, which is associated with negative niche construction.In this article, we will study the evolutionary consequences of incorporating time lags in a negative niche construction process: waste production. We consider a population that extrudes waste into its environment as it consumes resources to grow and reproduce. Higher consumption rates can lead to higher waste production. Individuals that adopt this selfish strategy are expected to be selected as toxic effects are equally shared among all individuals.We show that indeed this tragedy of the commons persists in many cases and selfish strategies evolve in general. When evolution is rapid and intragenerational time lag is incorporated, however, selfish strategies are no longer favoured and strategies resulting in less waste production can be selected. Importantly, heavy pollution results in smaller population sizes, so that drift becomes more important than natural selection and limits the evolution of higher waste production.
Published: 2023

33. Parasites Make Hosts More Profitable but Less Available to Predators

Author: Loïc Prosnier, Nicolas Loeuille, Florence D. Hulot, David Renault, Christophe Piscart, Baptiste Bicocchi, Muriel Deparis, Matthieu Lam, Vincent Médoc, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon - Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecologie Systématique et Evolution (ESE), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), and Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, fungi, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: Parasites are omnipresent, and their eco-evolutionary significance has aroused much interest from scientists. Parasites may affect their hosts in many ways by altering host density, vulnerability to predation, and energy content, thus modifying profitability within the optimal foraging framework. Consequently, parasites could impact predator diet and trophic links through food webs. Here, we investigate the consequences of the iridovirus Daphnia iridescent virus 1 (DIV-1) infection on the reproductive success, mortality, appearance, mobility, and biochemical composition of water fleas (Daphnia magna), a widespread freshwater crustacean. We compare search time between infected and uninfectedDaphniapreyed by a common aquatic insect (Notonectasp.) as well as the handling time and feeding preference ofNotonectasp. Our findings show that infection does not change fecundity but reduces lifespan and thereby constrains fitness. InfectedDaphniashow reduced mobility and increased color reflectance in the UV and visible domains, which potentially affects their visibility and thus catchability. Infection increases body size and the amount of proteins but does not affect carbohydrate and lipid contents. Although infectedDaphniahad a longer handling time, they are preferred over uninfected individuals by aquatic insects. Taken together, our findings show that DIV-1 infection could makeDaphniamore profitable to predators (21% energy increase), a positive effect that should be balanced with density reductions due to higher mortalities. We also highlight that exposure to infection in asymptomatic individuals leads to ecological characteristics that differ from both healthy and symptomatic infected individuals.
Published: 2023

34. Lizards from warm and declining populations are born with extremely short telomeres

Author: Andréaz Dupoué, Pauline Blaimont, Frédéric Angelier, Cécile Ribout, David Rozen-Rechels, Murielle Richard, Donald Miles, Pierre de Villemereuil, Alexis Rutschmann, Arnaud Badiane, Fabien Aubret, Olivier Lourdais, Sandrine Meylan, Julien Cote, Jean Clobert, Jean-François Le Galliard, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Rider University, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale (SETE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Fédération de Recherche Agrobiosciences, Interactions et Biodiversité (FR AIB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ohio University, Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), CEREEP-Ecotron Ile de France (UMS 3194), Département de Biologie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-13-JSV7-0011,DESTRESS,Dégradation de l'habitat et stress hormonal : combiner théorie physiologique et biologie de la conservation(2013), ANR-17-CE02-0013,AQUATHERM,Rôles de la régulation hydrique et thermique dans les réponses écologiques au changement climatique(2017), European Project: 87779,ECOFEED, European Project, Le Galliard, Jean-François, Jeunes Chercheuses et Jeunes Chercheurs - Dégradation de l'habitat et stress hormonal : combiner théorie physiologique et biologie de la conservation - - DESTRESS2013 - ANR-13-JSV7-0011 - JC - VALID, Rôles de la régulation hydrique et thermique dans les réponses écologiques au changement climatique - - AQUATHERM2017 - ANR-17-CE02-0013 - AAPG2017 - VALID, ECOFEED - ECOFEED - 0000-00-00 - 0000-00-00 - 87779 - VALID, Interreg POCTEFA ECTOPYR - INCOMING, Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE)
Subjects: Risk, Aging, Multidisciplinary, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Reproduction, aging, Population Dynamics, Lizards, ectotherms, Telomere, telomeres, Extinction, Biological, Global Warming, life-history tradeoffs, [SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDV.BA.ZV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Vertebrate Zoology, Animals, [SDV.BA.ZV] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Vertebrate Zoology, Female, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Telomere Shortening, population extinction
Abstract: Aging is the price to pay for acquiring and processing energy through cellular activity and life history productivity. Climate warming can exacerbate the inherent pace of aging, as illustrated by a faster erosion of protective telomere DNA sequences. This biomarker integrates individual pace of life and parental effects through the germline, but whether intra- and intergenerational telomere dynamics underlies population trends remains an open question. Here, we investigated the covariation between life history, telomere length (TL), and extinction risk among three age classes in a cold-adapted ectotherm ( Zootoca vivipara ) facing warming-induced extirpations in its distribution limits. TL followed the same threshold relationships with population extinction risk at birth, maturity, and adulthood, suggesting intergenerational accumulation of accelerated aging rate in declining populations. In dwindling populations, most neonates inherited already short telomeres, suggesting they were born physiologically old and unlikely to reach recruitment. At adulthood, TL further explained females’ reproductive performance, switching from an index of individual quality in stable populations to a biomarker of reproductive costs in those close to extirpation. We compiled these results to propose the aging loop hypothesis and conceptualize how climate-driven telomere shortening in ectotherms may accumulate across generations and generate tipping points before local extirpation.
Published: 2023

35. Native and exotic plants play different roles in urban pollination networks across seasons

Author: Elisa Thébault, Isabelle Dajoz, Vincent Zaninotto, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Paris Cité (UPCité), and This work was partially funded by the City of Paris (CIFRE n°2018/0699), by the Institut de la Transition Environnementale‑Sorbonne University ('Yapudsaison' 2019 and 2020), and by the Société Centrale d’Apiculture («Pollinisateurs sauvages et communautés végétales urbaines», 2019)
Subjects: Nestedness, Phenology, Invasive species, Green spaces, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Specialization
Abstract: Urban areas often host exotic plant species, whether managed or spontaneous. These plants are suspected of affecting pollinator diversity and the structure of pollination networks. However, in dense cityscapes, exotic plants also provide additional flower resources during periods of scarcity, and the consequences for the seasonal dynamics of networks still need to be investigated. For two consecutive years, we monitored monthly plant-pollinator networks in twelve greenspaces of Paris, France. We focused on seasonal variations in the availability and attractiveness of flower resources, comparing native and exotic plants at both the species and community levels. We also considered their respective contributions to networks properties over time (specialization and nestedness). Exotic plants provided more abundant and diverse flower resources than native plants, especially late in the season. However, native plants received more visits and attracted more pollinator species, both at the community and species levels. Exotic plants were involved in more generalist interactions, and this became more so as the season progressed. In addition, they contributed more to network nestedness than native plants. These results show that exotic plants are major components of plant-pollinator interactions in a dense urban landscape, even though they are less attractive to diverse pollinators. They constitute a core of generalist interactions that increase nestedness and can participate in the overall stability of the network. However, most exotic species were seldom visited by insects. Pollinator communities may benefit from including more native species, as well as entomophilous varieties of exotic plants, when managing urban greenspaces.
Published: 2023

36. Current controversies on mechanisms controlling soil carbon storage: implications for interactions with practitioners and policy-makers. A review

Author: Delphine Derrien, Pierre Barré, Isabelle Basile-Doelsch, Lauric Cécillon, Abad Chabbi, Alexandra Crème, Sébastien Fontaine, Ludovic Henneron, Noémie Janot, Gwenaëlle Lashermes, Katell Quénéa, Frédéric Rees, Marie-France Dignac, Unité de recherche Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers (BEF), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Plateforme de géochimie isotopique ASTER-CEREGE, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité Mixte de Recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial - UMR (UREP), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Etude et Compréhension de la biodiversité (ECODIV), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: Carbon storage, POM, InaccessibilityModels, Big data, Environmental Engineering, Management practices, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Chemical recalcitrance, Biomass use, Agronomy and Crop Science
Abstract: There is currently an intense debate about the potential for additional organic carbon storage in soil, the strategies by which it may be accomplished and what the actual benefits might be for agriculture and the climate. Controversy forms an essential part of the scientific process, but on the topic of soil carbon storage, it may confuse the agricultural community and the general public and may delay actions to fight climate change. In an attempt to shed light on this topic, the originality of this article lies in its intention to provide a balanced description of contradictory scientific opinions on soil carbon storage and to examine how the scientific community can support decision-making despite the controversy. In the first part, we review and attempt to reconcile conflicting views on the mechanisms controlling organic carbon dynamics in soil. We discuss the divergent opinions about chemical recalcitrance, the microbial or plant origin of persistent soil organic matter, the contribution of particulate organic matter to additional organic carbon storage in soil, and the spatial and energetic inaccessibility of soil organic matter to decomposers. In the second part, we examine the advantages and limitations of big data management and modeling, which are essential tools to link the latest scientific theories with the actions taken by stakeholders. Finally, we show how the analysis and discussion of controversies can guide scientists in supporting stakeholders for the design of (i) appropriate trade-offs for biomass use in agriculture and forestry and (ii) climate-smart management practices, keeping in mind their still unresolved effects on soil carbon storage.
Published: 2023

37. Environmental correlates of body size influence range size and extinction risk: A global study in rodents

Author: Yoan Fourcade, Bader Alhajeri, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Kuwait University
Subjects: [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Global and Planetary Change, Bergmann's rule, body length, Ecology, NDVI, extinction, morphology, range sizerodent, conservation, climate, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract: International audience; Aim: Species-level traits, such as body and range sizes, are important correlates of extinction risk. However, both are often related and are driven by environmental factors. Here, we elucidated links between environmental factors, body size, range size and susceptibility to extinction, across the whole order of rodents. Location: Global. Time period: Current. Major taxa studied: Rodents (order Rodentia). Methods: We compiled an unprecedentedly large database of rodent morphology, phylogeny, range size, conservation status, global climate and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), comprising >86% of all described species. Using phylogenetic regressions, we initially explored the environmental factors driving body size. Next, we modelled the relationship between body size and range size. From this relationship, we computed and mapped (at the assemblage level) an index of relative range size, corresponding to the deviation from the expected range size of each species, given its body size. Finally, we tested whether relative range was correlated with the risk of extinction of the species derived from an assessment by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. Results: We found that, contrary to the expectations of Bergmann's rule, the body size of rodents was mostly influenced by variation in NDVI (rather than latitude/temperature). Body size, in turn, imposed a constraint on species range size, as evidenced by a triangular relationship that was segmented at the lower bound. The relative species range size derived from this relationship highlighted four geographical regions where rodents with small relative range were concentrated globally. We demonstrated that lower relative range size was associated with increased risk of extinction. Main conclusions: Species that, given their body size, are distributed across ranges that are smaller than expected have elevated extinction risk. Therefore, investigating the relationships between environmental drivers, body size and range size might help to detect species that could become threatened in the near future.
Published: 2023

38. Distinct Responses of Abundant and Rare Soil Bacteria to Nitrogen Addition in Tropical Forest Soils

Author: Jinhong He, Xiangping Tan, Yanxia Nie, Lei Ma, Juxiu Liu, Xiankai Lu, Jiangming Mo, Julie Leloup, Naoise Nunan, Qing Ye, Weijun Shen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Henan University, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Gannan Normal University, and Guangxi Normal University
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), Infectious Diseases, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, General Immunology and Microbiology, Ecology, Physiology, Genetics, Cell Biology, abundant and rare taxa, bacterial community, community assembly, nitrogen addition, tropical forest
Abstract: Atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition is a worldwide environmental problem and threatens biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Understanding the responses of community dynamics and assembly processes of abundant and rare soil bacterial taxa to anthropogenic N enrichment is vital for the management of N-polluted forest soils.Soil microbial responses to anthropogenic nitrogen (N) enrichment at the overall community level has been extensively studied. However, the responses of community dynamics and assembly processes of the abundant versus rare bacterial taxa to N enrichment have rarely been assessed. Here, we present a study in which the effects of short- (2 years) and long-term (13 years) N additions to two nearby tropical forest sites on abundant and rare soil bacterial community composition and assembly were documented. The N addition, particularly in the long-term experiment, significantly decreased the bacterial alpha-diversity and shifted the community composition toward copiotrophic and N-sensitive species. The alpha-diversity and community composition of the rare taxa were more affected, and they were more closely clustered phylogenetically under N addition compared to the abundant taxa, suggesting the community assembly of the rare taxa was more governed by deterministic processes (e.g., environmental filtering). In contrast, the abundant taxa exhibited higher community abundance, broader environmental thresholds, and stronger phylogenetic signals under environmental changes than the rare taxa. Overall, these findings illustrate that the abundant and rare bacterial taxa respond distinctly to N addition in tropical forests, with higher sensitivity of the rare taxa, but potentially broader environmental acclimation of the abundant taxa.IMPORTANCE Atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition is a worldwide environmental problem and threatens biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Understanding the responses of community dynamics and assembly processes of abundant and rare soil bacterial taxa to anthropogenic N enrichment is vital for the management of N-polluted forest soils. Our sequence-based data revealed distinct responses in bacterial diversity, community composition, environmental acclimation, and assembly processes between abundant and rare taxa under N-addition soils in tropical forests. These findings provide new insight into the formation and maintenance of bacterial diversity and offer a way to better predict bacterial responses to the ongoing atmospheric N deposition in tropical forests.
Published: 2023

39. Succession of the microbiota in the gut of reproductives of Macrotermes subhyalinus (Termitidae) at colony foundation gives insights into symbionts transmission

Author: Michel Diouf, Vincent Hervé, Sophie Fréchault, Josie Lambourdière, Abdoulaye Baïla Ndiaye, Edouard Miambi, Amélia Bourceret, My Dung Jusselme, Marc-André Selosse, Corinne Rouland-Lefèvre, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Paris-Saclay Food and Bioproduct Engineering (SayFood), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), and Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)
Subjects: Colony foundation, Ecology, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Termite reproductives, Transmission, Termitomyces, Gut microbiota, Macrotermitinae, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract: Termites have co-evolved with a complex gut microbiota consisting mostly of exclusive resident taxa, but key forces sustaining this exclusive partnership are still poorly understood. The potential for primary reproductives to vertically transmit their gut microbiota (mycobiome and bacteriome) to offspring was investigated using colony foundations from field-derived swarming alates of Macrotermes subhyalinus. Metabarcoding based on the fungal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and the bacterial 16S rRNA gene was used to characterize the reproductives mycobiome and bacteriome over the colony foundation time. The mycobiome of swarming alates differed from that of workers of Macrotermitinae and changed randomly within and between sampling time points, highlighting no close link with the gut habitat. The fungal ectosymbiont Termitomyces was lost early from the gut of reproductives, confirming the absence of vertical transmission to offspring. Unlike fungi, the bacteriome of alates mirrored that of workers of Macroterminae. Key genera and core OTUs inherited from the mother colony mostly persisted in the gut of reproductive until the emergence of workers, enabling their vertical transmission and explaining why they were found in offspring workers. These findings demonstrate that the parental transmission may greatly contribute to the maintenance of the bacteriome and its co-evolution with termite hosts at short time scales.
Published: 2023

40. Synchronie entre l'offre et la demande dans le cycle des nutriments: apprendre des écosystèmes naturels pour construire des agrosystèmes durables

Author: Fontaine, Sébastien, Abbadie, Luc, Aubert, Michaël, Barot, Sébastien, Bloor, Juliette, Derrien, Delphine, Duchene, Olivier, Gross, Nicolas, Henneron, Ludovic, Le Roux, Xavier, Loeuille, Nicolas, Michel, Jennifer, Recous, Sylvie, Wipf, Daniel, Alvarez, Gaël, Unité Mixte de Recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial - UMR (UREP), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Département écologie et biodiversité des milieux forestiers, prairiaux et aquatiques (ECODIV), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité de recherche Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers (BEF), Agroécologie et Environnement (AGE), Isara, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos [Madrid] (URJC), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Etude et Compréhension de la biodiversité (ECODIV), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne - UMR 5557 (LEM), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Liège, Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Agroécologie [Dijon], Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Dijon, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and Fontaine, Sébastien
Subjects: [SDV.SA.AGRO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy, agroecology, [SDV.SA.AGRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy, nutrient cycling, carbon cycling, ecosystem nutrient economy, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, mimicking, soil carbon sequestration, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, litter, nitrogen fixation, soil organic matter, soil nutrient dissolution, [SDV.EE.ECO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, organic nutrient reserve, [SDV.SA.SDS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, rhizosphere, plant-soil interactions, feedbacks
Abstract: Redesigning agrosystems with more ecological regulations can help feed a growing population, preserve soils for future productivity and reduce environmental impacts. However, guidelines for redesigning agrosystems from natural systems are limited. Reviewing the last knowledge of ecosystem functioning, we outlined four ecological systems synchronizing the supply of soluble nutrients by soil biota to fluctuating plant nutrient demand. This synchrony limits deficiencies and excesses of soluble nutrient, which usually penalize both production and regulating services of agrosystems such as nutrient retention and soil carbon storage. We detail how ecological systems promoting synchrony can be installed in agrosystems to improve their sustainability and reduce the use of mineral fertilizers.
Published: 2023

41. Devenir des microplastiques dans les sols – quels indicateurs des sources, teneurs et impacts pour la qualité et la santé des sols ? (Projet PlastiSol)

Author: Dignac, Marie-France, Dignac, Marie-France, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Plastisol ADEME GRAINE 2019 (award number 2207D0002)
Subjects: [SDE] Environmental Sciences, microplastiques, Projet PlastiSol, santé des sols, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, impacts, indicateurs, qualité des sols
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2023

42. Chemical and Microbial Characterization of Fermented Forest Litters Used as Biofertilizers

Author: Johann Marois, Thomas Z. Lerch, Ugo Dunant, Anne-Marie Farnet Da Silva, Pierre Christen, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), and Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), biofertilizers, [SDV.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biotechnology, organic matter composition, Virology, fermented forest litters, [SDV.SA.AGRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy, microbial communities, Microbiology
Abstract: International audience; The excessive use of chemicals in intensive agriculture has had a negative impact on soil diversity and fertility. A strategy for developing sustainable agriculture could rely on the use of microbial-based fertilizers, known as biofertilizers. An alternative to marketed products could be offered to small farmers if they could produce their own biofertilizers using forest litters, which harbor one of the highest microbial diversities. The aim of this study is to characterize microbial communities of Fermented Forest Litters (FFL), assuming that the fermentation process will change both their abundance and diversity. We investigated two types of differing in the chemical composition of the initial litters used and the climatic context of the forest where they are originated from. The abundance and diversity of bacterial and fungal communities were assessed using quantitative PCR and molecular genotyping techniques. The litter chemical compositions were compared before and after fermentation using Infrared spectrometry. Results obtained showed that fermentation increased the abundance of bacteria but decreased that of fungi. Low pH and change in organic matter composition observed after fermentation also significantly reduced the α-diversity of both bacterial and fungal communities. The higher proportion of aliphatic molecules and lower C/N of the FFLs compared to initial litters indicate that FFLs should be rapidly decomposed once added into the soil. This preliminary study suggests that the agronomic interest of FFLs used as biofertilizers is probably more related to the contribution of nutrients easily assimilated by plants than to the diversity of microorganisms that compose it. Further studies must be conducted with sequencing techniques to identify precisely the microbial species likely to be beneficial to plant growth.
Published: 2023

43. Clarifying the effect of biodiversity on productivity in natural ecosystems with longitudinal data and methods for causal inference

Author: Dee, Laura E, Ferraro, Paul J, Severen, Christopher N, Kimmel, Kaitlin A, Borer, Elizabeth T, Byrnes, Jarrett E K, Clark, Adam Thomas, Hautier, Yann, Hector, Andrew, Raynaud, Xavier, Reich, Peter B, Wright, Alexandra J, Arnillas, Carlos A, Davies, Kendi F, MacDougall, Andrew, Mori, Akira S, Smith, Melinda D, Adler, Peter B, Bakker, Jonathan D, Brauman, Kate A, Cowles, Jane, Komatsu, Kimberly, Knops, Johannes M H, McCulley, Rebecca L, Moore, Joslin L, Morgan, John W, Ohlert, Timothy, Power, Sally A, Sullivan, Lauren L, Stevens, Carly, Loreau, Michel, Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, University of Colorado [Boulder], University of Minnesota [Twin Cities] (UMN), University of Minnesota System, University of Massachusetts [Boston] (UMass Boston), University of Massachusetts System (UMASS), Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Utrecht University [Utrecht], Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Western Sydney University, University of Michigan System, California State University [Los Angeles] (CAL STATE LA), University of Toronto at Scarborough, Université Saint-Francis-Xavier (CANADA), Yokohama National University, Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), University of Washington [Seattle], University of Alabama [Tuscaloosa] (UA), Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale (SETE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Fédération de Recherche Agrobiosciences, Interactions et Biodiversité (FR AIB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CEREEP-Ecotron Ile De France (CNRS/ENS UMS 3194), Regional Council of Ile- de-France (DIM Program R2DS I-05-098/R), GoF/ANR’s Investissements d’Avenir program (ANR-11-INBS-0001 AnaEE France, ANR-10-IDEX- 0001-02 PSL), Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, and Ecology and Biodiversity
Subjects: Identification, Multidisciplinary, Ecology, Chemistry(all), Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology(all), Resistance, General Physics and Astronomy, Instrumental variables, General Chemistry, Biodiversity, Physics and Astronomy(all), Plants, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Time, Causality, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Plant diversity, Alter, Biomass, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Guide, In-differences, Ecosystem
Abstract: Causal effects of biodiversity on ecosystem functions can be estimated using experimental or observational designs — designs that pose a tradeoff between drawing credible causal inferences from correlations and drawing generalizable inferences. Here, we develop a design that reduces this tradeoff and revisits the question of how plant species diversity affects productivity. Our design leverages longitudinal data from 43 grasslands in 11 countries and approaches borrowed from fields outside of ecology to draw causal inferences from observational data. Contrary to many prior studies, we estimate that increases in plot-level species richness caused productivity to decline: a 10% increase in richness decreased productivity by 2.4%, 95% CI [−4.1, −0.74]. This contradiction stems from two sources. First, prior observational studies incompletely control for confounding factors. Second, most experiments plant fewer rare and non-native species than exist in nature. Although increases in native, dominant species increased productivity, increases in rare and non-native species decreased productivity, making the average effect negative in our study. By reducing the tradeoff between experimental and observational designs, our study demonstrates how observational studies can complement prior ecological experiments and inform future ones.
Published: 2023

44. First chromosome scale genomes of ithomiine butterflies (Nymphalidae: Ithomiini): comparative models for mimicry genetic studies

Author: Jérémy Gauthier, Joana Meier, Fabrice Legeai, Melanie McClure, Annabel Whibley, Anthony Bretaudeau, Hélène Boulain, Hugues Parrinello, Sam T. Mugford, Richard Durbin, Chenxi Zhou, Shane McCarthy, Christopher W. Wheat, Florence Piron‐Prunier, Christelle Monsempes, Marie‐Christine François, Paul Jay, Camille Noûs, Emma Persyn, Emmanuelle Jacquin‐Joly, Camille Meslin, Nicolas Montagné, Claire Lemaitre, Marianne Elias, Natural History Museum [Geneva], Department of Zoology [Cambridge], University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes (IGEPP), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Rennes Angers, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Scalable, Optimized and Parallel Algorithms for Genomics (GenScale), Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-GESTION DES DONNÉES ET DE LA CONNAISSANCE (IRISA-D7), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Laboratoire Ecologie, Evolution, Interactions des Systèmes amazoniens (LEEISA), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Biological Sciences [Auckland], University of Auckland [Auckland], Department of Ecology and Evolution [Lausanne], Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle - Montpellier GenomiX (IGF MGX), Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-BioCampus (BCM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), John Innes Centre [Norwich], Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), Department of Crop Genetics, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)-Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), Department of Genetics [Cambridge], The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute [Cambridge], Stockholm University, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecologie Systématique et Evolution (ESE), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Cogitamus, Peuplements végétaux et bioagresseurs en milieu tropical (UMR PVBMT), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), ME acknowledges financial support from ANR (projects SPECREP, ANR-14-CE02-0011, and CLEARWING, ANR-16-CE02-0012) and HFSP (RGP0014/2016). MGX acknowledges financial support from France Génomique National infrastructure, funded as part of 'Investissement d’Avenir' program managed by Agence Nationale pour la Recherche (contract ANR-10-INBS-0009). RD, SM and CZ acknowledge financial support from Wellcome grant WT207492, and SM and work at the Wellcome Sanger Institute were also supported by Wellcome grant WT206194. We thank members of the Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations and Tree of Life core groups for their contributions to data production and assembly for the Melinaea genomes. We thank Mario Tuanama and Ronald Mori-Pezo for help with rearing and collecting butterflies. MM acknowledges a postdoctoral fellowship by the Fonds Québécois de la Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies (FQRNT). STM acknowledges support from the BBSRC Institute Strategy Programme (BB/P012574/1). We thank the Peruvian authorities for research permits (236-2012-AG-DGFFS-DGEFFS, 201-2013-MINAGRI-DGFFS/DGEFFS, 002-2015-SERFOR-DGGSPFFS and 373-2017-SERFOR-DGGSPFFS), the Gobierno Regional San Martín PEHCBM (permit: 124-2016-GRSM/PEHCBM-DMA/EII-ANP/JARR) and the Museo de Historia Natural and Prof. Gerardo Lamas for their support. We thank the GenOuest BioInformatics Platform (http://www.genouest.org), which allowed the use of a computing cluster for bioinformatic analyses., ANR-14-CE02-0011,SPECREP,Répétabilité du processus de spéciation chez les papillons: replications naturelles dans une zone de suture(2014), ANR-16-CE02-0012,CLEARWING,La transparence : origine physique, fonctions adaptatives et évolution chez les papillons transparents(2016), ANR-10-INBS-0009,France-Génomique,Organisation et montée en puissance d'une Infrastructure Nationale de Génomique(2010), Gauthier, Jérémy [0000-0001-6666-1002], Meier, Joana [0000-0001-7726-2875], Whibley, Annabel [0000-0003-1878-7705], Parrinello, Hugues [0000-0002-1151-001X], Wheat, Christopher W [0000-0003-1863-2340], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Rennes Angers, Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), International Aphid Genomics Consortium (IAGC), Department of Crop Genetics [Norwich], and Department of Zoology [Stockholm]
Subjects: ithomiine butterflies, Genomics, chromosome-level genome, Adaptation, Physiological, Chromosomes, Phenotype, Hi-C, Genetics, Animals, [INFO.INFO-BI]Computer Science [cs]/Bioinformatics [q-bio.QM], Butterflies, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, mimicry, Biotechnology, Butterflies/genetics, Chromosomes/genetics, olfaction
Abstract: Funder: Human Frontier Science Program; Id: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000854, The ithomiine butterflies (Nymphalidae: Danainae) represent the largest known radiation of Müllerian mimetic butterflies. They dominate by number the mimetic butterfly communities, which include species such as the iconic neotropical Heliconius genus. Recent studies on the ecology and genetics of speciation in Ithomiini have suggested that sexual pheromones, colour pattern and perhaps hostplant could drive reproductive isolation. However, no reference genome was available for Ithomiini, which has hindered further exploration on the genetic architecture of these candidate traits, and more generally on the genomic patterns of divergence. Here, we generated high-quality, chromosome-scale genome assemblies for two Melinaea species, M. marsaeus and M. menophilus, and a draft genome of the species Ithomia salapia. We obtained genomes with a size ranging from 396 to 503 Mb across the three species and scaffold N50 of 40.5 and 23.2 Mb for the two chromosome-scale assemblies. Using collinearity analyses we identified massive rearrangements between the two closely related Melinaea species. An annotation of transposable elements and gene content was performed, as well as a specialist annotation to target chemosensory genes, which is crucial for host plant detection and mate recognition in mimetic species. A comparative genomic approach revealed independent gene expansions in ithomiines and particularly in gustatory receptor genes. These first three genomes of ithomiine mimetic butterflies constitute a valuable addition and a welcome comparison to existing biological models such as Heliconius, and will enable further understanding of the mechanisms of adaptation in butterflies.
Published: 2023

45. La philosophie sur le terrain de l'interdisciplinarité : l'exemple du projet Fortes

Author: Beau, Rémi, Beau, Rémi, Maud Benetreau, Marion Bérard, Brenda Bogaert, Damien Delorme, Margaux Dubar (dir.), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Maud Benetreau, Marion Bérard, Brenda Bogaert, Damien Delorme, and Margaux Dubar (dir.)
Subjects: [SHS.PHIL] Humanities and Social Sciences/Philosophy, [SHS.ENVIR] Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies, [SHS.ENVIR]Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies, [SHS.PHIL]Humanities and Social Sciences/Philosophy
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2023

46. What drives wind erosion in cropped areas? A case study in southern Tunisia

Author: Christel Bouet, Mohamed Taieb Labiadh, Caroline Pierre, Saâd Sekrafi, Thierry Henry des Tureaux, Mohsen Ltifi, Gilles Bergametti, Béatrice Marticorena, Amadou Abdourhamane Touré, Jean Louis Rajot, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut des Régions Arides (IRA), and Université Abdou Moumouni [Niamey]
Subjects: Hordeum vulgare L, Tunisia, Wind erosion, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Growing season, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, Saltation flux, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Aerodynamic roughness length, Earth-Surface Processes
Abstract: International audience; Dust emission by wind erosion is a worldwide phenomenon that threatens sustainable development and population wellness in areas where anthropogenic activities develop. However, uncertainties on the current estimates of dust originating from agricultural activities remain high. This study aims at disentangling the respective roles of meteorology, surface properties, and human practices in the dynamics of wind erosion over croplands. Therefore, an experimental field campaign was conducted in a traditionally cultivated barley field in southern Tunisia during the agricultural year 2015-2016. Meteorological parameters (wind speed and direction, rainfall), surface characteristics (barley surface cover and height), and the horizontal flux of aeolian sediments were measured. Land management was also documented. 97% of the wind erosion fluxes occurred between mid-May and November 2016. This was explained by the seasonal cycle of barley crop, land management, and meteorological conditions: (i) in autumn, the soil surface sufficiently wet to allow barley growth is tilled, which creates clods that increase the soil surface roughness and inhibits wind erosion, (ii) late winter coincides with the period of the highest wind speed but the height of the barley, maximal in this period, prevents wind erosion, and (iii) the field surface left bare and trampled at the end of harvest in spring is totally prone to wind erosion. This study highlights the importance of accounting for the joint seasonality of the meteorological parameters, vegetation cover, and human practices when studying wind erosion. Neglecting one of these parameters can induce a net overestimation/underestimation of wind erosion by the models.
Published: 2023

47. Évolution de la dispersion et structure des communautés de fourmis en réponse à la fragmentation de l'habitat

Author: Finand, Basile, STAR, ABES, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Sorbonne Université, Thibaud Monnin, and Nicolas Loeuille
Subjects: [SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Ants, Habitat fragmentation, Fragmentation de l'habitat, Dispersal, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Dispersion, Fourmis
Abstract: Habitat fragmentation is one of the major threats to biodiversity. The main causes are due to human activity. It is produced by increased urbanisation, agriculture, deforestation, or transport infrastructure. Habitat fragmentation is characterised by a decrease in the amount of favourable habitat and by the isolation of this habitat. The objective of this thesis is to better understand its effect at several scales, from the population level by looking at inter-individual differences linked to different dispersal strategies, to the community and metacommunity level by observing their composition. Several approaches are used: theory, an empirical study and field observations. Dispersal is a key life-history trait for survival in a fragmented habitat as it allows the movement of individuals from one fragment to another and the colonisation of empty fragments. However, several forces have opposing effects on the maintenance of species in a fragmented habitat. Fragmentation increases the costs of dispersal in an unfavourable habitat, increases heterogeneity and competition between relatives. Habitat fragmentation has an impact at the community level by changing the number of species or the composition of communities. Ants are good models to study because they are present in many contrasting environments and have a strong dispersal polymorphism. There are winged queens that disperse alone over long distances, or apterous queens that disperse accompanied by a group of workers over shorter distances. At the population level, I studied the ant Myrmecina graminicola which advantageously uses both dispersal strategies. At the community level, I studied ant species in Parisian parks, a highly fragmented habitat, and in forests near Paris, a less fragmented habitat. In the first chapter, I showed with a theoretical approach that the dispersal distance increases when the habitat fragmentation increases in a context of competition/colonisation trade-off. Habitat structure can strongly affect these results with a decrease of the dispersal when the habitat is aggregated. In a second chapter, I highlighted the existence of this competition/colonisation trade-off in M. graminicola and the importance of the presence of workers during the foundation of a new colony, their presence increasing the survival and growth of the colony. In a third chapter, I showed a decrease in dispersal with increased habitat fragmentation in urban environments in M. graminicola, suggesting that the cost of dispersing in highly fragmented urban environments selects against dispersal. Finally, I observed an increase in species richness, with very different ant communities, between urban and forest environments and a decrease in species richness with increasing park size in the city. There is no effect of fragmentation in forests. This thesis shows the diversity of responses to habitat fragmentation, both at the population and community levels, and opens the way for further studies., La fragmentation de l’habitat est une des menaces majeures qui pèse sur la biodiversité. Les principales causes sont dues à l’activité humaine. Elle est produite par l’augmentation de l’urbanisation, de l’agriculture, de la déforestation ou des infrastructures de transport. La fragmentation de l’habitat est caractérisée par une diminution de la quantité d’habitat favorable et par un isolement de cet habitat. L’objectif de cette thèse est de mieux comprendre son effet à plusieurs échelles, de la population en regardant les différences inter-individuelles notamment liées aux différentes stratégies de dispersion, et à l’échelle des communautés et des métacommunautés en observant leurs compositions. Plusieurs approches sont utilisées : théorie, étude empirique et observations sur le terrain. La dispersion est un trait d’histoire de vie clé pour la survie dans un habitat fragmenté car elle permet le passage d’individus d’un fragment à un autre et la colonisation des fragments vides. Cependant, plusieurs forces ont des effets opposés sur le maintien des espèces dans un contexte de fragmentation de l’habitat. La fragmentation augmente les coûts liés à la dispersion dans un habitat défavorable, augmente l’hétérogénéité mais également la compétition entre apparentés. La fragmentation de l’habitat a un impact à l’échelle des communautés en faisant varier le nombre d’espèces ou la composition de celles-ci. Les fourmis sont de bons modèles d’études pour répondre aux problématiques de cette thèse car elles sont présentes dans de nombreux milieux contrastés et ont un fort polymorphisme de dispersion. Il existe des reines qui dispersent sur de longues distances en étant ailées et seules, ou des reines qui dispersent sur de plus courtes distances en étant aptères et accompagnées d’un groupe d’ouvrières. A l’échelle des populations, j’ai étudié la fourmi graminicole Myrmecina graminicola qui a l’intérêt d’utiliser les deux stratégies de dispersion. A l’échelle des communautés, je me suis intéressé aux espèces de fourmis des parcs parisiens, habitat très fragmenté, et des forêts proches de Paris, habitat peu fragmenté. Dans le premier chapitre, j’ai montré avec une approche théorique que la distance de dispersion augmente quand la fragmentation de l’habitat augmente dans un contexte de compromis compétition/colonisation. Cependant la structuration de l’habitat peut fortement affecter ces résultats avec une diminution de la dispersion quand l’habitat est agrégé. Dans un deuxième chapitre, j’ai mis en évidence l’existence de ce compromis compétition/colonisation chez M. graminicola et l’importance de la présence d’ouvrières lors de la fondation d’une nouvelle colonie, leur présence augmentant la survie et la croissance de la colonie. Dans un troisième chapitre, j’ai montré une diminution de la dispersion avec l’augmentation de la fragmentation de l’habitat en milieu urbain chez M. graminicola, suggérant que le coût à la dispersion en milieu urbain fortement fragmenté sélectionne contre la dispersion. Pour finir, j’ai observé une augmentation de la richesse spécifique, avec des communautés de fourmis très différentes, entre le milieu urbain et forestier et une baisse de la richesse spécifique avec la taille du parc en ville. Il n’y a pas d’effet de la fragmentation en forêt. Cette thèse montre la diversité des réponses à la fragmentation de l’habitat, que ce soit à l’échelle des populations et des communautés, et ouvre la voie à de nouvelles études.
Published: 2023

48. Diet Impacts the Reproductive System's Maturation in Male Moth Agrotis ipsilon (Noctuidae, Lepidoptera)

Author: Force, Evan, Couzi, Philippe, Dacher, Matthieu, Debernard, Stéphane, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and iEES Paris
Subjects: Accessory sex glands, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, Testicles, Agrotis ipsilon, Sexual maturation, Proteins, Bundles, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Insect, Alimentation, [SDV.BDD]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Development Biology
Abstract: National audience; Developmental transitions, such as sexual maturation, demand considerable energy: this suggests diet might be an important external factor controling them. The male Agrotis ipsilon, goes through a sexual maturation between the third and the fifth day of adult life. Morphological and functional shifts in the reproductive system occur during this period. Moreover, moths obtain nutrients (water, amino acids and soluble carbohydrates like saccharose, fructose and glucose) within the nectar. Some of them practice puddling, a behavior allowing to sodium intake from excrements and puddles of brackish water. All of these nutrients are essentials for the accomplishment of the reproductive function in butterflies. In this study, we assessed the impact of diet on sexual maturation in the male moth Agrotis ipsilon.
Published: 2023
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49. Speciation and distribution of chromium (III) in rice root tip and mature zone: The significant impact of root exudation and iron plaque on chromium bioavailability

Author: Peiman Zandi, Xing Xia, Jianjun Yang, Jin Liu, Laurent Remusat, Cornelia Rumpel, Elke Bloem, Beata Barabasz Krasny, Ewald Schnug, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), China Agricultural University (CAU), Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI), Pedagogical University of Krakow, and Technische Universität Braunschweig = Technical University of Braunschweig [Braunschweig]
Subjects: Environmental Engineering, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Environmental Chemistry, Iron-plaque dissolution, [SDV.TOX.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Ecotoxicology, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, Cr-speciation, Pollution, Waste Management and Disposal
Abstract: International audience; Evidence on the contribution of root regions with varied maturity levels in iron plaque (IP) formation and root exudation of metabolites and their consequences for uptake and bioavailability of chromium (Cr) remains unknown. Therefore, we applied combined nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS) and synchrotron-based techniques, micro-X-ray ﬂuorescence (µ-XRF) and micro-X-ray absorption near-edge structure (µ-XANES) to examine the speciation and localisation of Cr and the distribution of (micro-) nutrients in rice root tip and mature region. µ-XRF mapping revealed that the distribution of Cr and (micro-) nutrients varied between root regions. Cr K-edge XANES analysis at Cr hotspots attributed the dominant speciation of Cr in outer (epidermal and sub-epidermal) cell layers of the root tips and mature root to Cr(III)-FA (fulvic acid-like anions) (58–64%) and Cr(III)-Fh (amorphous ferrihydrite) (83–87%) complexes, respectively. The co-occurrence of a high proportion of Cr(III)-FA species and strong co-location signals of 52Cr16O and 13C14N in the mature root epidermis relative to the sub-epidermis indicated an association of Cr with active root surfaces, where the dissolution of IP and release of their associated Cr are likely subject to the mediation of organic anions. The results of NanoSIMS (poor 52Cr16O and 13C14N signals), dissolution (no IP dissolution) and µ-XANES (64% in sub-epidermis >58% in the epidermis for Cr(III)-FA species) analyses of root tips may be indicative of the possible re-uptake of Cr by this region. The results of this research work highlight the significance of IP and organic anions in rice root systems on the bioavailability and dynamics of heavy metals (e.g. Cr).
Published: 2023

50. Quality matters: Stoichiometry of resources modulates spatial feedbacks in aquatic‐terrestrial meta‐ecosystems

Author: Pichon, Benoît, Thébault, Elisa, Lacroix, Gérard, Gounand, Isabelle, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)
Subjects: cross-ecosystem subsidy, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, landscape scale, spatial feedbacks, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Meta-ecosystem, terrestrial-aquatic ecotone, stoichiometry
Abstract: International audience; Species dispersal and resource spatial flows greatly affect the dynamics of connected ecosystems. So far, research on meta-ecosystems has mainly focused on the quantitative effect of subsidy flows. Yet, resource exchanges at heterotrophicautotrophic (e.g. aquatic-terrestrial) ecotones display a stoichiometric asymmetry that likely matters for functioning. Here, we joined ecological stoichiometry and the meta-ecosystem framework to understand how subsidy stoichiometry mediates the response of the meta-ecosystem to subsidy flows. Our model results demonstrate that resource flows between ecosystems can induce a positive spatial feedback loop, leading to higher production at the meta-ecosystem scale by relaxing local ecosystem limitations (‘spatial complementarity’). Furthermore, we show that spatial flows can also have an unexpected negative impact on production when accentuating the stoichiometric mismatch between local resources and basal species needs. This study paves the way for studies on the interdependency of ecosystems at the landscape extent.
Published: 2023

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