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Sector coupling emerges as a potentially efficient strategy for emission reduction, particularly when the power sector is sufficiently decarbonized. This study aims to explore the effects of sector coupling on the decarbonization of the manufacturing sector. This study also develops the hybrid energy system model by integrating bottom-up energy system models for the power and manufacturing sectors with the computable general equilibrium model. The hybrid model helps to explain the integration of the power, hydrogen, and manufacturing sectors. The manufacturing sector is electrified and integrated with other sectors based on its use of decarbonized electricity and electrolysis hydrogen. With a carbon tax rate of 200,000 Korean won (161 U S. dollars) per ton of carbon dioxide equivalent, the percentage of electricity in the manufacturing sector's energy mix is expected to increase from 30 % to 46 % by 2050 if electrolysis hydrogen is considered. Moreover, emission reduction from sector coupling accounts for more than 50 % of the total emission reduction in the manufacturing sector. If policymakers consider the overall benefit of decarbonizing the power sector and aid the development of power-to-X technologies, sector coupling can contribute the decarbonization of the manufacturing sector significantly.

The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has emphasized a need to assess the cause of vaccine hesitancy. This study verified the reliability and validity of the Korean versions of the COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy scale and vaccine conspiracy belief scale and the correlation between them. The COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy scale, Korean COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy scale, vaccine conspiracy beliefs scale, and self-efficacy scale were the study tools. Following translation into Korean, back translation into English, content validity verification, and preliminary survey, valid samples were obtained from 400 adults aged >20 years. Exploratory factor analysis revealed that “belief” and “lack of trust” accounted for 62.4% of the total variance. The model fit index of the vaccine conspiracy beliefs scale revealed that all values were in a good range. The Korean version of the COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy scale showed a positive correlation with vaccine conspiracy beliefs (r = 0.74, p < 0.001) and a significant negative correlation with self-efficacy (r = −0.17, p < 0.001). The validity and reliability of the COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy scale and vaccine conspiracy beliefs scale were verified. The Korean versions of the two scales can contribute to programs that measure and mediate various factors influencing vaccination during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The study examined offensive tactical actions performed by U-15 soccer players with different competitive levels. 34 matches played by three different levels of U-15 soccer clubs were used; brazilian national (BN), brazilian regional (BR), and italian national (IN). Five categories where used to analyze the soccer offensive actions: "number of players involved" (NJ), “ball touches” (NT), “passes” (NP), “corridor changes” (NTC), and “duration of ball possession” (TRA); the results were coded using Match Vision Studio® software. The BN presented higher values in all five offensive categories (p < 0.05) when compared to the IN. Multinomial regression evidenced relative contributions of NJ and NP on the chances of results in the BN. The increase of one player involved in the offensive action decreases by 84% the chances of “total success” with respect to “unsuccessful” (p < 0.05). The performance of each additional pass increases 4.9 times the chance of the play ending in “total success” and 4.7 times (p < 0.05) in “partial success” when compared to the “unsuccessful” category. The NJ in the action and the NP have a direct influence on the outcome of the offensive actions of the BN.

A teacher cannot teach what they do not know. Previous studies have demonstrated that increasing teachers' content knowledge (common content knowledge [CCK] and specialized content knowledge [SCK]) enhances teachers' teaching effectiveness, which in turn results in better student learning. In the limited curricular space available in physical education teacher education (PETE) programs, maximizing the allocated time for developing content knowledge among preservice teachers is crucial. The purpose of this article is to propose strategies for teaching content courses to develop preservice teachers' content knowledge using examples from volleyball. Various pedagogical strategies to develop content knowledge that can be used in classroom settings (e.g., repeated assessment, scaffolding, and modeling in different forms) are introduced. Increasing the amount of peer teaching and teaching of preK-12 students are also effective strategies to promote preservice teachers' learning of content knowledge and its application.

This article presents various benefits of golf instruction and teaching resources for enhancing pre-service and in-service physical education teachers' common content knowledge for performing and teaching golf games and skills in physical education. Golf has become more popular since the pandemic due to golf courses being a safe space for social distancing. With the surging interest in the sport and the many physical, health, cognitive and social benefits golf can provide, physical education teachers might consider including golf in the school physical education curriculum. There are limited resources specifically designed for developing physical education teachers' common content knowledge to teach golf to children and youths in schools. With relevant teaching resources and learning opportunities, physical education teachers may decide to include golf in their curriculum. This article presents a common content knowledge packet, including facility and equipment lists, the game rules, etiquette and safety rules, the critical elements of swing techniques, and possible assessment test items for measuring student understanding.

Purpose: There is little known about the state of teacher education programs in this field. The aim of this article is to provide a descriptive analysis of physical education and health education teacher education programs in the United States. Method: Using published curriculums, a census of active undergraduate teacher education programs and a more in-depth analysis of one program from each state based on interviews with program coordinators was conducted. Findings: Data are reported across nine categories: (a) institution and program classifications, (b) degree designations, (c) degree and major's hours, (d) enrollment, (e) program status and trends, (f) admission and graduation requirements, (g) curricular time, (h) faculty demographics, and (i) health education. Conclusions: The data show that there is a broad interpretation of what counts as physical and health teacher education in terms of curriculum, and there are significant and pressing challenges for the field to address moving forward.

Sensors based on localized surface plasmon resonance suffer from low figures of merit. Here, the authors achieve high refractive index sensitivities and figures of merit by introducing a chiral shape and the idea of engineering the material dispersion function.

Rapidly increasing number of therapeutic antibodies are being repurposed to imaging probes for noninvasive diagnosis, as well as monitoring during treatment or disease recurrence. Though antibody-based imaging involves tracer doses (~3 log lower than therapeutic doses), and immune responses are severely reduced in patients with impaired immunity, formation of anti-tracer antibodies (ATA) has been observed hampering further diagnostic monitoring. Here, we explored the potential to develop humoral responses to intravenously administered tracer dose of a monoclonal antibody F(ab΄)2 fragment, and associated with host related immune measures in 49 rhesus macaques categorized into healthy (uninfected controls), SIV-progressors, SIV non-progressors, or total body irradiated (TBI). Antibody fragment administered in tracer amount (~100μg) induced immune responses with significantly lower odds in SIV-progressors or TBI macaques (P

This paper presents a price-searching model in which a source node (Alice) seeks friendly jammers that prevent eavesdroppers (Eves) from snooping legitimate communications by generating interference or noise. Unlike existing models, the distributed jammers also have data to send to their respective destinations and are allowed to access Alice’s channel if it can transmit sufficient jamming power, which is referred to as collaborative jamming in this paper. For the power used to deliver its own signal, the jammer should pay Alice. The price of the jammers’ signal power is set by Alice and provides a tradeoff between the signal and the jamming power. This paper presents, in closed-form, an optimal price that maximizes Alice’s benefit and the corresponding optimal power allocation from a jammers’ perspective by assuming that the network-wide channel knowledge is shared by Alice and jammers. For a multiple-jammer scenario where Alice hardly has the channel knowledge, this paper provides a distributed and interactive price-searching procedure that geometrically converges to an optimal price and shows that Alice by a greedy selection policy achieves certain diversity gain, which increases log-linearly as the number of (potential) jammers grows. Various numerical examples are presented to illustrate the behavior of the proposed model.

Bile acid concentrations are controlled by a feedback regulatory pathway whereby activation of the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) represses transcription of both the CYP7A1 gene, encoding the rate-limiting enzyme in the classic bile acid synthesis pathway, and the CYP8B1 gene, required for synthesis of cholic acid. The tissue-specific roles of FXR were examined using liver- and intestine-specific FXR-null models. FXR deficiency in either liver (FxrΔL) or intestine (FxrΔIE) increased bile acid pool size. Treatment with the FXR-selective agonist GW4064 significantly repressed CYP7A1 in FxrΔL mice but not FxrΔIE mice, demonstrating that activation of FXR in intestine but not liver is required for short-term repression of CYP7A1 in liver. This intestinal-specific effect of FXR is likely mediated through induction of the hormone FGF15, which suppresses CYP7A1. In comparison to CYP7A1, FXR-mediated repression of CYP8B1 was more dependent on the presence of FXR in liver and less dependent on its presence in intestine. Consistent with these findings, recombinant FGF15 repressed CYP7A1 mRNA levels without affecting CYP8B1 expression. These data provide evidence that FXR-mediated repression of bile acid synthesis requires the complementary actions of FXR in both liver and intestine and reveal mechanistic differences in feedback repression of CYP7A1 and CYP8B1.

The cytosolic acyl-coenzyme A thioesterase I (Acot1) is an enzyme that hydrolyzes long-chain acyl-CoAs of C12-C20-CoA in chain length to the free fatty acid and CoA. Acot1 was shown previously to be strongly upregulated at the mRNA and protein level in rodents by fibrates. In this study, we show that Acot1 mRNA levels were increased by 90-fold in liver by treatment with Wy-14,643 and that Acot1 mRNA was also increased by 15-fold in the liver of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α) knockout animals. Our study identified a direct repeat 1 (DR1) located in the Acot1 gene promoter in mouse, which binds the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) and HNF4α. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay showed that the identified DR1 bound PPARα/retinoid X receptor α (RXRα) and HNF4α, whereas the binding in ChIP was abrogated in the PPARα and HNF4α knockout mouse models. Reporter gene assays showed activation of the Acot1 promoter in cells by the PPARα agonist Wy-14,643 after cotransfection with PPARα/RXRα. However, transfection with a plasmid containing HNF4α also resulted in an increase in promoter activity. Together, these data show that Acot1 is under regulation by an interplay between HNF4α and PPARα.

This study aimed to examine the common content knowledge (CCK) of tennis and volleyball among U.S. physical education PSTs at the time they entered their PETE program. A secondary purpose was to investigate the relationship between PSTs' CCK levels of volleyball and tennis when entering a PETE program. A total of 116 PSTs from seven universities in volleyball and 122 PSTs from eight universities in tennis participated in the study. The data sources included participants' demographic backgrounds and CCK assessments of volleyball and tennis. Descriptive statistics showed that PSTs' mean percentage of the correct scores for both volleyball and tennis CCK were below 45%. In addition, the linear regression analyses showed that university affiliation and playing experiences in volleyball accounted for 28.7% of CCK and university affiliation, sex, and playing experiences in tennis accounted for 22.2% of CCK. The findings of the study provide evidence to support the importance of teaching content knowledge in teacher education.

Transnational research involves research in one country that benefits that country, and where the findings are compared to the extant studies in the larger field. It also involves the search for common effects and situational influences (i.e., country and culture-specific) toward a particular research topic. In this study we examine the transnational collaboration among 11 (5 female and 6 male) researchers located in five countries conducting research in seven countries for the past 18 years. Our purpose is to elucidate relationships among the team members. First, we use social network analysis to examine our publishing and presentation productivity. Second, we use a community of practice framework to understand our collaboration and scholarly relationships. Social network analysis showed that we are a strong decentralized social network with work shared across all members. Our community of practice analysis highlighted shared values, our shared impact, professional and personal rewards and challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]