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6,380 results on '"Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)"'

1. Phosphosilicate Multimode Optical Fiber for Sensing and Diagnostics at Inertial Confinement Fusion Facilities

Author

Philippe Paillet, Sylvain Girard, Vincent Goiffon, O. Duhamel, Adriana Morana, Damien Lambert, Vincenzo De Michele, Cosimo Campanella, Gilles Melin, Thierry Robin, Jeoffray Vidalot, Arnaud Meyer, Aziz Boukenter, Youcef Ouerdane, Emmanuel Marin, Vladimir Yu. Glebov, Gregory Pien, Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace - ISAE-SUPAERO (FRANCE), CEA DAM ILE-DE-FRANCE - Bruyères-le-Châtel [Arpajon] (CEA DAM IDF), Laboratoire Hubert Curien (LHC), Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), iXBlue Photonics, Laboratory for lasers energetics - LLE (New-York, USA), and University of Rochester [USA]

Subjects
[SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Radiation-induced attenuation (RIA), Autre, Dosimetry, Fusion, neutrons, Radiation effects, Optical fibers, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Instrumentation
Abstract

We characterized the radiation response in the visible domain of a new multimode graded-index (GI) phosphosilicate optical fiber (GIMMF), exposed to the harsh environment (pulses of 14-MeV neutrons, X-rays, and γ -rays) associated with laser experiments at the OMEGA facility. The growth of permanent radiation-induced attenuation (RIA) was measured in situ after a series of laser shots involving a large production of 14-MeV neutrons (yields > 10^14 n per shot). RIA linearly increases with accumulated neutron fluence without recovery between shots. The obtained results allow a precise evaluation of this GIMMF vulnerability when implemented as part of laser or plasma diagnostics. Our work also reveals the potential of this class of optical fiber to serve as a radiation monitor in the radiation-rich mixed environments of megajoule class laser facilities and to provide a very fast and online estimation of the accumulated deposited dose at various locations of their experimental halls. In our experimental test configuration at OMEGA, 14-MeV neutrons are estimated to contribute to about 55% of the total deposited dose on the fibers, and the other optical losses are related to X-ray and γ -ray contributions. Those measurements could be, for example, benchmarked to the radiation maps obtained by Monte Carlo simulation tools, potentially facilitating the evaluation of the aging of diagnostics, components, and systems as well as their maintenance operations.

Published
2022

2. Identification of vibration damping in 3D-printed lattice structures

Author

Tanays, Rémy, Castro Moreno, Antonio, Jaulent, Aude, Filloux, Benoit, Barriere, Ludovic, Michon, Guilhem, Sanches, Leonardo, Fabries, Christophe, IRT Saint Exupéry - Institut de Recherche Technologique, Thales Alenia Space [Toulouse] (TAS), THALES [France], Cap Gemini [Amsterdam], Institut Clément Ader (ICA), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), and Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace [ISAE-SUPAERO]

Subjects
[SPI.ACOU]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Acoustics [physics.class-ph], [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], [SPI.MECA.VIBR]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Vibrations [physics.class-ph], [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing
Abstract

International audience; Identification of vibration damping in 3D-printed lattice structures

Published
2023

3. Estimation of the piezoelectric factor in nonlinear transducers

Author

Peyrouse, Floriane, Michon, Guilhem, Chesne, Simon, Jean, Frederic, Aubry, Alice, Institut Clément Ader (ICA), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Laboratoire de Mécanique des Contacts et des Structures [Villeurbanne] (LaMCoS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace [ISAE-SUPAERO]

Subjects
[SPI.ACOU]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Acoustics [physics.class-ph], [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], [SPI.MECA.VIBR]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Vibrations [physics.class-ph], [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing
Abstract

International audience; Estimation of the piezoelectric factor in nonlinear transducers

Published
2023

4. A fast method of material, design and process eco-selection via topology optimization, for additive manufactured structures

Author

Edouard Duriez, Catherine Azzaro-Pantel, Joseph Morlier, Miguel Charlotte, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Ecole nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux - IMT Mines Albi (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Toulouse - INSA (FRANCE), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace - ISAE-SUPAERO (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Institut Clément Ader (ICA), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Laboratoire de Génie Chimique (LGC), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), and Université de Toulouse (UT)

Subjects
Environmental Engineering, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Additive manufacturing, Life cycle, Material selection, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Environmental Science (miscellaneous), Mécanique des structures, Process selection, Ecodesign, [SPI.MECA.STRU]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Structural mechanics [physics.class-ph], Topology optimization, Ashby index
Abstract

International audience; We propose an innovative approach to minimize the greenhouse gas impacts of additive manufactured structures over their entire life cycle. The novelty of our method lies in its simultaneous optimization of material selection, process selection, and design optimization. To fully leverage the potential benefits of additive manufacturing, we use topology optimization and compile a comprehensive database of printed materials and printing processes, which we share with the wider community. To account for the complex interdependence between materials and processes, our method employs a pairing system, which we efficiently reduce using topology optimization properties and a generalized form of Ashby indices. To enhance computational efficiency, we employ a meta-model. We validate our proposed method through successful testing on an aeronautical case and a pedestrian bridge, demonstrating its robustness even in the presence of environmental data uncertainty. The optimal material-process pair for the aeronautical structure is the cobalt-based super-alloy with the LENS process. Despite this pair having the highest material and processing emissions, the resulting lighter part lowers the use phase emissions. It appears that precise mechanical data is needed for the method to give accurate results: a 20% drop of Young's modulus totally disrupts the material-process pair ranking.

Published
2023

5. Design and Testing of Impacted Stiffened CFRP Panels under Compression with the VERTEX Test Rig

Author

Florent Grotto, Christophe Bouvet, Bruno Castanié, Joël Serra, Institut Clément Ader (ICA), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), and Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)

Subjects
post-buckling, numerical simulations, stiffened panel, compression after impact, stiffener debonding, experiments, Aerospace Engineering, [SPI.MECA.MSMECA]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Materials and structures in mechanics [physics.class-ph]
Abstract

International audience; Aeronautical composite primary structures must evidence sufficient residual strength in the presence of damage for compliance with damage tolerance requirements. The study of stiffener debonding on panels subjected to compression after impact is performed in that scope. Compression leads to the buckling of the skin between the stiffeners, and thus a complex loading of the bonding between the skin and the stiffener. This paper describes the development of a stiffened specimen for the VERTEX multiaxial test rig as a first step towards the study of the damage tolerance evaluation of stiffened structures, under combined loadings and at the intermediate scale of the test pyramid. By using virtual testing, the specimen was designed to produce the phenomenology of interest as the first damage, i.e., the debonding of the stiffener from the centre. Three samples were manufactured and subjected to low velocity impacts at various locations and energies. Then the three samples were subjected to compression after impact, up to the stiffener debonding, under a post-buckling regime of the skin. Test loading evolution is described with force fluxes and global strains, obtained from in situ stereo-correlation. The different impacts were found to give different types of damage but similar residual strength to compression after impact.

Published
2023

6. Identification and Assessment of Obsolescence in the Early Stages of System Design

Author

Marc Zolghadri, Sophia Salas Cordero, Claude Baron, Rob A. Vingerhoeds, Laboratoire QUARTZ (QUARTZ ), Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de l'Electronique et de ses Applications (ENSEA)-ISAE-Supméca Institut Supérieur de Mécanique de Paris (ISAE-Supméca), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), ISAE-Supméca Institut Supérieur de Mécanique de Paris (ISAE-Supméca), Équipe Ingénierie Système et Intégration (LAAS-ISI), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Toulouse - INSA (FRANCE), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace - ISAE-SUPAERO (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT2J (FRANCE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - UT1 (FRANCE), and ISAE-Supméca – Institut supérieur de mécanique de Paris (FRANCE)

Subjects
Obsolescence criticality index, Identification, ComputingMilieux_THECOMPUTINGPROFESSION, Computer science, General Engineering, Assessment, Systems engineering, House of obsolescence, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Identification (information), Autre, Obsolescence, Obsolescence management process, Systems design
Abstract

International audience; Obsolescence is the fact that an entity (physical or logical) is becoming outdated or no longer possesses the required level of performance. The objectives of this article are twofold. First, it is intended to contribute to the understanding of obsolescence propagation. Secondly, two supporting approaches for the Identification and Assessment phases are proposed: the House of Obsolescence and the System Obsolescence Criticality Analysis. The former allows the mapping of obsolescence propagation via dependencies, whether imposed changes are desired or imposed, by external actors to the system architecture. Whereas, the objective of the latter is to assign an obsolescence criticality index to the identified risks in order to prioritize them for solution or mitigation determination during the analysis phase. The tools make extensive use of the modeled system knowledge through the application of Systems Engineering. The application of these approaches is presented through an illustrative study.

Published
2022

7. Multi-fidelity Bayesian optimization strategy applied to Overall Drone Design

Author

Charayron, Rémy, Lefebvre, Thierry, Bartoli, Nathalie, Morlier, Joseph, ONERA / DTIS, Université de Toulouse [Toulouse], ONERA-PRES Université de Toulouse, Institut Clément Ader (ICA), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Ecole nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux - IMT Mines Albi (FRANCE), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Toulouse - INSA (FRANCE), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace - ISAE-SUPAERO (FRANCE), Office National d'Etudes et Recherches Aérospatiales - ONERA (FRANCE), and Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE)

Subjects
[PHYS]Physics [physics], Mécanique des structures, MFSEGO, CONCEPTION DRONE, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Multi-fidelity, Overall Drone Design, drone design, [MATH]Mathematics [math], bayesian optimization, OPTIMISATION BAYESIENNE, Bayesian optimization
Abstract

International audience; Nowadays, drones can be developed for a wide range of use cases, from infrastructure monitoring to sea rescue, urban mobility or military purposes. Which drone design is best suited for a specific mission? To answer this question, we need to solve a constrained optimization problem based on a multidisciplinary design model that takes the mission into account. The model generally being a computationally expensive numerical model whose gradients are not available all the time encourages us to consider a Bayesian optimization approach. Such strategy is well known to achieve a trade-off between exploitation and exploration in order to find interesting minimal area with a reduced number of function evaluations. A multi-fidelity approach can improve even more the computational efficiency of the Bayesian optimization strategy. In this work, we aim at designing a fixed-wing drone (fully electric) for long range surveillance mission. Two fidelity level electric drone models are developed. For a given mission requirement, the final battery state of charge is optimized with respect to drone design variables. Optimizations are performed on several missions using both a mono and a multi-fidelity Bayesian optimization strategy. The interest of using a multi-fidelity method for overall drone design has been assessed. The multi-fidelity super-efficient global optimization algorithm (MFSEGO) appeared to need less budget to reach convergence than the mono-fidelity algorithm and to be more robust to the initial design of experiments.

Published
2023

8. Prediction of Gust Aeroelastic performance of HALE using Graph Neural Networks

Author

Colombo, Michele, Morlier, Joseph, Bauerheim, Michaël, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Ecole nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux - IMT Mines Albi (FRANCE), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Toulouse - INSA (FRANCE), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace - ISAE-SUPAERO (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Département Aérodynamique Energétique et Propulsion (DAEP), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Institut Clément Ader (ICA), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)

Subjects
Gust Aeroelastic performance, HALE design, [SPI.MECA.MEMA]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph], Mécanique des matériaux, Graph Neural Networks
Abstract

International audience; Graph Neural Networks have been applied to learn the flight and structural dynamics of an High Altitude Long Endurance aircraft in discrete gust. The graph network methodology allows building a model for structural displacements, loads and aircraft flight dynamics leveraging on the inductive bias given by the physical connections. The results show promising capabilities in model approximation and potential for symbolic identification of aerodynamics and structural forces.

Published
2023

9. Shapley Additive Explanations for Knowledge Discovery via Surrogate Models

Author

Palar, Pramudita Satria, Zuhal, Lavi Rizki, Dwianto, Yohanes Bimo, Shimoyama, Koji, Morlier, Joseph, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Ecole nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux - IMT Mines Albi (FRANCE), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Toulouse - INSA (FRANCE), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace - ISAE-SUPAERO (FRANCE), Institut Teknologi Bandung - ITB (INDONESIA), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Tohoku University (JAPAN), Institut Clément Ader - ICA (Toulouse, France), Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB), Tohoku University [Sendai], Institut Clément Ader (ICA), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)

Subjects
[SPI.OTHER]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Other, Autre, Re-entry trajectory, Wing design, Shapley Additive Explanations, Knowledge Discovery, Surrogate Models
Abstract

International audience; It is sometimes desirable to delve further into how the inputs affect the output in design optimization and uncertainty analysis. Surrogate models such as Gaussian Process Regression and support vector regression are useful for such tasks and can be further enhanced by introducing advanced post-processing methods. This paper investigates Shapley Additive Explanation (SHAP) as a tool to aid surrogate-assisted data-driven analysis. In particular, surrogate-enabled SHAP analysis allows visualization of the input-output relationship in a meaningful way using summary SHAP plots and SHAP dependence plots. Some importantinformation that can be extracted and visualized from SHAP includes the importance of input variables (i.e., global sensitivity analysis), nonlinearity level, and level of interactions. The benefits of Shapley values for engineering analysis using surrogate models are demonstrated in three engineering test problems.

Published
2023

10. Physics-Informed Proper Orthogonal Decomposition for Data Reconstruction

Author

Zakaria, Kemas, Palar, Pramudita Satria, Zuhal, Lavi Rizki, Morlier, Joseph, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Ecole nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux - IMT Mines Albi (FRANCE), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Toulouse - INSA (FRANCE), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace - ISAE-SUPAERO (FRANCE), Institut Teknologi Bandung - ITB (INDONESIA), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Institut Clément Ader - ICA (Toulouse, France), Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB), Institut Clément Ader (ICA), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)

Subjects
Mécanique des structures, Physics-Informed, Poisson Equatioon, [SPI.MECA.STRU]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Structural mechanics [physics.class-ph], [SPI.MECA.MEMA]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph], Proper Orthogonal Decomposition, Mécanique des matériaux
Abstract

International audience; Many engineering problems are governed by complex governing equations that are difficult and typically require high computational costs to solve. Machine learning and surrogate modelling aid such an endeavour by providing a cheap-to-evaluate prediction model that acts as a replacement of the original model. While most research focuses on predicting scalar values (e.g., lift and drag), predicting the solution field is also of interest in many practical engineering and scientific applications. This paper proposes a Physics-Informed Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) technique that improves the solution field prediction by enforcing governing equations as a loss penalty. The proposed idea utilizes a reduced-order modeling technique based on POD to decompose solution snapshots into singular vectors and values. A Gaussian Process Regression is then utilized to predict the singular values from variable parameters. The predicted singular values from the data of the problem are then adjusted via optimization to minimize the physics-informed loss and achieve better prediction. In this paper, we illustrate the efficacy of the proposed method on simple two-dimensional partial differential equations. The result clearly shows that the proposed physics-informed POD outperforms the conventional POD in terms of approximation error.

Published
2023

11. Fast Nonlinear Method for Static Aeroelasticity Applied to High Aspect Ratio Wings

Author

Chandre-Vila, Oriol, Boin, Jean-Philippe, Barriety, Bernard, Nivet, Yann, Morlier, Joseph, Gourdain, Nicolas, Département Aérodynamique Energétique et Propulsion (DAEP), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Airbus Operation S.A.S., Airbus [France], Institut Clément Ader (ICA), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)

Subjects
[SPI.OTHER]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Other, Mach, High-Aspect-Ratio Wings, Nonlinear Static Aeroelasticity, Fast method
Abstract

International audience; A low-computational-cost method is proposed in this paper to predict steady-state nonlinear aeroelastic response for high-aspect-ratio wings. This fast nonlinear static aeroelasticity method relies on a simple but robust mathematical approach. The work presented in this paper evaluates the accuracy of a nonlinear aerodynamic method on a large range of Mach numbers for a geometry representative of a typical industrial high-aspect-ratio-wing aircraft. The robustness of the method relies on the accurate estimation of the local pressure field based on an aerodynamic database using a local incidence estimated with a vortex lattice method. The database can be filled with flight test, wind tunnel test, or high-fidelity numerical simulation. The structural deformation is provided by a coupled aeroelastic high-fidelity numerical simulation, and so this paper focuses mainly on the development and validation of the aerodynamic model. Then, the flexible coefficients of the wing are compared to the high-fidelity aeroelastic numerical simulations for a set of Mach numbers ranging from subsonic to transonic conditions. The results presented in this paper show that the present method is very accurate for low-Mach-number regimes (error is lower than 1% on lift), and it is also adapted to transonic flow regimes because the error on lift is lower than 5%. For high Mach numbers, the current solution commits larger errors on drag and pitching moment coefficients.

Published
2023

12. Self-Supervised Learning for Data Scarcity in a Fatigue Damage Prognostic Problem

Author

Anass Akrim, Christian Gogu, Rob Vingerhoeds, Michel Salaün, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Ecole nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux - IMT Mines Albi (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace - ISAE-SUPAERO (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Département d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Complexes (DISC), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Institut Clément Ader (ICA), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)

Subjects
FOS: Computer and information sciences, Computer Science - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning (stat.ML), Machine Learning (cs.LG), Mécanique des structures, Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI), Artificial Intelligence, Control and Systems Engineering, [SPI.MECA.STRU]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Structural mechanics [physics.class-ph], Statistics - Machine Learning, Deep Learning (DL), Prognostics and Health Management (PHM), Self-Supervised Learning (SSL), Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Data Scarcity, Remaining Useful Life (RUL)
Abstract

International audience; With the increasing availability of data for Prognostics and Health Management (PHM), Deep Learning (DL) techniques are now the subject of considerable attention for this application, often achieving more accurate Remaining Useful Life (RUL) predictions. However, one of the major challenges for DL techniques resides in the difficulty of obtaininglarge amounts of labelled data on industrial systems. To overcome this lack of labelled data, an emerging learning technique is considered in our work: Self-Supervised Learning, a sub-category of unsupervised learning approaches. This paper aims to investigate whether pre-training DL models in a self-supervised way on unlabelled sensors data can be useful for RUL estimation with only Few-Shots Learning, i.e. with scarce labelled data. In this research, a fatigue damage prognostics problem is addressed, through the estimation of the RUL of aluminum alloy panels (typical of aerospace structures) subject to fatigue cracks from strain gauge data. Synthetic datasets composed of strain data are used allowing to extensively investigate the influence of the dataset size on the predictive performance. Results show that the self-supervised pre-trained models are able to significantly outperform the non-pre-trained models in downstream RUL prediction task, and with less computational expense, showing promising results in prognostic tasks when only limited labelled data is available.

Published
2023
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13. Unexpected optimal measurement protocols in Bell's inequality violation experiments

Author

Alicia Negre, Renaud Mathevet, Benoit Chalopin, Sébastien Massenot, Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Laboratoire national des champs magnétiques intenses - Toulouse (LNCMI-T), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Femto (LCAR), Laboratoire Collisions Agrégats Réactivité (LCAR), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Fédération de recherche « Matière et interactions » (FeRMI), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Toulouse - INSA (FRANCE), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace - ISAE-SUPAERO (FRANCE), Université Grenoble Alpes - UGA (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), and Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses - LNCMI (Toulouse, France)

Subjects
Quantum entanglement, [SPI.OTHER]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Other, Autre, Incertainty, Genetic algorithm, Bell's inequality, General Physics and Astronomy, Monte-Carlo
Abstract

International audience; Bell's inequality violation experiments are becoming increasingly popular in the practical teaching of undergraduate and master's degree students. Bell's parameter S is obtained from 16 polarization correlation measurements performed on entangled photons pairs. We first report here a detailed analysis of the uncertainty u(S) of Bell's parameter taking into account coincidence count statistics and errors in polarizers' orientation. We show using both computational modeling and experimental measurement that the actual sequence of the polarizer settings has an unexpected and strong influence on the error budget. This result may also be relevant to measurements in other settings in which errors in parameters may have non-random effects in the measurement.

Published
2023

14. CO2 Footprint minimization for AFP bio-composites thin structures

Author

Castro Almeida, Alexandre, Duriez, Edouard, Lachaud, Frédéric, Masania, Kunal, Morlier, Joseph, Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Institut Clément Ader (ICA), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Ecole nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux - IMT Mines Albi (FRANCE), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Toulouse - INSA (FRANCE), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace - ISAE-SUPAERO (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Delft University of Technology - TU Delft (NETHERLANDS), Institut Clément Ader - ICA (Toulouse, France), and Département de Mécanique des Structures et Matériaux - DMSM (Toulouse, France)

Subjects
3D Printing, Mécanique des structures, Eco-design, Fibre Path, [SPI.MECA.STRU]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Structural mechanics [physics.class-ph], Topology Optimisation, Bio-composites
Abstract

International audience; The development of the aeronautical industry has brought about certain demands like the reduction of fuel consumption and, consequently, the weight of used structures. Therefore, topology analysis of aircraft components has played an important role in meeting these demands. Another factor widely studied in this context is the type of materials used in the manufacture of such components, hence, by presenting lower densities, composites have gained ground in this industry sector.Besides, an increasingly sought-after characteristic is the sustainability associated with the entire life cycle of any system or part, from its design, through the production phase, to its end of life. The assessment of such sustainability is often carried out by analysing the life cycle’s CO2 footprint, which tends to decrease when the raw materials used are less processed. Materials of natural origin, also known as "bio-materials", have therefore been the target of study, being the basis of the concept of eco-design. The accelerated development of 3D printing technologies has allowed the evolution of structural design methods. Additive manufacturing emerged in the 1980s and has since been expanding in the aerospace field. One of its great advantages is that it can be combined with the use of bio-composites, such as flax or hemp.The topology optimisation of any given structure brings great benefits in terms of the mitigation of the CO2 impact of a given part, as it translates into a reduction of its mass and fuel consumption. However, the combination of this method with the optimisation of the fibre path, in the 3D printing process, and the CO2 footprint of the part’s life cycle simultaneously can bring even more evident benefits. In this paper modifications to existing methods are proposed. In MATLAB, strategies are developed to study the topology and fibre orientation of potentially 3D printed thin structures.

Published
2022

15. Dynamic crushing of wood-based sandwich composite tubes

Author

Bruno Castanié, Florent Eyma, Romain Guélou, Arthur Cantarel, Samuel Rivallant, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Ecole nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux - IMT Mines Albi (FRANCE), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Toulouse - INSA (FRANCE), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace - ISAE-SUPAERO (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Institut Clément Ader (ICA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)

Subjects
Materials science, General Mathematics, Dynamic, Composite number, Glass fiber, chemistry.chemical_element, Core (manufacturing), [SPI.MECA.MSMECA]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Materials and structures in mechanics [physics.class-ph], 02 engineering and technology, 0203 mechanical engineering, Tube, Energy absorption, General Materials Science, Composite material, Tube (container), Composites, Civil and Structural Engineering, Crushing, Mechanical Engineering, Epoxy, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Mécanique des structures, 020303 mechanical engineering & transports, chemistry, Mechanics of Materials, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Sandwich, Wood veneers, 0210 nano-technology, Carbon, Poplar
Abstract

International audience; The paper presents the results of dynamic crushing of sandwich tubes that had skins made of carbon or glass fibres-with epoxy resin-and an I214 poplar ply core. By increasing the number of poplar plies from two to six, the absorbed energy is doubled, showing the significant contribution of the wood. The Specific Energy Absorption of sandwiches with carbon fibre skins oscillated between 49.4 and 60 J/g while that with glass fibre skins varied from 35.4 to 43.3 J/g.

Published
2021

16. Learning-Enhanced Adaptive Robust GNSS Navigation in Challenging Environments

Author

Yi Ding, Paul Chauchat, Gael Pages, Philippe Asseman, Département Electronique, Optronique et Signal (DEOS), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Airbus Operation S.A.S., Airbus [France], Institut d'Électronique et des Technologies du numéRique (IETR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), Airbus SAS and ANRT, France, Cifre [2019/1073], Airbus (FRANCE), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace - ISAE-SUPAERO (FRANCE), and CentraleSupélec (FRANCE)

Subjects
Control and Optimization, GNSS, Mechanical Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Computer Science Applications, Human-Computer Interaction, Machine Learning, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Artificial Intelligence, Control and Systems Engineering, machine learning for robot control, Localization, probability and statistical methods, Traitement du signal et de l'image, Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Robust Statistics
Abstract

International audience; Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) is the widely used technology when it comes to outdoor positioning. But it has severe limitations with regard to safety-critical applications involving unmanned autonomous systems. Namely, the positioning performance degrades in harsh propagation environment such as urban canyons. In this letter we propose a new algorithm for GNSS navigation in challenging environments based on robust statistics. M-estimators showed promising results in this context, but are limited by some fixed hyper-parameters. Our main idea is to adapt this parameter, for the Huber cost function, to the current environment in a data-driven manner. Doing so, we also present a simple yet efficient way of learning with satellite data, whose number may vary over time. Focusing the learning problem on a single parameter enables to efficiently learn with a lightweight neural network. The generalization capability and the positioning performance of the proposed method are evaluated in multiple contexts scenarios (open-sky, trees, urban and urban canyon), with two distinct GNSS receivers, and in an airplane ground inspection scenario. The maximum positioning error is reduced by up to 68% with respect to M-estimators.

Published
2022

17. An unsupervised approach for health index building and for similarity-based remaining useful life estimation

Author

Sébastien Schwartz, Juan José Montero Jiménez, Rob Vingerhoeds, Michel Salaün, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Ecole nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux - IMT Mines Albi (FRANCE), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Toulouse - INSA (FRANCE), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace - ISAE-SUPAERO (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Département d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Complexes (DISC), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Institut Clément Ader (ICA), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)

Subjects
[SPI.OTHER]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Other, Similarity-based, Kernel principal component analysis, General Computer Science, Autre, Remaining useful life, General Engineering, Predictive maintenance, Prognostic
Abstract

International audience; Predictive maintenance techniques attempt to trigger a maintenance intervention at the right moment by estimating the life expectation. Predictive maintenance is increasingly implemented by automated approaches able to perform diagnostics and prognostics. The main part of recent research in these approaches is focused in machinelearning structures whose reasoning is implicit and cannot be easily explained. This poses a problem for theirimplementation in highly constrained area such as aeronautics. To overcome this constraint, explicit reasoningapproaches such as the Similarity-Based Model (SBM) can be implemented. The SBM has been widely used for fault diagnostics and the remaining useful life (RUL) estimation, but the development of SBM includes tasks that often rely on high skilled experts. For instance, data reduction techniques required for SBM are often performed by experts judgment whose outcomes are not always consistent. The produced features from these techniques are used to build the Health Index that can be used to create the degradation trends that serve as a reference for the SBM. To overcome these difficulties, an automatic and unsupervised approach based on the Kernel Principal Component Analysis is proposed to enhance the Health Index creation. It preserves as much of the sensor information as possible improving the similarity-based RUL estimation. Additionally, when estimating the RUL of a system, the most similar degradation trends stored in the SBM library are used to compute individual RULs, the final RUL is obtained by a fusion rule technique that combines all these individual RULs into a consolidated value. For the fusion rule techniques, a self-adaptive method that does not rely on human expertize is proposed. This fusion rule can benefit of the accumulated knowledge over the SBM operation. This unsupervised approach to develop a SBM is validated with promising results against an equivalent and supervised algorithm that came out best in the 2008 prognostic health management challenge.

Published
2022

18. Improving mechanical ice protection systems with substrate shape optimization

Author

V. Palanque, A. Marbœuf, M. Budinger, V. Pommier-Budinger, L. Bennani, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Ecole nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux - IMT Mines Albi (FRANCE), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Toulouse - INSA (FRANCE), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace - ISAE-SUPAERO (FRANCE), Office National d'Etudes et Recherches Aérospatiales - ONERA (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Département Conception et conduite des véhicules Aéronautiques et Spatiaux (DCAS), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), ONERA / DMPE, Université de Toulouse [Toulouse], ONERA-PRES Université de Toulouse, Institut Clément Ader (ICA), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)

Subjects
Optimization, [SPI.OTHER]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Other, Fracture, Autre, De-icing, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology, Topology, Optimization, Topology, Electro-mechanical
Abstract

International audience; Mechanical and electro-mechanical de-icing systems are low-energy ice protection solutions based on fracturemechanisms. It can, however, be difficult to obtain the protection of an entire surface due to the limited propagation of fractures for some mechanisms. This article shows how it is possible to reshape the substrate in orderto favor the propagation of adhesive fracture at the ice/substrate interface. The first part of the paper introducesan analytical beam theory approach for running computations quickly, making it possible to achieve parametricoptimization of the substrate thickness and maximize the propagation length. The optimization results werevalidated using FEM software and tests on an aluminum prototype. A second method is also studied in this paper,topology optimization is used on a 2D finite element model to minimize the substrate mass of the proposedsolution and adhesive crack propagation is assessed in comparison with the mass impact. For different boundaryconditions, propagation ranges can be increased by up to 150% with a mass increase limited to 50%. Usingtopology optimization, the additional mass could be reduced by 60% while maintaining the sameperformances.

Published
2022

19. A common framework for the design optimization of fixed-wing, multicopter and VTOL UAV configurations

Author

Pollet, Félix, Delbecq, Scott, Budinger, Marc, Moschetta, Jean-Marc, Liscouët, Jonathan, Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Institut Clément Ader (ICA), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), and Concordia University [Montreal]

Subjects
[SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], UAV, Design optimization, Fixed-wing, Multicopter, MDO, Drone, VTOL
Abstract

International audience; In recent years, unmanned aerial vehicles applications have grown in various fields. New design configurations have emerged to address these needs. This paper focuses on the multidisciplinary design optimization of three popular concepts of drones under a common framework: multicopters, fixed-wings, and the more recent fixed-wing VTOLs. Low-fidelity but computationally efficient models for drone sizing are proposed, some of them being shared by the different concepts. The models are integrated with a design optimization approach, and an efficient sizing methodology allows for reducing the problem complexity. This approach is instrumental because of the large number of design variables and constraints involved in the multidisciplinary design process. Examples of sizing results are provided to validate the methodology for fixed wing UAVs. In addition, a study case demonstrates the benefit of a common framework for comparing the performances of different drone concepts. A key finding is that the VTOL propulsion of the fixed-wing VTOLs must be carefully optimized to avoid an undesirable mass penalty.

Published
2022

20. Proposition of a new qualification impact test for aerospace smart structures

Author

Gastaldo, Giulia, Rafik, Younes, Budinger, Marc, Pommier-Budinger, Valérie, Olivier, Philippe, Navarro, Pablo, Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Institut Clément Ader (ICA), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)

Subjects
Piezoelectric transducers, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], BVID, Impact test, [SPI.MECA.MSMECA]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Materials and structures in mechanics [physics.class-ph], Smart structures, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials
Abstract

International audience; Piezoelectric materials are employed in several different aerospace applications thanks to their actuating and sensing abilities. They can be adopted to control vibration, stress distribution, aeroelastic stability, shape changes, and in structural health monitoring systems. Given the level of reliability required in aeronautics, it is of vital importance to ensure their correct functioning during all aircraft life and for critical events such as impacts. This paper proposes a novel test standard method to measure and qualify the damage resistance of smart PZT structures to a drop-weight impact event. Procedures for the quantification of damage through measurements of electromechanical characteristics are introduced and verified by impact tests.

Published
2022

21. Aeroelastic analysis of high aspect ratio and strut-braced wings

Author

Lamer, Yoann Le, Morlier, Joseph, Benard, Emmanuel, He, Ping, Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Institut Clément Ader (ICA), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), and Iowa State University (ISU)

Subjects
[SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], High Aspect Ratio (HAR) wings, Strut-Braced wings (SBW), Aeroelasticity, Multidisciplinary Design Analysis (MDA)
Abstract

International audience; Increasing the aspect ratio of transonic aircraft wings represent a promising path to allow aviation to reduce its carbon footprint. The objective of this study is to develop sufficiently accurate aero-structural models in order to fully exploit High Aspect Ratio (HAR) wings drag reduction and performance improvements potential at preliminary design stage. The use of a multifidelity approach makes it possible to reduce computational costs by mainly resorting to low-fidelity computations and only running high-fidelity computations when necessary. The first step is to develop high and low fidelity models to perform static aeroelastic analysis on the NASA CRM wing. These models will be used as a baseline to be compared with other configurations of interest. Afterwards, models are developed for a modified version of the CRM wing with a higher aspect ratio, and static aeroelastic analysis are carried out. Finally, a Strut-Braced Wing (SBW) configuration is studied to evaluate its mass reduction potential, in addition to the drag reduction provided by the increased aspect ratio. These aero-structural models are implemented within an in-house aeroelastic analysis and optimization framework. This works focuses on aeroelastic analysis for now, but is to be extended to aeroelastic optimization, using a multifidelity approach.

Published
2022

22. Surrogate modeling: tricks that endured the test of time and some recent developments

Author

Tushar Goel, Felipe A. C. Viana, Christian Gogu, University of Central Florida [Orlando] (UCF), Institut Clément Ader (ICA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)

Subjects
Control and Optimization, Computer science, 0211 other engineering and technologies, 02 engineering and technology, Variable screening, Machine learning, computer.software_genre, 01 natural sciences, 010104 statistics & probability, [STAT.ML]Statistics [stat]/Machine Learning [stat.ML], Data sampling, [MATH.MATH-ST]Mathematics [math]/Statistics [math.ST], sequential sampling, 0101 mathematics, Sequential sampling, Uncertainty quantification, 021103 operations research, business.industry, Dimensionality reduction, Design of experiments, Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design, surrogate modeling, [SPI.MECA.GEME]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Mechanical engineering [physics.class-ph], Computer Science Applications, Test (assessment), design of experiments, Control and Systems Engineering, Artificial intelligence, Engineering design process, business, computer, Software
Abstract

International audience; Tasks such as analysis, design optimization, and uncertainty quantification can be computationally expensive. Surrogate modeling is often the tool of choice for reducing the burden associated with such data-intensive tasks. However, even after years of intensive research, surrogate modeling still involves a struggle to achieve maximum accuracy within limited resources. This work summarizes various advanced, yet often straightforward, statistical tools that help. We focus on four techniques with increasing popularity in the surrogate modeling community: (i) variable screening and dimensionality reduction in both the input and the output spaces, (ii) data sampling techniques or design of experiments, (iii) simultaneous use of multiple surrogates, and (iv) sequential sampling. We close the paper with some suggestions for future research.

Published
2021

23. A New Approach for Optimizing a Bipolar Charge Transport Model for Dielectric Materials: Theoretical Framework

Author

Fulbert Baudoin, K. Hallak, Virginie Griseri, Stéphane Segonds, Florian Bugarin, LAboratoire PLasma et Conversion d'Energie (LAPLACE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Diélectriques Solides et Fiabilité (LAPLACE-DSF), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Institut Clément Ader (ICA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)

Subjects
010302 applied physics, Materials science, [PHYS.MPHY]Physics [physics]/Mathematical Physics [math-ph], Charge density, Charge (physics), Sobol sequence, Dielectric, 01 natural sciences, Space charge, Set (abstract data type), [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Low-density polyethylene, 0103 physical sciences, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], [MATH.MATH-OC]Mathematics [math]/Optimization and Control [math.OC], Sensitivity (control systems), [MATH]Mathematics [math], Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Biological system, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

A bipolar charge transport model with two levels of traps (shallow and deep traps) is employed to describe and investigate the dynamic behavior of the space charge in low-density polyethylene (LDPE). This kind of model requires some initial experimental conditions alongside a set of parameters. An optimization method is used in order to provide the best precision for model parameters. Furthermore, the sensitivity of these parameters has been analyzed using an approach based on Sobol's method. In essence, this paper proposes a specific protocol that contributes to producing a global set of parameters able to provide the best approximate fit between experimental and simulated results. Net charge density is measured by the pulse electro-acoustic method (PEA) along with what is known as external charging current measurements. The simulated data are obtained by a bipolar charge transport model, which is developed for low-sensity polyethylene.

Published
2021

24. An outer approximation bi-level framework for mixed categorical structural optimization problems

Author

Pierre-Jean Barjhoux, Youssef Diouane, Stéphane Grihon, Joseph Morlier, Airbus (FRANCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Ecole nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux - IMT Mines Albi (FRANCE), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Toulouse - INSA (FRANCE), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace - ISAE-SUPAERO (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Département de Mécanique des Structures et Matériaux - DMSM (Toulouse, France), Institut Clément Ader (ICA), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Département de mathématiques et de génie industriel, École Polytechnique de Montréal (EPM), Airbus Operation S.A.S., and Airbus [France]

Subjects
FOS: Computer and information sciences, Outer approximation, Control and Optimization, Structural optimization, Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design, Categorical variables, Computer Science Applications, Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE), Mécanique des structures, [SPI.MECA.STRU]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Structural mechanics [physics.class-ph], Optimization and Control (math.OC), Control and Systems Engineering, FOS: Mathematics, Computer Science - Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science, Mathematics - Optimization and Control, Software
Abstract

In this paper, mixed categorical structural optimization problems are investigated. The aim is to minimize the weight of a truss structure with respect to cross-section areas, materials and cross-section type. The proposed methodology consists of using a bi-level decomposition involving two problems: master and slave. The master problem is formulated as a mixed integer linear problem where the linear constraints are incrementally augmented using outer approximations of the slave problem solution. The slave problem addresses the continuous variables of the optimization problem. The proposed methodology is tested on three different structural optimization test cases with increasing complexity. The comparison to state-of-the-art algorithms emphasizes the efficiency of the proposed methodology in terms of the optimum quality, computation cost, as well as its scalability with respect to the problem dimension. A challenging 120-bar dome truss optimization problem with 90 categorical choices per bar is also tested. The obtained results showed that our method is able to solve efficiently large scale mixed categorical structural optimization problems., Accepted for publication in Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization, to appear 2022

Published
2022

25. Infrasound From Large Earthquakes Recorded on a Network of Balloons in the Stratosphere

Author

Raphael F. Garcia, Adrien Klotz, Albert Hertzog, Roland Martin, Solène Gérier, Ervan Kassarian, Jérôme Bordereau, Stéphanie Venel, David Mimoun, Centre National d'Études Spatiales - CNES (FRANCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace - ISAE-SUPAERO (FRANCE), Sorbonne Université (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Ecole Normale Supérieure de Paris - ENS Paris (FRANCE), Ecole Polytechnique (FRANCE), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), and Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)

Subjects
Geophysics, quake, Planétologie et astrophysique de la terre, Autre, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], solid Earth, stratospheric balloon, infrasound, Seismic infrasound, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, pressure sensor, Venus
Abstract

International audience; The ground movements induced by seismic waves create acoustic waves propagating upward in the atmosphere, thus providing a practical solution to perform remote sensing of planetary interiors. However, a terrestrial demonstration of a seismic network based on balloon-carried pressure sensors has not been provided. Here we present the first detection of seismic infrasound from a large magnitude quake on a balloon network. We demonstrate that quake's properties and planet's internal structure can be probed from balloon-borne pressure records alone because these are generated by the ground movements at the planet surface below the balloon. Various seismic waves are identified, thus allowing us to infer the quake magnitude and location, as well as planetary internal structure. The mechanical resonances of balloon system are also observed. This study demonstrates the interest of planetary geophysical mission concepts based on seismic remote sensing with balloon platforms, and their interest to complement terrestrial seismic networks.

Published
2022

26. A simplified modal analysis of a single lap bonded joint using the macro-element technique

Author

Benjamin Ordonneau, Éric Paroissien, Michel Salaün, Alejandro Benitez-Martin, Sébastien Schwartz, Julien Malrieu, Alexandre Guigue, Centre Technique des Industries Mécaniques - CETIM (FRANCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Direction Générale pour l'Armement - DGA (FRANCE), Ecole nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux - IMT Mines Albi (FRANCE), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Toulouse - INSA (FRANCE), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace - ISAE-SUPAERO (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Département de Mécanique des Structures et Matériaux - DMSM (Toulouse, France), Institut Clément Ader (ICA), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), CEntre Technique des Industries Mécaniques - Cetim (FRANCE), Direction générale de l'armement - Techniques aéronautiques (DGA-TA), and DGA

Subjects
Applied Mathematics, Mechanical Engineering, Modal analysis, Single-lap bonded joint, Condensed Matter Physics, Macro-element, Functionally graded adhesive -Balanced joint, Mechanics of Materials, Modeling and Simulation, [SPI.MECA.MEMA]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph], Unbalanced joint, General Materials Science, Mécanique des matériaux, Finite Element analysis
Abstract

International audience; Modal analyses are essential steps in structural design. Simple and quick numerical procedures and design tools for modal and dynamic analysis of bonded joints would be an attractive option to increase the efficiency of the design process in its early phases. This paper offers a simple and quick numerical tool dedicated to the modal analysis of single lap bonded joints with balanced and unbalanced adherends with various boundary conditions. Based on the macro-element technique developed with Taylor expansion in power series, this paper gives all the steps to develop the mass matrix associated with a macro-element. The mass matrix has been developed so far for 1D-bar and 1D-beam kinematic frameworks. The results obtained with the macro-element technique and a Finite Element analysis give similar results.

Published
2022

27. Study of the fracture behaviour in hybrid fibers reinforced thermoplastic laminates: Influence of temperature and initial notch orientation

Author

Vieille, Benoit, Pujols Gonzalez, Juan-Daniel, Bouvet, Christophe, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Ecole nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux - IMT Mines Albi (FRANCE), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Toulouse - INSA (FRANCE), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace - ISAE-SUPAERO (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - INSA (FRANCE), Normandie Université (FRANCE), Groupe de physique des matériaux (GPM), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (IRMA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Clément Ader (ICA), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)

Subjects
Mécanique des structures, Damage mechanics, Applied Mathematics, Mechanical Engineering, Mixed-mode, Temperature, General Materials Science, Thermoplastic, Fracture toughness, Condensed Matter Physics, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials
Abstract

The present work was aimed at investigating the failure of quasi-isotropic fibers reinforced thermoplastic laminates solicited at different testing temperatures. Single-edge-notch bending (SENB) tests were conducted at room temperature (RT) and at a temperature higher than the glass transition temperature (Tg) to investigate the influence of failure mode (depending on initial notch orientation) as well as matrix ductility and toughness (depending on testing temperature) on: (1) damage mechanisms – (2) critical translaminar fracture toughness Gc and (3) G-R curves evolution. The mixed mode fracture toughness GI+II,c is dramatically lower than the mode I fracture toughness GIc, with −52% and −67% decreases, at RT and 150 °C respectively. In 45° notched specimens, most of the fracture energy (about 80%) stems from the mode I failure. Though they are not prominent on fracture, the failure mechanisms associated with mode II are instrumental in limiting the contribution of mode I on fracture behavior. Finally, though a temperature increase has very little influence on GIc, it significantly reduces the value of GI+II,c (−32%). This change primarily results from the formation of plastic-kink bands in compression that are promoted by both the ductility of the polyether ether ketone (PEEK) matrix at T > Tg and the mixed-mode failure.

Published
2022

28. Experimental analysis of the effects of wrinkles in the radius of curvature of L-shaped carbon-epoxy specimens on unfolding failure

Author

Journoud, pierre, Bouvet, Christophe, Castanié, Bruno, Ratsifandrihana, Léon, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Ecole nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux - IMT Mines Albi (FRANCE), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Toulouse - INSA (FRANCE), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace - ISAE-SUPAERO (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Segula Technologies (FRANCE), Département de Mécanique des Structures et Matériaux - DMSM (Toulouse, France), Institut Clément Ader (ICA), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), and Segula Technologies [France]

Subjects
Carbon fibre, Mécanique des structures, Fracture, Mechanics of Materials, Delamination, [SPI.MECA.MEMA]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph], Ceramics and Composites, Damage tolerance, Mechanical testing, Defects, Carbon fibres
Abstract

International audience; An experimental study has been carried out to describe the evolution of the failure load relative to the maximum misalignment angle of curved carbon–epoxy laminates with out-of-plane wrinkle defects for a large range of misalignments. L-angle specimens with different levels of fibre wrinkling were manufactured and tested in four-point bending tests. Digital Image Correlation (DIC) and infrared thermography were used to monitor the tests. They allowed the stress concentrations induced by the wrinkles to be identified, together with their influences on the failure load of the sample. In most cases, increases in wrinkling levels led to decreases in failure loads.

Published
2022

29. Regularized Infill Criteria for Multi-objective Bayesian Optimization with Application to Aircraft Design

Author

Grapin, R., Diouane, Y., Morlier, J., Bartoli, N., Lefebvre, T., Saves, P., Bussemaker, J.H., Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Institut Clément Ader (ICA), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), ONERA / DTIS, Université de Toulouse [Toulouse], ONERA-PRES Université de Toulouse, DLR, Institute of System Architectures in Aeronautics, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Ecole Polytechnique de Montréal (CANADA), Ecole nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux - IMT Mines Albi (FRANCE), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Toulouse - INSA (FRANCE), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace - ISAE-SUPAERO (FRANCE), Office National d'Etudes et Recherches Aérospatiales - ONERA (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt - DLR (GERMANY), Institut Clément Ader - ICA (Toulouse, France), and Département de Mécanique des Structures et Matériaux - DMSM (Toulouse, France)

Subjects
[PHYS]Physics [physics], Kriging, Mécanique des structures, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Bayesian Optimization, Aircraft Design, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], [MATH]Mathematics [math], Multi-Objective, OPTIMISATION MULTIOBJECTIF, OPTIMISATION BAYESIENNE, Bayesian optimization
Abstract

International audience; Bayesian optimization is an advanced tool to perform efficient global optimization. It consists on enriching iteratively surrogate Kriging models of the objective and the constraints (both supposed to be computationally expensive) of the targeted optimization problem. Nowadays, efficient extensions of Bayesian optimization to solve expensive multi-objective problems are of high interest. The proposed method, in this paper, extends the super efficient global optimization with mixture of experts (SEGOMOE) to solve constrained multi-objective problems. To cope with the ill-posedness of the multi-objective infill criteria, different enrichment procedures using regularization techniques are proposed. The merit of the proposed approaches are shown on known multi-objective benchmark problems with and without constraints. The proposed methods are then used to solve a bi-objective application related to conceptual aircraft design with five unknown design variables and three nonlinear inequality constraints. The preliminary results show a reduction of the total cost in terms of function evaluations by a factor of 20 compared to the evolutionary algorithm NSGA-II.

Published
2022

30. Structural dynamics of flexible rotor blades to study aeroelastic phenomena

Author

Chambon, Anais, Sanches, Leonardo, Prothin, Sébastien, Eloy, Christophe, Michon, Guilhem, Aix-Marseille Université - AMU (FRANCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Ecole nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux - IMT Mines Albi (FRANCE), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Toulouse - INSA (FRANCE), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace - ISAE-SUPAERO (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Ecole Centrale Marseille (FRANCE), Institut Clément Ader (ICA), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Département Aérodynamique Energétique et Propulsion (DAEP), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Institut de Recherche sur les Phénomènes Hors Equilibre (IRPHE), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Mécanique des structures, Fluid-Structure Interaction, [SPI.MECA.STRU]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Structural mechanics [physics.class-ph]
Abstract

International audience; Nowadays, experimental analyses of fluid-structure interactions on flexible rotating blades are few widespread. For this purpose, an experimental rotor test bench for blades with variable flexibility is under development. Different sets of blades have been fabricated with different composite materials and variable thickness, depending on the number of layers considered.The main objective of the present work is to estimate which sets of blades are more sensitive to flutter occurrence based on their Campbell diagrams. For this purpose, a finite element approach is developed to model the dynamic behavior of the blades assumed as a uniform, slender, isotropic and homogeneous beam with out-of-plane bending and torsion deformations, submitted to inertial and centrifugal forces due the rotation effects. Two numerical models were developed by considering Timoshenko and Euler-Bernoulli beam theories; both are validated by means of the software COMSOLr. Later, the mechanical properties of each set of blades have been identified from the frequency response functions (FRFs) obtained through experimental vibration tests. The frequencies and eigenmodes of blades determined experimentally are compared with those obtained with FEM model. Then, rotation effects on the blade frequencies are studied by using Campbell diagrams for all set of blades studied. It is evidenced for some of the sets the presence of intersections between bending and torsional frequencies in the interval of the operational rotating speed of the test bench. This fact might be considered as an indicator of potential flutter occurrence.Aerodynamic load will be consider in the future work.

Published
2022

31. Study of fast aeroelastic solvers for gust load computation

Author

Chandre-Vila, Oriol, Nivet, Yann, Marquier, Sylvie, Morlier, Joseph, Gourdain, Nicolas, Airbus Operation S.A.S., Airbus [France], Institut Clément Ader (ICA), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Département Aérodynamique Energétique et Propulsion (DAEP), and Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)

Subjects
Fast Methodology, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Static Aeroelasticity, Wind Gusts, Unsteady Aerodynamics
Abstract

International audience; Aeroelasticity plays an important role in the design and certification of aircrafts. Whether steady aerodynamics is key for static methods, unsteady phenomenon is key for dynamic approaches. Nevertheless, in both aeroelastic problematics, it is basically aerodynamics who monopolizes the CPU cost. Thus, fast methods are interesting as alternative to the high cost of CFDCSM simulations.The aim of this study is to present an unsteady method that predicts the aerodynamics of aircrafts encountering a wind gust. First of all, the process that brought to the formulation of the static aeroelasticity from Wind Tunnel Tests (WTT) is refreshed. It is a rapid and robust method based on the principle of the local incidence shift due to flexible effects. This difference in the angle of attack is used to interpolate the pressure coefficient from aerodynamics lookup tables.Secondly, the static method (called Fast Nonlinear Static Aeroelasticity –FNSA–) is validated when analyzing a high aspect ratio wing which assures a flexible structure. The method deals with nonlinear, flexible and compressible effects in steady aerodynamics.Finally, an algorithm is proposed to integrate the FNSA formulation to the unsteady problem of gust load computation. The methodology uses a quasi-steady approach of the static solver together with Wagner delay function modeling the unsteadiness of the flow. Restricting our aeroelastic equation of motion to a simple mass-stiffness system, the airstream directed downward due to the gust is added to the downwash of each section. The formulation allows, then, a reaction to the gust at each time step that yields to flexible results with an accuracy comparable to the Unsteady Vortex Lattice Method but around 3600 times faster.

Published
2022

32. A Framework for Generating Large Data Sets for Fatigue Damage Prognostic Problems

Author

Anass Akrim, Christian Gogu, Thomas Guillebot de Nerville, Paul Strahle, Brondon Waffa Pagou, Michel Salaun, Rob Vingerhoeds, Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Institut Clément Ader (ICA), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)

Subjects
[SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Deep Learning, Synthetic Dataset, [STAT.ML]Statistics [stat]/Machine Learning [stat.ML], Prognostics and Health Management (PHM), Fatigue Damage Prognostics Problem (FDPP), Remaining Useful Life (RUL)
Abstract

International audience; Prognostics and Health Management (PHM) relies on the availability of large amounts of data for a given system and allows to analyse this data and to draw conclusions as to the health state of the system, the identification of faults and failures, as well as the calculation of the remaining useful life time. Often, it is expected that this data is labelled, i.e. that the data has been pre-analysed and that for each data point an exact information is available as to what it is about, when it was measured, etc. In reality, this is not always easy and this labeled data is not always available. For example, on aerospace structures, complete labeled data until the end of their lifetime are not usually available. This may hamper for example the use of Deep Learning (DL) techniques for Predictive Maintenance, as they rely on the availability of large amounts of labeled sensor data. In this paper a framework and associated code r is proposed to generate high dimensional data sets for a realistic fatigue damage prognostics problem, representative of fatigue cracks propagation in aeronautical fuselage panels. With this data, DL techniques can be trained, and we will illustrate this with a case study involving several of the most commonly used DL models to address failure prognostics.

Published
2022

33. A coupled closed-form/Doubly Asymptotic Approximation approach for the response of orthotropic plates subjected to an underwater explosion

Author

Ye Pyae Sone Oo, Hervé Le Sourne, Olivier Dorival, Institut de Recherche en Génie Civil et Mécanique (GeM), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Catholique d'Arts et Métiers (ICAM), Institut Clément Ader (ICA), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)

Subjects
Ocean Engineering, [SPI.MECA.MSMECA]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Materials and structures in mechanics [physics.class-ph], 02 engineering and technology, Orthotropic material, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Underwater explosion (UNDEX), 0203 mechanical engineering, Deflection (engineering), Fluid-structure interaction (FSI), [SPI.MECA.MEMA]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph], 0103 physical sciences, Underwater explosion, Parametric statistics, Physics, Mechanical Engineering, Isotropy, Mathematical analysis, Finite difference, LS-DYNA/USA, Doubly-Asymptotic Approximation (DAA), [SPI.MECA.GEME]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Mechanical engineering [physics.class-ph], Exponential function, Shock (mechanics), 020303 mechanical engineering & transports, [SPI.MECA.STRU]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Structural mechanics [physics.class-ph], Nonstandard finite difference (NSFD) method
Abstract

International audience; In this paper, a closed-form analytical solution procedure is proposed to solve the coupled fluid-structure interaction (FSI) equations that involve the first-order Doubly Asymptotic Approximation (DAA1) formulation. An efficient method comprised of the nonstandard finite difference (NSFD) scheme is applied. First of all, analytical equations are developed to analyze the response of a rigid mass-spring oscillator in an air-backed condition when it is subjected to a plane shock exponential wave coming from a far-field underwater explosion. After validating the results with LS-DYNA/USA (DAA1), these equations are extended to determine the response of a two-dimensional, simply-supported rectangular plate, and then tested on the isotropic and orthotropic plates within a small deflection regime. Parametric studies are also performed by varying the load decay times, peak pressures, as well as the aspect ratios of the plate. Finally, the advantages and limitations of the proposed formulae are exposed along with suggestions for the future work.

Published
2021

34. Generalized cutting force model for peripheral milling of wood, based on the effect of density, uncut chip cross section, grain orientation and tool helix angle

Author

Rémi Curti, Louis Denaud, Bertand Marcon, Giacomo Goli, Marco Togni, Rocco Furferi, Institut Clément Ader (ICA), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), École Nationale Supérieure d'Arts et Métiers (ENSAM), Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM), Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI), Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale (DIEF), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM), and Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI)

Subjects
040101 forestry, 0106 biological sciences, cutting forces, Materials science, Work (physics), Helix angle, grain orientation, Forestry, Geometry, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, wood machining, Chip, Modelling, Cutting Force, wood milling, 01 natural sciences, tool geometry, Vibration, Cross section (physics), Machining, 010608 biotechnology, Helix, Cutting force model, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, General Materials Science, Mécanique: Mécanique des matériaux [Sciences de l'ingénieur]
Abstract

Article publié en open-access sous accord avec CRUI-CARE (Université de Florence) The influence of the grain angle on the cutting force when milling wood is not yet detailed, apart from particular cases (end-grain, parallel to the grain, or in some rare cases 45°-cut). Thus, setting-up wood machining operations with complex paths still relies mainly on the experience of the operators because of the lack of scientific knowledge easily transferable to the industry. The aim of the present work is to propose an empirical model based on specific cutting coefficients for the assessment of cutting force when peripheral milling of wood based on the following input: uncut chip thickness and width, grain angle (angle between the tool velocity vector and the grain direction of the wood), density and tool helix angle. The specific cutting coefficients were determined by peripheral milling with different depths of cut wood disks issued from different wood species on a dynamometric platform to record the forces. Milling a sample into a round shape (a disk) allows to measure the cutting forces toward every grain angle into a sole basic diameter reduction operation. Force signals are then post-processed to carefully clean the natural vibrations of the system without impacting their magnitudes. The experiment is repeated on five species with a large range of densities, machining two disks per species for five depths of cut in up- and down milling conditions for three different tool helix angles. Finally, a simple cutting force model, based on the previously cited parameters, is proposed, and its robustness analysed. - This work was made possible thanks to the funding of the ANISOTROPEE project from the University of Florence (IT) and the support of the Région Bourgogne Franche-Comté (FR). Authors also want to acknowledge Gianluca Fantacci (G3 Fantacci Corp) for designing and providing the three cutting tools used during the core experimental campaign of this study. - Giacomo Goli would like to acknowledge the Art et Metiers Institute of Technology (ENSAM, Cluny campus, France) for financing 2 months in the laboratory LaBoMaP as invited researcher. - Rémi Curti would like to acknowledge the European COST Action FP1407 for funding a Short Term Scientific Mission of 1 week at DAGRI during his Ph.D to work with Giacomo Goli.

Published
2021

35. Robust Variational-Based Kalman Filter for Outlier Rejection With Correlated Measurements

Author

Jordi Vila-Valls, Daniel Medina, Haoqing Li, Pau Closas, Northeastern University [Boston], German Aerospace Center (DLR), Département Electronique, Optronique et Signal (DEOS), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace - ISAE-SUPAERO (FRANCE), German Aerospace Center - DLR (GERMANY), Northeastern University (USA), Département d'Electronique, Optronique et Signal - DEOS (Toulouse, France), and Chouzenoux, Emilie

Subjects
[SPI.OTHER]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Other, Noise measurement, Computer science, Gaussian, Correlated measurements, 020206 networking & telecommunications, 02 engineering and technology, Kalman filter, Robust filtering, Heavy-tailed noise, Nautische Systeme, Data modeling, Nonlinear system, symbols.namesake, Autre, Signal Processing, Outlier, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Task analysis, symbols, Outliers, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Variational Bayes, Algorithm
Abstract

International audience; State estimation is a fundamental task in many engineering fields, and therefore robust nonlinear filtering techniques able to cope with misspecified, uncertain and/or corrupted models must be designed for real-life applicability. In this contribution we explore nonlinear Gaussian filtering problems where measurements may be corrupted by outliers,and propose a new robust variational-based filtering methodology able to detect and mitigate their impact. This method generalizes previous contributions to the case of multiple outlier indicators for both independent and dependent observation models. An illustrative example is provided to support the discussion and show the performance improvement.

Published
2021

36. Robust Active Mirror Control Based on Hybrid Sensing for Spacecraft Line-of-Sight Stabilization

Author

Daniel Alazard, Valérie Pommier-Budinger, Samir Bennani, Francesco Sanfedino, Valentin Preda, Fabrice Boquet, Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace - ISAE-SUPAERO (FRANCE), ESA - ESTEC (NETHERLANDS), Département Conception et conduite des véhicules Aéronautiques et Spatiaux (DCAS), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), and University of California-University of California

Subjects
Test bench, Fast steering mirror (FSM), Computer science, [MATH.MATH-DS]Mathematics [math]/Dynamical Systems [math.DS], Robust control, Microvibrations, 02 engineering and technology, Systèmes dynamiques, 01 natural sciences, 0203 mechanical engineering, Pointing stability, 0103 physical sciences, Digital image processing, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Uncertainty quantification, Adaptive optics, 010301 acoustics, Spacecraft, business.industry, Bandwidth (signal processing), System identification, Control engineering, 020303 mechanical engineering & transports, Hybrid sensing, Control and Systems Engineering, business
Abstract

International audience; Modern space-observation missions demand stringent pointing requirements that motivated a significant amount of research on the topic of microvibration isolation and line-of-sight stabilization systems. While disturbances can be reduced by mounting some of the noisy equipment on various isolation platforms, residual vibrations can still propagate through and be amplified by the flexible structure of the spacecraft. In order to alleviate these issues, the line of sight must also be actively controlled at the payload level. However, such systems typically have to rely solely on low-frequency sensors based on image processing algorithms. The goal of this article is to present a model-based control methodology that can increase the bandwidth of such systems by making use of additional rate sensors mounted on the main disturbance elements impacting the optical path. Following a comprehensive model identification and uncertainty quantification part, the robust control strategy is designed to account for plant uncertainty and provide formal worst case performance guarantees. Excellent agreement between theoretical prediction and experimental results are obtained on a test bench developed at the European Space Agency.

Published
2021

37. Regarding the COVID-19 crisis from a systems engineering perspective

Author

Pantano-Calderón, Santiago, Baron, Claude, Chaudemar, Jean-Charles, Vareilles, Élise, Vingerhoeds, Rob, Équipe Méthodes et Algorithmes en Commande (LAAS-MAC), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), Équipe Ingénierie Système et Intégration (LAAS-ISI), Département d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Complexes (DISC), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT), ISCRAM, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Toulouse - INSA (FRANCE), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace - ISAE-SUPAERO (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT2J (FRANCE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - UT1 (FRANCE), and Pantano-Calderón, Santiago

Subjects
[SPI.OTHER]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Other, [SHS.STAT]Humanities and Social Sciences/Methods and statistics, Autre, [SHS.STAT] Humanities and Social Sciences/Methods and statistics, Modeling, [SHS.GESTION]Humanities and Social Sciences/Business administration, COVID-19, [SHS.GESTION] Humanities and Social Sciences/Business administration, Simulation, Crisis, Holistic approach
Abstract

International audience; In the beginning of 2022, the world is still fighting the crisis caused by the COVID-19 outbreak. The scientific community is still dedicating significant efforts to identify which are the better strategies to mitigate the pandemic and establish how and when to apply them. Modeling and simulation are a common method to replicate and foresee the behavior of the epidemic curve, but traditional analytical models are not capable to explain and reproduce the real evolution of the number of infections and deaths as they only concentrate in the epidemiological aspects of the virus. The COVID-19 crisis has an impact in all fundamental levels of society, and this is the reason why its modeling requires a global perspective and a holistic approach. Though the engineering scope is not common in the study of public health crises, this paper concludes that some engineering tools such as systems analysis and control theory may be the answer to build a high-fidelity model to support the decision-making facing the emergency.

Published
2022

38. Upscaling optimal topology multimaterials structures using Deep Neural Networks

Author

Kanthamraju, Anirudh, Duriez, Edouard, James, Kai, Morlier, Joseph, Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Institut Clément Ader (ICA), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign [Urbana], University of Illinois System, ANR-21-MRS1-0009,ECODD,ECoconcevoir les aérostructures Optimales De Demain(2021), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Ecole nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux - IMT Mines Albi (FRANCE), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Toulouse - INSA (FRANCE), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace - ISAE-SUPAERO (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign - UIUC (USA), Institut Clément Ader - ICA (Toulouse, France), and Département de Mécanique des Structures et Matériaux - DMSM (Toulouse, France)

Subjects
Mécanique des structures, Deep Neural Networks, Multi-Material Topology Optimization, [SPI.MECA.STRU]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Structural mechanics [physics.class-ph], Image Super Resolution, Physics Informed Neural Networks
Abstract

National audience; The problem of Topology Optimization aims to solve the question of the optimal material distribution subjected to known boundary and load conditions subject to a target volume fraction. In this study, we present a machine learning framework to tackle the problem of Multi Material Topology upscaling, i.e., the prediction of a higher resolution topology with just the low- resolution input. A Convolutional Deep Neural network was trained with a data set generated from an iterative code found in the existing literature. The network architecture implemented in this study is a modified version of SRGAN which has proven capabilities in upscaling complex real-world images. In this study, the perceptual loss function was used as the loss function in order to not penalize the network for its predictions that are off by a couple of pixels while simultaneously rewarding the network for its outputs that yield accurate compliance. The paper aims to present a novel approach to the problem of Topology Upscaling of 2x by mapping local features of the low-resolution topology to their higher resolution counterparts.

Published
2022

39. Prédictions numériques de la tolérance aux dommages d'impact d'une structure composite soumise à des chargements complexes

Author

Joel Serra, Antoine Trellu, christophe bouvet, Samuel Rivallant, Léon Ratsifandrihana, Bruno Castanie, Institut Clément Ader (ICA), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Segula Technologies [France], Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), and Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France [UPHF]

Subjects
Dialogue essais, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Impact, [SPI.MECA.STRU]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Structural mechanics [physics.class-ph], Essais structuraux, Endommagement, Composite, Multiaxial, calculs
Abstract

International audience; Des sollicitations multiaxiales sur structures stratifiées composites impactées sont réalisées à l'aide d'un banc d'essais développé à l'Institut Clément Ader (Toulouse). Une modélisation ElémentsFinis ,le « Discrete Ply Model », est utilisée pour simuler le comportement à rupture de ces plaques composites. Les calculs explicites prennent en compte à la fois la sollicitation d'impact et le chargement multiaxial post-impact. Un suivi par caméras optiques et infrarouge est mis en place afin de valider les simulations numériques.

Published
2022

40. A Fluid Structure Interaction Methodology to design Paragliders and Parachutes

Author

Tom Lolies, Miguel Charlotte, Nicolas Gourdain, Institut Clément Ader (ICA), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), and Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)

Subjects
[PHYS.MECA.SOLID]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Solid mechanics [physics.class-ph]
Abstract

International audience

Published
2022

41. Improving mechanical ice protection systems with topology optimization

Author

Alexis Marbœuf, Marc Budinger, Valérie Pommier-Budinger, Valérian Palanque, Lokman Bennani, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Ecole nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux - IMT Mines Albi (FRANCE), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Toulouse - INSA (FRANCE), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace - ISAE-SUPAERO (FRANCE), Office National d'Etudes et Recherches Aérospatiales - ONERA (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Institut Clément Ader (ICA), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), ONERA / DMPE, Université de Toulouse [Toulouse], and ONERA-PRES Université de Toulouse

Subjects
[SPI.OTHER]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Other, Control and Optimization, Electromechanical de-icing, Adjoint method, [PHYS.MECA]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics], Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design, Computer Science Applications, Autre, Adhesive fracture, Control and Systems Engineering, Topology optimization, Energy release rate, Software
Abstract

International audience; In the context of more electrical aircraft, electromechanical de-icing systems provide a low-energy solution to protect aircraft surfaces from ice buildup. Such systems produce deformation of the protected surface leading to stress production within the ice and, ultimately, to ice shedding thanks to fracture. However, these systems may show limitations when it comes to completely protecting a given surface. Ice delamination is often restricted to a part of the surface and the remaining ice either requires more energy to be removed or is just impossible to remove. In this paper, topology optimization of the substrate covered by ice is thus investigated to increase fracture propagation and ice shedding. For that purpose, an optimization problem, involving the energy release rate but also the mass and the substrate stress, is formulated. The numerical results show how the delamination efficiency of mechanical-based ice protection systems can be improved through the topologymodification of the substrate.

Published
2022

42. Seasonal variations of subsurface seismic velocities monitored by the SEIS-InSight seismometer on Mars

Author

N Compaire, L Margerin, M Monnereau, R F Garcia, L Lange, M Calvet, N L Dahmen, S C Stähler, N Mueller, M Grott, P Lognonné, T Spohn, W B Banerdt, Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Berlin] (DLR), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP (UMR_7154)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), ANR-19-CE31-0008,MAGIS,MArs Geophysical InSight(2019), Centre National d'Études Spatiales - CNES (FRANCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris - IPGP (FRANCE), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace - ISAE-SUPAERO (FRANCE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - IRD (FRANCE), Sorbonne Université (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), California Institute of Technology - Caltech (USA), Ecole Normale Supérieure de Paris - ENS Paris (FRANCE), Ecole Polytechnique (FRANCE), German Aerospace Center - DLR (GERMANY), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers - INSU (FRANCE), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich - ETHZ (SWITZERLAND), Université Paris Sciences & Lettres - PSL (FRANCE), and Ecole des Ponts ParisTech (FRANCE)

Subjects
Geophysics, Autre, Seismic noise, Geochemistry and Petrology, Coda waves, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], seasonality, Seismic interferometry, Planetary interiors, Seismic interferometry – Seismic noise – Coda waves – Planetary interiors, Seismology
Abstract

SUMMARY The SEIS (Seismic Experiment for Interior Structure) seismometer deployed at the surface of Mars in the framework of the NASA-InSight (Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat Transport) mission has been continuously recording the ground motion at Elysium Planitia for more than one martian year. In this work, we investigate the seasonal variation of the near-surface properties using both background vibrations and a particular class of high-frequency seismic events. We present measurements of relative velocity changes over one martian year and show that they can be modelled by a thermoelastic response of the Martian regolith. Several families of high-frequency seismic multiplets have been observed at various periods of the martian year. These events exhibit complex, repeatable waveforms with an emergent character and a coda that is likely composed of scattered waves. Taking advantage of these properties, we use coda wave interferometry (CWI) to measure relative traveltime changes as a function of the date of occurrence of the quakes. While in some families a stretching of the coda waveform is clearly observed, in other families we observe either no variation or a clear contraction of the waveform. These various behaviors correspond to different conditions of illumination at the InSight landing site, depending on the season. Measurements of velocity changes from the analysis of background vibrations above 5 Hz are consistent with the results from CWI. We identify a frequency band structure in the power spectral density (PSD) that can be tracked over hundreds of days. This band structure is the equivalent in the frequency domain of an autocorrelogram and can be efficiently used to measure relative traveltime changes as a function of frequency. We explain how the PSD analysis allows us to circumvent the contamination of the measurements by the Lander mode excitation which is inevitable in the time domain. The observed velocity changes can be adequately modelled by the thermoelastic response of the regolith to the time-dependent incident solar flux at the seasonal scale. In particular, the model captures the time delay between the surface temperature variations and the velocity changes in the subsurface. Our observations could serve as a basis for a joint inversion of the seismic and thermal properties in the first 20 m below InSight.

Published
2022

43. Hybrid Material for Radiation Protection in Lunar Environment

Author

Gourinat, Yves, Akisheva, Yulia, Cowley, Aidan, Boyer, Laure, Paillet, Alexis, Centre National d'Études Spatiales - CNES (FRANCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Ecole nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux - IMT Mines Albi (FRANCE), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Toulouse - INSA (FRANCE), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace - ISAE-SUPAERO (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), European Space Agency - ESA (THE NETHERLANDS), Institut Clément Ader (ICA), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), European Astronaut Centre - ESA/EAC (GERMANY), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya [Barcelona] (UPC), Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyeria Industrial de Barcelona [Barcelona] (ETSEIB), Institut de Médecine et de Physiologie Spatiales (MEDES), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers (CHU Angers), PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Université de Tours (UT)-Université de Clermont-Ferrand-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), and Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)

Subjects
Autre, Space radiations, Radiative protection, General Medicine, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, Space materials
Abstract

International audience; In the context of an overview of radiation as the prime showstopper of human deep space exploration and a regolith-based material as a candidate for protection, this synthetic paper presents an original possible technology for hybrid hybrid protectionwall. This concept takes advantage of different elements available on site in a planetary base, in particular in the lunar regolith.

Published
2022

44. Retrospective on the First Passive Brain-Computer Interface Competition on Cross-Session Workload Estimation

Author

Roy, Raphaëlle N., Hinss, Marcel F., Darmet, Ludovic, Ladouce, Simon, Jahanpour, Emilie S., Somon, Bertille, Xu, Xiaoqi, Drougard, Nicolas, Dehais, Frédéric, Lotte, Fabien, Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Université de Toulouse (UT), Popular interaction with 3d content (Potioc), Laboratoire Bordelais de Recherche en Informatique (LaBRI), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Bordeaux - Sud-Ouest, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), This work was funded by ANITI (Artificial and Natural Intelligence Toulouse Institute), Toulouse, France. FL was also supported by the European Research Council with project BrainConquest (grant ERC-2016-STG-714567)., European Project: 714567 ,H2020 Pilier ERC,BrainConquest(2017), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Ecole Nationale Supérieure d’Electronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux - ENSEIRB (FRANCE), Institut National de la Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique - INRIA (FRANCE), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace - ISAE-SUPAERO (FRANCE), Artificial and Natural Intelligence Toulouse Institute - ANITI (FRANCE), and Université de Bordeaux (FRANCE)

Subjects
passive brain-computer interface, estimation, Workload, Passive brain-computer interface, workload, [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI], Benchmarking, Autre, cross-session variability, [INFO.INFO-LG]Computer Science [cs]/Machine Learning [cs.LG], [INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, dataset, Cross-session variability, benchmarking, EEG, [INFO.INFO-HC]Computer Science [cs]/Human-Computer Interaction [cs.HC], Riemannian geometry, [INFO.INFO-BT]Computer Science [cs]/Biotechnology, Estimation, Dataset
Abstract

As is the case in several research domains, data sharing is still scarce in the field of Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI), and particularly in that of passive BCIs—i.e., systems that enable implicit interaction or task adaptation based on a user's mental state(s) estimated from brain measures. Moreover, research in this field is currently hindered by a major challenge, which is tackling brain signal variability such as cross-session variability. Hence, with a view to develop good research practices in this field and to enable the whole community to join forces in working on cross-session estimation, we created the first passive brain-computer interface competition on cross-session workload estimation. This competition was part of the 3rd International Neuroergonomics conference. The data were electroencephalographic recordings acquired from 15 volunteers (6 females; average 25 y.o.) who performed 3 sessions—separated by 7 days—of the Multi-Attribute Task Battery-II (MATB-II) with 3 levels of difficulty per session (pseudo-randomized order). The data -training and testing sets—were made publicly available on Zenodo along with Matlab and Python toy code (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5055046). To this day, the database was downloaded more than 900 times (unique downloads of all version on the 10th of December 2021: 911). Eleven teams from 3 continents (31 participants) submitted their work. The best achieving processing pipelines included a Riemannian geometry-based method. Although better than the adjusted chance level (38% with an α at 0.05 for a 3-class classification problem), the results still remained under 60% of accuracy. These results clearly underline the real challenge that is cross-session estimation. Moreover, they confirmed once more the robustness and effectiveness of Riemannian methods for BCI. On the contrary, chance level results were obtained by one third of the methods—4 teams- based on Deep Learning. These methods have not demonstrated superior results in this contest compared to traditional methods, which may be due to severe overfitting. Yet this competition is the first step toward a joint effort to tackle BCI variability and to promote good research practices including reproducibility.

Published
2022

45. Modelling load transfer in single-lap adhesively bonded and hybrid (bolted / bonded) joints

Author

Eric Paroissien, Frédéric Lachaud, Sébastien Schwartz, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Ecole nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux - IMT Mines Albi (FRANCE), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Toulouse - INSA (FRANCE), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace - ISAE-SUPAERO (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Institut Clément Ader (ICA), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), and Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)

Subjects
Mécanique des structures, Single-lap joint, Macro-element modelling, Mechanics of Materials, [SPI.MECA.STRU]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Structural mechanics [physics.class-ph], Adhesively bonded joint, Hybrid (bolted / bonded) joints, Closed-form solutions, Mechanical Engineering, Load transfer, Cohesive zone modelling, Semi-analytical resolution, Aerospace Engineering
Abstract

International audience; An aerospace structure is built from the assembly of structural sub-components involving joining technologies such as welding, mechanical fastening or adhesive bonding.The function of joints is to ensure load transfer between the structural sub-components. The integrity of the structure directly depends on strength of these joints. In order to design these critical structural areas, load transfer between structural sub-components must be assessed. The objective of this review paper is to present approaches for the simplified modelling and associated resolution schemes of single-lap adhesively bonded and hybrid (bolted/bonded) joints to predict load transfer. We show that the scope of available closed-form solutions is restricted, such that the use of semi-analytical schemes is suitable. Macro-element modelling is then presented. This technique allows the assessment of load transfer and associated stresses, especially in the adhesive layer regarded as a cohesive zone, while enabling the enrichment of the model, making it more representative of the physical reality.

Published
2022

46. Basic constraints for design optimization of cubic and bistable NES

Author

Wu, Zhenhang, Seguy, Sébastien, Paredes, Manuel, Institut Clément Ader (ICA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)

Subjects
Bistable, Nonlinear energy sink, [SPI.MECA.VIBR]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Vibrations [physics.class-ph]
Abstract

International audience; This work mainly concentrates on the optimization of cubic and bistable NES to find the maximum efficiency point under harmonic excitation. The conservative system is considered to reveal the inner property of the damping system. With the application of the multiple scales method and the complex variables method, the threshold of excitation and different response regimes are distinguished under the assumption of 1:1 resonance. The maximum efficiency point of cubic and bistable NES occurs when SMR disappears. The factors that affect the optimal efficiency limit are explored. The result indicates that the maximum absorption efficiency level is mainly determined by the damping parameters. Compared with the cubic case, the bistable case involves more complex regimes in terms of chaos oscillation. The influence of damping parameters on the chaos threshold is discussed to adopt different energy levels. With the help of analytical predictions, the proper nonlinear stiffness is determined for certain harmonic excitation. This work offers some fundamental insights into the optimal design of cubic and bistable NES.

Published
2022

47. Disciplinary Proper Orthogonal Decomposition and Interpolation for the resolution of parametrized Multidisciplinary Analysis

Author

Berthelin, G, Dubreuil, S, Salaün, M, Bartoli, N, Gogu, C, Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), ONERA / DTIS, Université de Toulouse [Toulouse], ONERA-PRES Université de Toulouse, Institut Clément Ader (ICA), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), GREC, christine, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées

Subjects
surrogate models, POD+I, MDA solver, multi-query context, POD, Gaussian Process, [SPI.MECA.GEME] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Mechanical engineering [physics.class-ph], [SPI.MECA.GEME]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Mechanical engineering [physics.class-ph]
Abstract

International audience; This article proposes a new method for the resolution of parametrized multidisciplinary analysis (MDA) using disciplinary surrogate models within a multi-query context. The main idea is to replace the costly disciplinary solvers of the MDA by Proper Orthogonal Decomposition and Interpolation models. The main challenge we address is the high dimensional coupling variables whose ranges are unknown. To overcome this issue, a training strategy is developed by uncoupling the disciplinary solvers from the MDA context. This new surrogate MDA called Disciplinary Proper Orthogonal Decomposition and Interpolation (DPOD+I) is iteratively enriched to solve the analysis with an estimation of the error made by the surrogate model. The disciplinary surrogate model which has the most influence on this error is determined by a sensitivity analysis and thus enriched. This approach allows to uncouple the disciplinary solvers during the training and enrichment phases. The approach is applied to various aeroelastic problems of an aircraft wing and allows to reduce by a factor 5 the mean number of disciplinary solver calls needed for the resolution of the MDA.

Published
2022

48. Velocity Decomposition Method for Exergy-Based Drag Prediction

Author

Sébastien Duplaa, Xavier Carbonneau, Andrew Turnbull, Miguel Angel Aguirre, Safran Tech, Département Aérodynamique Energétique et Propulsion (DAEP), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace - ISAE-SUPAERO (FRANCE), and SAFRAN (FRANCE)

Subjects
Exergy, Lift-to-drag ratio, 020301 aerospace & aeronautics, Drag coefficient, business.industry, Mécanique des fluides, Aerospace Engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Aerodynamics, Mechanics, Computational fluid dynamics, 01 natural sciences, [SPI.MECA.MEFL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Fluids mechanics [physics.class-ph], 010305 fluids & plasmas, 0203 mechanical engineering, 13. Climate action, Drag, 0103 physical sciences, Wingtip vortices, business, Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations, Mathematics
Abstract

International audience; The exergy method is a powerful tool for aerodynamic analysis and drag prediction. However, its formulation still requires further improvements in order to obtain a useful drag breakdown for the analysis of wind tunnel data (like the far-field methods). The far-field drag breakdown is achieved by using a velocity decomposition technique but the related formulation is not well suited for the exergy method. Thus, the main objective of this work is to develop a new velocity decomposition suited for the exergy analysis and to propose a related exergy-based drag breakdown formulation for wind tunnel applications.

Published
2020

49. An efficient reliability-based design optimization study for PCM-based heat-sink used for cooling electronic devices

Author

Ahmed Yaich, Lassaad Walha, Bessem Debich, Abdelkhalak El Hami, Mohamed Haddar, Wajih Gafsi, Laboratoire de Mécanique de Normandie (LMN), Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU), Laboratoire de recherche de Mécanique, Modélisation et Production (LA2MP), Université de Sfax - University of Sfax-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax | National School of Engineers of Sfax (ENIS), Institut Clément Ader (ICA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)

Subjects
Emerging technologies, Computer science, General Mathematics, 02 engineering and technology, Thermal management of electronic devices and systems, Heat sink, 7. Clean energy, 0203 mechanical engineering, General Materials Science, Electronics, Process engineering, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Civil and Structural Engineering, business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, Mechatronics, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Phase-change material, [SPI.MECA.GEME]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Mechanical engineering [physics.class-ph], 020303 mechanical engineering & transports, Mechanics of Materials, Heat transfer, [SPI.MECA.THER]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Thermics [physics.class-ph], 0210 nano-technology, business, Reliability based design
Abstract

Nowadays, development of new technologies requires efficient mechatronic components which needs more sophisticated cooling systems. Furthermore, phase change material (PCM) based heat sinks present...

Published
2020

50. A new method for choosing between ball-end cutter and toroidal cutter when machining free-form surfaces

Author

Mahfoud Herraz, Jean-Max Redonnet, Marcel Mongeau, Mohammed Sbihi, Institut Clément Ader (ICA), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Ecole Nationale de l'Aviation Civile (ENAC), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi)

Subjects
0209 industrial biotechnology, business.product_category, principal component analysis, Computer science, [PHYS.MECA.GEME]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Mechanical engineering [physics.class-ph], Mechanical engineering, ComputerApplications_COMPUTERSINOTHERSYSTEMS, 02 engineering and technology, free-form surface, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], 020901 industrial engineering & automation, Machining, ComputingMethodologies_COMPUTERGRAPHICS, end milling, Toroid, Mechanical Engineering, End milling, Stamping, Computer Science Applications, ball-end cutter, Machined surface, Control and Systems Engineering, toroidal cutter, Ball (bearing), Die (manufacturing), Free form, business, Software
Abstract

International audience; End-milling of free-form surfaces on multi-axis CNC machines are complex and expensive operations involved in the production of many high-value parts, molds and stamping dies. For such operations, the choice of the cutter type to use is very important given the considerable impact of this choice on the quality of the machined surface and the duration of the operation. In this paper, a new method for choosing between ball-end cutter and toroidal cutter is provided. This procedure gives a good hint on the best tool to employ with no need to carry out any machining simulation.

Published
2020

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