Author: "Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)" - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

Your search keyword '"Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)"' showing total 261 results

Start Over Author "Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)"

261 results on '"Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)"'

1. Rethinking Iconic Species Reforestation in West Africa: Seed Shape Harnessing Is Strategic for Enhanced Germination and Vigorous Growth in Khaya senegalensis and Parkia biglobosa

Author: Adji, Beda, Letort, Véronique, Wang, Xiujuan, Kang, Mengzhen, de Reffye, Philippe, Jaeger, Marc, Cilas, Christian, Kouassi, Kouadio, Duminil, Jérôme, Sabatier, Sylvie, Akaffou, Doffou, Université Jean Lorougnon Guédé (UJloG ), Mathématiques et Informatique pour la Complexité et les Systèmes (MICS), CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM), AMAP Lab [Saint-Pierre - La réunion], Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Cirad Direction Générale (Cirad-DG), Diversité, adaptation, développement des plantes (UMR DIADE), and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)
Subjects: Khaya senegalensis, Côte d'Ivoire, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Parkia biglobosa, seed quality, reforestation, seed quality reforestation Khaya senegalensis Parkia biglobosa Côte d'Ivoire
Abstract: International audience; Seed size is a critical factor that can impact the regeneration process of plant populations. The objective of this study is to identify optimal seeds for the cultivation of two overexploited native forest species in Côte d'Ivoire, namely Khaya senegalensis (Desr.) A.Juss., 1830 and Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) R.BR. ex G. Don, 1830. A total of 1080 seeds per species were evaluated for germination and seedling vigour in two distinct environments (dry and humid) in Côte d'Ivoire. The results demonstrated that, for Khaya senegalensis, larger seeds exhibited higher germination rates, whereas for Parkia biglobosa, smaller and medium-sized seeds showed better germination performance. However, regardless of species and study site, larger seeds consistently produced more vigorous seedlings. In this case, pretreatment tests on large seeds of Parkia biglobosa can potentially enhance their germination performance. Large seeds, ranging from 0.25-0.37 g in Khaya senegalensis and 0.2-0.32 g in Parkia biglobosa, appear to be the most suitable and best candidates for high-quality, high-performance seeds to optimise the cultivation of these species in Côte d'Ivoire. Distributing such seeds to farmers can contribute to the success of reforestation and agroforestry programs involving these target species in Côte d'Ivoire. These findings contribute to the sustainable management of the target species and can serve as a basis for restructuring forest regeneration policies in Côte d'Ivoire.
Published: 2023

2. About sterile insect control strategies in a two patches system

Author: Dumont, Yves, Duprez, Michel, Privat, Yannick, Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), AMAP Lab [Saint-Pierre - La réunion], Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, University of Pretoria, Laboratoire des sciences de l'ingénieur, de l'informatique et de l'imagerie (ICube), École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Strasbourg (INSA Strasbourg), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Les Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Computational Anatomy and Simulation for Medicine (MIMESIS), Inria Nancy - Grand Est, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire des sciences de l'ingénieur, de l'informatique et de l'imagerie (ICube), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Strasbourg (INSA Strasbourg), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Les Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), Institut de Recherche Mathématique Avancée (IRMA), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), and Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.)
Subjects: metapopulation model, optimal control, Bactrocera dorsalis, Control strategies, Sterile Insect Technique, monotone cooperative system, [MATH.MATH-DS]Mathematics [math]/Dynamical Systems [math.DS], biological control, patches
Abstract: International audience; Sterile Insect Technique is an autocidal method to control Vector of diseases and crop pest. It consists of releasing males sterilized by ionization, in a targeted area, that will mate with the wild females, resulting in a reduce, eventually a local elimination, of the wild population. However, migration of wild insects, from a non-targeted area, can be problematic and reduce the efficiency of SIT [1]. The control strategies should be adapted to take this issue into account. We consider a two patches system, where Patch 1 is the targeted area linked to another area, Patch 2, that needs not to be controlled. Wild and sterile insects can circulate between the two Patches, so that different issues have to be solved. Is it possible to find one or several strategies, and among them an optimal strategy, to reach elimination in patch 1? Should we control both patches? Using results related to monotone cooperative systems [2] and also tools from optimal control theory, we will show some theoretical responses [3]. We will also illustrate the theoretical results with numerical simulations and discuss the extension of our results.
Published: 2023

3. Spatial spread of infectious diseases with conditional vector preferences

Author: Hamelin, Frédéric, Hilker, Frank M., Dumont, Yves, Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes (IGEPP), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Rennes Angers, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Universität Osnabrück - Osnabrück University, Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), AMAP Lab [Saint-Pierre - La réunion], Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM), University of Pretoria [South Africa], Sergey Petrovskii (University of Leicester), Jean-Christophe Poggiale (Aix-Marseille Université), and Suzanne Touzeau (INRAE Sophia Antipolis)
Subjects: Front reversal, Monostable traveling wave, Traveling wave solution, Bistable traveling wave, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Backward bifurcation, Monotone system, Vector preference, [MATH]Mathematics [math], Partial differential equations
Abstract: International audience; We explore the spatial spread of vector-borne infections with conditional vector preferences, meaning that vectors do not visit hosts at random. Vectors may be differentially attracted toward infected and uninfected hosts depending on whether they carry the pathogen or not. The model is expressed as a system of partial differential equations with vector diffusion. We first study the diffusion-less model. We show that conditional vector preferences alone (in the absence of any epidemiological feedback on their population dynamics) may result in bistability between the disease-free equilibrium and an endemic equilibrium. A backward bifurcation may allow the disease to persist even though its basic reproductive number is less than one. Bistability can occur only if both infected and uninfected vectors prefer uninfected hosts. Back to the model with diffusion, we show that bistability in the local dynamics may generate travelling waves with either positive or negative spreading speeds, meaning that the disease either invades or retreats into space. In the monostable case, we show that the disease spreading speed depends on the preference of uninfected vectors for infected hosts but not on the preference of infected vectors for uninfected hosts. We discuss the implications of our results for vector-borne plant diseases, which are the main source of evidence for conditional vector preferences so far.
Published: 2023

4. A sex-structured model of Wolbachia invasion to design sex-biased release strategies in Aedes spp mosquitoes populations

Author: Pierre-Alexandre Bliman, Yves Dumont, Oscar Eduardo Escobar-Lasso, Hector J. Martinez-Romero, Olga Vasilieva, Modelling and Analysis for Medical and Biological Applications (MAMBA), Inria de Paris, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Jacques-Louis Lions (LJLL (UMR_7598)), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), AMAP Lab [Saint-Pierre - La réunion], Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics [Pretoria], University of Pretoria [South Africa], Universidad del Valle [Cali] (Univalle), E. Escobar, Hector J. Martinez, and Olga Vasilieva acknowledge financial support from the National Fund for Science, Technology, and Innovation (Autonomous Heritage Fund Francisco José de Caldas) by way of the Research Program No. 1106-852-69523, Contract: CT FP 80740-439-2020 (Colombian Ministry of Science, Technology, and Innovation – Minciencias), Grant ID: CI-71241 (Universidad del Valle). The endorsement obtained from the STIC AmSud Program for regional cooperation (20-STIC-05 NEMBICA project) is gratefully recognized by all authors., Yves Dumont is (partially) supported by the DST/NRF SARChI Chair in Mathematical Models and Methods in Biosciences and Bioengineering at the University of Pretoria (Grant 82770). Yves Dumont acknowledges the support of DST/NRF Incentive Grant (Grant 119898) and the support of the Conseil Régional de la Réunion, the Conseil Départemental de la Réunion, the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD) and the Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD)., Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPC), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and E. Escobar, Hector J. Martinez, and Olga Vasilieva acknowledge financial support from the National Fund for Science, Technology, and Innovation (Autonomous Heritage Fund Francisco José de Caldas) by way of the Research Program No. 1106-852-69523, Contract: CT FP 80740-439-2020 (Colombian Ministry of Science, Technology, and Innovation – Minciencias), Grant ID: CI-71241 (Universidad del Valle). The endorsement obtained from the STIC AmSud Program for regional cooperation (20-STIC-05 NEMBICA project) is gratefully recognized by all authors. Yves Dumont is (partially) supported by the DST/NRF SARChI Chair in Mathematical Models and Methods in Biosciences and Bioengineering at the University of Pretoria (Grant 82770). Yves Dumont acknowledges the support of DST/NRF Incentive Grant (Grant 119898) and the support of the Conseil Régional de la Réunion, the Conseil Départemental de la Réunion, the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD) and the Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD).
Subjects: Applied Mathematics, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, Aedes spp, Male-biased releases, Population replacement, Modeling and Simulation, parasitic diseases, Numerical simulations, bacteria, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, [MATH.MATH-OC]Mathematics [math]/Optimization and Control [math.OC], Qualitative Analysis, [MATH]Mathematics [math], Sex-structured model, Wolbachia symbiont, reproductive and urinary physiology, Ordinary differential equations
Abstract: Laboratory experiments as well as some field essays have revealed that the intracellular bacterium Wolbachia, deliberately introduced in Aedes spp female mosquitoes, drastically reduces their vector competence for dengue virus and, also, other mosquito-borne viral diseases. However, female mosquitoes infected with Wolbachia still need to ingest human blood while male mosquitoes, either wild or Wolbachia-carrying, do not bite people. As such, Wolbachia-carrying females may transmit the virus to people during blood-feeding, even though with far less probability than the wild ones. Therefore, massive releases of Wolbachia-carrying females may increase both the nuisance and the epidemiological risk among human residents. With the goal of exploring in depth the practical aspects of sex-biased releases, we introduce in this paper a simple sex-structured model of Wolbachia invasion that brings forward the possibility of developing male-biased release strategies of Wolbachia-carriers leading to Wolbachia invasion. Thanks to this model, we study at length the minimal amount of mosquitoes necessary to complete this task, according to the relative sex-ratio of the released mosquitoes and the release schedule. We also pay attention to the estimate of the time needed to achieve the ultimate population replacement.
Published: 2023

5. Modeling the impact of rainfall and temperature on sterile insect control strategies in a Tropical environment

Author: Dumont, Yves, Duprez, Michel, Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM), AMAP Lab [Saint-Pierre - La réunion], Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics [Pretoria], University of Pretoria [South Africa], Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Computational Anatomy and Simulation for Medicine (MIMESIS), Inria Nancy - Grand Est, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire des sciences de l'ingénieur, de l'informatique et de l'imagerie (ICube), École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Strasbourg (INSA Strasbourg), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Les Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Strasbourg (INSA Strasbourg), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Les Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des sciences de l'ingénieur, de l'informatique et de l'imagerie (ICube), This work is partially supported by the 'SIT feasibility project against Aedes albopictus in Réunion Island', TIS 2B (2020-2022), jointly funded by the French Ministry of Health and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). YD is (partially) supported by the DST/NRF SARChI Chair in Mathematical Models and Methods in Biosciences and Bioengineering at the University of Pretoria (Grant 82770). YD acknowledges the support of DST/NRF Incentive Grant (Grant 119898). YD acknowledges the support of the Conseil Régional de la Réunion, the Conseil Départemental de la Réunion, the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD) and the Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD)., Duprez, Michel, and Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)
Subjects: Rainfall, Sterile Insect Technique, Temperature, Epidemiological risk, [MATH.MATH-OC] Mathematics [math]/Optimization and Control [math.OC], Nuisance reduction, Numerical simulation, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, Vector control, Aedes spp, Residual fertility, Optimization and Control (math.OC), FOS: Mathematics, Mathematical modeling, [INFO.INFO-MO] Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, [MATH.MATH-OC]Mathematics [math]/Optimization and Control [math.OC], Mathematics - Optimization and Control
Abstract: The sterile insect technique (SIT) is a biological control technique that can be used either to eliminate or decay a wild mosquito population under a given threshold to reduce the nuisance or the epidemiological risk. In this work, we propose a model using a differential system that takes into account the variations of rainfall and temperature over time and study their impacts on sterile males releases strategies. Our model is as simple as possible to avoid complexity while being able to capture the temporal variations of an Aedes albopictus mosquito population in a domain treated by SIT, located in R{\'e}union island. The main objective is to determine what period of the year is the most suitable to start a SIT control to minimize the duration of massive releases and the amount of sterile males to release, either to reduce the mosquito nuisance, or to reduce the epidemiological risk. Since sterilization is not 100% efficient, we also study the impact of different levels of residual fertility within the released sterile male population. Our study shows that rainfall plays a major role in the dynamics of the mosquito and the SIT control, that the best period to start a massive SIT treatment lasts from July to December, that residual fertility has to be as small as possible, and that increasing the size of the releases is not always necessarily interesting. We also highlight the importance of combining SIT with mechanical control, i.e. the removal of breeding sites, in particular when the initial mosquito population is large.
Published: 2022

6. Contrasting drought-response strategies and vulnerability to hydraulic failure in saplings of rainforest tree species

Author: Ziegler, Camille, Cochard, Hervé, Levionnois, Sébastien, Stahl, Clement, Foltzer, Louis, Gérard, Bastien, Goret, Jean-Yves, Heuret, Patrick, Maillard, Pascale, Bonal, Damien, Coste, Sabrina, Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), SILVA (SILVA), AgroParisTech-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire de Physique et Physiologie Intégratives de l’Arbre en environnement Fluctuant (PIAF), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), AMAP Lab [Saint-Pierre - La réunion], Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM), and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)
Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2022

7. Epidemiological assessment of Wolbachia-based biocontrol for reduction of dengue morbidity

Author: Vasilieva, Olga, Escobar, Oscar, Martinez, Hector, Bliman, Pierre-Alexandre, Dumont, Yves, Universidad del Valle [Cali] (Univalle), Modelling and Analysis for Medical and Biological Applications (MAMBA), Inria de Paris, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Jacques-Louis Lions (LJLL (UMR_7598)), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM), AMAP Lab [Saint-Pierre - La réunion], Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM), University of Pretoria [South Africa], Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), ECOS-Nord project (C17M01-France – CI-71089-Colombia), and 20-STIC-05 NEMBICA project
Subjects: Dengue, Population replacement, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], parasitic diseases, Epidemiological risk, Epidemiological model, [MATH]Mathematics [math], Sex-structured model, Wolbachia symbiont, reproductive and urinary physiology, Aedes spp
Abstract: International audience; Wolbachia-based biological control has recently emerged as an ecologically friendly and potentially cost-effective method for prevention and control of dengue and other arboviral infections. When deliberately infected withWolbachia, major vector species, such as Aedes aegypti females, lose their vectorial competence and become less capable of transmitting the virus to humans. Thus, Wolbachia-based biocontrol aims to replace wild vectors (fully capable of transmitting arboviral infections) by Wolbachia-carrying insects that bear a reduced transmission capacity. The population replacement can be achieved by releasing mosquitoes that were transinfected with Wolbachia during the process of mass-rearing.In this presentation, we propose a sex-structured model describing the dynamics of two sup-populations of adult mosquitoes: the wild insects (males and females that are Wolbachia- free), and those deliberately infected with Wolbachia. This model is biologically viable, well-posed, and reflects the two significant features of Wolbachia: maternal transmission and cytoplasmic incompatibility. The model also exhibits bistability that agrees with the principle of competitive exclusion.Using this mosquito population dynamics model, we further construct a dengue transmission system of SEIR-SEI type to perform an epidemiological assessment of Wolbachia-based control for prevention of dengue morbidity. As an example, we simulate this type of preventive control applied to Cali, a sizeable Colombian city commonly considered a hyperendemic area regarding dengue morbidity.
Published: 2022

8. Butene Emissions From Coastal Ecosystems May Contribute to New Particle Formation

Author: Giorio, Chiara, Doussin, Jean‐François, D’Anna, Barbara, Mas, Sébastien, Filippi, Daniele, Denjean, Cyrielle, Mallet, Marc Daniel, Bourrianne, Thierry, Burnet, Frédéric, Cazaunau, Mathieu, Chikwililwa, Chibo, Desboeufs, Karine, Feron, Anaïs, Michoud, Vincent, Namwoonde, Andreas, Andreae, Meinrat O, Piketh, Stuart J, Formenti, Paola, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Laboratoire Chimie de l'environnement (LCE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire de REcherche Méditerranéen de l'Environnement (OSU OREME), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Giorio, Chiara [0000-0001-7821-7398], Doussin, Jean‐François [0000-0002-8042-7228], D’Anna, Barbara [0000-0003-1985-229X], Denjean, Cyrielle [0000-0001-5559-5732], Mallet, Marc Daniel [0000-0003-2749-8833], Cazaunau, Mathieu [0000-0003-4024-8978], Namwoonde, Andreas [0000-0003-1209-2574], Andreae, Meinrat O [0000-0003-1968-7925], Formenti, Paola [0000-0002-0372-1351], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Giorio, C [0000-0001-7821-7398], Doussin, JF [0000-0002-8042-7228], D’Anna, B [0000-0003-1985-229X], Denjean, C [0000-0001-5559-5732], Mallet, MD [0000-0003-2749-8833], Cazaunau, M [0000-0003-4024-8978], Namwoonde, A [0000-0003-1209-2574], Andreae, MO [0000-0003-1968-7925], and Formenti, P [0000-0002-0372-1351]
Subjects: 13 Climate Action, Geophysics, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, 3701 Atmospheric Sciences, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, 37 Earth Sciences, 41 Environmental Sciences
Abstract: International audience; Marine ecosystems are important drivers of the global climate system. They emit volatile species into the atmosphere, involved in complex reaction cycles that influence the lifetime of greenhouse gases. Sea spray and marine biogenic aerosols affect Earth's climate by scattering solar radiation and controlling cloud microphysical properties. Here we show larger than expected marine biogenic emissions of butenes, three orders of magnitude higher than dimethyl sulfide, produced by the coastal part of the Benguela upwelling system, one of the most productive marine ecosystems in the world. We show that these emissions may contribute to new particle formation in the atmosphere within the marine boundary layer through production of Criegee intermediates that oxidize SO2 to H2SO4. Butene emissions from the marine biota may affect air quality and climate through ozone, secondary organic aerosol, and cloud condensation nuclei formation even in pristine regions of the world. Our results indicate a potentially important role of butene emissions in marine particle formation that requires investigation in other regions.
Published: 2022

9. Robust control strategy by the Sterile Insect Technique for reducing epidemiological risk in presence of vector migration

Author: Pierre-Alexandre Bliman, Yves Dumont, Modelling and Analysis for Medical and Biological Applications (MAMBA), Inria de Paris, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Jacques-Louis Lions (LJLL (UMR_7598)), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM), AMAP Lab [Saint-Pierre - La réunion], Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics [Pretoria], University of Pretoria [South Africa], and This work is partially supported by the 'SIT feasibility project against Aedes albopictus in Reunion Island', TIS 2B (2020-2022), jointly funded by the French Ministry of Health and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). YD is (partially) supported by the DST/NRF SARChI Chair in Mathematical Models and Methods in Biosciences and Bioengineering at the University of Pretoria (Grant 82770). YD acknowledges the support of DST/NRF Incentive Grant (Grant 119898). PAB and YD acknowledge the support of the Franco-Columbian program ECOS-Nord (project C17M01), and of the program STIC AmSud (project 20-STIC-05 - NEMBICA). YD acknowledges the support of the Conseil Régional de la Réunion, the Conseil Départemental de la Réunion, the European Agricultural Fund for Rural De-velopment (EAFRD) and the Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD).
Subjects: Male, Statistics and Probability, Insecta, Mosquito Control, Mosquito Vectors, Organisme nuisible migrateur, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Méthode de lutte, Aedes, Animals, Humans, Infertility, Male, Migration rates, General Immunology and Microbiology, U10 - Informatique, mathématiques et statistiques, Zika Virus Infection, Applied Mathematics, Sterile Insect Technique, Lâcher d'insectes stériles, Migration animale, Modèle de simulation, Zika Virus, General Medicine, Épidémiologie, Vecteur de maladie, Periodic impulsive control, Modeling and Simulation, Female, Critical release rate, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, [MATH.MATH-OC]Mathematics [math]/Optimization and Control [math.OC], General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, L72 - Organismes nuisibles des animaux, Open-loop and closedloop control
Abstract: International audience; The Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) is a promising technique to control mosquitoes, vectors of diseases, like dengue, chikungunya or Zika. However, its application in the field is not easy, and its success hinges upon several constraints, one of them being that the treated area must be sufficiently isolated to limit migration or re-invasion by mosquitoes from the outside. In this manuscript we study the impact of males and (fertile) females migration on SIT. We show that a critical release rate for sterile males exists for every migration level, in the context of continuous or periodic releases. In particular, when (fertile) females migration is sufficiently low, then SIT can be conducted successfully using either open-loop control or closed-loop control (or a combination of both methods) when regular measurements of the wild population are completed. Numerical simulations to illustrate our theoretical results are presented and discussed. Finally, we derive a threshold value for the females migration rate, when viruses are circulating, under which it is possible to lower the epidemiological risk in the treated area, according to the size of the human population.
Published: 2022

10. Carotenoid absorption in rats fed with vacuum-fried papaya chips depends on processed food microstructure associated with saturated and unsaturated oils

Author: Patrick Poucheret, Geneviève Conejero, Karine Portet, Fabrice Vaillant, Marvin Soto, Claudie Dhuique-Mayer, Adrien Servent, Démarche intégrée pour l'obtention d'aliments de qualité (UMR QualiSud), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Plateforme d'histocytologie et d'imagerie cellulaire végétale (PHIV), Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes (BPMP), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Qualisud - Pôle de La Réunion (Qualisud Réunion ), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro
Subjects: Vacuum, 030309 nutrition & dietetics, Bioconversion, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Absorption (skin), 7. Clean energy, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0404 agricultural biotechnology, Lycopene, medicine, Animals, Vacuum frying, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Food science, Rats, Wistar, Food microstructure, Q04 - Composition des produits alimentaires, Carotenoid, 2. Zero hunger, chemistry.chemical_classification, 0303 health sciences, medicine.diagnostic_test, Carica, business.industry, food and beverages, Q01 - Sciences et technologies alimentaires - Considérations générales, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Microstructure, Carotenoids, 040401 food science, Unsaturated Oils, Fats, Unsaturated, Rats, Lipid profile, Wistar rats, chemistry, Food processing, Carotenoid bioconversion, business, Food Science
Abstract: International audience; Many studies indicate that food matrix microstructure and type of dietary oil or fat play a key role in carotenoid absorption. Therefore, this work was designed to highlight the relationship between processed food microstructure and carotenoid absorption. This study aimed to evaluate the consumption of a carotenoid-rich fruit snack on lipid profile, glycemia and especially on carotenoid absorption/bioconversion in Wistar rats. Animals were fed with mixtures based on vacuum-fried papaya chips with either soy oil (PC-S) or palm oil (PC-P) during 7 days, receiving 0.29 mg lycopene/kg/day and 0.35 mg total carotenoids/kg/day. Lycopene and retinoids were analyzed in plasma and liver of rats by HPLC-DAD. Results showed that the consumption of mixtures based on papaya chips did not affect the lipid profile or glycemia in rat plasma, regardless the type of oil. Wide-field and confocal microscopy analyses of food matrix helped to understand why lycopene accumulation in the liver was higher (p
Published: 2021

11. Photoperiod-dependent transcriptional modifications in key metabolic pathways in Coffea arabica

Author: Djerrab, Doâa, Bertrand, Benoît, Breitler, Jean-Christophe, Léran, Sophie, Dechamp, Eveline, Campa, Claudine, Barrachina, Célia, Conejero, Geneviève, Etienne, Hervé, Sulpice, Ronan, UMR - Interactions Plantes Microorganismes Environnement (UMR IPME), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Diversité, adaptation, développement des plantes (UMR DIADE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle - Montpellier GenomiX (IGF MGX), Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes (BPMP), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Plateforme d'histocytologie et d'imagerie cellulaire végétale (PHIV), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), National University of Ireland [Galway] (NUI Galway), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Plant Health Institute of Montpellier (UMR PHIM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-BioCampus (BCM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, and Baracco, Chantal
Subjects: Arn messager, Arabidopsis thaliana, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Photoperiod, F60 - Physiologie et biochimie végétale, coffee, Arabidopsis, Coffea, Genes, Plant, F30 - Génétique et amélioration des plantes, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Expression des gènes, [SDV.BV] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Photopériodicité, AcademicSubjects/SCI01210, food and beverages, Coffea arabica, rhythmic genes, Rythme circadien, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], core clock, transcriptome, Metabolic Networks and Pathways, Research Paper
Abstract: Photoperiod length induces in temperate plants major changes in growth rates, morphology and metabolism with, for example, modifications in the partitioning of photosynthates to avoid starvation at the end of long nights. However, this has never been studied for a tropical perennial species adapted to grow in a natural photoperiod close to 12 h/12 h all year long. We grew Coffea arabica L., an understorey perennial evergreen tropical species in its natural 12 h/12 h and in a short 8 h/16 h photoperiod, and we investigated its responses at the physiological, metabolic and transcriptomic levels. The expression pattern of rhythmic genes, including core clock genes, was affected by changes in photoperiod. Overall, we identified 2859 rhythmic genes, of which 89% were also rhythmic in Arabidopsis thaliana L. Under short-days, plant growth was reduced, and leaves were thinner with lower chlorophyll content. In addition, secondary metabolism was also affected with chlorogenic acid and epicatechin levels decreasing, and in agreement, the genes involved in lignin synthesis were overexpressed and those involved in the flavanol pathway were underexpressed. Our results show that the 8 h/16 h photoperiod induces drastic changes in morphology, metabolites and gene expression, and the responses for gene expression are similar to those observed in the temperate annual A. thaliana species. Short photoperiod induces drastic changes in gene expression, metabolites and leaf structure, some of these responses being similar to those observed in A. thaliana.
Published: 2021

12. Transcriptome profiling of laser-captured crown root primordia reveals new pathways activated during early stages of crown root formation in rice

Author: Jérémy Lavarenne, Mathieu Gonin, Antony Champion, Marie Javelle, Hélène Adam, Jacques Rouster, Geneviève Conejéro, Marc Lartaud, Jean-Luc Verdeil, Laurent Laplaze, Christophe Sallaud, Mikael Lucas, Pascal Gantet, Diversité, adaptation, développement des plantes (UMR DIADE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Limagrain Centre de Recherche – Route d’Ennezat – 63720 Chappes, France, Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Plateforme d'histocytologie et d'imagerie cellulaire végétale (PHIV), Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes (BPMP), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), CIFRE fellowship from the Association Nationale de la Recherche Technologique, France (2015/0195), CGIAR, Limagrain, ANR-10-LABX-0001,AGRO,Agricultural Sciences for sustainable Development(2010), ANR-17-CE20-0028,MASTEROOT,Détermination de gènes régulateurs maîtres du développement des racines coronaires pour l'ingénierie de la tolérance au déficit hydrique des céréales.(2017), ANR-10-INBS-0004,France-BioImaging,Développment d'une infrastructure française distribuée coordonnée(2010), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro
Subjects: Transcription, Genetic, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], génomique fonctionnelle, Gene Expression, F62 - Physiologie végétale - Croissance et développement, Plant Science, Plant Roots, Biochemistry, F30 - Génétique et amélioration des plantes, Système racinaire, Plant Growth Regulators, Cell Wall, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Expression des gènes, Plant Proteins, Plant Anatomy, phytogénétique, Eukaryota, Genomics, Plants, Experimental Organism Systems, Optical Equipment, Medicine, Engineering and Technology, Transcriptome Analysis, Research Article, Science, Arabidopsis Thaliana, Equipment, Oryza sativa, Brassica, Research and Analysis Methods, Model Organisms, stomatognathic system, Plant and Algal Models, DNA-binding proteins, Genetics, Gene Regulation, Grasses, Stade de développement végétal, Lasers, Gene Expression Profiling, Organisms, Biology and Life Sciences, Computational Biology, Proteins, Oryza, Genome Analysis, Regulatory Proteins, Lateral Roots, Animal Studies, Rice, Transcriptome, Transcription Factors
Abstract: International audience; Crown roots constitute the main part of the rice root system. Several key genes involved in crown root initiation and development have been identified by functional genomics approaches. Nevertheless, these approaches are impaired by functional redundancy and mutant lethality. To overcome these limitations, organ targeted transcriptome analysis can help to identify genes involved in crown root formation and early development. In this study, we generated an atlas of genes expressed in developing crown root primordia in comparison with adjacent stem cortical tissue at three different developmental stages before emergence, using laser capture microdissection. We identified 3975 genes differentially expressed in crown root primordia. About 30% of them were expressed at the three developmental stages, whereas 10.5%, 19.5% and 12.8% were specifically expressed at the early, intermediate and late stages, respectively. Sorting them by functional ontology highlighted an active transcriptional switch during the process of crown root primordia formation. Crossanalysis with other rice root development-related datasets revealed genes encoding transcription factors, chromatin remodeling factors, peptide growth factors, and cell wall remodeling enzymes that are likely to play a key role during crown root primordia formation. This atlas constitutes an open primary data resource for further studies on the regulation of crown root initiation and development.
Published: 2020

13. A plasma membrane nanoplatform ensures signal specificity during osmotic signaling in plants

Author: Yvon Jaillais, Xavier Dumont, Philippe Nacry, V. Bayle, Matthieu Pierre Platre, Jean-Bernard Fiche, C. Francis, Marija Smokvarska, Christophe Maurel, Carine Alcon, Marcelo Nollmann, Alexandre Martinière, Baracco, Chantal, Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes (BPMP), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Reproduction et développement des plantes (RDP), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre de Biochimie Structurale [Montpellier] (CBS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Plateforme d'histocytologie et d'imagerie cellulaire végétale (PHIV), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, chemistry.chemical_classification, 0303 health sciences, Reactive oxygen species, NADPH oxidase, Osmotic concentration, biology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Cell, GTPase, Stimulus (physiology), 01 natural sciences, Cell biology, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], 03 medical and health sciences, medicine.anatomical_structure, chemistry, Auxin, Second messenger system, medicine, biology.protein, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, [SDV.BV] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, 030304 developmental biology, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: In the course of their growth and development plants have to constantly perceive and react to their environment. This is achieved in cells, by the coordination of complex combinatorial signaling networks. However, how signal integration and specificity are achieved in this context is unknown. With a focus on the hyperosmotic stimulus, we use live super-resolution light imaging methods to demonstrate that a Rho GTPase, Rho-of-Plant 6 (ROP6), forms stimuli-dependant nanodomains within the PM. These nanodomains are necessary and sufficient to transduce production of reactive oxygen species (ROS),that act as secondary messengers and trigger several plant adaptive responses to osmotic constraints. Furthermore, ROP6 activation triggers the nanoclustering of two NADPH oxidases that subsequently generates ROS. ROP6 nanoclustering is also needed for cell surface auxin signaling, but short-time auxin treatment does not induce ROS accumulation. We show that auxin-induced ROP6 nanodomains, unlike osmotically-driven ROP6 clusters, do not recruit the NADPH oxidase, RBOHD. Together, our results suggest that Rho GTPase nano-partitioning at the PM ensure signal specificity downstream of independent stimuli.
Published: 2020

14. FT-GPI, a highly sensitive and accurate predictor of GPI-anchored proteins, reveals the composition and evolution of the GPI proteome in Plasmodium species

Author: Lena M. Sauer, Rodrigo Canovas, Daniel Roche, Hosam Shams-Eldin, Patrice Ravel, Jacques Colinge, Ralph T. Schwarz, Choukri Ben Mamoun, Eric Rivals, Emmanuel Cornillot, Institut de Biologie Computationnelle (IBC), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Institute for Virology [Marburg], Philipps Universität Marburg = Philipps University of Marburg, Méthodes et Algorithmes pour la Bioinformatique (MAB), Laboratoire d'Informatique de Robotique et de Microélectronique de Montpellier (LIRMM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM - U1194 Inserm - UM), CRLCC Val d'Aurelle - Paul Lamarque-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), and Yale School of Medicine [New Haven, Connecticut] (YSM)
Subjects: GPI-proteome, GPI-anchored protein, Infectious Diseases, FT-GPI, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax, Parasitology, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology
Abstract: Background Protozoan parasites are known to attach specific and diverse group of proteins to their plasma membrane via a GPI anchor. In malaria parasites, GPI-anchored proteins (GPI-APs) have been shown to play an important role in host–pathogen interactions and a key function in host cell invasion and immune evasion. Because of their immunogenic properties, some of these proteins have been considered as malaria vaccine candidates. However, identification of all possible GPI-APs encoded by these parasites remains challenging due to their sequence diversity and limitations of the tools used for their characterization. Methods The FT-GPI software was developed to detect GPI-APs based on the presence of a hydrophobic helix at both ends of the premature peptide. FT-GPI was implemented in C ++and applied to study the GPI-proteome of 46 isolates of the order Haemosporida. Using the GPI proteome of Plasmodium falciparum strain 3D7 and Plasmodium vivax strain Sal-1, a heuristic method was defined to select the most sensitive and specific FT-GPI software parameters. Results FT-GPI enabled revision of the GPI-proteome of P. falciparum and P. vivax, including the identification of novel GPI-APs. Orthology- and synteny-based analyses showed that 19 of the 37 GPI-APs found in the order Haemosporida are conserved among Plasmodium species. Our analyses suggest that gene duplication and deletion events may have contributed significantly to the evolution of the GPI proteome, and its composition correlates with speciation. Conclusion FT-GPI-based prediction is a useful tool for mining GPI-APs and gaining further insights into their evolution and sequence diversity. This resource may also help identify new protein candidates for the development of vaccines for malaria and other parasitic diseases.
Published: 2023

15. Human appropriation of net primary production as driver of change in landscape‐scale vertebrate richness

Author: Karina Reiter, Christoph Plutzar, Dietmar Moser, Philipp Semenchuk, Karl‐Heinz Erb, Franz Essl, Andreas Gattringer, Helmut Haberl, Fridolin Krausmann, Bernd Lenzner, Johannes Wessely, Sarah Matej, Robin Pouteau, Stefan Dullinger, University of Vienna [Vienna], Universität für Bodenkultur Wien = University of Natural Resources and Life [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)
Subjects: Net primary production, Human appropriation, Global and Planetary Change, Ecology, Biodiversity loss, Land use, Species–energy relationship, Extinction, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Species richness, Threatened species
Abstract: International audience; Aim: Land use is the most pervasive driver of biodiversity loss. Predicting its impact on species richness (SR) is often based on indicators of habitat loss. However, the degradation of habitats, especially through land-use intensification, also affects species. Here, we evaluate whether an integrative metric of land-use intensity, the human appropriation of net primary production, is correlated with the decline of SR in used landscapes across the globe. Location Global. Time period Present. Major taxa studied Birds, mammals and amphibians. Methods: Based on species range maps (spatial resolution: 20 km × 20 km) and an area-of-habitat approach, we calibrated a “species–energy model” by correlating the SR of three groups of vertebrates with net primary production and biogeographical covariables in “wilderness” areas (i.e., those where available energy is assumed to be still at pristine levels). We used this model to project the difference between pristine SR and the SR corresponding to the energy remaining in used landscapes (i.e., SR loss expected owing to human energy extraction outside wilderness areas). We validated the projected species loss by comparison with the realized and impending loss reconstructed from habitat conversion and documented by national Red Lists. Results Species–energy models largely explained landscape-scale variation of mapped SR in wilderness areas (adjusted R2-values: 0.79–0.93). Model-based projections of SR loss were lower, on average, than reconstructed and documented ones, but the spatial patterns were correlated significantly, with stronger correlation in mammals (Pearson's r = 0.68) than in amphibians (r = 0.60) and birds (r = 0.57). Main conclusions: Our results suggest that the human appropriation of net primary production is a useful indicator of heterotrophic species loss in used landscapes, hence we recommend its inclusion in models based on species–area relationships to improve predictions of land-use-driven biodiversity loss.
Published: 2023

16. Architecture and yield relationship in hazelnut tree

Author: Grisafi, Francesca, Farinelli, Daniela, Costes, Evelyne, Boudon, Frédéric, Durand, Jean-Baptiste, Tombesi, S., Università cattolica del Sacro Cuore = Catholic University of the Sacred Heart [Roma] (Unicatt), Università degli Studi di Perugia = University of Perugia (UNIPG), Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Serra, S., and Lauri, P.-É.
Subjects: Nut, Branching, Shoot length, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Horticulture, Corylus avellana, [SDV.SA.HORT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Horticulture, Hazel
Abstract: International audience; Yield reduction over the years is a phenomenon that affects many fruit tree species, including hazel (Corylus avellana). Studying plant architecture could provide useful information for improving crop management, such as pruning, to reduce the impact of yield reductions. This study aimed to compare the relationship between bud composition and shoot length in hazel shoots. The experiment was carried out in January 2020 and 2021 in Deruta, Perugia (Italy). In 2020, 120 1-year-old shoots of C. avellana 'Tonda di Giffoni' were sampled. In 2021, the same observations were performed on lateral and apical 1-year-old shoots that had burst from parental buds in spring 2020. Depending on its length, each shoot was sorted into four categories: short (Sh) when shorter than 5 cm, medium (Me) when between 5 and 20 cm, long (Lo) when between 20 and 40 cm, and very long (VLo) when longer than 40 cm. For each shoot, shoot length, axillary and apical bud fate was recorded at each node: vegetative bud, latent bud, catkin, and mixed bud (V, B, C, and M, respectively). Percentage of lateral mixed buds was higher in longer shoots than in shorter ones while that of vegetative buds remained constant whatever the length. Fruit set, computed as the ratio between the number of nuts and the number of mixed buds, was significantly higher in Lo and VLo shoots. It was observed that the length of lateral proleptic shoots, developed in 2021, was related to the length of the bearer shoot from which it was developed. Proleptic lateral Sh shoots were the most frequent among all length categories while longer proleptic shoots (Lo and VLo) were originated only from Lo and VLo shoots. Managing tree architecture, considering a good balance between long and short shoots, and mixed and vegetative buds, could help control and prevent yield decrease in hazelnut trees.
Published: 2023

17. Preventive nutritional supplementation with furan fatty acid in a DIO mouse model increases muscle mass and reduces metabolic disorders

Author: Laetitia Dore, Erwann Durand, Béatrice Bonafos, Jatuporn Chaiyut, Laurent Vaysse, Siriluck Liengprayoon, Sylvie Gaillet, Laurence Pessemesse, Karen Lambert, Christelle Bertrand-Gaday, Charles Coudray, Ariane Sultan, François Casas, Christine Feillet-Coudray, Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme (DMEM), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Démarche intégrée pour l'obtention d'aliments de qualité (UMR QualiSud), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Kasetsart University (KU), BioWooEB (UPR BioWooEB), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Physiologie & médecine expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles [U 1046] (PhyMedExp), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), and This work was supported by the French National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), by the French Lipid Nutrition Group and by the by the Key Initiative Food & Health of MUSE (Montpellier University of Excellence). Laetitia Dore was funded by Agence Régionale de Santé Occitanie.
Subjects: Pharmacology, Liver, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Furan fatty acids, Skeletal muscle, General Medicine, Obesity, Insulin sensitivity, Mitochondria
Abstract: International audience; The increase in obesity has become a major global health problem and is associated with numerous metabolic dysfunctions. Furan fatty acids (FuFAs) are minor lipids present in our diet. Recently we showed that FuFA-F2 extracted from Hevea brasiliensis latex stimulates muscle anabolism in mice in vitro and in vivo, mimicking in part physical activity. While skeletal muscle is essential for energy metabolism and is the predominant site of insulin-mediated glucose uptake in the post prandial state, our results suggested that FuFA-F2 could have favorable effects against obesity. The aim of this work was therefore to study whether a preventive nutritional supplementation with FuFA-F2 (40 mg or 110 mg/day/kg of body weight) in a diet-induced obesity (DIO) mouse model may have beneficial effects against obesity and liver and skeletal muscle metabolic dysfunction. We showed that 12 weeks of FuFA-F2 supplementation in DIO mice decreased fat mass, increased lean mass and restored normal energy expenditure. In addition, we found that FuFA-F2 improved insulin sensitivity. We revealed that FuFA-F2 increased muscle mass but had no effect on mitochondrial function and oxidative stress in skeletal muscle. Furthermore, we observed that FuFA-F2 supplementation reduced liver steatosis without impact on mitochondrial function and oxidative stress in liver. Our findings demonstrated for the first time that a preventive nutritional supplementation with a furan fatty acid in DIO mice reduced metabolic disorders and was able to mimic partly the positive effects of physical activity. This study highlights that nutritional FuFA-F2 supplementation could be an effective approach to treat obesity and metabolic syndrome.
Published: 2023

18. The GeoLifeCLEF 2023 Dataset to evaluate plant species distribution models at high spatial resolution across Europe

Author: Botella, Christophe, Benjamin, Deneu, Diego Gonzalez, Marcos, Maximilien, Servajean, Théo, Larcher, Joaquim, Estopinan, César, Leblanc, Bonnet, Pierre, Joly, Alexis, Scientific Data Management (ZENITH), Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire d'Informatique de Robotique et de Microélectronique de Montpellier (LIRMM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), ADVanced Analytics for data SciencE (ADVANSE), Laboratoire d'Informatique de Robotique et de Microélectronique de Montpellier (LIRMM), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), European Project: 101060693,GUARDEN, and European Project: 101060639,MAMBO
Subjects: Europe, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Presence-only, [STAT.ML]Statistics [stat]/Machine Learning [stat.ML], SDM, Deep SDM, prediction, [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, Remote sensing, Presence-absence, Species distribution, species assemblages, biodiversity
Abstract: The full dataset is freely available at the link below (perennial repository) for academic use or other non-commercial use: https://lab.plantnet.org/seafile/d/936fe4298a5a4f4c8dbd/; The difficulty to measure or predict species community composition at fine spatio-temporal resolution and over large spatial scales severely hampers our ability to understand species assemblages and take appropriate conservation measures. Despite the progress in species distribution modeling (SDM) over the past decades, SDM are just beginning to integrate high resolution remote sensing data and their predictions are still entailed by the many biases and heterogeneous quality of the available biodiversity observations, most often opportunistic presence only data. We designed a European scale dataset covering around 10K plant species to calibrate and evaluate SDM predictions of species composition in space and time at high spatial resolution (~10m), and study their spatial transferability. For model training, we extracted and harmonized 5 million heterogeneous presence-only observations from selected GBIF datasets and 5 thousand exhaustive presence-absence surveys both sampled during the 2017-2021. We associated them to various environmental rasters classically used in SDMs, as well as to 10x10m resolution RGB and Near-Infra-Red satellite images and 20 years-time series of climatic variables and satellite point values. The evaluation dataset is based on 20K standardized presence-absence surveys separated from the training set with a spatial block hold out procedure. The GeoLifeCLEF 2023 dataset is open access and the first benchmark for researchers aiming to improve the prediction of plant species composition at a very fine spatial grain and at continental scale. It is also a space to explore new ways of combining massive and diverse species observations with environmental information at various scales. Innovative AI-based approaches, in particular, should be among the most interesting methods to experiment with on the GeoLifeCLEF 2023 dataset.
Published: 2023

19. The GeoLifeCLEF 2023 Dataset to evaluate plant species distribution models at high spatial resolution across Europe

Author: Botella, Christophe, Deneu, Benjamin, Diego Gonzalez, Marcos, Servajean, Maximilien, Larcher, Théo, Estopinan, Joaquim, Leblanc, César, Bonnet, Pierre, Joly, Alexis, Scientific Data Management (ZENITH), Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire d'Informatique de Robotique et de Microélectronique de Montpellier (LIRMM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), ADVanced Analytics for data SciencE (ADVANSE), Laboratoire d'Informatique de Robotique et de Microélectronique de Montpellier (LIRMM), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), European Project: 101060693,GUARDEN, and European Project: 101060639,MAMBO
Subjects: Europe, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Presence-only, [STAT.ML]Statistics [stat]/Machine Learning [stat.ML], SDM, Deep SDM, prediction, [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, Remote sensing, Presence-absence, Species distribution, species assemblages, biodiversity
Abstract: The full dataset is freely available at the link below (perennial repository) for academic use or other non-commercial use: https://lab.plantnet.org/seafile/d/936fe4298a5a4f4c8dbd/; The difficulty to measure or predict species community composition at fine spatio-temporal resolution and over large spatial scales severely hampers our ability to understand species assemblages and take appropriate conservation measures. Despite the progress in species distribution modeling (SDM) over the past decades, SDM are just beginning to integrate high resolution remote sensing data and their predictions are still entailed by the many biases and heterogeneous quality of the available biodiversity observations, most often opportunistic presence only data. We designed a European scale dataset covering around 10K plant species to calibrate and evaluate SDM predictions of species composition in space and time at high spatial resolution (~10m), and study their spatial transferability. For model training, we extracted and harmonized 5 million heterogeneous presence-only observations from selected GBIF datasets and 5 thousand exhaustive presence-absence surveys both sampled during the 2017-2021. We associated them to various environmental rasters classically used in SDMs, as well as to 10x10m resolution RGB and Near-Infra-Red satellite images and 20 years-time series of climatic variables and satellite point values. The evaluation dataset is based on 20K standardized presence-absence surveys separated from the training set with a spatial block hold out procedure. The GeoLifeCLEF 2023 dataset is open access and the first benchmark for researchers aiming to improve the prediction of plant species composition at a very fine spatial grain and at continental scale. It is also a space to explore new ways of combining massive and diverse species observations with environmental information at various scales. Innovative AI-based approaches, in particular, should be among the most interesting methods to experiment with on the GeoLifeCLEF 2023 dataset.
Published: 2023

20. Spatio-temporal analysis of strawberry architecture: insights into the control of branching and inflorescence complexity

Author: Marc Labadie, Karine Guy, Marie-Noëlle Demené, Yves Caraglio, Gaetan Heidsieck, Amelia Gaston, Christophe Rothan, Yann Guédon, Christophe Pradal, Béatrice Denoyes, Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Biologie du fruit et pathologie (BFP), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Invenio, Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Scientific Data Management (ZENITH), Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire d'Informatique de Robotique et de Microélectronique de Montpellier (LIRMM), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)
Subjects: plant architecture, Physiology, OpenAlea, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], branching, multiscale tree graph, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Plant Science, Fragaria × ananassa, hidden hybrid Markov/semi-Markov chain
Abstract: Plant architecture plays a major role in flowering and therefore in crop yield. Attempts to visualize and analyse strawberry plant architecture have been few to date. Here, we developed open-source software combining two- and three-dimensional representations of plant development over time along with statistical methods to explore the variability in spatio-temporal development of plant architecture in cultivated strawberry. We applied this software to six seasonal strawberry varieties whose plants were exhaustively described monthly at the node scale. Results showed that the architectural pattern of the strawberry plant is characterized by a decrease of the module complexity between the zeroth-order module (primary crown) and higher-order modules (lateral branch crowns and extension crowns). Furthermore, for each variety, we could identify traits with a central role in determining yield, such as date of appearance and number of branches. By modeling the spatial organization of axillary meristem fate on the zeroth-order module using a hidden hybrid Markov/semi-Markov mathematical model, we further identified three zones with different probabilities of production of branch crowns, dormant buds, or stolons. This open-source software will be of value to the scientific community and breeders in studying the influence of environmental and genetic cues on strawberry architecture and yield.
Published: 2023

21. The ecological causes of functional distinctiveness in communities

Author: Munoz, François, Klausmeier, Christopher A, Gaüzère, Pierre, Kandlikar, Gaurav, Litchman, Elena, Mouquet, Nicolas, Ostling, Annette, Thuiller, Wilfried, Algar, Adam C, Auber, Arnaud, Cadotte, Marc W, Delalandre, Léo, Denelle, Pierre, Enquist, Brian J, Fortunel, Claire, Grenié, Matthias, Loiseau, Nicolas, Mahaut, Lucie, Maire, Anthony, Mouillot, David, Pimiento, Catalina, Violle, Cyrille, Kraft, Nathan J B, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Physique [Saint Martin d’Hères] (LIPhy ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Michigan State University [East Lansing], Michigan State University System, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), University of Missouri [Columbia] (Mizzou), University of Missouri System, Laboratoire Service d' Experimentations Aquacoles [Palavas les Flots] (LSEA MARBEC), MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Laboratoire Environnement de Conception & Architecture (LECA), Université Paris-Saclay-Département Systèmes et Circuits Intégrés Numériques (DSCIN), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Lakehead University, Laboratoire Ressources Halieutiques (LRH), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), University of Toronto at Scarborough, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, University of Arizona, Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM), German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Centre de Synthèse et d’Analyse sur la Biodiversité (CESAB), Fondation pour la recherche sur la Biodiversité (FRB), Laboratoire National d’Hydraulique et Environnement (EDF R&D LNHE), EDF R&D (EDF R&D), EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF), Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), University of California (UC), University of Zurich, and Munoz, François
Subjects: Ecology, source, Evolution, Community assembly, Fitness landscape, 10125 Paleontological Institute and Museum, 1105 Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 560 Fossils & prehistoric life, Behavior and Systematics, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Source-sink dynamics, sink dynamics, Coexistence, Ecological interactions, Functional traits
Abstract: International audience; Recent work has shown that evaluating functional trait distinctiveness, the average trait distance of a species to other species in a community offers promising insights into biodiversity dynamics and ecosystem functioning. However, the ecological mechanisms underlying the emergence and persistence of functionally distinct species are poorly understood. Here, we address the issue by considering a heterogeneous fitness landscape whereby functional dimensions encompass peaks representing trait combinations yielding positive population growth rates in a community. We identify four ecological cases contributing to the emergence and persistence of functionally distinct species. First, environmental heterogeneity or alternative phenotypic designs can drive positive population growth of functionally distinct species. Second, sink populations with negative population growth can deviate from local fitness peaks and be functionally distinct. Third, species found at the margin of the fitness landscape can persist but be functionally distinct. Fourth, biotic interactions (positive or negative) can dynamically alter the fitness landscape. We offer examples of these four cases and guidelines to distinguish between them. In addition to these deterministic processes, we explore how stochastic dispersal limitation can yield functional distinctiveness. Our framework offers a novel perspective on the relationship between fitness landscape heterogeneity and the functional composition of ecological assemblages.
Published: 2023

22. Dynamiques de la composition et de la structure des forêts tropicales

Author: Réjou-Méchain, M., Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Université de Montpellier (UM), FRA, and François Bretagnole, Professeur, Université de Bourgogne, Rapporteur
Subjects: Assemblage des communautés végétales, Afrique, Carbone, Structure forestière, Tropical forest, Télédétection, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Forêt tropicale, Remote sensing, Thaïlande
Abstract: Mes travaux se situent à un point de convergence entre plusieurs thématiques visant à comprendre l’organisation spatio-temporelle de la composition et de la structure des forêts tropicales. Mon travail de recherche a notamment visé à comprendre les mécanismes écologiques impliqués dans l’assemblage des communautés d’arbres tropicaux, principalement à partir de données de terrain extensives et à des échelles spatiales larges rarement traitées. J’ai également travaillé en collaboration avec diverses équipes et différents réseaux internationaux sur les stratégies de mesure de la biomasse ligneuse et sur les variations spatio-temporelles de la structure forestière sous les tropiques. En particulier, mes travaux établissent des liens entre divers outils de télédétection et des données de terrain pour suivre la structure et la composition des forêts tropicales dans le temps et dans l’espace. Actuellement, je vise à mobiliser des approches complémentaires d’expérimentation et d’observations à différentes échelles spatio-temporelles pour comprendre les conditions de réversibilité de la déforestation et de la dégradation forestière suite à des perturbations de différentes natures. Je m’intéresse notamment à la dynamique de recolonisation forestière en Thaïlande afin de comprendre les facteurs écologiques responsables d’une résilience plus ou moins rapide et vise à comprendre de manière plus générale comment la composition des communautés et leurs fonctions varie le long des gradients successionnels. Je développe également des projets en Afrique centrale sur des faciès forestiers d’apparences dégradés qui semblent correspondre à des successions dites arrêtées, voir à des états stables alternatifs, dus à l’envahissement du système par des formes de viesautres que les arbres, comme les herbacées géantes ou les lianes. Mes projets futurs s’inscrivent dans cette dynamique avec la volonté de mobiliser des outils complémentaires pour suivre la dynamique et la composition des forêts tropicales suite à des perturbations. L’ensemble de ces travaux se réalise en interaction étroite avec plusieurs instituts des Suds, avec un fort investissement dans le (co-)encadrement d’étudiants.
Published: 2023

23. The biogeography of Gabonese savannas: Evidence from termite community richness and composition

Author: Evouna Ondo, Fidèle, Jeffery, Kathryn, Whytock, Robin, Abernethy, Katharine, Couteron, Pierre, Ostle, Nicolas, Eggleton, Paul, Griffin, Claire, Koumba Pambo, Aurelie‐flore, Ngomanda, Alfred, Edzang Ndong, Josué, Parr, Catherine, Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Agence Nationale des Parcs Nationaux du Gabon (ANPN), University of Stirling, Lancaster University, The Natural History Museum [London] (NHM), Centre national de la recherche scientifique et technologique (CENAREST), and University of Liverpool
Subjects: Central Africa, Biogeography, Savanna, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, DNA barcoding, Forest, Gabon, Fire, Termites
Abstract: International audience; Aim: The mosaic of savannas that persists in the forest-dominant Congo Basin is thought to be palaeoclimatic relics, but past biogeographical processes that have formed and maintained these systems are poorly understood. Here, we explored the post-Pleistocene biogeography of Gabon's savannas using termites as biological indicators to understand historical and mechanistic factors influencing present-day termite communities in the country's extant savannas. Location Gabon, Central Africa. Taxon Blattodea: Termitoidae. Methods Using standardised transect methods, we sampled termite communities in four disjunct modern savanna areas of Gabon: the centre (Lopé), the southeast (Batéké) and the south (Mayombe North and South). Termites at Lopé were collected in three habitats (annually burned savannas, savannas with a depressed fire regime and forest). We used DNA barcoding of the COII region to identify termite species and compared abundance, species richness and community composition across areas and habitats. Results Community composition differed greatly between Lopé and both Batéké and Mayombe savannas with Lopé being exceptionally depauperate and lacking characteristic savanna species. Within Lopé, termite abundance and diversity was highest in forests and lowest in annually burned savannas, with a gradual change in species composition across the forest–savanna gradient associated with fire history. Main Conclusions The absence of savanna typical species in Lopé savannas challenges current assumptions that these savannas were linked to the south/southeastern savannas during the Pleistocene and suggests a different evolutionary history. Lopé savannas may instead have opened as an isolated grassland and never have been contiguous with neighbouring savannas, or were isolated soon after forest expansion began and have now lost savanna-typical species. Furthermore, the patterns of termite community composition in fire suppressed savannas support a hypothesis of rapid change driven by fire frequency where either fire suppression or infrequent burning over 23 years has meant savannas have become ecologically much more forest-like.
Published: 2023

24. Origine et évolution des protéines RhoGAP associées aux vésicules chez deux guêpes parasitoïdes non apparentées

Author: Colinet, Dominique, Cavigliasso, Fanny, Leobold, Matthieu, Pichon, Appoline, Urbach, Serge, Cazes, Dominique, Poullet, Marine, Belghazi, Maya, Volkoff, Anne-Nathalie, Drezen, Jean-Michel, Gatti, Jean-Luc, Poirie, Marylene, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech (ISA), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Institut de recherche sur la biologie de l'insecte UMR7261 (IRBI), Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Diversité, Génomes & Interactions Microorganismes - Insectes [Montpellier] (DGIMI), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée (IMM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Plant Health and Environment from INRAE, and ANR-11-LABX-0028,SIGNALIFE,Réseau d'Innovation sur les Voies de Signalisation en Sciences de la Vie(2011)
Subjects: RhoGAP multigene family, positive selection, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], evolution, gene duplication, venom and other secretions, parasitoids
Abstract: Animal venoms and other protein-based secretions that perform a variety of functions, from predation to defense, are highly complex cocktails of bioactive compounds. Gene duplication, accompanied by modification of the expression and/or function of one of the duplicates under the action of positive selection, followed by further duplication to produce multigene families of toxins is a well-documented process in venomous animals. This evolutionary model has been less described in parasitoid wasps, which use maternal fluids, including venom, to protect their eggs from encapsulation by the host immune system. Here, we evidence the convergent recruitment and accelerated evolution of two multigene families of RhoGAPs presumably involved in virulence in two unrelated parasitoid wasp species, Leptopilina boulardi (Figitidae) and Venturia canescens (Icheumonidae). In both species, these RhoGAPs are associated with vesicles that act as transport systems to deliver virulence factors, but are produced in different tissues: the venom gland in Leptopilina sp. and the ovarian calyx in V. canescens. We show that the gene encoding the cellular RacGAP1 is at the origin of the virulent RhoGAP families found in Leptopilina sp. and V. canescens. We also show that both RhoGAP families have undergone evolution under positive selection and that almost all of these RhoGAPs lost their GAP activity and GTPase binding ability due to mutations in key amino acids. These results suggest an accelerated evolution and functional diversification of these vesicle-associated RhoGAPs in the two phylogenetically distant parasitoid species. The potential new function(s) and the exact mechanism of action of these proteins in host cells remain to be elucidated.; Les venins d'animaux et d'autres sécrétions à base de protéines qui remplissent diverses fonctions, de la prédation à la défense, sont des cocktails très complexes de composés bioactifs. La duplication des gènes, accompagnée d'une modification de l'expression et/ou de la fonction de l'une des duplications sous l'action de la sélection positive, suivie d'une nouvelle duplication pour produire des familles multigéniques de toxines, est un processus bien documenté chez les animaux venimeux. Ce modèle évolutif a été moins décrit chez les guêpes parasitoïdes, qui utilisent les fluides maternels, y compris le venin, pour protéger leurs œufs de l'encapsulation par le système immunitaire de l'hôte. Nous démontrons ici le recrutement convergent et l'évolution accélérée de deux familles multigéniques de RhoGAPs probablement impliquées dans la virulence chez deux espèces de guêpes parasitoïdes non apparentées, Leptopilina boulardi (Figitidae) et Venturia canescens (Icheumonidae). Chez les deux espèces, ces RhoGAP sont associées à des vésicules qui agissent comme des systèmes de transport pour délivrer les facteurs de virulence, mais elles sont produites dans des tissus différents : la glande à venin chez Leptopilina sp. et le calice ovarien chez V. canescens. Nous montrons que le gène codant pour la RacGAP1 cellulaire est à l'origine des familles de RhoGAP virulentes trouvées chez Leptopilina sp. et V. canescens. Nous montrons également que les deux familles RhoGAP ont subi une évolution sous sélection positive et que presque toutes ces RhoGAP ont perdu leur activité GAP et leur capacité de liaison à la GTPase en raison de mutations dans des acides aminés clés. Ces résultats suggèrent une évolution accélérée et une diversification fonctionnelle de ces RhoGAP associées aux vésicules chez les deux espèces de parasitoïdes phylogénétiquement éloignées. Les nouvelles fonctions potentielles et le mécanisme d'action exact de ces protéines dans les cellules hôtes restent à élucider.
Published: 2023

25. Why woody plant modularity through time and space must be integrated in fire research?

Author: Marco Antonio Chiminazzo, Tristan Charles-Dominique, Davi Rodrigo Rossatto, Aline Bertolosi Bombo, Alessandra Fidelis, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho = São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)
Subjects: Miconia albicans, Shrub, Plant architecture, Savanna, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Grassy biomes, Resprouting, Climate change, Plant Science, Growth form, Fire
Abstract: Different ecosystems evolved and are maintained by fire, with their vegetation hosting species with a wide diversity of persistence strategies allowing them to insulate their body and resprout new branches after fire disturbance. Changes in fire regime are predicted due to climate change, either by promoting more frequent and/or severe fires or by reducing the number fire events due to the limitation of fuel load. Predicting the future of fire-driven ecosystems is a complex task as species’ survival depends on many factors that vary in space and time. Since plants are constantly experiencing new environments as they grow through meristem development, woody plant modularity, modules morpho-physiological aspects and their integration should be considered when investigating species strategies in fire-prone ecosystems: according to their position and their tissue composition, plants’ modules experience fire differently and will contribute differently to other modules and the whole plant survival, with consequences cascading over the overall vegetation structure. Growth modules may hold the key to understanding how fast plants can get protected from fire, ultimately helping us to predict which species will persist across changing fire regimes. We present an empirical example showing how different fire-return intervals translate into distinct pressures on the timing, protection, and location of modules and discuss how these can translate into modifications in the vegetation structure due to climate change.
Published: 2023

26. Services provided by multifunctional agroecosystems : Questions, obstacles and solutions

Author: Alexia Stokes, Géraldine Bocquého, Pascal Carrere, Raphaël Conde Salazar, Marc Deconchat, Léo Garcia, Antoine Gardarin, Christian Gary, Cédric Gaucherel, Mamadou Gueye, Mickael Hedde, Françoise Lescourret, Zhun Mao, Nicolas Quérou, Gabrielle Rudi, Jean-Michel Salles, Raphael Soubeyran, Julie Subervie, Aude Vialatte, Fabrice Vinatier, Marielle Thomas, Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Bureau d'Économie Théorique et Appliquée (BETA), AgroParisTech-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité Mixte de Recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial - UMR (UREP), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Dynamiques et écologie des paysages agriforestiers (DYNAFOR), École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse (ENSAT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Agrosystèmes Biodiversifiés (UMR ABSys), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Agronomie, AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire d'Economie de Dauphine (LEDa), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris Dauphine-PSL, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Géopolitique de l’Energie et des Matières Premières (LEDA-CGEMP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris Dauphine-PSL, Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Unité de recherche Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles (PSH), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier (CEE-M), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Gestion de l'Eau, Acteurs, Usages (UMR G-EAU), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-AgroParisTech-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Laboratoire d'étude des Interactions Sol - Agrosystème - Hydrosystème (UMR LISAH), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Unité de Recherches Animal et Fonctionnalités des Produits Animaux (URAFPA), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), We acknowledge the funding and support provided by the INRAE Metaprogram ‘Ecosystem Services’, (https://colloque.inrae.fr/metaprograms-workshops_eng/Metaprograms/EcoServ). In particular, we thank Dr Guy Richard (INRAE, France) for his dynamic leadership of this research program. AS, MZ and CG received funding from the EU Horizon Europe Programme under grant agreement number 101059498 (eco2adapt: Ecosystem-based Adaptation and Changemaking to Shape, Protect and Maintain the Resilience of Tomorrow’s Forests)., and European Project: 101059498 ,eco2adapt
Subjects: Environmental Engineering, Social-ecological system, Economics, Ecosystem services, Biodiversity, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Farm, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Model, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract: International audience; Highlights: • We investigated multifunctionality and ecosystem services in agroecosystems. • 18 research questions, obstacles and solutions were identified. • Future research must integrate knowledge from different sectors and communities. • Biodiversity is a key factor to explore and incorporate into modelling approaches. • Promoting dialogue, standardization and data-sharing would enhance progress.Abstract:Agroecosystems are facing new challenges in the context of a growing and increasingly interconnected human population, and a paradigm shift is needed to successfully address the many complex questions that these challenges will generate. The transition to providing multiple services within an agroecosystem is a starting point for heightened multifunctionality, however, there is still hesitation among stakeholders about moving towards multi-service systems, largely because of the lack of knowledge linking productivity and multifunctionality. We reason that much of this reticence could be overcome through a better understanding of stakeholder requirements and innovative transdisciplinary research extended in the dimensions of time and space. We assembled experts in France to identify priority research questions for co-constructing projects with stakeholders. We identified 18 key questions, as well as the obstacles that hinder their resolution and propose potential solutions for tackling these obstacles. We illustrate that research into agroecosystem multifunctionality and service production must be a hugely collaborative effort and needs to integrate knowledge from different sectors and communities. Promoting dialogue, standardization and data-sharing would enhance transdisciplinary progress. Biodiversity is highlighted as a key factor to explore and incorporate into modelling approaches, but major advances must be made in the understanding of dynamic changes in the biodiversity-function-service nexus across landscapes. Resolving these research questions will allow us to translate knowledge into decision objectives, identify adaptation and tipping points in agroecosystems and develop social-ecological economic pathways that are adaptive over time.
Published: 2023

27. Geographical variation in the trait‐based assembly patterns of multitrophic invertebrate communities

Author: Diane S. Srivastava, A. Andrew M. MacDonald, Valério D. Pillar, Pavel Kratina, Vanderlei J. Debastiani, Laura Melissa Guzman, Mark Kurtis Trzcinski, Olivier Dézerald, Ignacio M. Barberis, Paula M. de Omena, Gustavo Q. Romero, Fabiola Ospina‐Bautista, Nicholas A. C. Marino, Céline Leroy, Vinicius F. Farjalla, Barbara A. Richardson, Ana Z. Gonçalves, Bruno Corbara, Jana S. Petermann, Michael J. Richardson, Michael C. Melnychuk, Merlijn Jocqué, Jacqueline T. Ngai, Stanislas Talaga, Gustavo C. O. Piccoli, Guillermo Montero, Kathryn R. Kirby, Brian M. Starzomski, Régis Céréghino, University of British Columbia (UBC), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Centre de Synthèse et d’Analyse sur la Biodiversité (CESAB), Fondation pour la recherche sur la Biodiversité (FRB), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte [Natal] (UFRN), Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), Dynamique et durabilité des écosystèmes : de la source à l’océan (DECOD), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (ECOFOG), Ecole Nationale du Génie Rural, des Eaux et des Forêts (ENGREF)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad Nacional de Rosario [Santa Fe], Universidade Estadual de Campinas = University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement (LMGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), and ANR-10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010)
Subjects: [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Bromeliad invertebrates, Trait-based ecology, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, Habitat filtering, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Functional biogeography
Abstract: International audience; It has been argued that the mechanisms structuring ecological communities may be more generalizable when based on traits than on species identities. If so, patterns in the assembly of community-level traits along environmental gradients should be similar in different places in the world. Alternatively, geographical change in the species pool and regional variation in climate might result in site-specific relationships between community traits and local environments. These competing hypotheses are particularly untested for animal communities. Here we test the geographical constancy of trait-based assembly patterns using a widespread multi-trophic community: aquatic macroinvertebrates within bromeliads. We used data on 615 invertebrate taxa from 1,656 bromeliads in 26 field sites from Mexico to Argentina. We summarized invertebrate traits with four orthogonal axes, and used these trait axes to examine trait convergence and divergence assembly patterns along three environmental gradients: detrital biomass and water volume in bromeliads, and canopy cover over bromeliads. We found no overall signal of trait-based assembly patterns along any of the environmental gradients. However, individual sites did show trait convergence along detrital and water gradients, and we built predictive models to explore these site differences. Sites that showed trait convergence along detrital gradients were all north of the Northern Andes. This geographical pattern may be related to phylogeographical differences in bromeliad morphology. Bromeliads with low detritus were dominated by detritivorous collectors and filter feeders, where those with high detritus had more sclerotized and predatory invertebrates. Sites that showed the strongest trait convergence along gradients in bromeliad water were in regions with seasonal precipitation. In such sites, bromeliads with low water were dominated by soft-bodied, benthic invertebrates with simple life cycles. In less seasonal sites, traits associated with short-term desiccation resistance, such as hard exoskeletons, were more important. In summary, we show that there are strong geographical effects on the trait-based assembly patterns of this invertebrate community, driven by the biogeography of their foundational plant species as well as by regional climate. We suggest that inclusion of biogeography and climate in trait-based community ecology could help make it a truly general theory.
Published: 2022

28. Estimating forest above‐ground biomass with terrestrial laser scanning: Current status and future directions

Author: Miro Demol, Hans Verbeeck, Bert Gielen, John Armston, Andrew Burt, Mathias Disney, Laura Duncanson, Jan Hackenberg, Daniel Kükenbrink, Alvaro Lau, Pierre Ploton, Artie Sewdien, Atticus Stovall, Stéphane Momo Takoudjou, Liubov Volkova, Christopher Weston, Verginia Wortel, Kim Calders, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), University of Antwerp (UA), University of Maryland [Baltimore], Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Université de Yaoundé I, Center for Agricultural Research in Suriname (CELOS), and European Project: 757526
Subjects: Quantitative Structure Modelling, Terrestrial laser scanning, carbon, Ecological Modeling, quantitative Structure Modelling, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, allometric scaling models, Carbon, Chemistry, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Laboratory of Geo-information Science and Remote Sensing, Above-ground biomass, Allometric scaling models, Laboratorium voor Geo-informatiekunde en Remote Sensing, terrestrial laser scanning, 3D reconstruction, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, REDD+, Biology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, above-ground biomass
Abstract: International audience; Improving the global monitoring of above-ground biomass (AGB) is crucial for forest management to be effective in climate mitigation. In the last decade, methods have been developed for estimating AGB from terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) data. TLS-derived AGB estimates can address current uncertainties in allometric and Earth observation (EO) methods that quantify AGB. We assembled a global dataset of TLS scanned and consecutively destructively measured trees from a variety of forest conditions and reconstruction pipelines. The dataset comprised 391 trees from 111 species with stem diameter ranging 8.5 to 180.3 cm and AGB ranging 13.5–43,950 kg. TLS-derived AGB closely agreed with destructive values (bias 1,000 kg). More effort should go to further understanding and constraining several TLS error sources. We currently lack an objective method of evaluating point cloud quality for tree volume reconstruction, hindering the development of reconstruction algorithms and presenting a bottleneck for tracking down the error sources identified in our synthesis. Since quantifying AGB with TLS requires only a fraction of the efforts as compared to destructive harvesting, TLS-calibrated ASMs can become a powerful tool in AGB upscaling. TLS will be critical for calibrating/validating scheduled and launched remote sensing initiatives aiming at global AGB mapping.
Published: 2022

29. Monitoring vegetation dynamics with open earth observation tools: the case of fire-modulated savanna to forest transitions in Central Africa

Author: Le Bienfaiteur Takougoum Sagang, Pierre Ploton, Gaëlle Viennois, Jean-Baptiste Féret, Bonaventure Sonké, Pierre Couteron, Nicolas Barbier, University of Yaoundé [Cameroun], Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD), Institut de Recherche Agricole pour le Développement [Yaoundé] (IRAD), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Territoires, Environnement, Télédétection et Information Spatiale (UMR TETIS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), International Joint Laboratory DYCOFAC, This work was financially supported by the Nachtigal Hydropower Company (Contract n. C006C007-DES-2017) under the environmental impact study associated to the construction of a hydroelectric dam on the Sanaga river in the Centre region of Cameroon. This study is also part of the 3DForMod project (ANR-17-EGAS-0002-01) funded by the framework of the JPI FACCE ERA-GAS call under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement no. 696356). L.B.T.S. benefited from the 'Allocations de recherche pour une th`ese au Sud (ARTS)' grant program to fund research stays in France. J. B.F. acknowledges financial support from Agence Nationale de la Recherche (BioCop project-ANR-17-CE32-0001)., ANR-17-CE32-0001,BioCop,Suivi de la biodiversité tropicale avec les satellites Sentinel-2 du programme Copernicus(2017), and European Project: 3DForMod
Subjects: Aboveground biomass, Species assemblage, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, Fire, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Forest-savanna transition, Computer Science Applications, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, UAV-LiDAR, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Computers in Earth Sciences, Google Earth Engine, Engineering (miscellaneous)
Abstract: International audience; Woody encroachment and forest progression are widespread in forest-savanna transitional areas in Central Africa. Quantifying these dynamics and understanding their drivers at relevant spatial scales has long been a challenge. Recent progress in open access imagery sources with improved spatial, spectral and temporal resolution combined with cloud computing resources, and the advent of relatively cheap solutions to deploy laser sensors in the field, have transformed this domain of study. We present a study case in the Mpem & Djim National Park (MDNP), a 1,000 km2 protected area in the Centre region of Cameroon. Using open source algorithms in Google Earth Engine (GEE), we characterized vegetation dynamics and the fire regime based on Landsat multispectral imagery archive (1975–2020). Current species assemblages were estimated from Sentinel 2 imagery and the open source biodivMapR package, using spectral dissimilarity. Vegetation structure (aboveground biomass; AGB) was characterized using Unmanned Aerial vehicle (UAV) LiDAR scanning data sampled over the study area. Savanna vegetation, which was initially dominant in the MDNP, lost about 50% of its initial cover in
Published: 2022

30. Frugivory and seed dispersal in the Cerrado: Network structure and defaunation effects

Author: Rodrigo Béllo Carvalho, Yadvinder Malhi, Imma Oliveras Menor, School of Geography and the Environment [Oxford] (SoGE), University of Oxford, Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)
Subjects: Large-bodied vertebrates, Body mass, Seed dispersal networks, Savanna, Systematic literature review, Fruit size, Functional-loss, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Brazil, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract: International audience; Seed dispersal is a fundamental process that is highly threatened by the rapid decline of large-bodied frugivores worldwide. The Brazilian Cerrado, the largest savanna in the world, represents an ideal site for investigating seed dispersal because of its biodiversity, environmental challenges, and knowledge shortfalls. We performed a systematic literature review to analyze the seed dispersal network in the Cerrado and the potential impacts of the defaunation of large-bodied frugivores on it. We considered network metrics, calculated the defaunation index of the frugivore assemblage, and compared traits among different fruit-sized plants and their respective dispersers in the network. We retrieved 1565 interactions involving 193 plant species and 270 animal species. Results show that the Cerrado seed dispersal network is slightly nested and considerably modular, dominated by small- to medium-sized generalist species, such as passerines, marsupials, and mesocarnivores. Nonetheless, large-bodied frugivores like the lowland tapir have a key role in the network due to their great foraging and network integration capacity. The Cerrado frugivore assemblage is moderately defaunated, with possible effects in its interactions with large-fruited plants. The Cerrado's defaunation and functional loss of large vertebrates deserve urgent attention to further understand the impacts on seed dispersal mechanisms and ecosystem functioning.
Published: 2023

31. Weak phylogenetic and habitat effects on root trait variation of 218 Neotropical tree species

Author: Monique Weemstra, Oscar J. Valverde-Barrantes, Claire Fortunel, Erick M. Oblitas Mendoza, Eduardo M. B. Prata, Magno Vásquez Pilco, Alberto Vicentini, Jason Vleminckx, Christopher Baraloto, Florida International University [Miami] (FIU), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM), National Institute for Amazonian Research, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana [Loreto, Perou] (UNAP), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), ANR-10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010), and ANR-13-BSV7-0009,NEBEDIV,Le rôle des ennemis naturels dans la diversité béta des arbres tropicaux(2013)
Subjects: Amazon forest functional diversity phylogeny belowground traits root economics space tropical forests, Global and Planetary Change, Amazon forest, Ecology, Tropical forests, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Root economics space, Forestry, Environmental Science (miscellaneous), Functional diversity, Phylogeny, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Belowground traits
Abstract: IntroductionTropical forests harbor a large diversity of closely related tree species that can thrive across habitats. This biodiversity has been found to correspond to large functional diversity in aboveground traits, and likely also relates to belowground trait variation. Globally, root trait (co-)variation is driven by different belowground resource strategies of species, environmental variation, and phylogeny; however, these patterns mostly reflect observations from temperate biomes and remain unconfirmed in tropical trees. We examine phylogenetic and environmental effects on root trait (co-)variation of trees across habitats in an Amazonian rainforest.MethodsRoots of 218 tree species from ten dominant families were sampled across three major habitats near Manaus, Brazil. We quantified five morphological and architectural root traits to (i) investigate how they reflected different resource strategies across species, (ii) compare them between families and superorders to test phylogenetic effects, and (iii) compare them between habitats to determine environmental effects on root trait expressions and variability.ResultsRoot traits discriminated species along a tradeoff between root diameter and root branching and, secondly, due to variation in root tissue density. Our results further show weak phylogenetic effects on tropical tree root variation, for example, families from the same superorder showed large divergence in their root traits, while those from different superorders often overlapped in their root morphology and architecture. Root traits differed significantly between habitats but habitat type had only little effect on overall root trait variation.DiscussionOur work suggests that the dimensions and drivers that underlie (co-)variation in tropical root traits may differ from global patterns defined by mostly temperate datasets. Due to (a)biotic environmental differences, different root trait dimensions may underlie the belowground functional diversity in (Neo)tropical forests, and we found little evidence for the strong phylogenetic conservatism observed in root traits in temperate biomes. We highlight important avenues for future research on tropical roots in order to determine the degree of, and shifts in functional diversity belowground as communities and environments change in tropical forests.
Published: 2023

32. Thresholds for persistent leaf photochemical damage predict plant drought resilience in a tropical rainforest

Author: Claire Fortunel, Clément Stahl, Sabrina Coste, Camille Ziegler, Géraldine Derroire, Sébastien Levionnois, Isabelle Maréchaux, Damien Bonal, Bruno Hérault, Fabien H. Wagner, Lawren Sack, Jérôme Chave, Patrick Heuret, Steven Jansen, Grace John, Christine Scoffoni, Santiago Trueba, Megan K. Bartlett, Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), SILVA (SILVA), AgroParisTech-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Forêts et Sociétés (UPR Forêts et Sociétés), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Institut National Polytechnique Félix Houphouët-Boigny, University of California (UC), Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universität Ulm - Ulm University [Ulm, Allemagne], University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), California State University [Los Angeles] (CAL STATE LA), Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and ANR-10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010)
Subjects: Embolism resistance, Tropical, Drought, Photochemistry, Recovery, Physiology, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Hydraulics, Plant Science, Rehydration
Abstract: International audience; Water stress can cause declines in plant function that persist after rehydration. Recent work has defined ‘resilience’ traits characterizing leaf resistance to persistent damage from drought, but whether these traits predict resilience in whole-plant function is unknown. It is also unknown whether the coordination between resilience and ‘resistance’ – the ability to maintain function during drought – observed globally occurs within ecosystems. For eight rainforest species, we dehydrated and subsequently rehydrated leaves, and measured water stress thresholds for declines in rehydration capacity and maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm). We tested correlations with embolism resistance and dry season water potentials (ΨMD), and calculated safety margins for damage (ΨMD – thresholds) and tested correlations with drought resilience in sap flow and growth. Ψ thresholds for persistent declines in Fv/Fm, indicating resilience, were positively correlated with ΨMD and thresholds for leaf vein embolism. Safety margins for persistent declines in Fv/Fm, but not rehydration capacity, were positively correlated with drought resilience in sap flow.Correlations between resistance and resilience suggest that species' differences in performance during drought are perpetuated after drought, potentially accelerating shifts in forest composition. Resilience to photochemical damage emerged as a promising functional trait to characterize whole-plant drought resilience.
Published: 2023

33. Plants stand still but hide: Imperfect and heterogeneous detection is the rule when counting plants

Author: Jan Perret, Aurélien Besnard, Anne Charpentier, Guillaume Papuga, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Université de Montpellier (UM), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)
Subjects: Detectability, Ecology, Observer effect, Plant survey, Field methods, Plant Science, Conservation, Population monitoring, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Demography, N-mixture
Abstract: The estimation of population size and its variation across space and time largely relies on counts of individuals, generally carried out within spatial units such as quadrats or sites. Missing individuals during counting (i.e. imperfect detection) results in biased estimates of population size and trends. Imperfect detection has been shown to be the rule in animal studies, and most studies now correct for this bias by estimating detection probability. Yet this correction remains exceptional in plant studies, suggesting that most plant ecologists implicitly assume that all individuals are always detected.To assess if this assumption is valid, we conducted a field experiment to estimate individual detection probability in plant counts conducted in 1×1 m quadrats. We selected 30 herbaceous plant species along a gradient of conspicuousness at 24 sites along a gradient of habitat closure, and asked groups of observers to count individuals in 10 quadrats using three counting methods requiring progressively increasing times to complete (quick count, unlimited count and cell count). In total, 158 participants took part in the experiment, allowing an analysis of the results of 5,024 counts.Over all field sessions, no observer succeeded in detecting all the individuals in the 10 quadrats. The mean detection rate was 0.44 (ranging from 0.11 to 0.82) for the quick count, 0.59 for the unlimited count (range 0.18–0.87) and 0.74 for the cell count (range 0.46-0.94).Detection probability increased with the conspicuousness of the target species and decreased with the density of individuals and habitat closure. The observer’s experience in botany had little effect on detection probability, whereas detection was strongly affected by the time observers spent counting. Yet although the more time-consuming methods increased detection probability, none achieved perfect detection, nor did they reduce the effect on detection probability of the variables we measured.Synthesis. Our results show that detection is imperfect and highly heterogeneous when counting plants. To avoid biased estimates when assessing the size, temporal or spatial trends of plant populations, plant ecologists should use methods that estimate the detection probability of individuals rather than relying on raw counts.
Published: 2023

34. pWCP is a widely distributed and highly conserved Wolbachia plasmid in Culex pipiens and Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes worldwide

Author: Amani Ghousein, Jordan Tutagata, Hans Schrieke, Manuel Etienne, Victor Chaumeau, Sebastien Boyer, Nonito Pages, David Roiz, A. Murat Eren, Guillaume Cambray, Julie Reveillaud, Biothérapies des maladies génétiques et cancers, Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Centre de Démoustication, Conseil Général de Martinique, Shoklo Malaria Research Unit [Mae Sot, Thailand] (SMRU), Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), University of Oxford-Mahidol University [Bangkok]-Wellcome Trust-University of Oxford-Mahidol University [Bangkok]-Wellcome Trust, Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health [Oxford, UK], Nuffield Department of Medicine [Oxford, UK] (Big Data Institute), University of Oxford-University of Oxford, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes (UMR ASTRE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity at the University of Oldenburg (HIFMB), Carl Von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg = Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg (OFFIS), Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA, Centre de Biologie Structurale [Montpellier] (CBS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Diversité, Génomes & Interactions Microorganismes - Insectes [Montpellier] (DGIMI), and Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)
Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], General Medicine
Abstract: Mosquitoes represent the most important pathogen vectors and are responsible for the spread of a wide variety of poorly treatable diseases. Wolbachia are obligate intracellular bacteria that are widely distributed among arthropods and collectively represents one of the most promising solutions for vector control. In particular, Wolbachia has been shown to limit the transmission of pathogens, and to dramatically affect the reproductive behavior of their host through its phage WO. While much research has focused on deciphering and exploring the biocontrol applications of these WO-related phenotypes, the extent and potential impact of the Wolbachia mobilome remain poorly appreciated. Notably, several Wolbachia plasmids, carrying WO-like genes and Insertion Sequences (IS), thus possibly interrelated to other genetic units of the endosymbiont, have been recently discovered. Here we investigated the diversity and biogeography of the first described plasmid of Wolbachia in Culex pipiens (pWCP) in several islands and continental countries around the world—including Cambodia, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Thailand, and Mexico—together with mosquito strains from colonies that evolved for 2 to 30 years in the laboratory. We used PCR and qPCR to determine the presence and copy number of pWCP in individual mosquitoes, and highly accurate Sanger sequencing to evaluate potential variations. Together with earlier observation, our results show that pWCP is omnipresent and strikingly conserved among Wolbachia populations within mosquitoes from distant geographies and environmental conditions. These data suggest a critical role for the plasmid in Wolbachia ecology and evolution, and the potential of a great tool for further genetic dissection and possible manipulation of this endosymbiont.
Published: 2023

35. Data quality control considerations in multivariate environmental monitoring: experience of the French coastal network SOMLIT

Author: Breton, Elsa, Savoye, Nicolas, Rimmelin-maury, Peggy, Sautour, Benoit, Goberville, Eric, Lheureux, Arnaud, Cariou, Thierry, Ferreira, Sophie, Agogué, Hélène, Alliouane, Samir, Aubert, Fabien, Aubin, Sébastien, Berthebaud, Eric, Blayac, Hadrien, Blondel, Lucie, Boulart, Cedric, Bozec, Yann, Bureau, Sarah, Caillo, Arnaud, Cauvin, Arnaud, Cazes, Jean-baptiste, Chasselin, Leo, Claquin, Pascal, Conan, Pascal, Cordier, Marie-ange, Costes, Laurence, Crec’hriou, Romain, Crispi, Olivier, Crouvoisier, Muriel, David, Valérie, Del Amo, Yolanda, De Lary, Hortense, Delebecq, Gaspard, Devesa, Jeremy, Domeau, Aurélien, Durozier, Maria, Emery, Claire, Feunteun, Eric, Fauchot, Juliette, Gentilhomme, Valérie, Geslin, Sandrine, Giraud, Mélanie, Grangeré, Karine, Grégori, Gerald, Grossteffan, Emilie, Gueux, Aurore, Guillaudeau, Julien, Guillou, Gael, Harrewyn, Manon, Jolly, Orianne, Jude-lemeilleur, Florence, Labatut, Paul, Labourdette, Nathalie, Lachaussée, Nicolas, Lafont, Michel, Lagadec, Veronique, Lambert, Christophe, Lamoureux, Jezebel, Lanceleur, Laurent, Lebreton, Benoit, Lecuyer, Eric, Lemeille, David, Leredde, Yann, Leroux, Cédric, Leynaert, Aude, L’helguen, Stéphane, Liénart, Camilla, Macé, Eric, Maria, Eric, Marie, Barbara, Marie, Dominique, Mas, Sébastien, Mendes, Fabrice, Mornet, Line, Mostajir, Behzad, Mousseau, Laure, Nowaczyk, Antoine, Nunige, Sandra, Parra, René, Paulin, Thomas, Pecqueur, David, Petit, Franck, Pineau, Philippe, Raimbault, Patrick, Rigaut-jalabert, Fabienne, Salmeron, Christophe, Salter, Ian, Sauriau, Pierre-guy, Seuront, Laurent, Sultan, Emmanuelle, Valdès, Rémi, Vantrepotte, Vincent, Vidussi, Francesca, Voron, Florian, Vuillemin, Renaud, Zudaire, Laurent., Garcia, Nicole, Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences (LOG) - UMR 8187 (LOG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord]), Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (ADMM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), ESEO-GSII (GSII), ESEO-Tech, Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-École supérieure d'électronique de l'ouest [Angers] (ESEO)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-École supérieure d'électronique de l'ouest [Angers] (ESEO), Géosciences Montpellier, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Centre d'Ecologie marine expérimentale (MEDIMEER), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Gustave Eiffel-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre pour l'Aquaculture, la Pêche et l'Environnement (CAPENA), Centre de recherches en environnement côtier (CREC), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Laboratoire d'Océanographie Microbienne (LOMIC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Groupement d'intérêt public pour la réhabilitation de l'étang de Berre (GIPREB), GIPREB, Centre De Recherche et d'Enseignement sur les Systèmes Côtiers (CRESCO), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Normandie Université (NU), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMS 3113, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des sciences analytiques et de physico-chimie pour l'environnement et les materiaux (IPREM), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (AD2M), Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pluridisciplinarité au service de l’observation et de la recherche en environnement et astronomie (UMS POREA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Department of Marine Resources and Energy, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology (TUMSAT), Rhodes University, Grahamstown, Observatoire de REcherche Méditerranéen de l'Environnement (OSU OREME), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM), OSU Stations marines (STAMAR), and CNRS-INSU, SNO SOMLIT, French National Fleet (Flotte Océanographique Française, FOF)
Subjects: data quality control, inter-laboratory comparison exercises, Global and Planetary Change, [STAT.AP]Statistics [stat]/Applications [stat.AP], [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, measurement uncertainty, environmental monitoring network, Ocean Engineering, analyst performance, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, multivariate dataset, Water Science and Technology
Abstract: IntroductionWhile crucial to ensuring the production of accurate and high-quality data—and to avoid erroneous conclusions—data quality control (QC) in environmental monitoring datasets is still poorly documented.MethodsWith a focus on annual inter-laboratory comparison (ILC) exercises performed in the context of the French coastal monitoring SOMLIT network, we share here a pragmatic approach to QC, which allows the calculation of systematic and random errors, measurement uncertainty, and individual performance. After an overview of the different QC actions applied to fulfill requirements for quality and competence, we report equipment, accommodation, design of the ILC exercises, and statistical methodology specially adapted to small environmental networks (Results, Discussion, ConclusionThe examination of the temporal variations (2001–2021) in the repeatability, reproducibility, and trueness of the SOMLIT network over time confirms the essential role of ILC exercises as a tool for the continuous improvement of data quality in environmental monitoring datasets.
Published: 2023

36. Volatile organic compounds influence prey composition in Sarracenia carnivorous plants

Author: Corentin Dupont, Bruno Buatois, Jean-Marie Bessiere, Claire Villemant, Tom Hattermann, Doris Gomez, Laurence Gaume, Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM), Université de Montpellier (UM), Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), ANR-10-LABX-0004,CeMEB,Mediterranean Center for Environment and Biodiversity(2010), and ANR-16-IDEX-0006,MUSE,MUSE(2016)
Subjects: Multidisciplinary, Moths and butterflies, Ants, Pollinators, Flowering plants, Carnivorous plants, Predation, Bees, Insect plant interaction, Odor signal, Insects, Sarracenia, Benzenoids, Leaf scent, Monoterpenes, Fatty acid derivatives, Volatile organic compounds, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: Sarracenia pitcher plants display interspecific differences in prey, so far only explained by pitcher morphology. We hypothesized that pitcher odours play a role in prey composition. We first compared odour and prey compositions among Sarracenia taxa grown together, forming a kinship gradient from S. purpurea known to capture primarily ants towards S. leucophylla known to capture many flying insects: S. purpurea, S. X mitchelliana, and S. X Juthatip soper & S. X leucophylla horticultural hybrids. We then measured several pitcher traits to disentangle the contributions of morphology and odour to prey variation. The pitcher odours were as diverse as those of generalist-pollinated flowers but with notable differences among taxa, reflecting their relatedness. VOC similarity analyses revealed taxon specificities, that mirrored those revealed by prey similarity analyses. S. X leucophylla stood out by being more specialised in flying insects like bees and moths and by releasing more monoterpenes known to attract flower visitors. S. X Juthatip soper trapped as many bees but fewer moths, sesquiterpenes contributing less to its scent. Ants and Diptera were the main prey of the other two with fatty-acid-derivative-dominated scents. Quantities of the different prey groups can be inferred 98% from quantities of the odour classes and pitcher dimensions. Two syndromes were revealed: ants associated with fatty-acid-derivatives and short pitchers; flying insects associated with monoterpenes, benzenoids and tall pitchers. In S. X leucophylla, emission rate of fatty-acid-derivatives and pitcher length explained most variation in ant captures; monoterpenes and pitcher length explained most variation in bee and moth captures; monoterpenes alone explained most variation in Diptera and wasp captures. Our results suggest that odours are key factors of the diet composition of pitcher plants. They support the hypothesis of perceptual exploitation of insect biases in carnivorous plants and provide new insights into the olfactory preferences of insect groups.
Published: 2023

37. <scp> restoptr </scp> : an R package for ecological restoration planning

Author: Dimitri Justeau‐Allaire, Jeffrey O. Hanson, Guillaume Lannuzel, Philippe Vismara, Xavier Lorca, Philippe Birnbaum, Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Carleton University, New Caledonia Plant Red List Authority Endemia, Mathématiques, Informatique et STatistique pour l'Environnement et l'Agronomie (MISTEA), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Agents, Apprentissage, Contraintes (COCONUT), Laboratoire d'Informatique de Robotique et de Microélectronique de Montpellier (LIRMM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Centre Génie Industriel (CGI), IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)
Subjects: Wildlife corridors, Connectivity, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Ecology, Fragmentation, Systematic conservation planning, R package, Constraint programming, Landscape indices, Ecological restoration planning, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Nature and Landscape Conservation
Abstract: International audience; Ecological restoration is essential to curb the decline of biodiversity and ecosystems worldwide. Since the resources available for restoration are limited, restoration efforts must be cost-effective to achieve conservation outcomes. Although decision support tools are available to aid in the design of protected areas, little progress has been made to provide such tools for restoration efforts. Here, we introduce the restoptr R package, a decision support tool designed to identify priority areas for ecological restoration. It uses constraint programming – an artificial intelligence technique – to identify optimal plans given ecological and socio-economic constraints. Critically, it can identify strategic locations to enhance connectivity and reduce fragmentation across a broader landscape using complex landscape metrics. We illustrate its usage with a case study in New Caledonia. By applying this tool, we identified priority areas for restoration that could reverse forest fragmentation induced by mining activities in a specific area. We also found that relatively small investments could deliver large returns to restore connectivity. The restoptr R package is a free and open-source decision support tool available on the Comprehensive R Archive Network (https://cran.r-project.org/package=restoptr)
Published: 2023

38. High-intensity training with short and long intervals regulate cortical neurotrophic factors, apoptosis markers and chloride homeostasis in rats with stroke

Author: Nicolas Hugues, Caroline Pin-Barre, Thomas Brioche, Christophe Pellegrino, Eric Berton, Claudio Rivera, Jérôme Laurin, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement Etienne Jules Marey (ISM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée [Aix-Marseille Université] (INMED - INSERM U1249), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Montpellier (UM), Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme (DMEM), and Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)
Subjects: Behavioral Neuroscience, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]
Abstract: International audience; The optimal endurance exercise parameters remain to be defined to potentiate long-term functional recovery after stroke. We aim to assess the effects of individualized high-intensity interval training (HIIT) with either long or short intervals on neurotrophic factors and their receptors, apoptosis markers and the two-main cation-chloride cotransporters in the ipsi- and contralesional cerebral cortices in rats with cerebral ischemia. Endurance performance and sensorimotor functions were also assessed METHODS: : Rats with a 2-hour transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) performed work-matched HIIT4 (intervals: 4min) or HIIT1 (intervals: 1min) on treadmill for 2 weeks. Incremental exercises and sensorimotor tests were performed at day 1 (D1), D8, and D15 after tMCAO. Molecular analyses were achieved in both the paretic and non-paretic triceps brachii muscles and the ipsi- and contralesional cortices at D17 RESULTS: : Gains in endurance performance are in a time-dependent manner from the first week of training. This enhancement is supported by the upregulation of metabolic markers in both triceps brachii muscles. Both regimens alter the expression of neurotrophic markers and chloride homeostasis in a specific manner in the ipsi- and contralesional cortices. HIIT acts on apoptosis markers by promoting anti-apoptotic proteins in the ipsilesional cortex CONCLUSION: : HIIT regimens seem to be of clinical relevance in the critical period of stroke rehabilitation by strongly improving aerobic performance. Also, the observed cortical changes suggest an influence of HIIT on neuroplasticity in both ipsi- and contralesional hemispheres. Such neurotrophic markers might be considered as biomarkers of functional recovery in individuals with stroke.
Published: 2023

39. A pioneer morphological and genetic study of the intertidal fauna of the Gerlache Strait (Antarctic Peninsula)

Author: Quentin Jossart, David Bauman, Camille VE Moreau, Thomas Saucède, Henrik Christiansen, Madeleine J. Brasier, Peter Convey, Rachel Downey, Blanca Figuerola, Patrick Martin, Jon Norenburg, Sebastian Rosenfeld, Marie Verheye, Bruno Danis, Laboratoire de Biologie Marine (LBM), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Marine Biology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford, Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Genomics, Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Greenland Institute of Natural Resources (GINR), Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies [Hobart] (IMAS), University of Tasmania [Hobart, Australia] (UTAS), British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Department of Zoology [University of Johannesburg], University of Johannesburg [South Africa] (UJ), Millenium Institute Biodiversity of Antarctic and Subantarctic Ecosystems, Fenner School of Environment & Society, Australian National University (ANU), Institute of Marine Sciences / Institut de Ciències del Mar [Barcelona] (ICM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS), Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History (NMNH), Laboratorio de Ecosistemas Marinos Antárticos y Subantárticos, Universidad de Magallanes (UMAG), Centro de Investigación Gaia-Antártica, Laboratory of Trophic and Isotopes Ecology, Université de Liège, Tolerance in the Southern Ocean’ project (RECTO, BR/154/A1/RECTO) funded by the ‘Belgian Science Policy Office’ (BELSPO). This is contribution no. 28 to the RECTOproject. The B121 expedition was funded by the Federation Wallonia-Brussels, the Fund for Scientific Research (FNRS), the Research Foundation – Flanders (FWO), the Leopold 3Fund for the exploration and conservation of Nature and the Royal Belgian Society for Zoology. David Bauman was funded by the Belgian American Educational Foundation (BAEF) and the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreementNo. 895799. Henrik Christiansen was funded by the BELSPOproject COPE (B2/191/P1/COPE). Blanca Figuerola receivedfunding from the Beatriu de Pinós program (2019-BP-00183),funded by the Secretary of Universities and Research (Governmentof Catalonia) and the European Union’s Horizon 2020program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreementNo. 801370. Peter Convey was supported by NERC core fundingto the BAS ‘Biodiversity, Evolution and Adaptation’ Team., Belgian Science Policy Office, Federation Wallonia-Brussels, National Fund for Scientific Research (Belgium), Research Foundation - Flanders, Leopold III-Fonds, Royal Belgian Society for Zoology, Belgian American Educational Foundation, European Commission, Generalitat de Catalunya, Natural Environment Research Council (UK), and Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España)
Subjects: MESH: Bivalvia, General Medicine, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Pollution, MESH: Biodiversity, Community structure, Benthic ecology, Seashore, MESH: Antarctic Regions, DNA barcoding, MESH: Animals, MESH: Ecosystem, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development, Southern Ocean, MESH: Environmental Monitoring, General Environmental Science
Abstract: 19 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables, supplementary information https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-023-11066-3.-- Data availability: All genetic data, as well as photographs of voucher specimens, can be publicly accessed and downloaded on boldsystems.org, under the “INTGS” project (Intertidal fauna from the Gerlache Strait). Occurrence data can be found on the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF, B121 dataset) using the following link: https://doi.org/10.15468/56bv6z. Additional data, tables and figures are also provided as Supplementary materials. The specimens used in this study are hosted at the Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB, Brussels, Belgium) – Laboratoire de Biologie Marine, The underexplored intertidal ecosystems of Antarctica are facing rapid changes in important environmental factors. Associated with temperature increase, reduction in coastal ice will soon expose new ice-free areas that will be colonized by local or distant biota. To enable detection of future changes in faunal composition, a biodiversity baseline is urgently required. Here, we evaluated intertidal faunal diversity at 13 locations around the Gerlache Strait (western Antarctic Peninsula), using a combination of a quadrat approach, morphological identification and genetic characterization. Our data highlight a community structure comprising four generally distributed and highly abundant species (the flatworm Obrimoposthia wandeli, the bivalve Kidderia subquadrata, and the gastropods Laevilitorina umbilicata and Laevilitorina caliginosa) as well as 79 rarer and less widely encountered species. The most abundant species thrive in the intertidal zone due to their ability to either survive overwinter in situ or to rapidly colonize this zone when conditions allow. In addition, we confirmed the presence of multiple trophic levels at nearly all locations, suggesting that complex inter-specific interactions occur within these communities. Diversity indices contrasted between sampling locations (from 3 to 32 species) and multivariate approaches identified three main groups. This confirms the importance of environmental heterogeneity in shaping diversity patterns within the investigated area. Finally, we provide the first genetic and photographic baseline of the Antarctic intertidal fauna (106 sequences, 137 macrophotographs), as well as preliminary insights on the biogeography of several species. Taken together, these results provide a timely catalyst to assess the diversity and to inform studies of the potential resilience of these intertidal communities, This work was supported by the ‘Refugia and Ecosystem Tolerance in the Southern Ocean’ project (RECTO; BR/154/A1/RECTO) funded by the ‘Belgian Science Policy Office’ (BELSPO). [...] The B121 expedition was funded by the Federation Wallonia-Brussels, the Fund for Scientific Research (FNRS), the Research Foundation – Flanders (FWO), the Leopold 3 Fund for the exploration and conservation of Nature and the Royal Belgian Society for Zoology. David Bauman was funded by the Belgian American Educational Foundation (BAEF) and the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 895799. Henrik Christiansen was funded by the BELSPO project COPE (B2/191/P1/COPE). Blanca Figuerola received funding from the Beatriu de Pinós program (2019-BP-00183), funded by the Secretary of Universities and Research (Government of Catalonia) and the European Union's Horizon 2020 program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 801370. Peter Convey was supported by NERC core funding to the BAS ‘Biodiversity, Evolution and Adaptation’ Team, With the institutional support of the ‘Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence’ accreditation (CEX2019-000928-S)
Published: 2023

40. Developmental trajectories and Ecology of Monocarpic Trees: Insights from the genus Cerberiopsis (Apocynaceae)

Author: Salmon, Camille, Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Université de Montpellier (UM), FRA, Patrick Heuret, and Sandrine Isnard, co-encadrante
Subjects: Monocarpy, Dendrochronology, Phenology, New Caledonia, Plant architecture, Dendrochronologie, Traits fonctionnels, Monocarpie, Phenologie, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Functional traits, Architecture végétale
Abstract: Semelparity is the ability of an organism to reproduce once and then die. In plants, this life history strategy is also named monocarpy. After a unique flowering event, the whole plant dies. This strategy inherently characterizes annual and biennial herbaceous, and frequently occurs in bamboo and palms, but remains extremely rare in woody branched plants such as shrubs and trees. Branched plants are long-lived organisms and present multiple meristems (growing points) that are as many opportunities to flower at different times. Therefore, the persistence of the monocarpic strategy in such plants is questionable since a premature death of the individual in the decades before the flowering will prevent any descendants. About twenty-nine monocarpic canopy tree species are recorded worldwide all included in two tropical and subtropical genera: Tachigali (Fabaceae) and Cerberiopsis (Apocynaceae). This latter is endemic to New Caledonia and consists of three species with different habits. While C. neriifolia and C. obtusifolia are respectively a polycarpic (multi-flowering) treelet and shrub, C. candelabra is a large monocarpic rainforest tree. In this thesis, we investigate the morpho-anatomical bases of monocarpy, its underlying ecological implications, and functional adaptations. (1) Through a comparative analysis, we highlight that the variation of only a few architectural traits has led to the emergence of this strategy within the genus Cerberiopsis, and flowering in C. candelabra is independent of tree age, size, or senescence. (2) Based on growth monitoring, we show that C. candelabra exhibits high survival and growth rates at the juvenile stage, and forms monodominant regenerations. These two studies pave the way to (3) an integrative retrospective analysis: we reconstruct the developmental trajectories of the Cerberiopsis species and demonstrate that their growth phenology is sensitive to climate seasonality. C. candelabra exhibits strong structural and temporal regularities, as well as a high degree of synchronization between all developmental processes. These particularities might have been preconditions for the evolution of its monocarpic strategy. Finally, my work introduces (4) a new type of annual growth ring that results from the production of circular tension wood, a potential adaptive feature related to the cyclonic season of New Caledonia. The processes underlying monocarpic flowering and its triggers are discussed throughout the different chapters of this thesis. We suggest that flowering depends on endogenous preconditions and is triggered in C. candelabra by large-scale disturbances such as fires and tropical cyclones.; La sémelparité définit un organisme qui se reproduit une unique fois avant de mourir. Cette histoire de vie est également nommée monocarpie chez les végétaux. La plante meurt après un unique épisode de floraison. Cette stratégie est inhérente chez les herbacées annuelles et bisannuelles, et se rencontre fréquemment chez les bambous et les palmiers. Elle reste toutefois extrêmement rare chez les plantes ligneuses ramifiées comme les buissons et les arbres. Les plantes ramifiées sont des organismes à longue durée de vie et présentent de multiples méristèmes (points de croissance) qui sont autant d'opportunités de fleurir à différents moments. La persistance de la stratégie monocarpique chez ces plantes est ainsi questionnable car une mort prématurée de l'individu dans les décennies précédant la floraison effacera toute descendance. Environ vingt-neuf espèces d'arbres de canopée monocarpiques sont connues à l'échelle mondiale appartenant à deux genres tropicaux et subtropicaux : Tachigali (Fabaceae) et Cerberiopsis (Apocynaceae). Ce dernier est endémique de Nouvelle-Calédonie et comprends trois espèces aux biologies différentes. Tandis que C. neriifolia et C. obtusifolia sont respectivement un arbuste et un buisson polycarpique (à floraison multiple), C. candelabra est un arbre monocarpique. Dans cette thèse, nous explorons les fondements morpho-anatomiques de la monocarpie, ses implications écologiques et ses adaptations fonctionnelles sous-jacentes. (1) Nous mettons en évidence à travers une analyse comparative que la variation de seulement quelques traits architecturaux a conduit à l'émergence de cette stratégie au sein du genre Cerberiopsis, et que la floraison chez C. candelabra est indépendante de l'âge, de la taille ou de la sénescence de l'arbre. (2) Nous montrons sur la base d'un suivi de croissance que C. candelabra présente des taux de survie et de croissance élevés au stade juvénile, et forme des régénérations mono-dominantes. Ces deux études ouvrent la voie à (3) une analyse rétrospective intégrative : nous reconstruisons les trajectoires de développement des espèces du genre et démontrons que leur phénologie de croissance est sensible à la saisonnalité du climat. C. candelabra présente de fortes régularités structurelles et temporelles, ainsi qu'un haut degré de synchronisation entre l'ensemble des processus de développement. Ces particularités sont proposées être des conditions préalables à l'évolution de sa stratégie monocarpique. Enfin, mon travail introduit (4) un nouveau type de cerne de croissance annuel qui résulte de la production de bois de tension circulaire, un potentiel trait adaptatif à la saison cyclonique de Nouvelle-Calédonie. Les processus sous-jacents à la floraison monocarpique et ses déclencheurs sont discutés tout au long des différents chapitres. Nous suggérons que la floraison dépend de conditions préalables endogènes et est déclenchée chez C. candelabra par des perturbations à large échelle telles que les incendies et les cyclones tropicaux.
Published: 2023

41. Analysing the architecture of Corylus avellana and parametrizing L-HAZELNUT FSPM

Author: Grisafi, Francesca, Tombesi, Sergio, Farinelli, Daniela, Boudon, Frédéric, Durand, Jean-Baptiste, Costes, Evelyne, Università cattolica del Sacro Cuore [Piacenza e Cremona] (Unicatt), Università degli Studi di Perugia = University of Perugia (UNIPG), Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Modèles statistiques bayésiens et des valeurs extrêmes pour données structurées et de grande dimension (STATIFY), Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Jean Kuntzmann (LJK), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Dr. Susann Müller, Tsu-Wei Chen, Andreas Fricke, Katrin Kahlen, and Susann Müller and Hartmut Stützel
Subjects: modelling, [MATH.MATH-ST]Mathematics [math]/Statistics [math.ST], hazelnut, Lpy, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology
Abstract: International audience; Introduction - Tree architecture is a fundamental part of a functional structural plant model. This is particularly evident in perennial tree crops where the structure of the plant influences the position of source and sink organs, as well as light interception inside the canopy, and serves as storage pool for exceeding carbohydrates. Therefore, a precise description of tree 3D structure is essential to realistically allocate carbohydrates in a FSPM (Costes et al., 2006). Hazelnut tree architecture has different characteristics compared to other fruit tree crops that have been modelled (i.e., peach, mango, apple, and kiwi). It is a monoecious species. Female flowers are grouped into inflorescences located into mixed buds, while male flowers are arranged into inflorescences in the apical position of sylleptic shoots. Each node could bear more than one bud and, the following year, the new shoots are much shorter than the shoots from which they were born. The present study aimed to analyse hazelnut one-year-old shoots 'architecture in order to build the structural part of L-HAZELNUT: a functional structural plant model of hazelnut (Corylus avellana). Material and Methods - Own-rooted tree clones of C.avellana, cultivar “Tonda di Giffoni”, were chosen, during winter, in 2020 and 2021 in Deruta (Italy). Plants were normally irrigated and fertilized. No pruning occurred during the two years. 104 one-year-old proleptic shoots were sampled according to four length categories: short (Sh) when shorter than 5 cm, medium (Me) when they were between 5 and 20 cm, long (Lo) when they were between 20 and 40 cm, and very long (VLo) when longer than 40 cm. For each shoot, diameter, length, and number of nodes were recorded. From the base of the shoot to its tip, the fate of each node was noted. Four fates are distinguished in C.avellana: blind nodes, vegetative buds, sylleptic shoots and mixed buds. In the year subsequent to sampling, the same measurements were repeated on the lateral shoots that were born from the buds. Statistical analyses were done in 2022, using packages from RStudio. First, exploratory analyses were performed to investigate the distribution of the bud types or sylleptic shoots depending on the rank node along the one-year-old proleptic shoots and thus, to address if there were some homogeneous zone (i.e., zones characterized by a stable distribution of the possible bud fates (Guédon et al., 2001)). This led us to draw a flux diagram (Figure 1). Each part of the diagram corresponds to specific logical connections, between FSPM components, which were addressed using specific probabilistic models, inferred from the collected data set. Results and Discussion - During this study new knowledge regarding the architecture of C.avellana was acquired. Even though male flowers were stated to be located on proleptic shoots 'nodes (Botta & Valentini, 2018), we instead highlighted the presence of male flowers in the apical position of sylleptic shoots. It was also observed that hazelnut has a sympodial growth. Each statistical model, associated with the FSPM components, was used to define functions to answer each of the questions addressed in the flow diagram. All the functions were coded in L-py (Boudon et al., 2012) to build a L-system program able to generate the architecture of hazelnut (Figure 1). Conclusion - This led to a first coarse FSPM named L-HAZELNUT, in reference to some previous FSPM for fruit tree crops (Lopez et al., 2010). It simulates the growth of a hazelnut tree over two successive years. The conception of an FSPM is a long and meticulous process that requires having in mind a clear scheme that describes the growing and branching processes. Such a scheme can be acquired by appropriate observations and analyses of how the plant grows and develops. However, as many aspects of the plant have to be considered, the accuracy of the presented 3D structure has still to be evaluated and further studies will be necessary to validate them. Moreover, L-HAZELNUT model should be complemented in the next future with a functional part describing carbon acquisition and partitioning within the tree.
Published: 2023

42. Disrupted montane forest recovery hinders biodiversity conservation in the tropical Andes

Author: Tina Christmann, Ximena Palomeque, Dolors Armenteras, Sarah Jane Wilson, Yadvinder Malhi, Imma Oliveras Menor, University of Oxford, Universidad de Cuenca (UCUENCA), Universidad Nacional de Colombia [Bogotà] (UNAL), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)
Subjects: Global and Planetary Change, Ecology, Forest restoration, Cloud forest, NDWI, Tropical montane forest, Landsat time series, Natural regeneration, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Forest transition, Google Earth Engine, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract: International audience; Aim: Andean montane forests are biodiversity hotspots and large carbon stores and they provide numerous ecosystem services. Following land abandonment after centuries of forest clearing for agriculture in the Andes, there is an opportunity for forest recovery. Field-based studies show that forests do not always recover. However, large-scale and long-term knowledge of recovery dynamics of Andean forests remains scarce. This paper analyses tropical montane forest recovery trajectories over a 15-year time frame at the landscape and tropical Andean scale to inform restoration planning. Methods: We first detect “potential recovery” as areas that have experienced a forest transition between 2000 and 2005. Then, we use Landsat time series analysis of the normalized difference water index (NDWI) to classify four “realized recovery” trajectories (“ongoing”, “arrested”, “disrupted” and “no recovery”) based on a sequential pattern of 5-yearly Z-score anomalies for 2005–2020. We compare these results against an analysis of change in tree cover to validate against other datasets. Results: Across the tropical Andes, we detected a potential recovery area of 274 km2 over the period. Despite increases in tree cover, most areas of the Andes remained in early successional states (10–25% tree cover), and NDWI levelled out after 5–10 years. Of all potential forest recovery areas, 22% showed “ongoing recovery”, 61% showed either “disrupted” or “arrested recovery”, and 17% showed “no recovery”. Our method captured forest recovery dynamics in a Peruvian arrested succession context and in landscape-scale tree-planting efforts in Ecuador. Main conclusions: Forest recovery across the Andes is mostly disrupted, arrested or unsuccessful, with consequences for biodiversity recovery and provision of ecosystem services. Low-recovery areas identified in this study might be good candidates for active restoration interventions in this UN Decade on Restoration. Future studies could determine restoration strategies and priorities and suggest management strategies at a local planning scale across key regions in the biodiversity hotspot.
Published: 2023

43. Rethinking the nature of intraspecific variability and its consequences on species coexistence

Author: Camille Girard-Tercieux, Isabelle Maréchaux, Adam T. Clark, James S. Clark, Benoît Courbaud, Claire Fortunel, Joannès Guillemot, Georges Künstler, Guerric le Maire, Raphaël Pélissier, Nadja Rüger, Ghislain Vieilledent, Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Duke University [Durham], Laboratoire des EcoSystèmes et des Sociétés en Montagne (UR LESSEM), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Institut Français de Pondichéry (IFP), Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères (MEAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universität Leipzig, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Fondation pour la Recherche sur la Biodiversité, and ANR-10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010)
Subjects: Environmental variation, Individual variation, Competition, Ecology, Intraspecific variability, Species coexistence, Spatial heterogeneity, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, High-dimensional niche, Spatial autocorrelation, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Nature and Landscape Conservation
Abstract: ContextIntraspecific variability (IV) has been proposed to explain species coexistence in diverse communities. Assuming, sometimes implicitly, that conspecific individuals can perform differently in the same environment and that IV blurs species differences, previous studies have found contrasting results regarding the effect of IV on species coexistence.ObjectiveWe aim at showing that the large IV observed in data does not mean that conspecific individuals are necessarily different in their response to the environment and that the role of high-dimensional environmental variation in determining IV has been largely underestimated in forest plant communities.Methods and ResultsWe first used a simulation experiment where an individual attribute is derived from a high-dimensional model, representing “perfect knowledge” of individual response to the environment, to illustrate how a large observed IV can result from “imperfect knowledge” of the environment. Second, using growth data from clonal Eucalyptus plantations in Brazil, we estimated a major contribution of the environment in determining individual growth. Third, using tree growth data from long-term tropical forest inventories in French Guiana, Panama and India, we showed that tree growth in tropical forests is structured spatially and that despite a large observed IV at the population level, conspecific individuals perform more similarly locally than compared with heterospecific individuals.SynthesisAs the number of environmental dimensions that are typically quantified is generally much lower than the actual number of environmental dimensions influencing individual attributes, a great part of observed IV might be misinterpreted as random variation across individuals when in fact it is environmentally-driven. This mis-representation has important consequences for inference about community dynamics. We emphasize that observed IV does not necessarily impact species coexistence per se but can reveal species response to high-dimensional environment, which is consistent with niche theory and the observation of the many differences between species in nature.
Published: 2023

44. Massive Somatic and Germline Chromosomal Integrations of Polydnaviruses in Lepidopterans

Author: Camille Heisserer, Héloïse Muller, Véronique Jouan, Karine Musset, Georges Periquet, Jean-Michel Drezen, Anne-Nathalie Volkoff, Clément Gilbert, Evolution, génomes, comportement et écologie (EGCE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de recherche sur la biologie de l'insecte UMR7261 (IRBI), Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Diversité, Génomes & Interactions Microorganismes - Insectes [Montpellier] (DGIMI), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM), and ANR-18-CE02-0021,TranspHorizon,Transferts horizontaux d'éléments transposables: les clés d'une invasion réussie(2018)
Subjects: parasitoid wasps, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], evolutionary genomics, Genetics, polydnavirus, insects, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, horizontal transfer, host-parasite relationships, Molecular Biology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract: Increasing numbers of horizontal transfer (HT) of genes and transposable elements are reported in insects. Yet the mechanisms underlying these transfers remain unknown. Here we first quantify and characterize the patterns of chromosomal integration of the polydnavirus (PDV) encoded by the Campopleginae Hyposoter didymator parasitoid wasp (HdIV) in somatic cells of parasitized fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda). PDVs are domesticated viruses injected by wasps together with their eggs into their hosts in order to facilitate the development of wasp larvae. We found that six HdIV DNA circles integrate into the genome of host somatic cells. Each host haploid genome suffers between 23 and 40 integration events (IEs) on average 72 h post-parasitism. Almost all IEs are mediated by DNA double-strand breaks occurring in the host integration motif (HIM) of HdIV circles. We show that despite their independent evolutionary origins, PDV from both Campopleginae and Braconidae wasps use remarkably similar mechanisms for chromosomal integration. Next, our similarity search performed on 775 genomes reveals that PDVs of both Campopleginae and Braconidae wasps have recurrently colonized the germline of dozens of lepidopteran species through the same mechanisms they use to integrate into somatic host chromosomes during parasitism. We found evidence of HIM-mediated HT of PDV DNA circles in no less than 124 species belonging to 15 lepidopteran families. Thus, this mechanism underlies a major route of HT of genetic material from wasps to lepidopterans with likely important consequences on lepidopterans.
Published: 2023

45. Microspines in tropical climbing plants: a small-scale fix for life in an obstacle course

Author: Romain Lehnebach, Cloé Paul-Victor, Elisa Courric, Nick P Rowe, Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Département Environnements et Sociétés (Cirad-ES), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM), ANR-10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010), and European Project: 82407,GROWBOT
Subjects: Microspines, Searcher stems, Physiology, Attachment, GrowBots, Robotics, Plant Science, Plants, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, Static force, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Climbing plants, Sliding force, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: Many climbing plants have microspines on their stems, which facilitate attachment and prevent slipping and falling from host plant supports. Extending via growth through complex environments and anchoring stems to substrates with minimal contact forces are key benefits for climbing plants. Microspines are also highly desirable features for new technologies and applications in soft robotics. Using a novel sled-like device, we investigated static and sliding attachment forces generated by stems in 10 species of tropical climber from French Guiana differing in size and climbing habit. Eight species showed higher static and sliding forces when their stems were pulled in the basal direction against a standard surface than in the apical direction. This anisotropic behaviour suggests that tropical climbers have evolved different ratchet-like mechanisms that allow easy sliding forwards but are resistant to slipping downwards. The presence of a downwards ‘stick-and-slip’ phenomenon, where static attachment is not significantly stronger than maximal sliding attachment, was present in most species apart from three showing relatively weak attachment by microspines. This indicates that diverse microspine attachment strategies exist in climbing plants. This diversity of functional properties offers a range of potential design specifications for climbing strategies on different substrates for artificial climbing artefacts.
Published: 2022

46. Novel plant communities after glacial retreat in Colombia: (many) losses and (few) gains

Author: Anthelme, Fabien, Carrasquer, Ines, Ceballos, Jorge Luis, Peyre, Gwendolyn, Ceballos, Jorge, Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM), and Universidad de los Andes [Bogota] (UNIANDES)
Subjects: Tropical alpine, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Climatic debt, Los Nevados national park, Andes, Plant Science, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Growth forms, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, Biogeographic origins, Post-glacial chronosequence, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract: International audience; Early plant primary succession in recently deglacierized terrains is a good indicator of the species losses and gains that affect novel alpine plant communities migrating under the pressure of climate warming. In the tropical alpine -páramo- region of the northern Andes, home to the world's greatest alpine phyto-diversity, forced primary succession will condition the conservation of many species. Using a post-glacial chronosequence between the little ice age and present below the Conejeras glacier (Colombia) as a space-for-time substitution approach, we sought to determine how time since deglacierization affects the composition, the biogeographic origin and the growth form distribution of novel tropical alpine plant communities. Using an array of multivariate techniques and the Dirichlet model, we assessed relationships among plant communities and with environmental factors. Communities established in less than 169 years lacked a number of characteristic and endemic species usually found in the national park Los Nevados, such as Calamagrostis effusa, Senecio isabelis and Espeletia hartwegiana. Moreover, these communities have been colonized by non-native species, e.g., Rumex acetosella. Upright shrubs and large tussock grasses, characteristic of the alpine tropics, established slowly because they required highly organic, slow-developing soils. Taxa of tropical biogeographic origin were under-represented early after deglacierization in comparison with temperate taxa. These results suggest the existence of a strong climatic debt for some native species, tropical growth forms and taxa of tropical origin, which may translate into significant taxonomic and functional losses whereas the few observed gains concern the establishment of non-native species.
Published: 2022

47. Fragmented landscape generator (flsgen): A neutral landscape generator with control of landscape structure and fragmentation indices

Author: Gregoire Blanchard, Xavier Lorca, Dimitri Justeau-Allaire, Philippe Birnbaum, Ghislain Vieilledent, Thomas, Paul Ibanez, Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Institut Agronomique Néo-Calédonien (IAC), IMT École nationale supérieure des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux (IMT Mines Albi), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Centre Génie Industriel (CGI), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)
Subjects: Neutral landscape, Landscape ecology, Application des ordinateurs, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, Artificial landscape generation, Programmation informatique, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Constraint programming, Landscape indices, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Paysage, fragmentation de l'habitat, U10 - Informatique, mathématiques et statistiques, Contrainte, Ecological Modeling, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, Habitat fragmentation, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Modèle stochastique, Modèle mathématique
Abstract: International audience; 1. Neutral landscape models have many applications in ecology, such as supporting spatially-explicit simulations, developing, and evaluating landscape indices. However, current approaches provide few options to produce large landscapes with controlled composition and fragmentation indices. 2. We introduce flsgen (Fragmented Landscape Generator), a new neutral landscape generator that address this limitation by providing a high level of control over 14 landscape indices. The main novelty of flsgen is the decomposition of landscape generation into two steps: the solving of a constraint satisfaction problem and the generation of a landscape raster with a stochastic algorithm. The latter relies on a continuous environmental gradient that influences the landscape’s spatial configuration. 3. flsgen can generate fine-grained artificial landscapes in small amounts of time, which makes it suited to produce large landscape series systematically. We demonstrate the features of flsgen through three illustrative use cases. 4. flsgen is a practical and efficient tool that expand the current possibilities of neutral landscape models and widen their potential applications. To facilitate its uptake, flsgen is available as free and open-source software through a Java API, a command-line interface, or an R package.
Published: 2022

48. Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis activation and glucocorticoid‐responsive gene expression in skeletal muscle and liver of Apc mice

Author: Agnès Martin, Josiane Castells, Valentine Allibert, Andréa Emerit, Cindy Zolotoff, Victoire Cardot‐Ruffino, Yann S. Gallot, Barbara Vernus, Véronique Chauvet, Laurent Bartholin, Laurent Schaeffer, Anne‐Cécile Durieux, Christophe Hourdé, François B. Favier, Laetitia Mazelin, Damien Freyssenet, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité (LIBM ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Institut NeuroMyoGène (INMG), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (UNICANCER/CRCL), Centre Léon Bérard [Lyon]-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Laboratoire de Biologie de l'Exercice pour la Performance et la Santé (LBEPS), Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Brétigny-sur-Orge] (IRBA), Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme (DMEM), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer (Comité Saône et Loire), Ministère de l'Enseignement supérieur, de la Recherche et de l'Innovation MESRI, Fondation ARC pour la Recherche sur le Cancer, Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), and Raynaud, Christelle
Subjects: Male, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Cachexia, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Gene Expression, Pituitary-Adrenal System, Skeletal muscle, Cancer cachexia, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Mice, Inbred C57BL, Carcinoma, Lewis Lung, Mice, Glucocorticoid, Metabolism, Liver, Physiology (medical), Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, Quality of Life, Animals, Humans, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Muscle, Skeletal, Glucocorticoids, Aged
Abstract: Cancer patients at advanced stages experience a severe depletion of skeletal muscle compartment together with a decrease in muscle function, known as cancer cachexia. Cachexia contributes to reducing quality of life, treatment efficiency, and lifespan of cancer patients. However, the systemic nature of the syndrome is poorly documented. Here, we hypothesize that glucocorticoids would be important systemic mediators of cancer cachexia.To explore the role of glucocorticoids during cancer cachexia, biomolecular analyses were performed on several tissues (adrenal glands, blood, hypothalamus, liver, and skeletal muscle) collected from ApcTwenty-three-week-old Apc mice recapitulated important features of cancer cachexia including body weight loss (-16%, P 0.0001), muscle atrophy (gastrocnemius muscle: -53%, P 0.0001), and weakness (-50% in tibialis anterior muscle force, P 0.0001), increased expression of atrogens (7-fold increase in MuRF1 transcript level, P 0.0001) and down-regulation of Akt-mTOR pathway (3.3-fold increase in 4EBP1 protein content, P 0.0001), together with a marked transcriptional rewiring of hepatic metabolism toward an increased expression of gluconeogenic genes (Pcx: +90%, Pck1: +85%), and decreased expression of glycolytic (Slc2a2: -40%, Gk: -30%, Pklr: -60%), ketogenic (Hmgcs2: -55%, Bdh1: -80%), lipolytic/fatty oxidation (Lipe: -50%, Mgll: -60%, Cpt2: -60%, Hadh: -30%), and lipogenic (Acly: -30%, Acacb: -70%, Fasn: -45%) genes. The hypothalamic pituitary-adrenal axis was activated, as evidenced by the increase in the transcript levels of genes encoding corticotropin-releasing hormone in the hypothalamus (2-fold increase, P 0.01), adrenocorticotropic hormone receptor (3.4-fold increase, P 0.001), and steroid biosynthesis enzymes (Cyp21a1, P 0.0001, and Cyp11b1, P 0.01) in the adrenal glands, as well as by the increase in corticosterone level in the serum (+73%, P 0.05), skeletal muscle (+17%, P 0.001), and liver (+24%, P 0.05) of cachectic 23-week-old Apc mice. A comparative transcriptional analysis with dexamethasone-treated C57BL/6J mice indicated that the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in 23-week-old ApcThese findings highlight the role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal-glucocorticoid pathway in the transcriptional regulation of skeletal muscle catabolism and hepatic metabolism during cancer cachexia. They also provide the paradigm for the design of new therapeutic strategies.
Published: 2022

49. Ants mediate community composition of root‐associated fungi in an ant‐plant mutualism

Author: Céline Leroy, Arthur QuyManh Maes, Eliane Louisanna, Jean‐François Carrias, Régis Céréghino, Bruno Corbara, Nathalie Séjalon‐Delmas, Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales (LRSV), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement (LMGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Interactions Microbiennes dans la Rhizosphère et les Racines, Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and ANR-10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010)
Subjects: ITS metabarcoding, fungi, food and beverages, fungal functional guilds, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, Camponotus femoratus, Symbiotrophic fungi, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Neoponera goeldii, Carton nest, Aechmea mertensii, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Ant garden
Abstract: International audience; Cross-kingdom interactions with plants were frequently related to microbial pathogens and herbivores. Yet, mutualistic interactions that involve multiple partners can confer cross-kingdom functional benefits, which have been understudied. Ant gardens (AGs) are recognized as one of the most sophisticated of all symbioses between ants and flowering plants, forming good models to study cross-kingdom interactions. The aim of this study was to examine whether ant-plant interactions can influence the community composition of root-associated fungi. We assessed whether two AG ant species, Camponotus femoratus and Neoponera goeldii, confer different physico-chemical properties to their nests, and affect root fungal community composition and fungal functional guilds in the bromeliad Aechmea mertensii. The diversity and community composition of root-associated fungi depended on ant species identity. The two ants had a contrasting influence on the structure and chemistry of the nest, and on the floristic diversity of the AGs. Multiple drivers may therefore determine the root-associated fungal communities. As the outcome of the ant-bromeliad interaction depends on the ant species, and because the plants are also involved in interactions with root-associated symbionts, this study provided evidence that ecologically relevant symbioses can be mediated by cross-kingdom interactions.
Published: 2022

50. Diets Rich in Olive Oil, Palm Oil, or Lard Alter Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Mitochondrial Membrane Composition in Rat Liver

Author: Youzan Ferdiand Djohan, Massara Camara-Cissé, Gilles Fouret, Béatrice Bonafos, Bernard Jover, Jean-Paul Cristol, Charles Coudray, Christine Feillet-Coudray, Eric Badia, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny (UFHB), Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme (DMEM), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Physiologie & médecine expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles [U 1046] (PhyMedExp), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Hôpital Lapeyronie [Montpellier] (CHU), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), SANIA (No. 2015/UM/150666), and MORNET, Dominique
Subjects: SFA, Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain Complexes, Mitochondrial Biogenesis, Article Subject, Lard, food and beverages, [SDV.BC.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology/Subcellular Processes [q-bio.SC], Palm Oil, Biochemistry, Diet, [SDV.AEN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, [SDV.BC.BC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology/Subcellular Processes [q-bio.SC], Mitochondrial Membrane, Olive Oil, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition
Abstract: International audience; Palm oil (crude or refined) and lard are rich in SFA, while olive oil is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids. SFA are considered harmful to health, while polyunsaturated fatty acids are beneficial to health. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of diets rich in crude PO, refined PO, OO, or lard on the mitochondrial membrane, the activity of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes, and mitochondrial biogenesis. This was an experimental study in male Wistar rats fed a diet containing 30% of each oil. Rats had free access to food and water. After being fed for 12 weeks, animals were sacrificed and liver mitochondria were collected. This collection was used to determine membrane potential and ROS production, membrane phospholipid and fatty acid composition, citrate synthase activity and respiratory chain complex, cardiolipin synthase protein expression, and expression of selected genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis. We found that diets rich in olive oil, palm oil, or lard altered mitochondrial biogenesis by significantly decreasing Pgc1α gene expression and altered the fatty acid composition of rat liver mitochondrial membrane PL.
Published: 2022

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources

See catalog results

Searchworks

Select search scope, currently: Articles Catalog books, media & more in Jio Institute collections Articles journal articles & other e-resources

Search

Search Constraints

Refine your results

Search Limiters

Topic

Publication Year Range

Language

Journal

Database

Publisher

261 results on '"Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)"'

Search Results

Catalog

Select search scope, currently: Articles

Catalog

books, media & more in Jio Institute collections

Articles

journal articles & other e-resources