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1. Extratropical Low‐Frequency Variability With ENSO Forcing: A Reduced‐Order Coupled Model Study

Author: Stéphane Vannitsem, Jonathan Demaeyer, Michael Ghil, Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] - Royal Meteorological Institute (IRM), Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] (IRM), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)
Subjects: Physical geography, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, ENSO forcing, Ensemble averaging, Chaotic, ocean‐atmosphere interaction, FOS: Physical sciences, GC1-1581, Forcing (mathematics), Pullback attractor, Lyapunov exponent, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Stability (probability), symbols.namesake, 0103 physical sciences, Extratropical cyclone, Environmental Chemistry, 010306 general physics, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, reduced‐order models, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Physics, midlatitude dynamics, Global and Planetary Change, Oscillation, Lyapunov exponents, Nonlinear Sciences - Chaotic Dynamics, GB3-5030, Physics - Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, pullback attractors, 13. Climate action, Climatology, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph), symbols, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
Abstract: The impact of the El Ni\~no-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on the extratropics is investigated in an idealized, reduced-order model that has a tropical and an extratropical module. Unidirectional ENSO forcing is used to mimick the atmospheric bridge between the tropics and the extratropics. The variability of the coupled ocean-atmosphere extratropical module is then investigated through the analysis of its pullback attractors (PBAs). This analysis focuses on two types of ENSO forcing generated by the tropical module, one periodic and the other aperiodic. For a substantial range of the ENSO forcing, two chaotic PBAs are found to coexist for the same set of parameter values. Different types of extratropical low-frequency variability are associated with either PBA over the parameter ranges explored. For periodic ENSO forcing, the coexisting PBAs exhibit only weak nonlinear instability. For chaotic forcing, though, they are quite unstable and certain extratropical perturbations induce transitions between the two PBAs. These distinct stability properties may have profound consequences for extratropical climate predictions: in particular, ensemble averaging may no longer help isolate the low-frequency variability signal., Comment: 35 pages, 17 figures, manuscript submitted to JAMES
Published: 2021

2. Trends in spectrally resolved OLR from 10 years of IASI measurements

Author: Pierre Coheur, Marie Bouillon, Simon Whitburn, Andy Delcloo, Sarah Safieddine, Lieven Clarisse, Steven Dewitte, Cathy Clerbaux, Maya George, Cardon, Catherine, Spectroscopy, Quantum Chemistry and Atmospheric Remote Sensing (SQUARES), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] (IRM), TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), and Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], [SDU.STU.CL] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, 13. Climate action, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph]
Abstract: The Earth's Outgoing Longwave Radiation (OLR) is a key component in the study of climate. As part of the Earth's radiation budget, it reflects how the Earth-atmosphere system compensates the incoming solar radiation at the top of the atmosphere. At equilibrium, the two quantities compensate each other on average. Any variation of the climate drivers (e.g. greenhouse gases) causes an energy imbalance which leads to a climate response (e.g. surface temperature increase), with the effect of bringing the radiation budget back to equilibrium. Considerable improvements in our understanding of the Earth-atmosphere system and of its long-term changes have been achieved in the last four decades through the exploitation of measurements from dedicated broadband instruments. However, such instruments only provide spectrally integrated OLR over a broad spectral range and are therefore not well suited for tracking separately the impact of the different parameters affecting the OLR.Better constraints can, in principle, be obtained from spectrally resolved OLR (i.e. the integrand of broadband OLR, in units of W m-2 cm-1) derived from infrared hyperspectral sounders. Recently, a dedicated algorithm was developed to derive clear-sky spectrally resolved OLR from the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) at the 0.25 cm-1 native spectral sampling of the L1C spectra (Whitburn et al. 2020). Here, we analyze the changes in 10 years (2008-2017) of the IASI-derived OLR and we relate them to known changes in greenhouse gases concentrations (CO2, CH4, H2O, …) and climate phenomena activity such as El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO).Whitburn, S., Clarisse, L., Bauduin, S., George, M., Hurtmans, D., Safieddine, S., Coheur, P. F., and Clerbaux, C. (2020). Spectrally Resolved Fuxes from IASI Data: Retrieval algorithm for Clear-Sky Measurements. Journal of Climate. doi: 10.1175/jcli-d-19-0523.1
Published: 2021

3. COVID‐19 Crisis Reduces Free Tropospheric Ozone Across the Northern Hemisphere

Author: Marc Allaart, Susan E. Strahan, Ryan M. Stauffer, Richard Querel, Anne M. Thompson, Nicholas B. Jones, Clare Paton-Walsh, Patrick Cullis, Tatsumi Nakano, Bryan J. Johnson, Gérard Ancellet, Thomas Blumenstock, Ankie Piters, Holger Deckelmann, Omaira García, Matthias Palm, Roeland Van Malderen, Kai-Lan Chang, Nis Jepsen, Antje Inness, M.B. Tully, Ralf Sussmann, Amelie N. Röhling, Gonzague Romanens, Dagmar Kubistin, Ana Diaz Rodriguez, Fernando Chouza, René Stübi, Owen R. Cooper, Emmanuel Mahieu, Kimberly Strong, Christian Plass-Dülmer, Jonathan Davies, Richard Engelen, Peter Oelsner, David W. Tarasick, Peter von der Gathen, Jose-Luis Hernandez, Michael Gill, Justus Notholt, Thierry Leblanc, Christian Servais, Irina Petropavlovskikh, Matthias Schneider, Norrie Lyall, Rigel Kivi, Carlos Torres, Shoma Yamanouchi, Sophie Godin-Beekmann, Bogumil Kois, James W. Hannigan, Wolfgang Steinbrecht, Andy Delcloo, Deutscher Wetterdienst [Offenbach] (DWD), Environment and Climate Change Canada, Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Danish Meteorological Institute (DMI), Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Met Office Lerwick, Universität Bremen, Institute of Meteorology and Water Management - National Research Institute (IMGW - PIB), Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), Irish Meteorological Service (MET ÉIREANN), Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] (IRM), Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung - Atmosphärische Umweltforschung (IMK-IFU), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Institut d'Astrophysique et de Géophysique [Liège], Université de Liège, Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), STRATO - LATMOS, University of Toronto, ESRL Global Monitoring Laboratory [Boulder] (GML), NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado [Boulder]-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR), Agencia Estatal de Meteorología (AEMet), Meteorological Research Institute [Tsukuba] (MRI), Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung - Atmosphärische Spurengase und Fernerkundung (IMK-ASF), Australian Bureau of Meteorology [Melbourne] (BoM), Australian Government, University of Wollongong [Australia], National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research [Lauder] (NIWA), GSFC Earth Sciences Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Earth Science System Interdisciplinary Center [College Park] (ESSIC), College of Computer, Mathematical, and Natural Sciences [College Park], University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System-University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory (CSL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), University of Wollongong, GFSC Earth Sciences Division, Kubistin, Dagmar, 1 Deutscher Wetterdienst Hohenpeißenberg Germany, Plass‐Dülmer, Christian, Davies, Jonathan, 2 Environment and Climate Change Canada Toronto ONT Canada, Tarasick, David W., Gathen, Peter von der, 3 Alfred Wegener Institut Helmholtz‐Zentrum für Polar‐ und Meeresforschung Potsdam Germany, Deckelmann, Holger, Jepsen, Nis, 4 Danish Meteorological Institute Copenhagen Denmark, Kivi, Rigel, 5 Finnish Meteorological Institute Sodankylä Finland, Lyall, Norrie, 6 British Meteorological Service Lerwick UK, Palm, Matthias, 7 University of Bremen Bremen Germany, Notholt, Justus, Kois, Bogumil, 8 Institute of Meteorology and Water Management Legionowo Poland, Oelsner, Peter, 9 Deutscher Wetterdienst Lindenberg Germany, Allaart, Marc, 10 Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute DeBilt The Netherlands, Piters, Ankie, Gill, Michael, 11 Met Éireann (Irish Met. Service) Valentia Ireland, Van Malderen, Roeland, 12 Royal Meteorological Institute of Belgium Uccle Belgium, Delcloo, Andy W., Sussmann, Ralf, 13 Karlsruhe Institute of Technology IMK‐IFU Garmisch‐Partenkirchen Germany, Mahieu, Emmanuel, 14 Institute of Astrophysics and Geophysics University of Liège Liège Belgium, Servais, Christian, Romanens, Gonzague, 15 Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss Payerne Switzerland, Stübi, Rene, Ancellet, Gerard, 16 LATMOS Sorbonne Université‐UVSQ‐CNRS/INSU Paris France, Godin‐Beekmann, Sophie, Yamanouchi, Shoma, 17 University of Toronto Toronto ONT Canada, Strong, Kimberly, Johnson, Bryan, 18 NOAA ESRL Global Monitoring Laboratory Boulder CO USA, Cullis, Patrick, Petropavlovskikh, Irina, Hannigan, James W., 20 National Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder CO USA, Hernandez, Jose‐Luis, 21 State Meteorological Agency (AEMET) Madrid Spain, Diaz Rodriguez, Ana, Nakano, Tatsumi, 22 Meteorological Research Institute Tsukuba Japan, Chouza, Fernando, 23 Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Table Mountain Facility Wrightwood CA USA, Leblanc, Thierry, Torres, Carlos, 24 Izaña Atmospheric Research Center AEMET Tenerife Spain, Garcia, Omaira, Röhling, Amelie N., 25 Karlsruhe Institute of Technology IMK‐ASF Karlsruhe Germany, Schneider, Matthias, Blumenstock, Thomas, Tully, Matt, 26 Bureau of Meteorology Melbourne Australia, Paton‐Walsh, Clare, 27 Centre for Atmospheric Chemistry University of Wollongong Wollongong Australia, Jones, Nicholas, Querel, Richard, 28 National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Lauder New Zealand, Strahan, Susan, 29 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Earth Sciences Division Greenbelt MD USA, Stauffer, Ryan M., Thompson, Anne M., Inness, Antje, 32 European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts Reading UK, Engelen, Richard, Chang, Kai‐Lan, 19 Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES) University of Colorado Boulder CO USA, and Cooper, Owen R.
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Pollution: Urban, Regional and Global, Atmospheric Composition and Structure, Biogeosciences, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Atmospheric sciences, [SDV.MHEP.PSR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pulmonology and respiratory tract, 01 natural sciences, Biogeochemical Kinetics and Reaction Modeling, LIDAR, Troposphere, Oceanography: Biological and Chemical, chemistry.chemical_compound, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Emission reductions, ddc:550, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION, Marine Pollution, RECORD, NOX, 551.51, Biogeochemistry, Ozone depletion, Oceanography: General, Pollution: Urban and Regional, Geophysics, Free troposphere, Emissions, Troposphere: Composition and Chemistry, The COVID‐19 pandemic: linking health, society and environment, Cryosphere, Biogeochemical Cycles, Processes, and Modeling, Ozone, Megacities and Urban Environment, URBAN, Atmosphere, Paleoceanography, Altitude, COVID‐19, Research Letter, Global Change, Tropospheric ozone, Stratosphere, Urban Systems, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Aerosols, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], emissions, Northern Hemisphere, COVID-19, PROFILES, Aerosols and Particles, TRENDS, Earth sciences, ozone, Physics and Astronomy, troposphere, chemistry, 13. Climate action, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science, Natural Hazards
Abstract: Throughout spring and summer 2020, ozone stations in the northern extratropics recorded unusually low ozone in the free troposphere. From April to August, and from 1 to 8 kilometers altitude, ozone was on average 7% (≈4 nmol/mol) below the 2000–2020 climatological mean. Such low ozone, over several months, and at so many stations, has not been observed in any previous year since at least 2000. Atmospheric composition analyses from the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service and simulations from the NASA GMI model indicate that the large 2020 springtime ozone depletion in the Arctic stratosphere contributed less than one‐quarter of the observed tropospheric anomaly. The observed anomaly is consistent with recent chemistry‐climate model simulations, which assume emissions reductions similar to those caused by the COVID‐19 crisis. COVID‐19 related emissions reductions appear to be the major cause for the observed reduced free tropospheric ozone in 2020., Plain Language Summary: Worldwide actions to contain the COVID‐19 virus have closed factories, grounded airplanes, and have generally reduced travel and transportation. Less fuel was burnt, and less exhaust was emitted into the atmosphere. Due to these measures, the concentration of nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) decreased in the atmosphere. These substances are important for photochemical production and destruction of ozone in the atmosphere. In clean or mildly polluted air, reducing nitrogen oxides and/or VOCs will reduce the photochemical production of ozone and result in less ozone. In heavily polluted air, in contrast, reducing nitrogen oxides can increase ozone concentrations, because less nitrogen oxide is available to destroy ozone. In this study, we use data from three types of ozone instruments, but mostly from ozonesondes on weather balloons. The sondes fly from the ground up to 30 kilometers altitude. In the first 8 km, we find significantly reduced ozone concentrations in the northern extratropics during spring and summer of 2020, less than in any other year since at least 2000. We suggest that reduced emissions due to the COVID‐19 crisis have lowered photochemical ozone production and have caused the observed ozone reductions in the troposphere., Key Points: In spring and summer 2020, stations in the northern extratropics report on average 7% (4 nmol/mol) less tropospheric ozone than normal Such low tropospheric ozone, over several months, and at so many sites, has not been observed in any previous year since at least 2000 Most of the reduction in tropospheric ozone in 2020 is likely due to emissions reductions related to the COVID‐19 pandemic, NASA | Earth Sciences Division (NASA Earth Science Division) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100014573, Gouvernement du Canada | Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000038, Australian Research Council, Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique ‐ FNRS (FNRS) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002661, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659, Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Energie (BMWi) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100006360
Published: 2021

4. Validation of the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) surface UV radiation product

Author: K. Lakkala, J. Kujanpää, C. Brogniez, N. Henriot, A. Arola, M. Aun, F. Auriol, A. F. Bais, G. Bernhard, V. De Bock, M. Catalfamo, C. Deroo, H. Diémoz, L. Egli, J.-B. Forestier, I. Fountoulakis, K. Garane, R. D. Garcia, J. Gröbner, S. Hassinen, A. Heikkilä, S. Henderson, G. Hülsen, B. Johnsen, N. Kalakoski, A. Karanikolas, T. Karppinen, K. Lamy, S. F. León-Luis, A. V. Lindfors, J.-M. Metzger, F. Minvielle, H. B. Muskatel, T. Portafaix, A. Redondas, R. Sanchez, A. M. Siani, T. Svendby, J. Tamminen, Space and Earth Observation Centre [Sodankylä], Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Laboratoire d’Optique Atmosphérique - UMR 8518 (LOA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Biospherical Instruments Inc., Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] - Royal Meteorological Institute (IRM), Aosta Valley Regional Environmental Protection Agency (ARPA), CNR Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (ISAC), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Physical-Meteorological Observatory/World Radiation Center, Laboratoire de l'Atmosphère et des Cyclones (LACy), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France, Atmospheric Optics Group of the University of Valladolid (GOA-UVA), Universidad de Valladolid [Valladolid] (UVa), Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency, Norwegian Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority, Izaña Atmospheric Research Center (IARC), Agencia Estatal de Meteorología (AEMet), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de La Réunion (OSU-Réunion), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR), Israel Meteorological Service, Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome] (UNIROMA), Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), The UV-Indien programme has been supported by the European Union through the PO INTERREG V, by the Reunion Island Council and by the French Government. The OPAR station (Observatoire de Physique de l’Atmosphèrede La Réunion) and the OSUR activities are funded by the Université de LaRéunion and CNRS. Measurements of French spectroradiometers are supported by CNES (within the French programme TOSCA), the Région Hauts-de-France and the Ministère de l’Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche (CPER Climibio), and the European Fund for Regional Economic Development. GUV measurements at Blindern, Ny-Ålesund and Andøya are funded by the Norwegian Environment Agency. Kaisa Lakkala is supported by the CHAMPS project (grant no. 329225) of the Academy of Finland under the CLIHE programme., Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] (IRM), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France, and Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome]
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Brewer spectrophotometers, QUALITY-ASSURANCE, Irradiance, GROUND-BASED MEASUREMENTS, SOLAR ULTRAVIOLET IRRADIANCE, TOTAL OZONE, SATELLITE ESTIMATION, SPECTRAL IRRADIANCE, THESSALONIKI, TRACEABILITY, SODANKYLA, COLUMN, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, UV radiation, Latitude, 010309 optics, Troposphere, Atmosphere, 0103 physical sciences, Nadir, Ozone column, lcsh:TA170-171, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, lcsh:TA715-787, lcsh:Earthwork. Foundations, Albedo, Snow, lcsh:Environmental engineering, 13. Climate action, Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument, Satellite
Abstract: The TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) onboard the Sentinel-5 Precursor (S5P) satellite was launched on 13 October 2017 to provide the atmospheric composition for atmosphere and climate research. The S5P is a Sun-synchronous polar-orbiting satellite providing global daily coverage. The TROPOMI swath is 2600 km wide, and the ground resolution for most data products is 7.2×3.5 km2 (5.6×3.5 km2 since 6 August 2019) at nadir. The Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI) is responsible for the development of the TROPOMI UV algorithm and the processing of the TROPOMI surface ultraviolet (UV) radiation product which includes 36 UV parameters in total. Ground-based data from 25 sites located in arctic, subarctic, temperate, equatorial and Antarctic areas were used for validation of the TROPOMI overpass irradiance at 305, 310, 324 and 380 nm, overpass erythemally weighted dose rate/UV index, and erythemally weighted daily dose for the period from 1 January 2018 to 31 August 2019. The validation results showed that for most sites 60 %–80 % of TROPOMI data was within ±20 % of ground-based data for snow-free surface conditions. The median relative differences to ground-based measurements of TROPOMI snow-free surface daily doses were within ±10 % and ±5 % at two-thirds and at half of the sites, respectively. At several sites more than 90 % of cloud-free TROPOMI data was within ±20 % of ground-based measurements. Generally median relative differences between TROPOMI data and ground-based measurements were a little biased towards negative values (i.e. satellite data < ground-based measurement), but at high latitudes where non-homogeneous topography and albedo or snow conditions occurred, the negative bias was exceptionally high: from −30 % to −65 %. Positive biases of 10 %–15 % were also found for mountainous sites due to challenging topography. The TROPOMI surface UV radiation product includes quality flags to detect increased uncertainties in the data due to heterogeneous surface albedo and rough terrain, which can be used to filter the data retrieved under challenging conditions.
Published: 2020

5. Use of GNSS Tropospheric Products for Climate Monitoring (Working Group 3)

Author: Janusz Bogusz, Alberto Sá, S. Beirle, S. Nahmani, Zofia Baldysz, E. Pottiaux, Kyriakos Balidakis, D. Landskron, Rosa Pacione, José Antonio Guijarro, Marta Gruszczynska, R. Fernandes, M. Elias, Gunnar Elgered, B. Chimani, Olivier Bock, Tong Ning, C. Hackman, Grzegorz Nykiel, Katarzyna Stepniak, V. Mattioli, Wouter Dorigo, R. Van Malderen, E. Fionda, S. Zengin Kazancı, Robert Heinkelmann, Machiel Bos, Johannes Böhm, Andrzej Araszkiewicz, F. Ahmed, A. Ramos, Carla Barroso, H. Valentim, B. Mircheva, A. Xaver, M. Cadeddu, G. Stankunavicius, Jonathan Jones, Pedro Viterbo, J. P. Martins, Paul Rebischung, R. Nilsson, J. Berckmans, Mariusz Figurski, Harald Schuh, A. Parracho, Sophie Bastin, E. Brockmann, Anna Klos, Guergana Guerova, Jan Dousa, Pascal Willis, Institut National de l'Information Géographique et Forestière [IGN] (IGN), Centro di Geodesia Spaziale [Matera], Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI), Centre of Applied Geomatics [Warsaw], Military University of Technology, German Research Centre for Geosciences - Helmholtz-Centre Potsdam (GFZ), Instituto Português de Investigação do Mar e da Atmosfera (IPMA), SPACE - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie (MPIC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] (IRM), Department of Geodesy and Geoinformation [Wien], Vienna University of Technology (TU Wien), University of Beira Interior [Portugal] (UBI), Federal Office of Topography Swisstopo, Argonne National Laboratory [Lemont] (ANL), Institut für Meteorologie und Geophysik [Wien] (IMGW), Universität Wien, Geodetic Observatory Pecny (GOP), Research Institute of Geodesy, Cartography and Topography, Chalmers University of Technology [Göteborg], Fondazione Ugo Bordoni, Department of Meteorology and Geophysics [Sofia], Sofia University 'St. Kliment Ohridski', Agencia Estatal de Meteorología (AEMet), United States Naval Observatory (USNO), Met Office Hadley Centre for Climate Change (MOHC), United Kingdom Met Office [Exeter], Karadeniz Technical University (KTU), Centre of Excellence CETEMPS, Università degli Studi dell'Aquila (UNIVAQ), The Swedish Mapping, Cadastral and Land Registration Authority, Instituto Dom Luiz, Universidade de Lisboa (ULISBOA), Polytechnic Institute of Guarda (IPG), Vilnius University [Vilnius], Advanced Methods for Satellite Positioning Laboratory, University of Warmia and Mazury [Olsztyn], Jonathan Jones, Guergana Guerova, Jan Douša, Galina Dick, Siebren de Haan, Eric Pottiaux, Olivier Bock, Rosa Pacione, and Roeland van Malderen (eds)
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Meteorology, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Troposphere, 13. Climate action, GNSS applications, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, Very-long-baseline interferometry, Environmental science, Anomaly detection, Climate model, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; There has been growing interest in recent years in the use of homogeneously reprocessed ground-based GNSS, VLBI, and DORIS measurements for climate applications. Existing datasets are reviewed and the sensitivity of tropospheric estimates to the processing details is discussed. The uncertainty in the derived IWV estimates and linear trends is around 1 kg m−2 RMS and ± 0.3 kg m−2 per decade, respectively. Standardized methods for ZTD outlier detection and IWV conversion are proposed. The homogeneity of final time series is limited however by changes in the stations equipment and environment. Various homogenization algorithms have been evaluated based on a synthetic benchmark dataset. The uncertainty of trends estimated from the homogenized times series is estimated to ±0.5 kg m−2 per decade. Reprocessed GNSS IWV data are analysed along with satellites data, reanalyses and global and regional climate model simulations. A selection of global and regional reprocessed GNSS datasets and ERA-interim reanalysis are made available through the GOP-TropDB tropospheric database and online service. A new tropo SINEX format, providing new features and simplifications, was developed and it is going to be adopted by all the IAG services.
Published: 2020

6. Unconventional critical behavior of the magnetic refrigerant system Er 0.98 □ 0.02 Co 2 around its ferromagnetic-paramagnetic transition

Author: Saleh S. Hayek, Yousef Haik, R. Hamdi, K. Nouri, Lotfi Bessais, E. Dhahri, M. Smari, Anna Bajorek, Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] (IRM), Université de Sfax, Laboratoire de Physique Appliquée, August Chełkowski Institute of Physics [University of Silesia], University of Silesia in Katowice, Chimie métallurgique des terres rares (CMTR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service d'ophtalmologie, AP-HP Hôpital Bicêtre (Le Kremlin-Bicêtre), Laboratoire de Physique Appliquée, and Université de Sfax - University of Sfax
Subjects: [PHYS]Physics [physics], Phase transition, Materials science, Condensed matter physics, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Refrigerant, Paramagnetism, Ferromagnetism, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, Critical exponent, Mathematical Physics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2020

7. Quality assessment of the Ozone_cci Climate Research Data Package (release 2017) – Part 2: Ground-based validation of nadir ozone profile data products

Author: A. Keppens, J.-C. Lambert, J. Granville, D. Hubert, T. Verhoelst, S. Compernolle, B. Latter, B. Kerridge, R. Siddans, A. Boynard, J. Hadji-Lazaro, C. Clerbaux, C. Wespes, D. R. Hurtmans, P.-F. Coheur, J. C. A. van Peet, R. J. van der A, K. Garane, M. E. Koukouli, D. S. Balis, A. Delcloo, R. Kivi, R. Stübi, S. Godin-Beekmann, M. Van Roozendael, C. Zehner, Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique (BIRA-IASB), STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Spectroscopie de l'atmosphère, Service de Chimie Quantique et Photophysique, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), Laboratory of Atmospheric Physics [Thessaloniki], Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] (IRM), Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, STRATO - LATMOS, European Space Research Institute (ESRIN), and European Space Agency (ESA)
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], Atmospheric Science, TROPOSPHERIC OZONE, IASI, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, lcsh:TA715-787, ASSIMILATION, lcsh:Earthwork. Foundations, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:Environmental engineering, MODEL, 010309 optics, GOME-2, Physics and Astronomy, RADIATIVE-TRANSFER, RETRIEVALS, 13. Climate action, Earth and Environmental Sciences, 0103 physical sciences, BACKSCATTER ULTRAVIOLET, Sociologie politique, lcsh:TA170-171, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Atmospheric ozone plays a key role in air quality and the radiation budget of the Earth, both directly and through its chemical influence on other trace gases. Assessments of the atmospheric ozone distribution and associated climate change therefore demand accurate vertically resolved ozone observations with both stratospheric and tropospheric sensitivity, on both global and regional scales, and both in the long term and at shorter timescales. Such observations have been acquired by two series of European nadir-viewing ozone profilers, namely the scattered-light UV-visible spectrometers of the GOME family, launched regularly since 1995 (GOME, SCIAMACHY, OMI, GOME-2A/B, TROPOMI, and the upcoming Sentinel-5 series), and the thermal infrared emission sounders of the IASI type, launched regularly since 2006 (IASI on Metop platforms and the upcoming IASI-NG on Metop-SG). In particular, several Level-2 retrieved, Level-3 monthly gridded, and Level-4 assimilated nadir ozone profile data products have been improved and harmonized in the context of the ozone project of the European Space Agency's Climate Change Initiative (ESA Ozone-cci). To verify their fitness for purpose, these ozone datasets must undergo a comprehensive quality assessment (QA), including (a) detailed identification of their geographical, vertical, and temporal domains of validity; (b) quantification of their potential bias, noise, and drift and their dependences on major influence quantities; and (c) assessment of the mutual consistency of data from different sounders. For this purpose we have applied to the Ozone-cci Climate Research Data Package (CRDP) released in 2017 the versatile QA and validation system Multi-TASTE, which has been developed in the context of several heritage projects (ESA's Multi-TASTE, EUMETSAT's O3M-SAF, and the European Commission's FP6 GEOmon and FP7 QA4ECV). This work, as the second in a series of four Ozone-cci validation papers, reports for the first time on data content studies, information content studies and ground-based validation for both the GOME- and IASI-type climate data records combined. The ground-based reference measurements have been provided by the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC), NASA's Southern Hemisphere Additional Ozonesonde programme (SHADOZ), and other ozonesonde and lidar stations contributing to the World Meteorological Organisation's Global Atmosphere Watch (WMO GAW). The nadir ozone profile CRDP quality assessment reveals that all nadir ozone profile products under study fulfil the GCOS user requirements in terms of observation frequency and horizontal and vertical resolution. Yet all L2 observations also show sensitivity outliers in the UTLS and are strongly correlated vertically due to substantial averaging kernel fluctuations that extend far beyond the kernel's 15km FWHM. The CRDP typically does not comply with the GCOS user requirements in terms of total uncertainty and decadal drift, except for the UV-visible L4 dataset. The drift values of the L2 GOME and OMI, the L3 IASI, and the L4 assimilated products are found to be overall insignificant, however, and applying appropriate altitude-dependent bias and drift corrections make the data fit for climate and atmospheric composition monitoring and modelling purposes. Dependence of the Ozone-cci data quality on major influence quantities - resulting in data screening suggestions to users - and perspectives for the Copernicus Sentinel missions are additionally discussed., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Published: 2018

8. Pollution transported by hurricane Ophelia: a 3D study with satellite (IASI), aircraft (IAGOS), and ground-based observations, compared with CAMS atmospheric composition analyses

Author: Clerbaux, Cathy, George, Maya, Safieddine, Sarah, Clarisse, Lieven, Laffineur, Quentin, Fromm, Michael D., Parrington, Mark, TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Spectroscopie de l'atmosphère, Service de Chimie Quantique et Photophysique, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] (IRM), Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), and Cardon, Catherine
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2019

9. Ground-based Assessment of the First Year of Sentinel-5p Tropospheric Ozone Data

Author: Hubert, Daan, Keppen, Arno, Verhoelst, Tijl, Granville, José, Lambert, Jean-Christopher, Heue, Klaus-Peter, Pedergnana, Mattia, Loyola, Diego, Eichmann, Kai-Uwe, Weber, Mark, Apituley, Arnoud, Sneep, Maarten, Tuinder, Olaf, Veefkind, Pepijn, Thompson, Anne, Witte, Jacquelyn, Johnson, Bryan, Vömel, Holger, Selkirk, Henry, Piters, Ankie, Da Silva, Francisco, Mohamad, Maznorizan, Félix, Christian, Ancellet, Gérard, Delcloo, Andy, Duflot, Valentin, Godin-Beekmann, Sophie, Leblanc, Thierry, Steinbrecht, Wolfgang, Stübi, René, Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique (BIRA-IASB), DLR Institut für Methodik der Fernerkundung / DLR Remote Sensing Technology Institute (IMF), Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Oberpfaffenhofen-Wessling] (DLR), Institut für Umweltphysik [Bremen] (IUP), Universität Bremen, Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Science Systems and Applications, Inc. [Lanham] (SSAI), NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR), Universities Space Research Association (USRA), Laboratory of Environmental and Tropical Variables [Natal], Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), Malaysian Meteorological Department (MetMalaysia), Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation [Malaysia] (MOSTI), Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] (IRM), Laboratoire de l'Atmosphère et des Cyclones (LACy), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France, STRATO - LATMOS, Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH)-NASA, Meteorologisches Observatorium Hohenpeißenberg (MOHp), Deutscher Wetterdienst [Offenbach] (DWD), and Cardon, Catherine
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph]
Abstract: International audience; Tropospheric ozone is a pollutant that damages ecosystems and triggers human health problems. Ozone concentrations are highly variable over time and across the troposphere, which poses clear challenges to deepen our understanding of the processes involved in the production and transport of ozone. Further progress depends on the availability of instruments capable of measuring tropospheric ozone and its distribution at finer spatio-temporal scales. The TROPOMI instrument on the Sentinel-5p platform, launched into an early afternoon polar orbit in October 2017, combines a high spatial resolution, a large swath width and the spectral measurement characteristics required to deliver tropospheric ozone data records at unprecedented detail. The first of these products was released during Fall 2018. It consists in 0.5° (latitude) by 1° (longitude) resolved daily maps of 3-day moving mean values of the tropospheric ozone column between 20°S and 20°N, and it is computed using the convective-cloud method (CCD). A second data product consists in maps of tropical upper tropospheric ozone mixing ratio at a coarser spatial and temporal resolution. It is based on a cloud slicing algorithm (CSA), which is currently being fine-tuned for release in the very near future. A third data product, also under development at the time of this abstract, consists of the vertical profile of ozone concentration in the global troposphere and stratosphere, retrieved with the classical Optimal Estimation (OE) technique. We present here an assessment of the quality of the first year of the different tropospheric ozone column data sets retrieved from Sentinel-5p TROPOMI measurements, carried out within the context of ESA’s Sentinel-5p Mission Performance Center (MPC) and the S5PVT AO project CHEOPS-5p (Validation of Copernicus Height-resolved Ozone data Products from Sentinel-5p TROPOMI using global sonde and lidar networks, #28587). The first stage of this analysis consists of an inspection of the tropospheric ozone fields for structures which are potentially introduced in the measurement process. Sampling effects, in particular, are a possible source of uncertainty as the CCD product is derived from binned TROPOMI total ozone column data. Another structure introduced by retrieval assumptions would be the dependence of the quality of Sentinel-5p retrieved total column data to cloud parameters. In a second stage the satellite data are confronted to quality-assured ozonesonde and –tentatively– ground-based lidar measurements from the NDACC, SHADOZ and TOLNET networks. These well-characterized observational data records serve as a reference to evaluate the bias and uncertainty of the Sentinel-5p data, and their dependence on influence quantities. The study concludes with an assessment of the compliance of Sentinel-5p tropospheric ozone data with respect to mission and user requirements for key data applications.
Published: 2019

10. Attractor dimension of time-averaged climate observables: insights from a low-order ocean-atmosphere model

Author: Stéphane Vannitsem, Gabriele Messori, Davide Faranda, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), London Mathematical Laboratory, Extrèmes : Statistiques, Impacts et Régionalisation (ESTIMR), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] (IRM), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] - Royal Meteorological Institute (IRM)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Atmospheric circulation, attractor dimension, Atmospheric model, lcsh:QC851-999, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Atmosphere, time-averaging, lcsh:Oceanography, Attractor, Range (statistics), Statistical physics, lcsh:GC1-1581, Time series, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Observable, 13. Climate action, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Temporal resolution, [NLIN.NLIN-CD]Nonlinear Sciences [physics]/Chaotic Dynamics [nlin.CD], Environmental science, time-series analysis, lcsh:Meteorology. Climatology, atmosphere-ocean dynamics
Abstract: The ocean and atmosphere have very different characteristic timescales and display a rich range of interactions. Here, we investigate the sensitivity of the dynamical properties of the coupled atmosphere-ocean system when time-averaging of the trajectories of the original system is performed. We base our analysis on a conceptual model of the atmosphere-ocean dynamics which allows us to compute the attractor properties for different coupling coefficients and averaging periods. When the averaging period is increased, the attractor dimension initially shows a non-monotonic behaviour, but ultimately decreases for windows longer than 1 year. The analysis of daily, monthly and annual instrumental and reconstructed indices of oceanic and atmospheric circulation supports our results. This has important implications for the analysis and interpretation of long climate timeseries with a low temporal resolution, but also for the possible convergence of climate observables subjected to long time-averages towards attractors close to hyperbolicity.
Published: 2019

11. Structural, magnetic and AC susceptibility properties of Dy0.5(Sr1-xCax)0.5MnO3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.3) manganites

Author: E. Dhahri, K. Nouri, A. Tozri, Rafik Hamdi, M. Smari, Lotfi Bessais, Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] (IRM), Université de Sfax, Laboratoire de Physique Appliquée, Laboratoire de Physique Appliquée, Université de Sfax - University of Sfax, Chimie métallurgique des terres rares (CMTR), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [PHYS]Physics [physics], Spin glass, Field (physics), Spins, Condensed matter physics, 010405 organic chemistry, Atomic force microscopy, Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Magnetic susceptibility, 0104 chemical sciences, Analytical Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, Magnetization, Antiferromagnetism, Orthorhombic crystal system, Spectroscopy, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: Manganites with Dy0.5(Sr1-xCax)0.5MnO3 formula (x = 0; x = 0.05; x = 0.1; x = 0.2 and x = 0.3) were prepared via the well-known sol-gel method. They were indexed to the orthorhombic Pnma space group. Zero field cooled (ZFC) and field cooled (FC) magnetization measurements display antiferromagnetic (AFM) order among Mn spins at TN(Mn) which decreases from around 65 K (for x = 0) to about 35 K (for x = 0.3). Dy–spins order antiferromagnetically at very low temperature for samples with x > 0. Magnetization does not saturate up to field of 5 T. AC magnetic susceptibility was checked and investigated to show the absence of spin glasses in these systems.
Published: 2019

12. Pollution transported by hurricane Ophelia: 3D observations by ground-based, aircraft and satellite data compared with CAMS atmospheric composition analyses

Author: Clerbaux, Cathy, George, Maya, Clarisse, Lieven, Laffineur, Quentin, Fromm, Michael D., Parrington, Mark, TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Spectroscopie de l'atmosphère, Service de Chimie Quantique et Photophysique, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] (IRM), Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), and Cardon, Catherine
Subjects: [SDE] Environmental Sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDE]Environmental Sciences
Abstract: International audience; With the remnants of hurricane Ophelia reaching the British Isles, a rare pollution event crossed Europe in October 2017, with transport of dust from the Sahara and of thick smoke from disastrous wildfires in northern Portugal/Spain. On October 15-16, both dust and smoke were rapidly advected by Ophelia-energized strong southerly winds into the Bay of Biscay, north-western France and across the UK. Two unusual events were intersecting: a tropical storm and high intensity late-season fires. We now benefit from a range of observations above Europe allowing us to track the transport of such a pollution plume. We used an integrated observational approach for analysing this event in near-real-time, combining both observations and model analysis.Using near real time radiance observations from the IASI thermal infrared remote sensors onboard the two Metop satellites, focused maps of dust, carbon monoxide and ammonia (two proxies for fire plumes) could be derived. The European lidar/ceilometer network established the overpass time for both dust and the smoke plumes at different locations, along with altitude information. The IAGOS network on passenger aircraft also reported large peaks of CO during departures and landings, with a measured CO concentration matching well with the IASI observations.Finally, the smoke and dust particle-size distributions are compared with aerosol forecasts and analyses produced by the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) using the ECMWF IFS, constrained by MODIS and PMAp satellite observations of aerosol optical depth, to inform on the different aerosol sources.
Published: 2018

13. International challenge to model the long-range transport of radioxenon released from medical isotope production to six Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty monitoring stations

Author: S. Generoso, Rich Britton, Blake Orr, Alice M. Crawford, Fong Ngan, Pieter De Meutter, L. G. Glascoe, Tianfeng Chai, Olivier Saunier, A.V. Davies, Denis Quélo, Andy Delcloo, Anne Philipp, Anne Mathieu, Martin Kalinowski, T.W. Bowyer, Donald D. Lucas, Jonathan Baré, Christian Maurer, Jolanta Kusmierczyk-Michulec, Ole Ross, Matthew Simpson, Susan Leadbetter, Petra Seibert, Yuichi Kijima, Pascal Achim, Paul W. Eslinger, Phil Vogt, Michael Schoeppner, Alain Malo, Ariel F. Stein, A. Ringbom, Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe (BGR), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), NOAA Air Resources Laboratory (ARL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] - Royal Meteorological Institute (IRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] (IRM)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Meteorology, International Cooperation, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Time frame, Radiation Monitoring, Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty, Range (statistics), Environmental Chemistry, Production (economics), Waste Management and Disposal, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Comparability, Australia, Monitoring system, Ranging, General Medicine, Grid, Pollution, Air Pollutants, Radioactive, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, Xenon Radioisotopes
Abstract: International audience; After performing a first multi-model exercise in 2015 a comprehensive and technically more demanding atmospheric transport modelling challenge was organized in 2016. Release data were provided by the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization radiopharmaceutical facility in Sydney (Australia) for a one month period. Measured samples for the same time frame were gathered from six International Monitoring System stations in the Southern Hemisphere with distances to the source ranging between 680 (Melbourne) and about 17,000 km (Tristan da Cunha). Participants were prompted to work with unit emissions in pre-defined emission intervals (daily, half-daily, 3-hourly and hourly emission segment lengths) and in order to perform a blind test actual emission values were not provided to them. Despite the quite different settings of the two atmospheric transport modelling challenges there is common evidence that for long-range atmospheric transport using temporally highly resolved emissions and highly space-resolved meteorological input fields has no significant advantage compared to using lower resolved ones. As well an uncertainty of up to 20% in the daily stack emission data turns out to be acceptable for the purpose of a study like this. Model performance at individual stations is quite diverse depending largely on successfully capturing boundary layer processes. No single model-meteorology combination performs best for all stations. Moreover, the stations statistics do not depend on the distance between the source and the individual stations. Finally, it became more evident how future exercises need to be designed. Set-up parameters like the meteorological driver or the output grid resolution should be pre-scribed in order to enhance diversity as well as comparability among model runs.
Published: 2018

14. Corrigendum to 'Correlation between structural, magnetic and electric properties of La0.5Ca0.3Te0.2MnO3 sample synthesis by sol–gel method' [Chem. Phys. Lett. (2017) 72–78]

Author: M. Smari, Lotfi Bessais, K. Nouri, E. Dhahri, R. Hamdi, H. Felhi, Université de Sfax, Laboratoire de Physique Appliquée, Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] (IRM), Laboratoire de Physique Appliquée, Université de Sfax - University of Sfax, Chimie métallurgique des terres rares (CMTR), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [PHYS]Physics [physics], Materials science, Analytical chemistry, General Physics and Astronomy, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Sample (graphics), 0104 chemical sciences, Electric properties, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, 0210 nano-technology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Sol-gel
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2018

15. A high dynamic radiation measurement instrument: the Bolometric Oscillation Sensor (BOS)

Author: P. Zhu, M. van Ruymbeke, Ö. Karatekin, J.-P. Noël, G. Thuillier, S. Dewitte, A. Chevalier, C. Conscience, E. Janssen, M. Meftah, A. Irbah, Royal Observatory of Belgium [Brussels] (ROB), STRATO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] (IRM), and Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] - Royal Meteorological Institute (IRM)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Aperture, Infrared, Oceanography, Solar irradiance, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Temperature measurement, law.invention, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing, Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], Radiometer, business.industry, lcsh:QC801-809, Bolometer, Geology, [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], lcsh:Geophysics. Cosmic physics, Measuring principle, Physics::Space Physics, Satellite, business
Abstract: The Bolometric Oscillation Sensor (BOS) is a broadband radiation measurement instrument onboard the PICARD satellite that was active between 2010 and 2014. The main detector is a thermistor attached black coated surface, which was permanently exposed to space without any optical and aperture accessories. The temperature measurements are used within a transfer function to determine variations in incoming solar irradiance as well as the terrestrial radiation. In the present article, the measurement principle of the BOS and its transfer function are presented. The performance of the instrument is discussed based on laboratory experiments and space observations from the PICARD satellite. The comparison of the short-term variation of total solar irradiance (TSI) with absolute radiometers such as VIRGO/SOHO and TIM/SORCE over the same period of time suggests that the BOS is a relatively much simpler but very effective sensor for monitoring electromagnetic radiation variations from visible to infrared wavelengths.
Published: 2018

16. Establishment of IDF-curves for precipitation in the tropical area of Central Africa - comparison of techniques and results

Author: G. R. Demarée, B. Mohymont, D. N. Faka, Department of Meteorological Research and Development, Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] (IRM), and National Agency of Météorology and Télédétection by Satellite (METTELSAT)
Subjects: Return period, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Meteorology, 0207 environmental engineering, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:TD1-1066, Risk analysis (business), Natural hazard, Precipitation, lcsh:Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering, 020701 environmental engineering, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, lcsh:Environmental sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, lcsh:GE1-350, Estimation, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, lcsh:QE1-996.5, lcsh:Geography. Anthropology. Recreation, Tropics, Central africa, lcsh:Geology, lcsh:G, 13. Climate action, Climatology, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science
Abstract: International audience; The establishment of Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) curves for precipitation remains a powerful tool in the risk analysis of natural hazards. Indeed the IDF-curves allow for the estimation of the return period of an observed rainfall event or conversely of the rainfall amount corresponding to a given return period for different aggregation times. There is a high need for IDF-curves in the tropical region of Central Africa but unfortunately the adequate long-term data sets are frequently not available. The present paper assesses IDF-curves for precipitation for three stations in Central Africa. More physically based models for the IDF-curves are proposed. The methodology used here has been advanced by Koutsoyiannis et al. (1998) and an inter-station and inter-technique comparison is being carried out. The IDF-curves for tropical Central Africa are an interesting tool to be used in sewer system design to combat the frequently occurring inundations in semi-urbanized and urbanized areas of the Kinshasa megapolis.
Published: 2018

17. Quality assessment and ground-based validation of Metop-A and Metop-B nadir ozone profile products

Author: Keppens, Arno, Lambert, Jean-Christopher, Granville, José, Hubert, Daan, Verhoelst, Tijl, Compernolle, Steven, Latter, Barry, Kerridge, Brian, Siddans, Richard, Boynard, Anne, Hadji-Lazaro, Juliette, Clerbaux, Cathy, Wespes, Catherine, Hurtmans, Daniel R., Coheur, Pierre-François, Peet, Jacob C. A. van, A, Ronald J. van der, Garane, Katerina, Koukouli, Maria Elissavet, Balis, Dimitris S., Delcloo, Andy, Kivi, Rigel, Stübi, René, Godin-Beekmann, Sophie, Roozendael, Michel Van, Zehner, Claus, Cardon, Catherine, Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique (BIRA-IASB), STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Spectroscopie de l'atmosphère, Service de Chimie Quantique et Photophysique, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), Laboratory of Atmospheric Physics [Thessaloniki], Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] (IRM), Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, STRATO - LATMOS, European Space Research Institute (ESRIN), and European Space Agency (ESA)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2018

18. SCIENTIFIC CHALLENGES OF CONVECTIVE-SCALE NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION

Author: Jun-Ichi Yano, Michał Z. Ziemiański, Jeanette Onvlee, M. J. P. Cullen, Alberto Carrassi, Vaughan T. J. Phillips, Martin Kohler, Richard Davy, Silas Michaelides, Víctor Homar, Pedro M. M. Soares, Andrzej A. Wyszogrodzki, Lisa Bengtsson, Suzanne L. Gray, Piet Termonia, S. O. Krichak, Anna Deluca, Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), United Kingdom Met Office [Exeter], Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] - Royal Meteorological Institute (IRM), Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center [Bergen] (NERSC), University of Reading (UOR), European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), Centro de Computação Gráfica (CCG), Météo France-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] (IRM), Yano J.-I., Ziemianski M.Z., Cullen M., Termonia P., Onvlee J., Bengtsson L., Carrassi A., Davy R., Deluca A., Gray S.L., Homar V., Kohler M., Krichak S., Michaelides S., Phillips V.T.J., Soares P.M.M., and Wyszogrodzki A.A.
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Scale (ratio), Meteorology, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Convection, Numerical weather prediction, Numerical weather prediction, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Model output statistics, Data assimilation, Prognostic chart, 13. Climate action, Weather Research and Forecasting Model, Climatology, 0103 physical sciences, Convective storm detection, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Squall line, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Numerical weather prediction (NWP) models are increasing in resolution and becoming capable of explicitly representing individual convective storms. Is this increase in resolution leading to better forecasts? Unfortunately, we do not have sufficient theoretical understanding about this weather regime to make full use of these NWPs.\ud \ud After extensive efforts over the course of a decade, convective–scale weather forecasts with horizontal grid spacings of 1–5 km are now operational at national weather services around the world, accompanied by ensemble prediction systems (EPSs). However, though already operational, the capacity of forecasts for this scale is still to be fully exploited by overcoming the fundamental difficulty in prediction: the fully three–dimensional and turbulent nature of the atmosphere. The prediction of this scale is totally different from that of the synoptic scale (103 km) with slowly–evolving semi–geostrophic dynamics and relatively long predictability on the order of a few days.\ud \ud Even theoretically, very little is understood about the convective scale compared to our extensive knowledge of the synoptic-scale weather regime as a partial–differential equation system, as well as in terms of the fluid mechanics, predictability, uncertainties, and stochasticity. Furthermore, there is a requirement for a drastic modification of data assimilation methodologies, physics (e.g., microphysics), parameterizations, as well as the numerics for use at the convective scale. We need to focus on more fundamental theoretical issues: the Liouville principle and Bayesian probability for probabilistic forecasts; and more fundamental turbulence research to provide robust numerics for the full variety of turbulent flows.\ud \ud The present essay reviews those basic theoretical challenges as comprehensibly as possible. The breadth of the problems that we face is a challenge in itself: an attempt to reduce these into a single critical agenda should be avoided.
Published: 2018

19. Physics-dynamics coupling in weather, climate, and Earth system models: Challenges and recent progress

Author: Piet Termonia, Florian Lemarié, Nigel Wood, Christiane Jablonowski, Markus Gross, Martin Willett, Bob Beare, Hans Johansen, Colin M. Zarzycki, Hui Wan, Almut Gassmann, Ruby Leung, Sylvie Malardel, Koichi Sakaguchi, Philip J. Rasch, Peter M. Caldwell, Peter H. Lauritzen, David L. Williamson, Eric Blayo, M. J. P. Cullen, Daniel Klocke, Diana R. Thatcher, Departamento de Oceanografia Fisica CICESE [Mexico], Centro de Investigacion Cientifica y de Education Superior de Ensenada [Mexico] (CICESE), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR), Hans Ertel Zentrum für Wetterforschung [Offenbach], Deutscher Wetterdienst [Offenbach] (DWD), University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System, United Kingdom Met Office [Exeter], College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences [Exeter] (EMPS), University of Exeter, Mathematics and computing applied to oceanic and atmospheric flows (AIRSEA), Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Laboratoire Jean Kuntzmann (LJK ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] (IRM), Leibniz-Institut für Atmosphärenphysik (IAP), Universität Rostock-Leibniz Association, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] (LBNL), ANR-16-CE01-0007,COCOA,Méthodes mathématiquement et physiquement consistantes pour le couplage océan-atmosphère(2016), ANR-14-CE23-0010,HEAT,Modélisation atmosphérique hautement efficace(2014), and Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] - Royal Meteorological Institute (IRM)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, PDF-BASED MODEL, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, VARIABLE-RESOLUTION CESM, 0208 environmental biotechnology, Parameterization, physics.ao-ph, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Atmospheric Sciences, PLANETARY BOUNDARY-LAYER, GLOBAL-MODEL, Fluid dynamics, Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences, OCEAN MODEL, Model errors, Model evaluation, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Physics, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS, Applied Mathematics, Dynamics (mechanics), Model comparison, modeling, Mechanics, 020801 environmental engineering, Earth system science, Climate Action, PART I, Coupling (physics), SPECTRAL ELEMENT, 13. Climate action, Earth and Environmental Sciences, ORDER TURBULENCE CLOSURE, [MATH.MATH-NA]Mathematics [math]/Numerical Analysis [math.NA], performance, COMMUNITY ATMOSPHERE MODEL, Coupled models, Numerical analysis
Abstract: Numerical weather, climate, or Earth system models involve the coupling of components. At a broad level, these components can be classified as the resolved fluid dynamics, unresolved fluid dynamical aspects (i.e., those represented by physical parameterizations such as subgrid-scale mixing), and nonfluid dynamical aspects such as radiation and microphysical processes. Typically, each component is developed, at least initially, independently. Once development is mature, the components are coupled to deliver a model of the required complexity. The implementation of the coupling can have a significant impact on the model. As the error associated with each component decreases, the errors introduced by the coupling will eventually dominate. Hence, any improvement in one of the components is unlikely to improve the performance of the overall system. The challenges associated with combining the components to create a coherent model are here termed physics–dynamics coupling. The issue goes beyond the coupling between the parameterizations and the resolved fluid dynamics. This paper highlights recent progress and some of the current challenges. It focuses on three objectives: to illustrate the phenomenology of the coupling problem with references to examples in the literature, to show how the problem can be analyzed, and to create awareness of the issue across the disciplines and specializations. The topics addressed are different ways of advancing full models in time, approaches to understanding the role of the coupling and evaluation of approaches, coupling ocean and atmosphere models, thermodynamic compatibility between model components, and emerging issues such as those that arise as model resolutions increase and/or models use variable resolutions.
Published: 2018

20. On the Long-term Stability of Satellite and Ground-based Ozone Profile Records

Author: Hubert, Daan, Lambert, Jean-Christopher, Verhoelst, Tijl, Keppens, Arno, Granville, José, Bhartia, Pawan K., Bourassa, Adam E., Damadeo, Robert, Degenstein, Doug A., Froidevaux, Lucien, Godin-Beekmann, Sophie, Johnson, Bryan J., Kaempfer, Niklaus, Leblanc, Thierry, Lichtenberg, Günter, Murtagh, Donal P., Maillard Barras, Eliane, Nakane, Hideaki, Nedoluha, Gerald, Portafaix, Thierry, Querel, Richard, Raspollini, Piera, Russell, James-M., Salvador, J., Smit, Herman G. J., Sofieva, Viktoria, Stebel, Kerstin, Steinbrecht, Wolfgang, Stübi, René, Swart, Daan P. J., Tarasick, David W., Thompson, Anne M., van Malderen, Roeland, von Clarmann, Thomas, von Der Gathen, Peter, Walker, Kaley A., Weber, Mark, Witte, Jacquelyn C., Elian, Wolfram, Zawodny, Joseph M., Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique (BIRA-IASB), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Institute of Space and Atmospheric Studies [Saskatoon] (ISAS), Department of Physics and Engineering Physics [Saskatoon], University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon] (U of S)-University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon] (U of S), NASA Langley Research Center [Hampton] (LaRC), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), STRATO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research (OCCR), University of Bern, DLR Institut für Methodik der Fernerkundung / DLR Remote Sensing Technology Institute (IMF), Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Oberpfaffenhofen-Wessling] (DLR), Chalmers University of Technology [Göteborg], Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), Laboratoire de l'Atmosphère et des Cyclones (LACy), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research [Lauder] (NIWA), Istituto di Fisica Applicata 'Nello Carrara' (IFAC), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Center for Atmospheric Sciences [Hampton] (CAS), Hampton University, Centro de Investigaciones en Láseres y Aplicaciones [Buenos Aires] (CEILAP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET)-Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas para la Defensa (CITEDEF), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Meteorologisches Observatorium Hohenpeißenberg (MOHp), Deutscher Wetterdienst [Offenbach] (DWD), Payerne Aerological Station, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment [Bilthoven] (RIVM), Environment and Climate Change Canada, Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] - Royal Meteorological Institute (IRM), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), University of Toronto, University of Bremen, Science Systems and Applications, Inc. [Lanham] (SSAI), Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas para la Defensa (CITEDEF), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH)-NASA, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] (IRM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France, and Cardon, Catherine
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph]
Abstract: International audience; In recent years, many analyses of space- and ground-based data records reported signs or evidence of increasing ozone concentrations in the extrapolar upper stratosphere since the late 1990s. However, the magnitude and significance of the trend estimates vary from one study to another, prompting the ozone research community to further investigate the causes of these differences. A broader consensus has emerged in the past year, placing the positive trend in the upper stratosphere on solid ground and heralding the start of an observation-based exploration of the recovery of stratospheric ozone. More accurate trend estimates are needed to identify the geophysical processes contributing to the recovery and their relative importance. Uncovering seasonal and spatial trend patterns will be key in reaching this objective, not just in the extrapolar upper stratosphere but elsewhere as well.However, at the moment, it remains unclear whether current ozone profile observing systems are able to provide this information. We address this question with an exploration of the capabilities and limitations of current data records in space (limb/occultation sounders) and on the ground (NDACC/GAW/SHADOZ-affiliated sonde, stratospheric lidar and microwave radiometer sites) to infer decadal trends and their vertical, latitudinal and seasonal patterns. We focus on long-term stability, one of the key drivers of the ability to detect trends. We present updated results of a comprehensive analysis that allowed us to quantify the drift of satellite data relative to the ground-based networks (Hubert et al., 2016). In a companion analysis we exploited the satellite data to uncover temporal and spatial inhomogeneities in the ground-based time series, some of which were traced to known changes occurring at different moments across the network. These changes add to the challenge to derive unbiased ozone trends from ground-based observations and they impede our ability to constrain satellite drift to the level required for current and future ozone trend assessments. We conclude that ongoing efforts to homogenise the ground-based data records are essential.
Published: 2017

21. Past changes in the vertical distribution of ozone – Part 3: Analysis and interpretation of trends

Author: Jean-Christopher Lambert, J. D. Wild, M. De Mazière, Birgit Hassler, Adam Bourassa, Wolfgang Steinbrecht, Andy Delcloo, Neil R. P. Harris, Richard Querel, Alan Parrish, Corinne Vigouroux, Irina Petropavlovskikh, Erkki Kyrölä, Amanda C. Maycock, P. K. Bhartia, C. D. Boone, Johannes Staehelin, Nicholas B. Jones, M. J. Kurylo, Sophie Godin-Beekmann, Richard S. Stolarski, Stacey M. Frith, C. E. Sioris, Fiona Tummon, John Anderson, Greg Bodeker, H. J. Wang, B. Liley, D. A. Degenstein, Johanna Tamminen, Lucien Froidevaux, Karen H. Rosenlof, Chris Roth, Emmanuel Mahieu, Kaley A. Walker, Daan Hubert, Marko Laine, René Stübi, S T Leblanc, Joseph M. Zawodny, Sean M. Davis, Department of Chemistry [Cambridge, UK], University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado [Boulder]-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science [Zürich] (IAC), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Bodeker Scientific, Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique (BIRA-IASB), Meteorologisches Observatorium Hohenpeißenberg (MOHp), Deutscher Wetterdienst [Offenbach] (DWD), Hampton University, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Department of Chemistry [Waterloo], University of Waterloo [Waterloo], Institute of Space and Atmospheric Studies [Saskatoon] (ISAS), Department of Physics and Engineering Physics [Saskatoon], University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon] (U of S)-University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon] (U of S), Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] (IRM), Science Systems and Applications, Inc. [Lanham] (SSAI), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), STRATO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Chemistry [Wollongong], University of Wollongong [Australia], Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research [Lauder] (NIWA), Institut d'Astrophysique et de Géophysique [Liège], Université de Liège, Department of Astronomy [Amherst], University of Massachusetts [Amherst] (UMass Amherst), University of Massachusetts System (UMASS)-University of Massachusetts System (UMASS), Johns Hopkins University (JHU), Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, University of Toronto, Georgia Institute of Technology [Atlanta], NCEP Climate Prediction Center (CPC), NOAA National Weather Service (NWS), NASA Langley Research Center [Hampton] (LaRC), Harris, Neil [0000-0003-1256-3006], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, and Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] - Royal Meteorological Institute (IRM)
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], Atmospheric Science, Ozone, business.industry, Equivalent effective stratospheric chlorine, Distribution (economics), Pinatubo eruption, Atmospheric sciences, lcsh:QC1-999, lcsh:Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, lcsh:QD1-999, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Climatology, Ozone layer, Environmental science, business, Stratosphere, lcsh:Physics
Abstract: Trends in the vertical distribution of ozone are reported and compared for a number of new and recently revised data sets. The amount of ozone-depleting compounds in the stratosphere (as measured by equivalent effective stratospheric chlorine – EESC) was maximised in the second half of the 1990s. We examine the periods before and after the peak to see if any change in trend is discernible in the ozone record that might be attributable to a change in the EESC trend, though no attribution is attempted. Prior to 1998, trends in the upper stratosphere (~ 45 km, 4 hPa) are found to be −5 to −10 % per decade at mid-latitudes and closer to −5 % per decade in the tropics. No trends are found in the mid-stratosphere (28 km, 30 hPa). Negative trends are seen in the lower stratosphere at mid-latitudes in both hemispheres and in the deep tropics. However, it is hard to be categorical about the trends in the lower stratosphere for three reasons: (i) there are fewer measurements, (ii) the data quality is poorer, and (iii) the measurements in the 1990s are perturbed by aerosols from the Mt Pinatubo eruption in 1991. These findings are similar to those reported previously even though the measurements for the main satellite and ground-based records have been revised. There is no sign of a continued negative trend in the upper stratosphere since 1998: instead there is a hint of an average positive trend of ~ 2 % per decade in mid-latitudes and ~ 3 % per decade in the tropics. The significance of these upward trends is investigated using different assumptions of the independence of the trend estimates found from different data sets. The averaged upward trends are significant if the trends derived from various data sets are assumed to be independent (as in Pawson et al., 2014) but are generally not significant if the trends are not independent. This occurs because many of the underlying measurement records are used in more than one merged data set. At this point it is not possible to say which assumption is best. Including an estimate of the drift of the overall ozone observing system decreases the significance of the trends. The significance will become clearer as (i) more years are added to the observational record, (ii) further improvements are made to the historic ozone record (e.g. through algorithm development), and (iii) the data merging techniques are refined, particularly through a more rigorous treatment of uncertainties.
Published: 2015

22. Round-robin evaluation of nadir ozone profile retrievals: methodology and application to MetOp-A GOME-2

Author: A. Keppens, J.-C. Lambert, J. Granville, G. Miles, R. Siddans, J. C. A. van Peet, R. J. van der A, D. Hubert, T. Verhoelst, A. Delcloo, S. Godin-Beekmann, R. Kivi, R. Stübi, C. Zehner, Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique (BIRA-IASB), STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] (IRM), STRATO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, European Space Research Institute (ESRIN), European Space Agency (ESA), Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] - Royal Meteorological Institute (IRM), and Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA)
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Optimal estimation, Meteorology, lcsh:TA715-787, lcsh:Earthwork. Foundations, Reference data (financial markets), [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Climate change, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:Environmental engineering, 010309 optics, Data set, Lidar, 13. Climate action, 0103 physical sciences, Nadir, Environmental science, Satellite, lcsh:TA170-171, Smoothing, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing
Abstract: A methodology for the round-robin evaluation and the geophysical validation of ozone profile data retrieved from nadir UV backscatter satellite measurements is detailed and discussed, consisting of data set content studies, information content studies, co-location studies, and comparisons with reference measurements. Within the European Space Agency's Climate Change Initiative on ozone (Ozone_cci project), the proposed round-robin procedure is applied to two nadir ozone profile data sets retrieved at the Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI) and the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL, United Kingdom), using their respective OPERA v1.26 and RAL v2.1 optimal estimation algorithms, from MetOp-A GOME-2 (i.e. the second generation Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment on the first Meteorological Operational Satellite) measurements taken in 2008. The ground-based comparisons use ozonesonde and lidar profiles as reference data, acquired by the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC), Southern Hemisphere Additional Ozonesonde programme (SHADOZ), and other stations of the World Meteorological Organisation's Global Atmosphere Watch (WMO GAW). This direct illustration highlights practical issues that inevitably emerge from discrepancies in e.g. profile representation and vertical smoothing, for which different recipes are investigated and discussed. Several approaches for information content quantification, vertical resolution estimation, and reference profile resampling are compared and applied as well. The paper concludes with compliance estimates of the two GOME-2 ozone profile data sets with user requirements from the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) and from climate modellers.
Published: 2015

23. Validation of Copernicus Height-resolved Ozone data Products from Sentinel-5P TROPOMI using global sonde and lidar networks (CHEOPS-5P)

Author: Keppens, Arno, Lambert, Jean-Christopher, Hubert, Daan, Verhoelst, Tijl, Granville, José, Ancellet, Gérard, Balis, Dimitris, Delcloo, Andy, Duflot, Valentin, Godin-Beekmann, Sophie, Koukouli, Marilisa, Leblanc, Thierry, Stavrakou, Trissevgeni, Steinbrecht, Wolfgang, Stübi, René, Thompson, Anne, Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique (BIRA-IASB), TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratory of Atmospheric Physics [Thessaloniki], Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] - Royal Meteorological Institute (IRM), Équipe Troposphère, Spectroscopie de l'atmosphère, Service de Chimie Quantique et Photophysique, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), STRATO - LATMOS, Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Meteorologisches Observatorium Hohenpeißenberg (MOHp), Deutscher Wetterdienst [Offenbach] (DWD), Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] (IRM), and Cardon, Catherine
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph]
Abstract: International audience; Monitoring of and research on air quality, stratospheric ozone and climate change require global and long-term observation of the vertical distribution of atmospheric ozone, at ever-improving resolution and accuracy. Global tropospheric and stratospheric ozone profile measurement capabilities from space have therefore improved substantially over the last decades. Being a part of the space segment of the Copernicus Atmosphere and Climate Services that is currently under implementation, the upcoming Sentinel-5 Precursor (S5P) mission with its imaging spectrometer TROPOMI (Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument) is dedicated to the measurement of nadir atmospheric radiance and solar irradiance in the UV-VIS-NIR-SWIR spectral range. Ozone profile and tropospheric ozone column data will be retrieved from these measurements by use of several complementary retrieval methods. The geophysical validation of the enhanced height-resolved ozone data products, as well as support to the continuous evolution of the associated retrieval algorithms, is a key objective of the CHEOPS-5P project, a contributor to the ESA-led S5P Validation Team (S5PVT). This work describes the principles and implementation of the CHEOPS-5P quality assessment (QA) and validation system. The QA/validation methodology relies on the analysis of S5P retrieval diagnostics and on comparisons of S5P data with reference ozone profile measurements. The latter are collected from ozonesonde, stratospheric lidar and tropospheric lidar stations performing network operation in the context of WMO's Global Atmosphere Watch, including the NDACC global and SHADOZ tropical networks. After adaptation of the Multi-TASTE versatile satellite validation environment currently operational in the context of ESA's CCI, EUMETSAT O3M-SAF, and CEOS and SPARC initiatives, a list of S5P data Quality Indicators (QI) will be derived from complementary investigations: (1) data content and information content studies of the S5P data retrievals; (2) traceable preparation of the S5P data and correlative measurements in view of data comparisons (co-location studies, unit and representation conversions, handling of smoothing and sampling issues, independent estimate of tropopause altitude, (sub-)column integration...), with associated error propagation; (3) data comparisons leading to statistical estimates of the systematic bias and random difference between S5P and reference network data as a function of latitude, their cycles, their long-term evolution, and their dependences on influence quantities (e.g., clouds, solar zenith angle, and slant column density); (4) and finally the assessment of compliance with user requirements as formulated, e.g., by Copernicus Atmosphere and Climate services and by GCOS.
Published: 2017

24. Validation of 10-year SAO OMI Ozone Profile (PROFOZ) product using ozonesonde observations

Author: Tristan J. Hall, Bertrand Calpini, Bogumil Kois, Roeland Van Malderen, René Stübi, Marion Marchand, Marc Allaart, Masatomo Fujiwara, Thierry Leblanc, Anne M. Thompson, M.B. Tully, Richard Querel, Everette Joseph, Françoise Posny, Ghassan Taha, Kai Yang, Zhaonan Cai, Giovanni Laneve, Michael J. Newchurch, Manvendra K. Dubey, Gary A. Morris, Hugo De Backer, Rinus Scheele, Xiong Liu, Jacquelyn C. Witte, Kenneth R. Minschwaner, Nozomu Ohkawara, Ankie Piters, Kelly Chance, Shin-Ya Ogino, Margarita Yela, Ninong Komala, Emilio Cuevas-Agulló, H. B. Selkirk, Sophie Godin-Beekmann, Guanyu Huang, Manuel Cupeiro, Valérie Thouret, Holger Vömel, Russell C. Schnell, Gerrie Coetzee, Pawan K. Bhartia, Masato Shiotani, Gérard Ancellet, Otto Schrems, Bryan J. Johnson, Gert König-Langlo, Rigel Kivi, F. J. Schmidlin, Peter von der Gathen, P. Skrivankova, David W. Tarasick, Henry E. Fuelberg, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA), Harvard University [Cambridge]-Smithsonian Institution, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science [College Park] (AOSC), University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Payerne Aerological Station, Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, South African Weather Service (SAWS), Izaña Atmospheric Research Center (IARC), Agencia Estatal de Meteorología (AEMet), National Meteorological Service [Ushuaia], Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] (IRM), Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Science [Tallahassee] (FSU | EOAS), Florida State University [Tallahassee] (FSU), Faculty of Environmental Earth Science [Sapporo], Hokkaido University [Sapporo, Japan], STRATO - LATMOS, ESRL Global Monitoring Laboratory [Boulder] (GML), NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Atmospheric Sciences Research Center (ASRC), University at Albany [SUNY], State University of New York (SUNY)-State University of New York (SUNY), Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Institute of Meteorology and Water Management - National Research Institute (IMGW - PIB), Indonesian National Institute of Aeronautics and Space (LAPAN), Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Earth Observation Satellite Images Applications Laboratory (EOSIAL), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Department of Physics [Socorro], New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology [New Mexico Tech] (NMT), St. Edward's University, Department of Atmospheric Science [Huntsville], University of Alabama in Huntsville (UAH), Department of Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere-Land Processes Research (DCOP), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Global Environment and Marine Department [Tokyo], Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), Laboratoire de l'Atmosphère et des Cyclones (LACy), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France, Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de La Réunion (OSU-Réunion), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR), National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research [Lauder] (NIWA), Universities Space Research Association (USRA), Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere (RISH), Kyoto University [Kyoto], Czech Hydrometeorological Institute (CHMI), Environment and Climate Change Canada, Laboratoire d'aérologie (LAERO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Australian Bureau of Meteorology [Melbourne] (BoM), Australian Government, Earth Observing Laboratory [Boulder] (EOL), National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR)-University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR), Science Systems and Applications, Inc. [Lanham] (SSAI), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA), Harvard University-Smithsonian Institution, Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] - Royal Meteorological Institute (IRM), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome] (UNIROMA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France, Kyoto University, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Cloud cover, 0211 other engineering and technologies, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Latitude, Troposphere, Ozone layer, lcsh:TA170-171, Stratosphere, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, validation, Ozone Monitoring Instrument, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, lcsh:TA715-787, Anomaly (natural sciences), OMI, lcsh:Earthwork. Foundations, ozone, lcsh:Environmental engineering, Trace gas, 13. Climate action, Climatology, Environmental science
Abstract: We validate the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) Ozone Profile (PROFOZ) product from October 2004 through December 2014 retrieved by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory (SAO) algorithm against ozonesonde observations. We also evaluate the effects of OMI row anomaly (RA) on the retrieval by dividing the dataset into before and after the occurrence of serious OMI RA, i.e., pre-RA (2004–2008) and post-RA (2009–2014). The retrieval shows good agreement with ozonesondes in the tropics and midlatitudes and for pressure ∼ 50 hPa after applying OMI averaging kernels to ozonesonde data. The MBs of the stratospheric ozone column (SOC, the ozone column from the tropopause pressure to the ozonesonde burst pressure) are within 2 % with SDs of ∼ 50 hPa. The SOC MBs increase up to 3 % with SDs as great as 6 % and the TOC SDs increase up to 30 %. The comparison generally degrades at larger solar zenith angles (SZA) due to weaker signals and additional sources of error, leading to worse performance at high latitudes and during the midlatitude winter. Agreement also degrades with increasing cloudiness for pressure > ∼ 100 hPa and varies with cross-track position, especially with large MBs and SDs at extreme off-nadir positions. In the tropics and midlatitudes, the post-RA comparison is considerably worse with larger SDs reaching 2 % in the stratosphere and 8 % in the troposphere and up to 6 % in TOC. There are systematic differences that vary with latitude compared to the pre-RA comparison. The retrieval comparison demonstrates good long-term stability during the pre-RA period but exhibits a statistically significant trend of 0.14–0.7 % year−1 for pressure
Published: 2017

25. Magnetization carriers of grey to red deep-water limestones in the GSSP of the Givetian–Frasnian boundary (Puech de la Suque, France): signals influenced by moderate diagenetic overprinting

Author: Ondřej Bábek, Laurent Riquier, David De Vleeshouwer, Simo Spassov, Sarane Sterckx, Xavier Devleeschouwer, E. Petitclerc, Département des Sciences de la Terre et de l'Environnement, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Dpt VII: Geological Survey of Belgium, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS), Institut des Sciences de la Terre de Paris (iSTeP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Geology, Palacky University Olomouc, Center for Marine Environmental Sciences [Bremen] (MARUM), Universität Bremen, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique [Québec] (INRS), Centre de Physique du Globe [Dourbes], Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] (IRM), and Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] - Royal Meteorological Institute (IRM)
Subjects: [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Mineralogy, Geology, Ocean Engineering, Coercivity, Hematite, Overprinting, Magnetic susceptibility, Diagenesis, Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point, chemistry.chemical_compound, Magnetization, chemistry, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Water Science and Technology, Magnetite
Abstract: International audience; Limestones at the Puech de la Suque Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) of the Givetian–Frasnian boundary show a drastic change towards much higher magnetic susceptibility values in the Givetian rocks. Different rock magnetic parameters indicate that ferromagnetic minerals are the main controlling factor. The ferromagnetic fraction is composed of low- (magnetite-type) and high-coercivity (hematite and goethite) phases. Confirmed by the spectral reflectance, high coercivity minerals are fluctuating along the section with a higher abundance in the basal Frasnian. These phases may be of secondary origin and produced during burial stage. The magnetite-type phase contains two different grain-size populations. The identified that Stable Single-domain/Superparamagnetic (SSD/SP) particles are of diagenetic origin and their amount decreases slightly upwards. A second group of magnetite grains correspond to coarse-grained particles identified using the squareness v. coercive force plot. It is tentatively suggested here that these particles present throughout the section are of primary origin. On the contrary, the paramagnetic minerals underwent a clear diagenetic overprinting and may represent secondary minerals. The presence of a primary ferromagnetic carrier allowed the use of spectral analyses, leading to the detection of spectral peaks at 1.25 and 4 cycles/m, which can be interpreted as the result of 405-kyr and 100-kyr eccentricity forcing, respectively.
Published: 2014

26. Misguided Effort with Elusive Implications

Author: M. S. Hagger, N. L. D. Chatzisarantis, H. Alberts, C. O. Anggono, C. Batailler, A. R. Birt, R. Brand, M. J. Brandt, G. Brewer, S. Bruyneel, D. P. Calvillo, W. K. Campbell, P. R. Cannon, M. Carlucci, N. P. Carruth, T. Cheung, A. Crowell, D. T. D. De Ridder, S. Dewitte, M. Elson, J. R. Evans, B. A. Fay, B. M. Fennis, A. Finley, Z. Francis, E. Heise, H. Hoemann, M. Inzlicht, S. L. Koole, L. Koppel, F. Kroese, F. Lange, K. Lau, B. P. Lynch, C. Martijn, H. Merckelbach, N. V. Mills, A. Michirev, A. Miyake, A. E. Mosser, M. Muise, D. Muller, M. Muzi, D. Nalis, R. Nurwanti, H. Otgaar, M. C. Philipp, P. Primoceri, K. Rentzsch, L. Ringos, C. Schlinkert, B. J. Schmeichel, S. F. Schoch, M. Schrama, A. Schütz, A. Stamos, G. Tinghög, J. Ullrich, M. vanDellen, S. Wimbarti, W. Wolff, C. Yusainy, O. Zerhouni, M. Zwienenberg, RS: FPN CPS I, Section Eating Disorders and Obesity, RS: FPN CPS II, Section Forensic Psychology, RS: FPN CPS IV, Research Programme Marketing, Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] (IRM), RMN et optique : De la mesure au biomarqueur, Centre de Recherche en Acquisition et Traitement de l'Image pour la Santé (CREATIS), Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut d'Electronique du Solide et des Systèmes (InESS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik (MPIK), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes-CNR, University of Ca’ Foscari [Venice, Italy], Laboratoire Inter-universitaire de Psychologie : Personnalité, Cognition, Changement Social (LIP-PC2S ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Laboratoire d'Etude de l'Apprentissage et du Développement [Dijon] (LEAD), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB), Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Social Psychology, University of Zurich, Hagger, Martin S, Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] - Royal Meteorological Institute (IRM), Clinical Psychology, Marketing, Communication Science, EMGO+ - Mental Health, and Batailler, Cédric
Subjects: Research design, energy model, Social psychology (sociology), Ego depletion, reanalysis, [SHS.PSY]Humanities and Social Sciences/Psychology, 050109 social psychology, strength model, NEURAL BASES, Task (project management), Developmental psychology, ddc:150, Task Performance and Analysis, Psychology, registered replication report, LIMITED-RESOURCE, Applied Psychology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, General Psychology, resource depletion, self-regulation, meta-analysis, media_common, Cognitive science, General Commentary, 10093 Institute of Psychology, 05 social sciences, social psychology, 3200 General Psychology, Self-control, 16. Peace & justice, Resource depletion, Research Design, Meta-analysis, FMRI, [SCCO.PSYC]Cognitive science/Psychology, Social psychology, metaanalysis, Adult, media_common.quotation_subject, 050105 experimental psychology, [SHS.PSY] Humanities and Social Sciences/Psychology, Young Adult, Meta-Analysis as Topic, Humans, Personality, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, METAANALYSIS, Psykologi (exklusive tillämpad psykologi), self control, Reproducibility of Results, Tillämpad psykologi, Replication (computing), Confidence interval, SELF-CONTROL, Psychology (excluding Applied Psychology), REPLICABILITY, TASK, 150 Psychology, ego depletion
Abstract: Good self-control has been linked to adaptive outcomes such as better health, cohesive personal relationships, success in the workplace and at school, and less susceptibility to crime and addictions. In contrast, self-control failure is linked to maladaptive outcomes. Understanding the mechanisms by which self-control predicts behavior may assist in promoting better regulation and outcomes. A popular approach to understanding self-control is the strength or resource depletion model. Self-control is conceptualized as a limited resource that becomes depleted after a period of exertion resulting in self-control failure. The model has typically been tested using a sequential-task experimental paradigm, in which people completing an initial self-control task have reduced self-control capacity and poorer performance on a subsequent task, a state known as ego depletion. Although a meta-analysis of ego-depletion experiments found a medium-sized effect, subsequent meta-analyses have questioned the size and existence of the effect and identified instances of possible bias. The analyses served as a catalyst for the current Registered Replication Report of the ego-depletion effect. Multiple laboratories (k = 23, total N = 2,141) conducted replications of a standardized ego-depletion protocol based on a sequential-task paradigm by Sripada et al. Meta-analysis of the studies revealed that the size of the ego-depletion effect was small with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) that encompassed zero (d = 0.04, 95% CI [−0.07, 0.15]. We discuss implications of the findings for the ego-depletion effect and the resource depletion model of self-control. Contributing authors affiliated with Linköping University are also listed as Contributors in the list of the article's main authors.Contributing authors: Hugo Alberts, Calvin Octavianus Anggono, Cédric Batailler, Angela R. Birt, Ralf Brand, Mark J. Brandt, Gene Brewer, Sabrina Bruyneel, Dustin P. Calvillo, W. Keith Campbell, Peter R. Cannon, Marianna Carlucci, Nicholas P. Carruth, Tracy Cheung, Adrienne Crowell, Denise T. D. De Ridder, Siegfried Dewitte, Malte Elson, Jacqueline R. Evans, Benjamin A. Fay, Bob M. Fennis, Anna Finley, Zoë Francis, Elke Heise, Henrik Hoemann, Michael Inzlicht, Sander L. Koole, Lina Koppel, Floor Kroese, Florian Lange, Kevin Lau, Bridget P. Lynch, Carolien Martijn, Harald Merckelbach, Nicole V. Mills, Alexej Michirev, Akira Miyake, Alexandra E. Mosser, Megan Muise, Dominique Muller, Milena Muzi, Dario Nalis, Ratri Nurwanti, Henry Otgaar, Michael C. Philipp, Pierpaolo Primoceri, Katrin Rentzsch, Lara Ringos, Caroline Schlinkert, Brandon J. Schmeichel, Sarah F. Schoch, Michel Schrama, Astrid Schütz, Angelos Stamos, Gustav Tinghög, Johannes Ullrich, Michelle vanDellen, Supra Wimbarti, Wanja Wolff, Cleoputri Yusainy, Oulmann Zerhouni, Maria Zwienenberg
Published: 2016

27. SOVAP/Picard, a Spaceborne Radiometer to Measure the Total Solar Irradiance

Author: M. Meftah, S. Dewitte, A. Irbah, A. Chevalier, C. Conscience, D. Crommelynck, E. Janssen, S. Mekaoui, STRATO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] (IRM), and Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] - Royal Meteorological Institute (IRM)
Subjects: Physics, Radiometer, Meteorology, Spacecraft, [SDU.ASTR.SR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Solar and Stellar Astrophysics [astro-ph.SR], business.industry, Payload, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Solar Irradiance, Measure (physics), Astronomy and Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR.SR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Solar and Stellar Astrophysics [astro-ph.SR], Solar irradiance, 7. Clean energy, Instrumental Effects, Amplitude, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Orbit (dynamics), Solar Cycle Observations, Instrumentation and Data Management, business, Solar variation, Remote sensing
Abstract: International audience; The Picard spacecraft was successfully launched on June 15, 2010, into a Sun synchronous orbit. The mission represents one of the European contributions to solar observations and Essential Climate Variables (ECVs) measurements. The payload is composed of a Solar Diameter Imager and Surface Mapper (SODISM) and two radiometers: SOlar VAriability Picard (SOVAP) and PREcision MOnitor Sensor (PREMOS). SOVAP, a dual side-by-side cavity radiometer, measures the total solar irradiance (TSI). It is the sixth of a series of differential absolute radiometer type instruments developed and operated in space by the Royal Meteorological Institute of Belgium. The measurements of SOVAP in the summer of 2010, yielded a TSI value of 1362.1 W.m−2 with an uncertainty of ±2.4W.m−2 (k=1). During the periods of November 2010 and January 2013, the amplitude of the changes in TSI has been of the order of 0.18%, corresponding to a range of about 2.4W.m−2.
Published: 2013

28. On-Orbit Degradation of Solar Instruments

Author: Vincenzo Andretta, Udo Schühle, D. Walton, C. Jeppesen, L. Bradley, Matthieu Kretzschmar, M. Dominique, Abdanour Irbah, Andrew R. Jones, Thomas N. Woods, B. Giordanengo, C. J. Eyles, Werner Schmutz, G. Del Zanna, Gregory J. Ucker, Frédéric Auchère, Francis G. Eparvier, Daniel B. Seaton, Daniel Stephen Brown, Leonid Didkovsky, Don Woodraska, Seth Wieman, Darrell L. Judge, Jean-Philippe Halain, David Berghmans, Mustapha Meftah, Thomas Foujols, S. Mekaoui, Gaël Cessateur, G. Thuillier, Steven Dewitte, I. E. Dammasch, Rachel Hock, D. Gillotay, B. Nicula, Phillip C. Chamberlin, Samuel Gissot, Ali BenMoussa, David Bolsee, Danielle Bewsher, D. R. McMullin, Solar-Terrestrial Centre of Excellence [Brussels] (STCE), Royal Observatory of Belgium [Brussels] (ROB), Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung (MPS), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics (DAMTP), University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] (IRM), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics [Boulder] (LASP), University of Colorado [Boulder], Mullard Space Science Laboratory (MSSL), University College of London [London] (UCL), Grupo de Astronomia y Ciencias del Espacio (GACE), Laboratorio de Procesado de Imagenes [Valencia] (LPI), Universitat de València (UV)-Universitat de València (UV), Space Science and Technology Department [Didcot] (RAL Space), STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)-Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), STRATO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte (OAC), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Jeremiah Horrocks Institute for Mathematics, Physics and Astronomy [Preston], University of Central Lancashire [Preston] (UCLAN), Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique (BIRA-IASB), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), University of Southern California (USC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Spatial de Liège (CSL), Université de Liège, Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), United States Air Force (USAF), Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Space Systems Research Corporation (SSRC), Physikalisch-Meteorologisches Observatorium Davos/World Radiation Center (PMOD/WRC), Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung = Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research (MPS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] - Royal Meteorological Institute (IRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES)
Subjects: solar instruments, [PHYS.ASTR.IM]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, FOS: Physical sciences, Solar mission, Space weather, Space (commercial competition), 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Space exploration, Degradation, Contamination, Observatory, 0103 physical sciences, Aerospace engineering, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, business.industry, Astronomy and Astrophysics, con- tamination, calibration, space environment, [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Orbit (dynamics), Environmental science, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, business, Space environment, Degradation (telecommunications)
Abstract: International audience; We present the lessons learned about the degradation observed in several space solar missions, based on contributions at the Workshop about On-Orbit Degradation of Solar and Space Weather Instruments that took place at the Solar Terrestrial Centre of Excellence (Royal Observatory of Belgium) in Brussels on 3 May 2012. The aim of this workshop was to open discussions related to the degradation observed in Sun-observing instruments exposed to the effects of the space environment. This article summarizes the various lessons learned and offers recommendations to reduce or correct expected degradation with the goal of increasing the useful lifespan of future and ongoing space missions.
Published: 2013
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29. Comprehensive quality assessment of GOME- and IASI-type multi-mission tropospheric ozone data records

Author: Keppens, Arno, Lambert, Jean-Christopher, Hubert, D., Granville, J., Verhoelst, T., Compernolle, S., Van Peet, J., Van Der A, R., Miles, G., Siddans, R., Clerbaux, Cathy, Coheur, Pierre-François, Delcloo, Andy, Godin-Beekmann, Sophie, Kivi, R., Stübi, R., Zehner, C., Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique (BIRA-IASB), Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Spectroscopie de l'atmosphère, Service de Chimie Quantique et Photophysique, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] (IRM), STRATO - LATMOS, Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, Payerne Aerological Station, European Space Research Institute (ESRIN), European Space Agency (ESA), International Ozone Commission, Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] - Royal Meteorological Institute (IRM), and Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA)
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph]
Abstract: International audience; Tropospheric ozone plays a key role in air quality and has a significant impact on the radiation budget of the Earth, both directly and through its chemical influence on other trace gases. Assessments of atmospheric composition change and of associated climate change therefore demand accurate observations of the tropospheric ozone, both on the global and regional scales and both in the longer and shorter term. Such observations have been provided by two series of European nadir-viewing ozone profilers, namely the scattered-light UV-visible spectrometers of the GOME type, launched regularly since 1995 (GOME, SCIAMACHY, OMI, GOME-2 on MetOp-A/B/C, and the upcoming S-5p TROPOMI and Sentinel-5 missions), and the thermal infrared emission sounders of the IASI type, launched regularly since 2006 (IASI on MetOp platforms and IASI-NG on MetOp-SG). In particular, several tro- pospheric ozone data products have been improved and harmonised in the context of the European Space Agency’s Climate Change Initiative (ESA CCI) on ozone (www.esa-ozone-cci.org). To verify their fitness-for-purpose, those tropospheric ozone datasets must undergo a comprehensive quality assessment (QA), including (a) detailed iden- tification of their geographical, vertical and temporal domains of validity, (b) quantification of their potential bias, noise and drift and their dependences on influence quantities, and (c) assessment of the mutual consistency of data from different sounders. For this purpose we have applied to the aforementioned Ozone CCI datasets a versatile QA/validation system developed over years in the context of ESA’s Multi-TASTE and CCI projects, EUMETSAT’s O3M-SAF, and the European Commission’s GEOmon and QA4ECV. For both GOME- and IASI-type climate data records we report on data content studies, information content studies, and comparisons with co-located reference observations from the well established NDACC, SHADOZ, and GAW ozonesonde networks. Dependence of the tropospheric ozone data quality on major influence quantities and perspectives for the future Sentinel missions are discussed.
Published: 2016

30. Main results of the PICARD mission

Author: M. Meftah, T. Corbard, A. Hauchecorne, A. Irbah, P. Boumier, A. Chevalier, W. Schmutz, R. Ikhlef, F. Morand, C. Renaud, J.-F. Hochedez, G. Cessateur, S. Turck-Chièze, D. Salabert, M. Rouzé, M. van Ruymbeke, P. Zhu, S. Kholikov, S. Koller, C. Conscience, S. Dewitte, L. Damé, D. Djafer, STRATO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Joseph Louis LAGRANGE (LAGRANGE), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] - Royal Meteorological Institute (IRM), Physikalisch-Meteorologisches Observatorium Davos/World Radiation Center (PMOD/WRC), Centre de Recherche en Astronomie Astrophysique et Géophysique (CRAAG), Royal Observatory of Belgium [Brussels] (ROB), HELIOS - LATMOS, Département d'Astrophysique, de physique des Particules, de physique Nucléaire et de l'Instrumentation Associée (DAPNIA), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), National Solar Observatory [Tucson] (NSO/Tucson), National Science Foundation [Arlington] (NSF)-Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA), Unité de Recherche Appliquée en Energies Renouvelables (URAER), Ministère de l'Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche Scientifique [Algérie] (MESRS), Howard A. MacEwen, Giovanni G. Fazio, Makenzie Lystrup, Natalie Batalha, Nicholas Siegler, Edward C. Tong, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] (IRM)
Subjects: Physics, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Meteorology, Spacecraft, business.industry, [SDU.ASTR.SR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Solar and Stellar Astrophysics [astro-ph.SR], Irradiance, Solar radius, Solar irradiance, Solar physics, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], 13. Climate action, Physics::Space Physics, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Helioseismology, business, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Solar variation
Abstract: ISBN: 9781510601871; International audience; PICARD is a mission devoted to solar variability observation, through imagery and radiometric measurements, with the goal to provide data for scientific investigation first in the area of solar physics, and second in the assessment of the influence of the solar variability on the Earth climate variability. PICARD contains a double program with in-space and on-ground measurements. The PICARD spacecraft was launched on June 15, 2010, commissioned in-flight in October of the same year, and was retired in April 2014. PICARD ground-based is functional since May 2011, and is still operational today. We shall give an overview of the PICARD instrumentation. New estimates of the absolute values of the total solar irradiance, of the solar spectral irradiance at typical wavelengths, and of the solar oblateness will be given. We will also report about helioseismic studies. Finally, we will present our current results about solar radius variations after six years of solar observations.
Published: 2016

31. Ground-based assessment of the bias and long-term stability of 14 limb and occultation ozone profile data records

Author: Bryan J. Johnson, Ghassan Taha, David W. Tarasick, Sophie Godin-Beekmann, Marion Marchand, J. C. Lambert, Kerstin Stebel, Elian Wolfram, Adam Bourassa, Herman G. J. Smit, Arno Keppens, Daan Hubert, Hideaki Nakane, C. Thomas McElroy, Daan Swart, Ugo Cortesi, Karl W. Hoppel, Joanna A. E. van Gijsel, Donal P. Murtagh, James M. Russell, Tijl Verhoelst, Anne M. Thompson, Peter von der Gathen, Erkki Kyrölä, Günter Lichtenberg, Richard Querel, Kevin Strawbridge, Doug Degenstein, Wolfgang Steinbrecht, Kaley A. Walker, Joachim Urban, Roeland Van Malderen, Thierry Portafaix, José Granville, Jean-Luc Baray, Thierry Leblanc, Lucien Froidevaux, Jacobo Salvador, René Stübi, Joseph M. Zawodny, Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique (BIRA-IASB), Laboratoire de l'Atmosphère et des Cyclones (LACy), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France, Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique (LaMP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Space and Atmospheric Studies [Saskatoon] (ISAS), Department of Physics and Engineering Physics [Saskatoon], University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon] (U of S)-University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon] (U of S), Istituto di Fisica Applicata 'Nello Carrara' (IFAC), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), STRATO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), DLR Institut für Methodik der Fernerkundung / DLR Remote Sensing Technology Institute (IMF), Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Oberpfaffenhofen-Wessling] (DLR), University of York [York, UK], Department of Earth and Space Sciences [Göteborg], Chalmers University of Technology [Göteborg], Kochi University of Technology (KUT), National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research [Lauder] (NIWA), Department of Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences [Hampton] (APS), Hampton University, Centro de Investigaciones en Láseres y Aplicaciones [Buenos Aires] (CEILAP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET)-Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas para la Defensa (CITEDEF), Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung - Troposphäre (IEK-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Meteorologisches Observatorium Hohenpeißenberg (MOHp), Deutscher Wetterdienst [Offenbach] (DWD), Environment and Climate Change Canada, Payerne Aerological Station, Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment [Bilthoven] (RIVM), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Universities Space Research Association (USRA), Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] - Royal Meteorological Institute (IRM), Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Department of Chemistry [Waterloo], University of Waterloo [Waterloo], Department of Physics [Toronto], University of Toronto, NASA Langley Research Center [Hampton] (LaRC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France, Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), and Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] (IRM)
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Meteorology, lcsh:TA715-787, lcsh:Earthwork. Foundations, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Occultation, Ozone depletion, SCIAMACHY, lcsh:Environmental engineering, Troposphere, Zeppelinobservatoriet, 13. Climate action, Stratopause, Ozone layer, ddc:550, Environmental science, Tropopause, lcsh:TA170-171, Stratosphere, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: The ozone profile records of a large number of limb and occultation satellite instruments are widely used to address several key questions in ozone research. Further progress in some domains depends on a more detailed understanding of these data sets, especially of their long-term stability and their mutual consistency. To this end, we made a systematic assessment of 14 limb and occultation sounders that, together, provide more than three decades of global ozone profile measurements. In particular, we considered the latest operational Level-2 records by SAGE II, SAGE III, HALOE, UARS MLS, Aura MLS, POAM II, POAM III, OSIRIS, SMR, GOMOS, MIPAS, SCIAMACHY, ACE-FTS and MAESTRO. Central to our work is a consistent and robust analysis of the comparisons against the ground-based ozonesonde and stratospheric ozone lidar networks. It allowed us to investigate, from the troposphere up to the stratopause, the following main aspects of satellite data quality: long-term stability, overall bias and short-term variability, together with their dependence on geophysical parameters and profile representation. In addition, it permitted us to quantify the overall consistency between the ozone profilers. Generally, we found that between 20 and 40 km the satellite ozone measurement biases are smaller than ±5 %, the short-term variabilities are less than 5–12 % and the drifts are at most ±5 % decade−1 (or even ±3 % decade−1 for a few records). The agreement with ground-based data degrades somewhat towards the stratopause and especially towards the tropopause where natural variability and low ozone abundances impede a more precise analysis. In part of the stratosphere a few records deviate from the preceding general conclusions; we identified biases of 10 % and more (POAM II and SCIAMACHY), markedly higher single-profile variability (SMR and SCIAMACHY) and significant long-term drifts (SCIAMACHY, OSIRIS, HALOE and possibly GOMOS and SMR as well). Furthermore, we reflected on the repercussions of our findings for the construction, analysis and interpretation of merged data records. Most notably, the discrepancies between several recent ozone profile trend assessments can be mostly explained by instrumental drift. This clearly demonstrates the need for systematic comprehensive multi-instrument comparison analyses.
Published: 2016

32. Total solar irradiance as measured by the SOVAP radiometer onboard PICARD

Author: Mustapha Meftah, André Chevalier, Christian Conscience, Stijn Nevens, STRATO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] (IRM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Royal Meteorological Institute of Belgium (RMIB), Solar-Terrestrial Center of Excellence (STCE), and Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] - Royal Meteorological Institute (IRM)
Subjects: Solar minimum, Spacecraf, Atmospheric Science, Solar constant, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Astronomical unit, Solar activity, Solar cycle 24, lcsh:QC851-999, Solar irradiance, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Atmosphere, 0103 physical sciences, Spacecraft, Total Irradiance, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing, Radiometer, [SDU.ASTR.SR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Solar and Stellar Astrophysics [astro-ph.SR], Sun, Solar cycle, [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Solar Cycle, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Environmental science, lcsh:Meteorology. Climatology
Abstract: International audience; From the SOlar VAriability PICARD (SOVAP) space-based radiometer, we obtained a new time series of the total solar irradiance (TSI) during Solar Cycle 24. Based on SOVAP data, we obtained that the TSI input at the top of the Earth’s atmosphere at a distance of one astronomical unit from the Sun is 1361.8 ± 2.4 W m-2 (1σ) representative of the 2008 solar minimum period. From 2010 to 2014, the amplitude of the changes has been of the order of ± 0.1%, corresponding to a range of about 2.7 W m-2. To determine the TSI from SOVAP, we present here an improved instrument equation. A parameter was integrated from a theoretical analysis that highlighted the thermo-electrical non-equivalence of the radiometric cavity. From this approach, we obtained values that are lower than those previously provided with the same type of instrument. The results in this paper supersede the previous SOVAP analysis and provide the best SOVAP-based TSI-value estimate and its temporal variation.
Published: 2016

33. Solar spectral irradiance model validation using Solar Spectral Irradiance and Solar Radius measurements

Author: Thuillier, Gérard, Zhu, Ping, Shapiro, Alexander, Sofia, Sabatino, Tagirov, Rinat, van Ruymbeke, Michel, Schmutz, Werner, Cardon, Catherine, STRATO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] (IRM), Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung (MPS), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Department of Astronomy [New Haven], Yale University [New Haven], Physikalisch-Meteorologisches Observatorium Davos/World Radiation Center (PMOD/WRC), Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] - Royal Meteorological Institute (IRM), and Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung = Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research (MPS)
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], Physics::Space Physics, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph]
Abstract: International audience; The importance of the reliable solar spectral irradiance (SSI) data for solar and climate physics is now well acknowledged. In particular, the irradiance time series are necessary for most of the current studies concerning climate evolution. However, space instruments are vulnerable to the degradation due to the environment while ground based measurements are limited in wavelength range and need atmospheric effects corrections.This is why SSI modeling is necessary to understand the mechanism of the solar irradiance variability and to provide long and uninterrupted irradiance records to climate and Earth atmosphere scientists. Here we present COSI (COde for Solar Irradiance) model of the SSI variability. The COSI model is based on the Non local thermodynamic Equilibrium Spectral SYnthesis Code (NESSY). We validate NESSY by two independent datasets:- The SSI at solar minimum occurring in 2008,- The radius variation with wavelength and absolute values determined from PREMOS and BOS instruments onboard the PICARD spacecraft.Comparisons between modeling and measured SSI will be shown. However, since SSI measurements have an accuracy estimated between 2 to 3%, the comparison with the solar radius data provides a very important additional constrains on model. For that, 17 partial solar occultations by the Moon are used providing solar radii clearly showing the dependence of the solar radius with wavelength. These results are compared with the NESSY predictions. The agreement between NESSY and observations is within the model and measurements accuracy.
Published: 2016

34. Antarctic ozone hole as observed by IASI/MetOp for 2008–2010

Author: Cathy Clerbaux, Anne Boynard, Andy Delcloo, O. N. E. Tuinder, Juliette Hadji-Lazaro, Maya George, Daniel Hurtmans, Claire Scannell, Pierre-François Coheur, TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Spectroscopie de l'atmosphère, Service de Chimie Quantique et Photophysique, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR), Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] (IRM), Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), and Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] - Royal Meteorological Institute (IRM)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, Ozone, TROPOSPHERIC OZONE, IASI, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Correlation coefficient, RETRIEVAL, Infrared atmospheric sounding interferometer, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, VALIDATION, SCIAMACHY, chemistry.chemical_compound, GLOBAL DISTRIBUTIONS, Altitude, ALGORITHM, lcsh:TA170-171, SATELLITE, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], Polar night, lcsh:TA715-787, lcsh:Earthwork. Foundations, PROFILES, Ozone depletion, lcsh:Environmental engineering, Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, Satellite, Positive bias, DEPLETION
Abstract: In this paper we present a study of the ozone hole as observed by the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) on-board the MetOp-A European satellite platform from the beginning of data dissemination, August 2008, to the end of December 2010. Here we demonstrate IASI's ability to capture the seasonal characteristics of the ozone hole, in particular during polar night. We compare IASI ozone total columns and vertical profiles with those of the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment 2 (GOME-2, also on-board MetOp-A) and electrochemical concentration cell (ECC) ozone sonde measurements. Total ozone column from IASI and GOME-2 were found to be in excellent agreement for this region with a correlation coefficient of 0.97, for September, October and November 2009. On average IASI exhibits a positive bias of approximately 7% compared to the GOME-2 measurements over the entire ozone hole period. Comparisons between IASI and ozone sonde measurements were also found to be in good agreement with the difference between both ozone profile measurements being less than ±30% over the altitude range of 0–40 km. The vertical structure of the ozone profile inside the ozone hole is captured remarkably well by IASI.
Published: 2012

35. Evolution of the Total Solar Irradiance during the Rising Phase of Solar Cycle 24

Author: Meftah, Mustapha, Dewitte, Steven, Zhu, Ping, Chevalier, André, Conscience, Christian, Irbah, Abdanour, STRATO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] (IRM), Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] - Royal Meteorological Institute (IRM), and Cardon, Catherine
Subjects: [SDU.ASTR.IM] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], [SDU.STU.CL] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, [SDU.ASTR.SR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Solar and Stellar Astrophysics [astro-ph.SR], [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, Physics::Space Physics, [SDU.ASTR.SR] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Solar and Stellar Astrophysics [astro-ph.SR], Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM]
Abstract: International audience; To determine the total solar irradiance (TSI) from SOlar VAriability Picard (SOVAP) weestablished a new instrumental equation. A new parameter was integrated from a theoretical analysis that highlighted the thermo-electrical non-equivalence of the radiometric cavity. From this new approach, we obtained values that are lower than those previously provided with the same type of instruments. Based on SOVAP data, we obtained that the TSI input at the top of the Earth’s atmosphere at a distance of one astronomical unit from the Sun is 1362.1 Wm−2. In this talk, we describe the method, and then present results about TSI variations during the rising phase of solar cycle (from 2010 to 2014) and linkages between measurements and other solar parameters (solar radius and magnetic field). We are also going to talk about the implications of the harsh space environment on TSI measurements and how it is difficult to obtain absolute level of the TSI with a high degree of accuracy.
Published: 2015

36. Intercomparison of Aerosol Optical Depth from Brewer Ozone spectrophotometers and CIMEL sunphotometers measurements

Author: Anna Maria Siani, Vitali Fioletov, H. De Backer, Jhoon Kim, Ka Se Lam, Anne Cheymol, L. Gonzalez Sotelino, Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] (IRM), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University [Hong Kong] (POLYU), Yonsei Univ., Rm. 545, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Department of Physics [Roma La Sapienza], and Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome]
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Atmospheric Science, Measurement method, Ozone, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Photometer, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:QC1-999, law.invention, AERONET, 010309 optics, lcsh:Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, Ultraviolet B radiation, chemistry, lcsh:QD1-999, law, 0103 physical sciences, Environmental science, Angstrom, Optical depth, lcsh:Physics, Remote sensing, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: The Langley plot method applied on the Brewer Ozone measurements can provide accurate Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) in the UV-B. We present seven intercomparisons between AOD retrieved from Brewer Ozone measurements at 320 nm and AOD measured by CIMEL sunphotometer at 340 nm or 440 nm (shifted to 320 nm in using the Angström's law), which are stored in the international AERONET database. Only the intercomparisons between co-located instruments can be used to validate the Langley Plot Method applied to the Brewer measurements: in this case, all the correlation coefficients are above 0.82. If the instruments are not at the same site, the correlation between the AOD retrieved by both instruments is much lower. In applying the Angström's law the intercomparison is improved compared to previous study.
Published: 2009

37. Spatial dependences among precipitation maxima over Belgium

Author: Stéphane Vannitsem, Philippe Naveau, Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] (IRM), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Extrèmes : Statistiques, Impacts et Régionalisation (ESTIMR), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] - Royal Meteorological Institute (IRM), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Meteorology, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Context (language use), Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], 010104 statistics & probability, Range (statistics), Precipitation, 0101 mathematics, Spatial dependence, lcsh:Science, Extreme value theory, Variogram, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], lcsh:QC801-809, lcsh:QC1-999, lcsh:Geophysics. Cosmic physics, 13. Climate action, Generalized extreme value distribution, Environmental science, lcsh:Q, Maxima, lcsh:Physics
Abstract: For a wide range of applications in hydrology, the probability distribution of precipitation maxima represents a fundamental quantity to build dykes, propose flood planning policies, or more generally, to mitigate the impact of precipitation extremes. Classical Extreme Value Theory (EVT) has been applied in this context by usually assuming that precipitation maxima can be considered as Independent and Identically Distributed (IID) events, which approximately follow a Generalized Extreme Value distribution (GEV) at each recording site. In practice, weather stations records can not be considered as independent in space. Assessing the spatial dependences among precipitation maxima provided by two Belgium measurement networks is the main goal of this work. The pairwise dependences are estimated by a variogram of order one, also called madogram, that is specially tailored to be in compliance with spatial EVT and to capture EVT bivariate structures. Our analysis of Belgium precipitation maxima indicates that the degree of dependence varies greatly according to three factors: the distance between two stations, the season (summer or winter) and the precipitation accumulation duration (hourly, daily, monthly, etc.). Increasing the duration (from one hour to 20 days) strengthens the spatial dependence. The full independence is reached after about 50 km (100 km) for summer (winter) for a duration of one hour, while for long durations only after a few hundred kilometers. In addition this dependence is always larger in winter than in summer whatever is the duration. An explanation of these properties in terms of the dynamical processes dominating during the two seasons is advanced.
Published: 2007

38. The EarthCARE satellite: the next step forward in global measurements of clouds, aerosols, precipitation, and radiation

Author: C. Domenech, G.-J. van Zadelhoff, H. Chepfer, Ulla Wandinger, Teruyuki Nakajima, Robin J. Hogan, Tobias Wehr, Riko Oki, Pavlos Kollias, Takashi Y. Nakajima, Masaki Satoh, Hajime Okamoto, Howard W. Barker, Anton Beljaars, Kaori Sato, Jason N. S. Cole, Anthony J. Illingworth, Marie Ceccaldi, Nicolas Clerbaux, Maki Hirakata, Mark W. Shephard, David Donovan, Tomoaki Nishizawa, Julien Delanoë, A. Velazquez-Blazquez, S. Fukuda, Takuji Kubota, A. Huenerbein, Yuichi Ohno, Department of Meteorology [Reading], University of Reading (UOR), Environment and Climate Change Canada, European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), SPACE - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] (IRM), Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis (CCCma), Institut für Weltraumwissenschaften [Berlin], Freie Universität Berlin, Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), Earth Observation Research Center [Saitama] (EORC), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency [Tokyo] (JAXA), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences [Montréal], McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute [Kashiwa-shi] (AORI), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Research and Information Center [Tokyo] (TRIC), Tokai University, National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology [Tokyo, Japan] (NICT), Research Institute for Applied Mechanics, Kyushu University, Kyushu University [Fukuoka], European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), European Space Agency (ESA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] - Royal Meteorological Institute (IRM), Kyushu University, and Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, Radiometer, Meteorology, business.industry, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Cloud computing, law.invention, Aerosol, Lidar, 13. Climate action, law, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, Radiative transfer, Environmental science, Satellite, Spectral resolution, Radar, business, Remote sensing
Abstract: The collective representation within global models of aerosol, cloud, precipitation, and their radiative properties remains unsatisfactory. They constitute the largest source of uncertainty in predictions of climatic change and hamper the ability of numerical weather prediction models to forecast high-impact weather events. The joint ESA-JAXA EarthCARE satellite mission, scheduled for launch in 2017, will help to resolve these weaknesses by providing global profiles of cloud, aerosol, precipitation, and associated radiative properties inferred from a combination of measurements made by its collocated active and passive sensors. EarthCARE will improve our understanding of cloud and aerosol processes by extending the invaluable dataset acquired by the A-Train satellites CloudSat, CALIPSO, and Aqua. Specifically, EarthCARE's Cloud Profling Radar, with 7 dB more sensitivity than CloudSat, will detect more thin clouds and its Doppler capability will provide novel information on convection, precipitating ice particle and raindrop fall speeds. EarthCARE's 355-nm High Spectral Resolution Lidar will measure directly and accurately cloud and aerosol extinction and optical depth. Combining this with backscatter and polarization information should lead to an unprecedented ability to identify aerosol type. The Multi-Spectral Imager will provide a context for, and the ability to construct the cloud and aerosol distribution in 3D domains around the narrow 2D retrieved cross-section. The consistency of the retrievals will be assessed to within a target of ±10 W m−2 on the (10 km)2 54 scale by comparing the multi-view Broad-Band Radiometer observations to the top-of-atmosphere fluxes estimated by 3D radiative transfer models acting on retrieved 3D domains., 著者人数: 27名, 資料番号: PA1510072000
Published: 2015

39. The Sun-earth Imbalance radiometer for a direct measurement of the net heating of the earth

Author: Dewitte, Steven, Karatekin, Özgür, Chevalier, Andre, Clerbaux, Nicolas, Meftah, Mustapha, Irbah, Abdanour, Delabie, Tjorven, Cardon, Catherine, Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] (IRM), Royal Observatory of Belgium [Brussels] (ROB), STRATO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Production Engineering, Machine Design and Automation, Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), and Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] - Royal Meteorological Institute (IRM)
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph]
Abstract: International audience; It is accepted that the climate on earth is changing due to a radiative energy imbalance at the top of the atmosphere, up to now this radiation imbalance has not been measured directly. The measurement is challenging both in terms of space-time sampling of the radiative energy that is leaving the earth and in terms of accuracy. The incoming solar radiation and the outgoing terrestrial radiation are of nearly equal magnitude – of the order of 340 W/m2 – resulting in a much smaller difference or imbalance of the order of 1 W/m2. The only way to measure the imbalance with sufficient accuracy is to measure both the incoming solar and the outgoing terrestrial radiation with the same instrument. Based on our 30 year experience of measuring the Total Solar Irradiance with the Differential Absolute RADiometer (DIARAD) type of instrument and on our 10 year experience of measuring the Earth Radiation Budget with the Geostationary Earth Radiation Budget (GERB) instrument on Meteosat Second Generation, we propose an innovative constellation of Sun-earth IMBAlance (SIMBA) radiometer cubesats with the ultimate goal to measure the Sun-earth radiation imbalance. A first Simba In Orbit Demonstration satellite is scheduled for flight with QB50 in 2015. It is currently being developed as ESA's first cubesat through an ESA GSTP project. In this paper we will give an overview of the Simba science objectives and of the current satellite and payload development status.
Published: 2015

40. Validation of IASI Ozone Profiles from MetOp A and MetOpB, using balloon sounding data

Author: Delcloo, Andy, Hurtmans, Daniel, Coheur, Pierre-François, Clerbaux, Cathy, Cardon, Catherine, Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] (IRM), Spectroscopie de l'atmosphère, Service de Chimie Quantique et Photophysique, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] - Royal Meteorological Institute (IRM)
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph]
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2015

41. Harmonised Validation System for Tropospheric Ozone and Ozone Profile Retrievals from GOME to the Copernicus Sentinels

Author: Keppens, Arno, Lambert, Jean-Christopher, Hubert, Daan, Verhoelst, Tijl, Granville, José, Ancellet, Gérard, Balis, Dimitris, Delcloo, Andy, Duflot, Valentin, Godin-Beekmann, Sophie, Leblanc, Thierry, Stavrakou, Trissevgeni, Steinbrecht, Wolfgang, Stübi, René, Thompson, Anne, Cardon, Catherine, Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique (BIRA-IASB), TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratory of Atmospheric Physics [Thessaloniki], Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] (IRM), Laboratoire de l'Atmosphère et des Cyclones (LACy), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France, STRATO - LATMOS, Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Meteorologisches Observatorium Hohenpeißenberg (MOHp), Deutscher Wetterdienst [Offenbach] (DWD), Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] - Royal Meteorological Institute (IRM), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph]
Abstract: International audience; Research addressing air pollution, the maintenance of the stratospheric ozone layer, and global climate change requires global and long-term monitoring of the vertical distribution of atmospheric ozone at ever-improving resolution and accuracy. Global tropospheric and stratospheric ozone profile measurement capabilities from space have therefore improved substantially over the last two decades, among others with new generation hyperspectral instruments measuring backscattered UV-visible sunlight (GOME, SCIAMACHY, OMI, GOME-2) and thermal emission (TES, IASI) at the nadir of the satellite. Enhanced versions of those instruments are now being developed within EU’s Copernicus Earth Observation programme: the UV-visible-NIR TROPOMI instrument on board of the mid-afternoon satellite Sentinel-5P, to be launched in 2016, and both UV-visible and infrared instruments of the GOME and IASI types on board of the geostationary Sentinel-4 and polar orbiting Sentinel-5, to be launched at the end of the decade. Additionally, stringent climate research user requirements like e.g. the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) targets call for continuous quality assessment and evolution of ozone data and their associated retrieval algorithms over the whole relevant spatial domain, vertical range, and mission lifetime. The fitness-for-purpose of tropospheric ozone column and ozone profile data products must thus be warily verified by means of in-depth QA/validation studies of the satellite data and associated retrieval algorithms before being used in scientific research and operational applications.To that purpose, an extensive validation system has been developed on the heritage of various validation activities, starting in the 1990s with the first GOME ozone profile validations and progressively extending up to the current ESA Multi-TASTE Phase F data evolution and Ozone_cci production of multi-mission climate data records on ozone. Currently this validation system is being further consolidated with metrological traceability practices and with generic QA guidelines established within the FP7 QA4ECV project. The end-to-end approach of this system combines preliminary QA/QC procedures, data content studies, in-depth information content studies, information-content based co-location procedures, data homogenisation, and the more traditional data comparisons with respect to reference measurements acquired by ground-based networks of ozonesondes and lidars (NDACC, SHADOZ, WMO GAW). An OSSE system with detailed metrology of the remote sensing data is thereby used to assess the propagation of errors associated with differences in smoothing and with mismatches in space and time between the various measurements.In this paper we briefly describe the principles and implementation of this QA/validation system, now in pre-operational phase. Through illustrative evaluation activities from ESA’s Ozone_cci project we demonstrate its broad applicability to virtually all ozone (partial) column and profile datasets. We conclude with a perspective on current developments of this system required to address the specific challenges of the upcoming TROPOMI ozone data validation as envisaged in the S5PVT AO project CHEOPS-5p (Validation of Copernicus HEight-resolved Ozone data Products from Sentinel-5P TROPOMI).
Published: 2015

42. On the determination and constancy of the solar oblateness

Author: André Chevalier, Abdanour Irbah, Mustapha Meftah, D. Salabert, Alain Hauchecorne, Sylvaine Turck-Chièze, Steven Dewitte, S. Mekaoui, Jean-François Hochedez, Thierry Corbard, Patrick Boumier, STRATO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Joseph Louis LAGRANGE (LAGRANGE), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Solar Influences Data Analysis Center [Brussels] (SIDC), Royal Observatory of Belgium [Brussels] (ROB), Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] (IRM), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), and Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] - Royal Meteorological Institute (IRM)
Subjects: Solar constant, Solar radius, Solar diameter, Solar irradiance, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Telescope, law, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Active regions, 010306 general physics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Solar oblateness, Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], Spacecraft, business.industry, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Radius, Solar physics, Wavelength, Space and Planetary Science, Physics::Space Physics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, business
Abstract: International audience; The equator-to-pole radius difference (Δr=R eq−R pol) is a fundamental property of our star, and understanding it will enrich future solar and stellar dynamical models. The solar oblateness (Δ⊙) corresponds to the excess ratio of the equatorial solar radius (R eq) to the polar radius (R pol), which is of great interest for those working in relativity and different areas of solar physics. Δr is known to be a rather small quantity, where a positive value of about 8 milli-arcseconds (mas) is suggested by previous measurements and predictions. The Picard space mission aimed to measure Δr with a precision better than 0.5 mas. The Solar Diameter Imager and Surface Mapper (SODISM) onboard Picard was a Ritchey–Chrétien telescope that took images of the Sun at several wavelengths. The SODISM measurements of the solar shape were obtained during special roll maneuvers of the spacecraft by 30° steps. They have produced precise determinations of the solar oblateness at 782.2 nm. After correcting measurements for optical distortion and for instrument temperature trend, we found a solar equator-to-pole radius difference at 782.2 nm of 7.9±0.3 mas (5.7±0.2 km) at one σ. This measurement has been repeated several times during the first year of the space-borne observations, and we have not observed any correlation between oblateness and total solar irradiance variations.
Published: 2015

43. SUMO: Solar Ultraviolet Monitor and Ozone nanosatellite

Author: Damé, Luc, Meftah, Mustapha, Irbah, Abdanour, Hauchecorne, Alain, Keckhut, Philippe, Sarkissian, Alain, Godin-Beekmann, Sophie, Rogers, David, Bove, Philippe, Lagage, Pierre-Olivier, Dewitte, Steven, HELIOS - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), STRATO - LATMOS, Nanovation SARL, Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] - Royal Meteorological Institute (IRM), Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] (IRM), and Cardon, Catherine
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], [SDU.ASTR.SR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Solar and Stellar Astrophysics [astro-ph.SR], [SDU.ASTR.SR] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Solar and Stellar Astrophysics [astro-ph.SR], [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph]
Abstract: International audience; SUMO is an innovative proof-of-concept nanosatellite aiming to measure on the same platform the different components of the Earth radiation budget (ERB), the solar energy input and the energy reemitted at the top of the Earth atmosphere, with a particular focus on the far UV (FUV) part of the spectrum and on the ozone layer. The FUV is the only wavelength band with energy absorbed in the high atmosphere (stratosphere), in the ozone (Herzberg continuum, 200–220 nm) and oxygen bands, and its high variability is most probably at the origin of a climate influence (UV affects stratospheric dynamics and temperatures, altering interplanetary waves and weather patterns both poleward and downward to the lower stratosphere and tropopause). A simultaneous observation of incoming FUV and ozone production would bring an invaluable information on this process of solar-climate forcing. Space instruments have already measured the different components of the ERB but this is the first time that all instruments will operate on the same platform. This characteristic by itself guarantees original scientific results. SUMO is a 3.6 kg, 3W, 10x10x30 cm3 nanosatellite ("3U"), with a "1U" payload of
Published: 2014

44. Vortex-averaged Arctic ozone depletion in the winter 2002/2003

Author: Jonathan Davies, Hennie Kelder, René Stübi, Michael Gerding, P. Viatte, Signe B. Andersen, A. F. Vik, H. De Backer, P. von der Gathen, Geraint Vaughan, David J. Moore, Esko Kyrö, M. Streibel, I. Zaitcev, B. Henchoz, T. Christensen, Geir O. Braathen, Rigel Kivi, Z. Litynska, A. Benesova, Hans Claude, G. Peters, H. Dier, T. Turunen, Valery Dorokhov, P. Skrivankova, B. M. Knudsen, Manuel Gil, Danish Meteorological Institute (DMI), Department of Bentho-pelagic processes, Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Czech Hydrometeorological Institute (CHMI), Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Deutscher Wetterdienst [Offenbach] (DWD), Environment and Climate Change Canada, Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] (IRM), Central Aerological Observatory (CAO), Russian Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring (Roshydromet), Leibniz-Institut für Atmosphärenphysik (IAP), Universität Rostock-Leibniz Association, Instituto Nacional de Téchnica Aerospacial, Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), IMWM, United Kingdom Met Office [Exeter], and University of Wales
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Atmospheric Science, Ozone, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Dobson unit, Diabatic, 010501 environmental sciences, Total ozone, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Ozone depletion, lcsh:QC1-999, Vortex, lcsh:Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, lcsh:QD1-999, chemistry, Arctic, 13. Climate action, Climatology, TRACER, Environmental science, lcsh:Physics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: A total ozone depletion of 68±7 Dobson units between 380 and 525K from 10 December 2002 to 10 March 2003 is derived from ozone sonde data by the vortex-average method, taking into account both diabatic descent of the air masses and transport of air into the vortex. When the vortex is divided into three equal-area regions, the results are 85±9DU for the collar region (closest to the edge), 52±5DU for the vortex centre and 68±7DU for the middle region in between centre and collar. Our results compare well with other studies: We find good agreement with ozone loss deduced from SAOZ data, with results inferred from POAMIII observations and with results from tracer-tracer correlations using HF as the long-lived tracer. We find a higher ozone loss than that deduced by tracer-tracer correlations using CH4. We have made a careful comparison with Match results: The results were recalculated using a common time period, vortex edge definition and height interval. The two methods generally compare very well, except at the 475K level which exhibits an unexplained discrepancy.
Published: 2005

45. Picard, a solar mission dedicated to the study of the Sun: current results

Author: Mustapha Meftah, Jean-François Hochedez, Steven Dewitte, Alain Hauchecorne, Abdanour Irbah, Patrick Boumier, Thierry Corbard, Sylvaine Turck-Chièze, Ping Zhu, STRATO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] (IRM), Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Joseph Louis LAGRANGE (LAGRANGE), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] - Royal Meteorological Institute (IRM), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), and COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDU.ASTR.SR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Solar and Stellar Astrophysics [astro-ph.SR]
Abstract: International audience; PICARD is a mission dedicated to the simultaneous measurements of the solar total and spectral irradiances, its diameter and asphericity. It also probes seismically the solar interior by analysing its local intensity variation. PICARD contains a double program with in-space and on-ground measurements. Space observations are a priori most favourable, however, space entails also technical challenges, a harsh environment, and a finite mission lifetime. The PICARD spacecraft, launched on June 15, 2010 will retire in April 2014. On ground, the instruments are less affected by in-space degradation and maintenance is easily provided so if the atmosphere is properly monitored and taken into account, they still represent an opportunity to generate the needed long-term time-series. That is why ground measurements have been carried out since May 2011-and will be pursued after the space program. In this talk, we describe both sets of instruments, and then present our current results. In particular, we show new estimates of the absolute values of the total solar irradiance, diameter and oblateness. We also report about helioseismic studies and about the apparent absence of mid-term trend in the measurement of the diameter.
Published: 2014

46. A nano-satellite to study the Sun and the Earth

Author: Alain Sarkissian, Luc Damé, Steven Dewitte, Philippe Keckhut, Abdanour Irbah, Pierre-Olivier Lagage, Alain Hauchecorne, Mustapha Meftah, André Chevalier, STRATO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), HELIOS - LATMOS, Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] - Royal Meteorological Institute (IRM), Khanh D. Pham, Joseph L. Cox, and Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] (IRM)
Subjects: Space technology, [PHYS.ASTR.IM]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Satellites, Computer science, Irradiance, Space (commercial competition), Solar irradiance, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Space exploration, Ozone, Lead (geology), 0103 physical sciences, Ozone layer, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Constellation, Remote sensing, Radiation, [SDU.ASTR.SR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Solar and Stellar Astrophysics [astro-ph.SR], [PHYS.ASTR.SR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Solar and Stellar Astrophysics [astro-ph.SR], [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Electronic components, Physics::Space Physics, Systems engineering, Satellite, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract: ISBN: 9781628410228; International audience; Since the launch of the first artificial satellite in 1957, more than 6,000 satellites have been sent into space. Despite technological advances, the space domain remains little accessible. However, with the miniaturization of electronic components, it has recently become possible to develop small satellites with which scientific goals can be addressed. Micro-satellites have demonstrated that these goals are achievable. However, completion times remain long. Today, we hope through the use of nano-satellites to reduce size, costs, time of development and accordingly to increase accessibility to space for scientific objectives. Nano-satellites have become important tools for space development and utilization, which may lead to new ways of space exploration. This paper is intended to present a future space mission enabled by the development of nano-satellites and the underlying technologies they employ. Our future mission expands observations of the Sun (total solar irradiance and solar spectral irradiance measurements) and of the Earth (outgoing long-wave radiation, short-wave radiation measurements and stratospheric ozone measurements). Constellations of nano-satellites providing simultaneous collection of data over a wide area of geo-space may be built later and present a great interest for Sun-Earth relationships.
Published: 2014

47. A new way to Estimate the Earth's Radiation Budget at the top-of-atmosphere

Author: Zhu, Ping, Karatekin, Ozgur, van Ruymbeke, Michel, Dewitte, Steven, Meftah, Mustapha, Royal Observatory of Belgium [Brussels] (ROB), Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] (IRM), STRATO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] - Royal Meteorological Institute (IRM), and Cardon, Catherine
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], Physics::Space Physics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph]
Abstract: International audience; The Earth's Radiation Budget at the top-of-atmosphere (TOA) is investigated by combining remote sensing data from different Earth observing satellites and the solar radiation monitoring from dedicated missions. Despite the relatively high precision of each individual instruments, the uncertainties in the current net radiation derived at the TOA is still too large to track small energy imbalance associated with forced climate change. A new method to estimate the net energy balance at the TOA is introduced based on nearly three years space experiments from the Bolometric Oscillation Sensor (BOS) onboard PICARD satellite. PICARD satellite is circling the Earth on a heliocentric orbit, the descending and the ascending nodes of the PICARD are around 6 a.m. and 6 p.m. local time, respectively. The BOS sensor onboard PICARD satellite is sensitive to the radiation coming from both the sun and the Earth. Besides solar shortwave electromagnetic radiation, the black-coated BOS sensor measures also the reflected (visible) and reemitted (infrared) terrestrial radiation. The net radiation of the Earth is described as: fnet = fin - (fvis +fir) (1) Where fnet, the net radiation of the Earth at the TOA, fin, the incoming solar irradiance, fvis, the reflected solar radiation at the TOA, fir infrared radiation of the Earth. The energy absorbed by the main detector of the BOS can be approximately written as: fbos = fsun + (fvis + fir) (2) Where fbos, the measurements of the BOS instruments, fvis, the reflected solar radiation at the TOA, fir infrared radiation of the Earth. Frome equation (1) and (2), we can found a new method to estimate the net radiation: fnet = fsun +fin - fbos (3) BOS/PICARD experiment allows us to employ this new approach to study the Earth's Radiation Budget from a single remote sensing instrument. Here we discuss the BOS data between July 2010 and October 2013 and their implication on Earth's Radiation Budget estimate.
Published: 2014

48. Response of the ozone column over Europe to the 2011 Arctic ozone depletion event according to ground-based observations and assessment of the consequent variations in surface UV irradiance

Author: Weine Josefsson, Karel Vaníček, Giuseppe Casale, Angelo Lupi, Florence Goutail, Juan Ramón Moreta González, Andrew R. D. Smedley, Mauro Mazzola, Maurizio Busetto, Ulf Köhler, Oliver Mišaga, René Stübi, Boyan Petkov, Henri Diémoz, Christian Lanconelli, Ann R. Webb, Zoltan Toth, Bogdana Mendeva, Anna Maria Siani, Gunther Seckmeyer, David J. Moore, Arne Dahlback, Claudio Tomasi, R. Werner, Hugo De Backer, Vito Vitale, María López Bartolomé, Saji Varghese, Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics [Trieste] (ICTP), CNR Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (ISAC), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Dipartimento di Fisica [Roma La Sapienza], Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome] (UNIROMA), Institut für Meteorologie und Klimatologie [Hannover] (IMUK), Leibniz Universität Hannover=Leibniz University Hannover, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences [Manchester] (SEAES), University of Manchester [Manchester], Space Research and Technology Institute [Sofia], Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS), STRATO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Meteorologisches Observatorium Hohenpeißenberg (MOHp), Deutscher Wetterdienst [Offenbach] (DWD), Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI), United Kingdom Met Office [Exeter], Agencia Estatal de Meteorología (AEMet), Slovak Hydrometeorological Institute (SHMU), University of Oslo (UiO), Hungarian Meteorological Service (OMSZ), Valentia Geophysical and Meteorological Observatory, Irish Meteorological Service, Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] - Royal Meteorological Institute (IRM), Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, Solar and Ozone Observatory (SOO), Czech Hydrometeorological Institute (CHMI), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], Leibniz Universität Hannover [Hannover] (LUH), Hungarian Meteorological Service (OMSz), and Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] (IRM)
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], Atmospheric Science, Arctic ozone, Ozone impact on surface UV, Irradiance, Ozone impact on surface, Atmospheric sciences, Ozone depletion, Latitude, Arctic, 13. Climate action, Climatology, Solar UV irradiance, Environmental science, General Environmental Science, Ozone column
Abstract: International audience; The strong ozone depletion event that occurred in Arctic during spring 2011 was found to cause appreciable reduction in the ozone column (OC) in Europe, even at lower latitudes. The features of this episode have been analysed using the data recorded at 34 ground-based stations located in the European area and compared with the similar events in 2000 and 2005. The results provided evidence that OC as far south as 40°N latitude was considerably influenced by the Arctic ozone loss in spring 2011. The reduction of OC at the northernmost sites was about 40% with respect to the mean value calculated over the previous six-year period, while a similar decrease at the southern extreme ranged between 15 and 18%, and were delayed by nearly two weeks compared to the Arctic region. The ozone distributions reconstructed for the West Europe sector show that the decline of OC lasted from late March to late April 2011. The echo of the Arctic ozone depletion on mid-latitude UV irradiance has been analysed trough model computations that show an increase of the midday erythemal dose by 3-4 SED (1 SED = 100 J m-2) that was slightly higher than at polar regions. On the other hand it was assessed that the biosystems in the northernmost regions were a subject of about 4 times higher UV stress than those at mid-latitudes. Despite indications of an OC recovery, the event examined here shows that the issue of ozone depletion episodes cannot be belittled.
Published: 2014
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49. Validation of IASI ozone profiles, using balloon sounding data

Author: Delcloo, Andy, Hurtmans, Daniel, Coheur, Pierre-François, Clerbaux, Cathy, Cardon, Catherine, Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] - Royal Meteorological Institute (IRM), Spectroscopie de l'atmosphère, Service de Chimie Quantique et Photophysique, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] (IRM)
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph]
Abstract: Here we present a validation study of IASI vertical ozone profiles. This has been done using balloon ozone sonde data, which have a vertical resolution of about 100 m and measures ozone from the surface up to an altitude of about 30 km. IASI vertical ozone profiles are given as partial ozone columns [in DU per layer] between varying pressure levels. To validate the satellite derived ozone layers with the balloon ozone sounding data we integrate the ozone measured by the balloon ozone soundings between the corresponding IASI pressure levels. We take into account the IASI averaging kernels in our analysis in order to smooth the ozone sonde data towards the resolution of the satellite data.
Published: 2012

50. Changes in ozone over Europe: Analysis of ozone measurements from sondes, regular aircraft (MOZAIC) and alpine surface sites

Author: Logan J. A., Staehelin J., Megretskaia I. A., Cammas J. P., Thouret V., Claude H., De Backer H., Steinbacher M., Scheel H. E., Stuebi R., Froehlich M., Derwent R., Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences (SEAS), Harvard University [Cambridge], Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science [Zürich] (IAC), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Ozone et Précurseurs (O3P ), Laboratoire d'aérologie (LAERO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Meteorologisches Observatorium Hohenpeißenberg (MOHp), Deutscher Wetterdienst [Offenbach] (DWD), Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] (IRM), Laboratory of Air Pollution and Environmental Technology, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology [Thun] (EMPA), Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung - Atmosphärische Umweltforschung (IMK-IFU), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Payerne Aerological Station, Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, Air Pollution Control and Climate Change Mitigation, Environment Agency Austria, Rdscientific [Newbury], Harvard University, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] - Royal Meteorological Institute (IRM), Laboratory for Air Pollution/Environmental Technology, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology [Dübendorf] (EMPA), and Umweltbundesamt GmbH = Environment Agency Austria
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph]
Abstract: International audience; We use ozone observations from sondes, regular aircraft, and alpine surface sites in a self-consistent analysis to determine robust changes in the time evolution of ozone over Europe. The data are most coherent since 1998, with similar interannual variability and trends. Ozone has decreased slowly since 1998, with an annual mean trend of −0.15 ppb yr−1 at ∼3 km and the largest decrease in summer. There are some substantial differences between the sondes and other data, particularly in the early 1990s. The alpine and aircraft data show that ozone increased from late 1994 until 1998, but the sonde data do not. Time series of differences in ozone between pairs of locations reveal inconsistencies in various data sets. Differences as small as few ppb for 2-3 years lead to different trends for 1995-2008, when all data sets overlap. Sonde data from Hohenpeissenberg and in situ data from nearby Zugspitze show ozone increased by ∼1 ppb yr−1 during 1978-1989. We construct a mean alpine time series using data for Jungfraujoch, Zugspitze, and Sonnblick. Using Zugspitze data for 1978-1989, and the mean time series since 1990, we find that the ozone increased by 6.5-10 ppb in 1978-1989 and 2.5-4.5 ppb in the 1990s and decreased by 4 ppb in the 2000s in summer with no significant changes in other seasons. It is hard to reconcile all these changes with trends in emissions of ozone precursors, and in ozone in the lowermost stratosphere. We recommend data sets that are suitable for evaluation of model hindcasts.
Published: 2012

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