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Oxygen evolution cocatalysts (OECs) play important roles in improving the efficiency of photocatalysts in solar water splitting. Inorganic–organic hybrid polymers (IOHPs), which have good electroly...

Thirty-six weaned piglets with an initial body weight (BW) of 8.43 ± 0.40 kg (28 days of age, ([Landrace × Yorkshire] × Duroc) were randomly assigned to 6 treatments for a 2-week feeding trial to determine the effects of different inorganic zinc (IZ), organic zinc (OZ) or combination of low crude protein diet (LP) and Mixed feed additive (MFA) on diarrhea score, nutrient digestibility, zinc utilization, blood profiles, organ weight, and fecal microflora in weaned piglet diet. The pigs were individually placed in 45 × 55 × 45 cm stainless steel metabolism cages in an environmentally controlled room (30 ± 1°C). The dietary treatments included a negative control (NC), positive control (PC; zinc oxide, 1,000 mg/kg), T1 (IZ : OZ, 850 : 150), T2 (IZ : OZ 700 : 300), T3 (IZ : OZ, 500 : 500), and T4 (LP + MFA [0.1% Essential oils + 0.08% Protease + 0.02% Xylanase]). The daily feed allowance was adjusted to 2.7 times the maintenance requirement for digestible energy (2.7 × 110 kcal of DE/kg BW0.75). This allowance was divided into two equal parts, and the piglets were fed at 08 : 30 and 17 : 30 each day. Water was provided ad libitum through a drinking nipple. The diarrhea score was significantly increased (p < 0.05) in NC treatment compared with other treatments. The apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of dry matter (DM), nitrogen (N), and gross energy (GE) was significantly increased (p < 0.05) in the T2 treatment compared with the PC and NC treatments in week 1. In week 2, the ATTD of DM, N, and GE was significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in the NC treatment compared with other treatments. The T3 treatment had significantly higher (p < 0.05) ATTD and apparent ileal digestibility of zinc than the PC and T1 treatments. The Escherichia coli count in feces was significantly decreased in the T4 treatment compared with the NC and T2 treatments. The Lactobacillus count in feces was significantly increased in the T4 and T1 treatment compared with the T2 and T3 treatments. In conclusion, IZ : OZ 500 : 500 levels could improve nutrient digestibility and zinc utilization in weaned piglets, Moreover, MFA in LP diets could be used as a zinc alternative.

Two new mixed-ligand-based compounds, namely [Co(1,3-pde)(4-bpmh)]n (1) and [Zn3(3,3���-bpdc)3(4-bpmh)1.5]n (2) (1,3-H2pde = 1,3-phenylenediacetic acid, 3,3���-H2bpdc = biphenyl-3,3'-dicarboxylic acid, 4-bpmh = N,N-bis-pyridin-4-ylmethylene-hydrazine) have been prepared under hydrothermal conditions. The obtained compounds were determined by singe crystalX-ray diffraction analyses, elemental analyses, powder X-ray diffraction analyses and thermogravimetric analyses. Moreover, the photocatalytic activity of 1 and luminescent property of 2 have also been investigated. This presented research estimate their treatment activity of the polycystic ovary syndrome, also the mechanism was measured as well. Firstly, a relative expression of the estrogen receptor on the ovarian epithelial cells was determined with real time RT-PCR. In addition, the amount of progesterone of the plasma was measured with ELISA detection kit after indicated treatment.

This study aimed to develop a highly selective extraction protocol for gold (AuIII) ions from electronic urban waste (EUW) using simple, low-cost Inorganic-organic mesoporous hybrid segregators. The unique features of mesoporous hybrid segregator architectures are of particular to ensure effective adsorption system in terms of selective and sensitive recovery of AuIII ions from EUW. The segregator platform featured 3D micrometric, mesocage double-serrated plant-leaf-like γ-Al2O3 sheets with hierarchy surfaces containing tri-modal mesopores interiorly and uniformly arranged toothed edges of ~20–40 and ~15 nm groove width and depth at the exterior surfaces, respectively. Rational incorporation of actively organic chelates into hierarchical γ-Al2O3 sheet platforms leads to the production of a couple of selective segregators 1 and 2 (namely, SC1 and SC2) for AuIII ions at specific conditions by applying batch and fixed-bed columnar techniques. The mesocage SC segregators offer a selective extraction approach of AuIII ions from mixed element contents released from a computer motherboard (CMB). Our finding indicated that the textural and hierarchal features of the mesocage SC segregators played key roles in the selective adsorption/recovery of AuIII ions at pH 2–2.5 with high capacity (136–141 mg/g range) and effective reusability ≫10 consecutive cycles. In general, the developed SCs could be utilized as a real extractor of AuIII recovery from spent CMBs.

Four inorganic-organic hybrid borates, K[B6O9(OH)(en)]·H2O (1, en = ethylenediamine), K[B6O9(OH)(1,3-dap)]·H2O (2, 1,3-dap = 1,3-diaminopropane), K[B6O9(OH)(1,6-dah)0.5]·H2O (3, 1,6-dah = 1,6-diaminlhexane) and [(1,3-dap)Cd@B5O8(OH)]·0.5H2O (4), were made under solvothermal conditions. 1 and 2 are isostructural and feature a 2D layer built by B6O9(OH) clusters and modified by en and 1,3-dap via B-N-C linkages. By replacing en and 1,3-dap with longer and more flexible 1,6-dah, a new type of oxoboron cluster organic framework 3 was obtained, which was composed of the same B6O9(OH) cluster layers as in 1 and 2 and 1,6-dah linkers. By replacing alkali metal K with transition metal Cd under similar synthetic conditions, another type of oxoboron cluster organic framework 4 was made in which the Cd-centered wheel cluster layers and 1,3-dap linkers were connected via Cd-N-C linkages.

A series of 11 compounds, including alkali (Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs) and alkaline-earth (Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba) coordination polymers, transition-metal (Cu, Cd) complexes, and the ammonium salt of 3,5-dimethylp...

Inorganic-organic hybrid perovskite (ABX3, A = organic cation, B = metal ion, X = halogen anion) combines the advantages of inorganic and organic materials. However, the properties and performance of mixed-halide CH3NH3PbBr2.5Cl0.5 (MAPbBr2.5Cl0.5) are still poorly understood. In this study, we synthetized MAPbBr2.5Cl0.5 single crystal and studied its structure, optical, thermal stability properties and optoelectronics applications for photodetector device. Compared with those of MAPbCl3, the interplanar distance of (100) crystal plane for MAPbBr2.5Cl0.5 becomes larger and the absorption spectrum of MAPbBr2.5Cl0.5 is extended to the visible region. The band gap of the MAPbBr2.5Cl0.5 single crystal is 2.28 eV. We find the device based on MAPbBr2.5Cl0.5 has high selectivity from 369 to 564 nm. The maximum ▴J (Jon– Joff) under 3.0 V bias voltage is about 1.2 µAcmr-2 at 454 nm visible light with 1 W mr-2 light intensity (1/1000 of the standard sunlight intensity), which proves the device has a high sensitivity. The linear relationship is established between the value of ▴J and light intensity and bias voltage. The fast current intensity transients (Fit) shows that the disappearance period of photocurrent density is 0.3 ms, which indicates the device is rapidly responsive photodetector. The highest value (1.7%) of external quantum efficiency (EQE) and the highest value of detectivities (D) both appear at 480 nm visible light at 4.0 V bias voltage when the irradiation power is 30 W m-2. Therefore, this simple and low-cost photoresponsive device is promising for industrial production of photodetector and photocatalysts device in the future.

Developing a high-rate Li metal anode with superior reversibility is a prerequisite for fast-charging Li metal batteries. However, the build-up of large concentration gradients under high current density leads to inhomogeneous Li deposition and unstable passivation layers of Li metal, resulting in lower Coulombic efficiency. Here we report a concentrated dual-salts LiFSI-LiNO3/DOL electrolyte to improve the high-rate performance of Li metal anode. Sufficient Li salts help passivate the fresh Li deposition quickly. Further, DOL contributes to the formation of flexible organic layers that can accommodate the rapid volume change of Li metal upon cycling. Li metal in the electrolyte remains stable over 240 cycles with the average Coulombic efficiency of 99.14% under a high current density of 8.0 mA cm−2.

Eight organic-inorganic hybrid salts [(HL1)(SbCl4)] (1) (L1 = N,N-dimethylbenzylamine), [(HL2)2(ZnCl4)] (2) (L2 = 4-chlorobenzylamine), [(HL2)(L2)(CuCl3)(H2O)2] (3), [(HL3)2(Sb2OCl6)] (4) (L3 = qui...

Field experiments were conducted during winter season of 2018-19 and 2019-20 with three sources of nutrient viz., inorganic, organics (FYM, VC and biofertilizers) and their integration as main treatments and five levels [S1-0 (0-0-0 kg NPK ha-1), S2-100% (120-60-40 kg NPK ha-1), S3-150% (180-90-60 kg NPK ha-1), S4-200% (240-120-80 kg NPK ha-1) and S5-Soil Test based (STV) NPK i.e. 149-176-33 kg ha-1 in split plot design with three replications. The chlorophyll content (‘a’, ‘b’ and total) in leaves and Soil Plant Analyzer Development (SPAD) value were recorded at crown root initiation (CRI), tillering, jointing and milking stage of wheat. The pooled data of findings revealed that the treatment with inorganic sources showed significant increase in the SPAD readings (9.62, 15.54, 23.77 and 29.83), chlorophyll ‘a’ (0.76, 0.83, 1.47 and 0.63 mg g-1 leaf tissue), ‘b’ (0.44, 0.78, 0.87 and 0.57 mg g-1 leaf tissue) and total (1.19, 1.64, 2.25 and 1.14 mg g-1 leaf tissue) chlorophyll content in leaves over organic source at all the growth stages. All the levels of nutrient were significantly increased the chlorophyll content and SPAD value over control at all the stages except chlorophyll ‘a’ at jointing and milking stage. However, amongst the levels 150% and 200% NPK were found significantly superior to 100% NPK for SPAD value (8.32 and 8.71 at CRI and 12.56 and 12.19 at tillering), chlorophyll ‘a’ (0.73 and 0.70 mg g-1 leaf tissue at CRI), chlorophyll ‘b’ (0.46 and 0.45 mg g-1 leaf tissue at CRI, 0.68 and 0.71 mg g-1 leaf tissue at tillering and 0.53 and 0.59 mg g-1 leaf tissue at milking), respectively. The interaction results suggested that the 200% NPK with inorganic and integrated sources significantly superior to 100% NPK for chlorophyll ‘a’ content at jointing and milking stage. The application of 150% and 200% NPK with inorganic source were found significantly higher over the same level of NPK with integrated source of nutrient for total chlorophyll content and SPAD value at all the growth stages except 150% NPK for total chlorophyll at jointing and milking stage and SPAD value at milking stage. The correlation between SPAD value and chlorophyll ’a’, ‘b’, total were found significantly and positively at all growth stages. Coefficient of determination values between SPAD and chlorophyll content showed linear relationship at all the growth stages.

Organic phototransistors (OPTs) have attracted enormous attention because of their promising applications in sensing, communication, and imaging. Currently, most OPTs reported utilize field-effect transistors (FETs) with relative long channel length which usually has undesired amplification because of their inherent low transconductance originated from their low channel capacitance, limiting the further improvement of performance. Herein, a vertical channel hybrid electrochemical phototransistor with a nanoscale channel and large transconductance (VECPT) is invented for the first time to achieve ultrahigh photoresponsivity along with a fast response speed. Benefiting from the nanoscale channel length and large transconductance, the photo-generated carriers in channel can be efficiently dissociated, transported, and amplified into the enlarged photocurrent output. Therefore, the devices deliver substantially improved optoelectronic performances with a photoresponsivity as high as ≈2.99 × 10

Harnessing the energy of photons by photocatalytic semiconducting materials is a topic of paramount interest in the present era because of its sustainable eco-friendly impact. The harnessed energy by photocatalyst is intricately employed for a plethora of photocatalytic applications, such as pollutant remediation, energy conversion, organic transformations and many more. Hence, the global research community has focused their interest on the design and development of cost-effective and actively efficient photocatalytic semiconductors crafted to the needs of a desired photocatalytic process. In this regard, the stimulation of a broad range of characterization techniques becomes an imperative necessity to reveal various physico-chemical properties of the semiconductor photocatalyst. This review aims to summarize the sophisticated characterisation techniques that are used to analyse various organic, inorganic and hybrid type photocatalysts by qualitative and quantitative methods. In detail, this review is centred on the techniques utilised to contemplate, as well as correlate the physical structure, topography, chemical state, elemental composition, electrochemical properties and band structures of a wide range of photocatalysts. The discussion of each characterization method consists of a concise fundamental explanation, followed by proper exemplification intended to disseminate to materials chemists, predominantly individuals who are near the beginning of their careers focused on the development of competent photocatalysts.

Two novel inorganic–organic hybrid 3D TM–Ln incorporated POM-based frameworks, H2[Cu2OL3(H2O)2][Ce(L)(H2O)3(PW11O39)]·17H2O (1) and H4[CuL3]2[Ln(H2O)3(PW11O39)]2·28H2O (2) (L = 4,4′-bipyridine), were hydrothermally synthesized at different temperatures. Structural analysis reveals that both compounds are constructed from [Ln(PW11O39)]4− polyoxoanions and different copper complexes. Interestingly, in compound 1, 2D copper complex layers and 1D chain [Ln(PW11O39)]4− polyoxoanions interconnect to form a 3D framework. In contrast, in compound 2, 1D copper complex chains join the 2D [Ln(PW11O39)]4− layers to give rise to a 3D framework. Both compounds exhibit excellent chemical stability. Furthermore, the dye adsorption and proton conduction properties of both compounds were also investigated. The conductivities of 1 and 2 are 3.175 × 10−4 S cm−1 and 1.750 × 10−4 S cm−1 at 85 °C and 98% RH, respectively. Dye adsorption studies indicate that they can selectively adsorb cationic dyes MB, CV and BR over anionic dyes MO, AO and large cationic RhB.

Although extensive research is being done to combat SARS-CoV-2, we are yet far away from a robust conclusion or strategy. With an increased amount of vaccine research, nanotechnology has found its way into vaccine technology. Researchers have explored the use of various nanostructures for delivering the vaccines for enhanced efficacy. Apart from acting as delivery platforms, multiple studies have shown the application of inorganic nanoparticles in suppressing the growth as well as transmission of the virus. The present review gives a detailed description of various inorganic nanomaterials which are being explored for combating SARS-CoV-2 along with their role in suppressing the transmission of the virus either through air or by contact with inanimate surfaces. The review further discusses the use of nanoparticles for development of an antiviral coating that may decrease adhesion of SARS-CoV-2. A separate section has been included describing the role of nanostructures in biosensing and diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2. The role of nanotechnology in providing an alternative therapeutic platform along with the role of radionuclides in SARS-CoV-2 has been described briefly. Based on ongoing research and commercialization of this nanoplatform for a viral disease, the nanomaterials show the potential in therapy, biosensing, and diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2.

Three inorganic–organic hybrid gallo-/alumino-borates [Ga2B7O14(OH)]·H2dah (1, dah = 1,6-diaminohexane), K2[Ga2B7O14(OH)(en)0.5] (2, en = ethylenediamine), and K2[Al2B7O14(OH)(en)0.5]·H2O (3) were ...

Background:: Surface modification of nanoparticles with targeting moieties can be achieved through bioconjugation chemistries to impart new Functionalities. Various polymeric nanoparticles have been used for the formulation of nanoparticles such as naturally-occurring protein cages, virus-like particles, polymeric saccharides, and liposomes. These polymers have been proven to be biocompatible, side effects free and degradable with no toxicity. Objectives:: This paper reviews available literature on the nanoparticles pharmaceutical and medical applications. The review highlights and updates the customized solutions for selective drug delivery systems that allow high-affinity binding between nanoparticles and the target receptors. Methods:: Bibliographic databases and web-search engines were used to retrieve studies that assessed the usability of nanoparticles in the pharmaceutical and medical fields. Data were extracted on each system in vivo and in vitro applications, its advantages and disadvantages, and its ability to be chemically and genetically modified to impart new functionalities. Finally, a comparison between naturally occurring and their synthetic counterparts was carried out. Results:: The results showed that nanoparticles-based systems could have promising applications in diagnostics, cell labeling, contrast agents (Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Computed Tomography), antimicrobial agents, and as drug delivery systems. However, precautions should be taken to avoid or minimize toxic effect or incompatibility of nanoparticles-based systems with the biological systems in case of pharmaceutical or medical applications. Conclusion:: This review presented a summary of recent developments in the field of pharmaceutical nanotechnology and highlighted the challenges and the merits that some of the nanoparticles- based systems both in vivo and in vitro systems.

A new hybrid compound consisting of 1,4-bis(4-pyridylthio)butane ([Bpytb]) ligand, namely {[Bpytb]Ag2I3}n (1), has been prepared and characterized by IR spectroscopy, solid UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectrum, X-ray Powder Diffraction (PXRD) and TG. Compound 1 consists of 1D anion chain structure. Crystal system: Monoclinic, Space group: P2/c, a = 4.5092(3), b = 11.1895(9), c = 21.3893(14), α= 90°, β= 92.907(2)°, γ= 90°, V = 1077.82(13) Å3, Z = 2, Dcalc = 2.693 g cm–3. The photocatalytic property of compound 1 was also studied and it exhibits a better degradation effect on organic dye MB.

Tough micro-double-network (mu-DN) ion gels, composed of interpenetrating inorganic and organic networks swollen with 80 wt % of an ionic liquid, were fabricated in an open system using nonvolatile materials: silica nanoparticles for the inorganic network, a cross-linkable polymer for the organic network, and an ionic liquid. The cross-linkable copolymer, poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide-co-N-succinimidyl acrylate) synthesized by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization, was cross-linked in situ with a diamine to form the organic network. On the application of load, the inorganic network was partly destroyed resulting in substantial energy dissipation, but the organic network acted as hidden length to suppress the macroscopic destruction of the mu-DN ion gel. The modulus, fracture strength, and strain-to-break of the mu-DN ion gels were tuned by varying the cross-linking degree of the organic network, which could be controlled by changing either the succinimidyl acrylate content of the cross-linkable polymer or the cross-linkable polymer concentration in the precursor solution.

In order to solve the problem caused by oil spills and organic solvent contamination, novel magnetically inorganic/organic superhydrophobic fabrics are fabricated via a facile method. Cotton fabrics are immersed in a mixture of functionalized Co

The search for catalysts with a perfect substrate selectivity toward the hydrogenation of nitroarenes is a goal of high importance, which still remains a significant challenge. Here, we designed a new type of catalyst with superior substrate selectivity by combining a space-confined effect and a hydrogen-bonding network, in which metal nanoparticles (MNPs) were confined in hierarchical hollow silica (HHS) with a poly(

A rare 3D porous inorganic–organic polyoxoniobate framework based on the cubic polyoxoniobate-cupric-complex cage {[Cu(en)2]@{[Cu2(en)2(trz)2]6(Nb68O188)}} (1a), has been successfully synthesized b...

We have studied the effect of lead (II) cyanate Pb (OCN)2 additive on photovoltaic properties of inverted planar solar cells based on inorganic-organic hybrid perovskite CH3NH3PbI3. The active layers of the solar cells were fabricated with a reaction between CH3NH3I and a mixture of PbI2 and Pb (OCN)2. The highest power conversion efficiency was 15%. Hysteresis behaviors in JV curves were reduced. The lifetime of the solar cells was dramatically increased. SEM images indicated that crystallite sizes were enlarged. The OCN groups were not incorporated into crystals from infrared measurements. These results suggest that Pb (OCN)2 affect mainly the crystallization process of CH3NH3PbI3.

Inorganic–organic nanocomposite gas barrier membranes with high content of layered double hydroxide (LDH) using surface modified LDH on plastic film were prepared by cross-linking reaction. The effect of LDH content on the gas barrier properties [oxygen permeation and water vapor transmission rate (WVTR)] of the membrane was investigated. The oxygen permeability coefficient of the nanocomposite layer was small, and about one-tenth of polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC) and WVTR (thickness 25 µm) of the nanocomposite layer was on the same order as PVDC. The pencil hardness (750 g load) of the nanocomposite membrane was higher than that of substrate, polyethylene terephthalate film. The value was HB. The balance between high gas barrier properties and hardness were thought to be due to the well-dispersed inorganic component (LDH) and organic component in the nanocomposite. From the results, it was found that the reported inorganic–organic nanocomposite membranes can be applied to gas barrier membranes.

Quantitative analysis of receptor protein expression is essential to give new insights into tumor-related research. Benefitting from their high sensitivity and low background, photoelectrochemical ...

Graphical abstract, Inorganic or inorganic-organic hybrid nanomaterials have great potential for applications in the biomedical fields. Biological half-life is an essential pharmacokinetic parameter for these materials to function in vivo. Compared to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), which is the gold standard, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a faster and more efficient elemental detection method. We investigated an efficient way to quantify the metabolic rate using LIBS. Nanoparticle platforms, such as manganese dioxide-bovine serum albumin (MnO2-BSA) or boehmite-bovine serum albumin (AlO(OH)-BSA) were injected into mice through intravenous administration for LIBS spectrum acquisition. First, the spectral background was corrected using the polynomial fitting method; The spectral interference was eliminated by Lorentz fitting for each LIBS spectrum simultaneously. The support vector regression (SVR) was then used for LIBS quantitative analyses. Finally, the LIBS results were compared with the ICP-MS ones. The half-lives of MnO2-BSA calculated by LIBS and ICP-MS were 2.49 and 2.42 h, respectively. For AlO(OH)-BSA, the half-lives detected by LIBS and ICP-MS were 3.46 and 3.57 h, respectively. The relative error of LIBS is within 5% compared to ICP-MS. The results demonstrate that LIBS is a valuable tool for quantifying the metabolic rates with a high degree of accuracy.

We have previously reported tough inorganic/organic nanocomposite (NC) ion gels composed of silica particles and poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) (PDMAAm) networks and a large amount of ionic liquid. In this study, the network structure and toughening mechanism of NC ion gels were investigated. The NC ion gels showed characteristic mechanical properties; i.e. the stress was significantly increased at a highly elongated state. In addition, the NC ion gels showed an almost elastic mechanical property, which was completely different from that of our other developed inorganic/organic tough ion gels named double-network (DN) ion gels. It was found from structural observation that secondary silica nanoparticles dispersed well in the NC ion gel. It was also found that some of the secondary silica nanoparticles had a ring-like structure which would incorporate PDMAAm chains. From the silica particle content dependency on stress-strain curves of inorganic/organic NC ion gels, it was inferred that the secondary silica particles could serve as a movable cross-linker of PDMAAm chains in the NC ion gel.

Inorganic organic (IO) hybrids where inserted conducting organic polymer (COP) imprints their polymeric nature onto the hybrid material are one of the most promising candidates for solving many technological problems of modern technocratic society. The Inorganic-organic hybrid material of para toluidine (organic) & mercuric chloride (inorganic) was synthesized by using “instant-heating and slow-cooling” technique. Some light orange coloured plate-like crystals were obtained. XRD pattern of the grown crystal were analysed which shows that crystal has been grown into monoclinic crystal system in which a ≠ b ≠ c [10.061(4) A ≠ 4.317(2) A ≠ 12.987(5) A] & α=γ= 90 o ≠ β [α = γ = 90 o , β=104.322(7) o ] and belongs to space group p2 1 .Analysis of secondary interactions shows that such material has potential application in opto electronics.

Designing the efficient inorganic/organic hybrid light harvesting systems through understanding of charge generation, separation, and recombination dynamics is an important pathway for improvement ...

Six organic-inorganic hybrid salts, ([(HL1)2(CdCl4)(H2O)] (1) (L1 = 2-(imidazol-1-yl)-1-phenylethanone), [(HL2)2(ZnCl4)(H2O)] (2) (L2 = 6-bromobenzo[d]thiazol-2-amine), [(H2L3)2(CdCl4)2(CH3OH)] (3)...

Charge transfer and recombination across the inorganic/organic interface in nanocrystal or quantum dot (QD)-molecule hybrid materials have been extensively studied. Principles of controlling charge transfer and recombination via energetics and electronic coupling have been established. However, the use of electron spin to control transfer and recombination pathways in such systems remains relatively underexplored. Here we use CdS QD-alizarin (AZ) as a model system to demonstrate this principle. Using time-resolved spectroscopy, we found that the charge-separated states (QD

Intrinsic healing materials based on reversible bonds possessing the unique adaptive properties of self-healing and recyclability have attracted considerable attention. One of the major challenges in intrinsic healing materials that remains is how to reinforce the mechanical property without sacrificing healing efficiency. Here, furfuryl-modified silica particles (furan@SiO2) with high functional group grafting ratio and dispersibility, formed by sol–gel process, were introduced into the maleimide-terminated polyurethane (mPU) elastomer to establish a thermo-reversible organic–inorganic network based on Diels–Alder reaction between furan@SiO2 and mPU. The modulus and strength of the elastomeric composites were significantly enhanced compared to neat mPU. Due to the reversible crosslinking points and organic–inorganic network, the thermo-reversible polyurethane elastomeric composites maintained favourable mechanical properties with excellent thermo-driven self-healing efficiency. Moreover, the corresponding elastomeric composites retained high repair efficiency after multiple healing processes. Furthermore, the thermo-reversible polyurethane elastomeric composites could be recycled via solution casting and hot-pressing due to the thermally reversible cross-linking point. Such excellent combination of mechanical and self-healing performance reveals the potential of this new approach in designing self-healing hybrid materials with tunable structures and mechanical properties.