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5 results on '"Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris]-Université de Lorraine ( UL )"'

1. Evolution of a mushy zone in a static temperature gradient using a volume average approach

Author

G. Salloum-Abou-Jaoude, N. Pinter, Markus Apel, C.-A. Aledo, I. Spindler, H. Nguyen Thi, Guillaume Reinhart, Hervé Combeau, Miha Založnik, Andre Phillion, Guillaume Boussinot, McMaster University [Hamilton, Ontario], Labex DAMAS, Université de Lorraine ( UL ), Institut Jean Lamour ( IJL ), Université de Lorraine ( UL ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Nancy ( ENSMN ), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris]-Université de Lorraine ( UL ), Institut des Matériaux, de Microélectronique et des Nanosciences de Provence ( IM2NP ), Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Université de Toulon ( UTLN ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Access e.V., ANR-11-LABX-0008/11-LABX-0008,DAMAS,Design des Alliages Métalliques pour Allègement des Structures ( 2011 ), Université de Lorraine (UL), Institut Jean Lamour (IJL), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Nancy (ENSMN), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Institut des Matériaux, de Microélectronique et des Nanosciences de Provence (IM2NP), Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), ANR-11-LABX-0008,DAMAS,Design des Alliages Métalliques pour Allègement des Structures(2011), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Lorraine (UL), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Convection, Materials science, Polymers and Plastics, Volume averaging method, Alloy, [ SPI.MAT ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, Boundary (topology), Thermodynamics, 02 engineering and technology, engineering.material, 01 natural sciences, Control volume, Phase field method, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, Planar, Solidification, [ SPI.FLUID ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Reactive fluid environment, 0103 physical sciences, Temperature gradient zone melting, 010302 applied physics, [SPI.FLUID]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Reactive fluid environment, Dynamics (mechanics), Metals and Alloys, Synchrotron x-ray radiography, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Temperature gradient, Ceramics and Composites, engineering, Jump, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

International audience; A volume average model to study the transition of a semi-solid mushy zone to a planar solid/liquid interface in a static temperature gradient is presented. This model simulates the principal phenomena governing mushy zone dynamics including solute diffusion in the interdendritic and bulk liquids, migration of both the solid-liquid interface and the mushy-liquid boundary at the bottom and top of the mushy zone, and solidification. The motion of the solid-liquid interface is determined analytically by performing a microscopic solute balance between the solid and mushy zones. The motion of the mushy-liquid boundary is more complex as it consists of a transition between the mushy and bulk liquid zones with rapidly changing macroscopic properties. In order to simulate this motion, a control volume characterized by continuity in the solute concentration and a jump in both the liquid fraction and the solute concentration gradient was developed. The volume average model has been validated by comparison against prior in-situ X-ray radiography measurements [1], and phase-field simulations [2] of the mushy-to-planar transition in an Al-Cu alloy. A very good similarity was achieved between the observed experimental and phase-field dynamics with this new model even though the described system was only one-dimensional. However , an augmentation of the solute diffusion coefficient in the bulk liquid was required in order to mimic the convective solute transport occurring in the in situ X-ray study. This new model will be useful for simulating a wide range of natural and engineering processes.

Published
2017

2. Bacterial community structure and functional arrAgene diversity associated with arsenic reductionand release in an industrially contaminated soil

Author

Francis Garrido, Corinne Leyval, Catherine Joulian, Marianne Quéméneur, Patrick Billard, Dominique Breeze, Michel Jauzein, Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Nancy (ENSMN), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Lorraine (UL), ANR-10-LABX-0100,VOLTAIRE,Geofluids and Volatil elements – Earth, Atmosphere, Interfaces – Resources and Environment(2010), European Project: 505428,GOCE, Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie ( MIO ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Université de Toulon ( UTLN ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) ( BRGM ), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux ( LIEC ), Université de Lorraine ( UL ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Nancy ( ENSMN ), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris]-Université de Lorraine ( UL ), ANR-10-LABX-100-01/10-LABX-0100,VOLTAIRE,Geofluids and Volatil elements – Earth, Atmosphere, Interfaces – Resources and Environment ( 2010 ), European Project : 505428,GOCE, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Microbial diversity, 030106 microbiology, Drainage basin, chemistry.chemical_element, 010501 environmental sciences, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), [ SDU.ENVI ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Environmental Chemistry, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Arsenic, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Chemical speciation, Community structure, Soil classification, Soil contamination, chemistry, Solubilization, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Environmental chemistry, [ SDU ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]
Abstract

International audience; This study aimed at evaluating potential arsenic (As) mobility in an industrially contaminatedsoil (64 mg As kg-1) of the Meuse River basin, and at identifying key bacterial groups that drive soil As dynamics. Both speciation and release of As from this soil was followed under anaerobicconditions using a laboratory batch experiment. In the presence of exogenous carbon sources,AsV initially present in the soil matrix and/or adsorbed on synthetic hydrous ferric oxides wassolubilized and mainly reduced into AsIII by indigenous soil microfora. After a one-monthincubation period in these biotic conditions, AsIII accounted for 80-85% of the total dissolved Asand more than 60% of the solid-phase As. Bacterial community structure (i.e. 16S rDNA-basedCE-SSCP profiles) changed with incubation time and As amendment. The detection of distantlyrelated arsenate respiratory reductase genes (arrA), as functional markers of AsV-respirers,indicates that novel dissimilatory AsV-reducing bacteria may be involved in Asbiotransformation and mobility in anoxic soils. Since As and iron were concomitantly released, acrucial role of indirect As-mobilizing bacteria on As behavior was also revealed. Our results show that the majority of As within the soil matrix was bioavailable and bioaccessible forheterotrophic AsV reduction to AsIII, which may increase As toxicity and mobility in thecontaminated soils.

Published
2016

3. Measurement of Solute Profiles by Means of Synchrotron X-Ray Radiography during Directional Solidification of Al-4 wt% Cu Alloys

Author

Guillaume Reinhart, Nathalie Mangelinck-Noël, Thomas Schenk, N. Bergeon, A. Buffet, Henri Nguyen-Thi, J. Baruchel, Bernard Billia, Aziz Bogno, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Institut des Matériaux, de Microélectronique et des Nanosciences de Provence (IM2NP), Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Nancy (ENSMN), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Synchrotron Radiation Facility ( ESRF ), Institut des Matériaux, de Microélectronique et des Nanosciences de Provence ( IM2NP ), Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Université de Toulon ( UTLN ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Nancy ( ENSMN ), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris]-Université de Lorraine ( UL )

Subjects
Materials science, Alloy, Analytical chemistry, Synchrotron radiation, 02 engineering and technology, engineering.material, 01 natural sciences, Instability, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Planar, law, 0103 physical sciences, General Materials Science, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Directional solidification, Mechanical Engineering, Metallurgy, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Microstructure, Synchrotron, Partition coefficient, Mechanics of Materials, [ CHIM.MATE ] Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, engineering, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

International audience; In the present study, we report on an image analysis procedure, which enables to extract from synchrotron radiographs the long range solute profiles in the whole sample and in both phases (solid and liquid). This image analysis is based on the measurement of local density differences, and is applied to study the directional solidification of Al - 4wt% Cu alloy, from planar to onset of the initial instability. Dedicated experiments were carried out at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) in Grenoble (France). In order to validate this analysis the value of a key solidification parameter, namely the partition coefficient, was experimentally determined during the planar solidification, and a very good agreement was found with value found usually in the literature. On a further step, the evolution of the microstructure and solute profile during the initial transient of solidification was analysed in detail.

Published
2010

4. In Situ Synchrotron X-ray Characterization of Microstructure Formation in Solidification Processing of Al-based Metallic Alloys

Author

Bernard Billia, Henri Nguyen-Thi, Nathalie Mangelinck-Noël, Nathalie Bergeon, Hyejin Jung, Guillaume Reinhart, Abdoul-Aziz Bogno, Adeline Buffet, Jurgen Hartwig, Jose Baruchel, Thomas Schenk, Institut des Matériaux, de Microélectronique et des Nanosciences de Provence (IM2NP), Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Nancy (ENSMN), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Institut des Matériaux, de Microélectronique et des Nanosciences de Provence ( IM2NP ), Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Université de Toulon ( UTLN ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), European Synchrotron Radiation Facility ( ESRF ), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Nancy ( ENSMN ), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris]-Université de Lorraine ( UL ), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Equiaxed growth, Topography, Columnar to equiaxed transition, Strains, Metallic systems, Dendrites, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Radiography, Solidification, [ CHIM.MATE ] Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Synchrotron imaging, Alloys, Stresses, Solute segregation
Abstract

International audience; The microstructure formed during the solidification step has a major influence on the properties of materials processed by major techniques (casting, welding . . . ). In situ and real-time characterization by synchrotron X-ray imaging is the method of choice to unveil the dynamical formation of the solidification microstructure in metallic alloys, and thus provide precise data for the critical validation of the theoretical predictionsthat is needed for sound advancement of modeling and numerical simulation. After a description of the experimental procedure used at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), dynamical phenomena in the formation of the grain structure and dendritic or equiaxed solidification microstructure in Al-based alloys are presented. Beyond fluid flow interaction, earth gravity induces stresses, deformation and fragmentation in the dendritic mush. Settling of dendrite arms and equiaxed grains thus occurs, in particular in the columnar to equiaxed transition. Other types of stresses and strains are caused by the mere formation of the solidification microstructure itself. In white-beam X-ray topography, stresses and strains are manifested by specific contrasts and breaking of the Laue images into several pieces. Finally, quantitative analysis of the grey level in radiographs enables the analysis of solute segregation, which noticeably results in solutal poisoning of growth when equiaxed grains are interacting.

Published
2010

5. The Samson phase, β-Mg2Al3, revisited

Author

Stefan Brühne, J. P. A. Makongo, Françoise Bley, Nathalie Mangelinck-Noël, Stefan Hoffmann, Daniel C. Fredrickson, Yuri Grin, Thomas Proffen, Jean Louis Chemin, C. Thomas, Volker Gramlich, Raul Cardoso, Thomas P. Weber, Bernard Billia, Henri Nguyen-Thi, Janusz J. Malinowski, Beata Dubiel, Jeppe Christensen, Guido Kreiner, Wieslawa Sikora, Sven Lidin, Marc de Boissieu, Aleksandra Czyrska-Filemonowicz, Anna Zielińska-Lipiec, Jürgen Schreuer, Jean Marc Joubert, Wilder Carrillo-Cabrera, Michael Feuerbacher, Walter Steurer, G. Krauss, Thomas Schenk, Wolf Assmus, Patricia Donnadieu, Marek Mihalkovic, Philippe Schaub, J. Gastaldi, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Laboratoire de Chimie Metallurgique des Terres Rares ( UPR 209 ), ISCSA-CNRS, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Nancy ( ENSMN ), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris]-Université de Lorraine ( UL ), Centre de recherche de la matière condensée et des nanosciences ( CRMCN ), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire matériaux et microélectronique de Provence ( L2MP ), Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Université de Toulon ( UTLN ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de thermodynamique et physico-chimie métallurgiques ( LTPCM ), Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble ( INPG ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Faculty of metals engineering and industrial computer science, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich ( ETH Zürich ), Department of Physical, Inorganic and Structural Chemistry ( Arrhenius Laboratory ), Stockholm University, Arrhenius Laboratory, Insitute of physics, Slovak Academy of Science, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science [Kraków] ( FPACS ), AGH University of Science and Technology, Physikalisches Institut [Frankfurt/Main], Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA, Insitut fur Geowissenschaften, Universitet Frankfurt, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids (CPfS), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Chimie métallurgique des terres rares (CMTR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Nancy (ENSMN), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Centre de recherche de la matière condensée et des nanosciences (CRMCN), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire matériaux et microélectronique de Provence (L2MP), Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de thermodynamique et physico-chimie métallurgiques (LTPCM), Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Department of Physical, Inorganic and Structural Chemistry (Arrhenius Laboratory), Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science [Kraków] (FPACS), AGH University of Science and Technology [Krakow, PL] (AGH UST), Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), and Institut für Geowissenschaften [Frankfurt am Main]

Subjects
Phase transition, 02 engineering and technology, Crystal structure, Magnesium aluminides, CMA, Samson phase, 01 natural sciences, Molecular physics, Thermal expansion, Inorganic Chemistry, Elastic parameters, Phase (matter), 0103 physical sciences, Electron microscopy, General Materials Science, Microstructure, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Phase diagram, 010302 applied physics, Chemistry, Space group, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Powder diffraction structure analysis, X-ray diffraction, Crystallography, Reciprocal lattice, [ CHIM.MATE ] Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, X-ray crystallography, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

Co-Authors: Michael Feuerbacher, Carsten Thomas, Julien P. A. Makongo, Stefan Hoffmann, Wilder Carrillo-Cabrera, Raul Cardoso, Yuri Grin, Guido Kreiner, Jean-Marc Joubert, Thomas Schenk, Joseph Gastaldi, Henri Nguyen-Thi, Nathalie Mangelinck-Noël, Bernard Billia, Patricia Donnadieu, Aleksandra Czyrska-Filemonowicz, Anna Zielinska-Lipiec, Beata Dubiel, Thomas Weber, Philippe Schaub, Günter Krauss, Volker Gramlich, Jeppe Christensen, Sven Lidin, Daniel Fredrickson, Marek Mihalkovic, Wieslawa Sikora, Janusz Malinowski, Stefan Brühne, Thomas Proffen, Wolf Assmus, Marc de Boissieu, Francoise Bley, Jean-Luis Chemin, Jürgen Schreuer Abstract. The Al−Mg phase diagram has been reinvestigated in the vicinity of the stability range of the Samson phase, β-Mg2Al3 (cF1168). For the composition Mg 38.5 Al 61.5, this cubic phase, space group Fd-3m (no 227), a = 28.242(1) Å, V = 22526(2) Å3, undergoes at 214 °C a first-order phase transition to rhombohedral β′-Mg2Al3(hR293), a = 19.968(1) Å, c = 48.9114(8) Å, V = 16889(2) Å3, (i.e. 22519 Å3 for the equivalent cubic unit cell) space group R3m (no 160), a subgroup of index four of Fd-3m. The structure of the β-phase has been redetermined at ambient temperature as well as in situ at 400 °C. It essentially agrees with Samson's model, even in most of the many partially occupied and split positions. The structure of β′-Mg2Al3is closely related to that of the β-phase. Its atomic sites can be derived from those of the β-phase by group-theoretical considerations. The main difference between the two structures is that all atomic sites are fully occupied in case of the β′-phase. The reciprocal space, Bragg as well as diffuse scattering, has been explored as function of temperature and the β- to β′-phase transition was studied in detail. The microstructures of both phases have been analyzed by electron microscopy and X-ray topography showing them highly defective. Finally, the thermal expansion coefficients and elastic parameters have been determined. Their values are somewhere in between those of Al and Mg.

Published
2007

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