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This paper aims to quantify the innovation ecosystem model for allowing the development of smart products at the country level. In this regard, the research used an empirical approach to scale and validate the six dimensions of an innovation ecosystem model among the small and medium-sized enterprises of 21 European countries. The quantitative methods of panel data analysis and Pearson correlation tests between variables of the innovation ecosystem and smart products were considered to examine six research hypotheses. Three dimensions of the innovation ecosystem model, i.e., configuration, change, and capability, have enough effects to accelerate high levels of smart products in the small and medium-sized enterprises of European countries, supporting the external and internal economic partnerships of institutions and companies, cultural changes in functional status, and knowledge-based capabilities of technological skills in each ecosystem. In addition, hierarchical clustering analysis for the classification of the countries showed that some countries, e.g., the United Kingdom, Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland, Germany, Denmark, France, and Norway, could support their powerful smart products for small and medium-sized enterprises at the national level due to their high mean innovation ecosystem values. Overall, the research can describe the managerial implications regarding the knowledge-based capabilities of the technological skills in each ecosystem to be utilized by managers and stakeholders in small and medium-sized enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the results of the research of the institutional structure of innovation ecosystems, which was completed within a grant from the European Union (#R076 CAROTS of Interreg Baltic Sea Region 2019–2021). A new actor, an institutional formation of innovation ecosystems, is highlighted and described: Small (Specialized) Scientific Service Companies (SSSC). The statistical survey, microeconomic analysis, case studies and in-depth interviews with Russian and European companies made it possible to create an SSSC business model and formulate its main building blocks, which point to the institutional specialization and unique function of an innovation ecosystem: acceleration of the technological transfer by providing scientific services (R&D, measurements, trials, analysis and testing) for startups and industry. SSSC are highly specialized scientific service micro and small private companies, founded by researchers with the goal of commercializing the founders' scientific competencies. The presence of its own lab facilities and the R&D competencies of the founders define SSSC as an mediator in the innovation process, whose scientific services accelerate the development of new products and technology by startups and the research and development carried out by the divisions of industrial enterprises. The nature and process of the self-organization of SSSC in innovation ecosystems is analyzed. The economic indicators of the pan-European segment of SSSC, the competition factors and the contractual relationships with the actors (subjects) of the ecosystems are examined: industry, startups, universities, research infrastructure. The area for future research of SSSC focused on developing the business efficiency of the actors in innovation ecosystems is set out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cities evolve rapidly while providing both opportunities and posing challenges. To cope with the emerging behaviours of cities, contextual innovations and development are essential. Driving innovations through the learning of contextual knowledge in cities is crucial. In this study, we explore relevant studies to identify the frameworks for human-centric innovations in cities that consider learning from within and/or across cities. We analyse how learning in cities has been addressed in those studies and find that even though some aspects of learning in cities have been studied, a comprehensive framework for how cities can learn as an innovation ecosystem is missing. Based on the findings of a scoping review and insights from the theories of the Triple, Quadruple and Quintuple helices of innovation, we present a high-level conceptual model for cities as innovation ecosystems. The model is aimed to support sustainable human-centric development through the understanding of city learning through multilevel interactions and feedback. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To date, research on ecosystems has separated them into three categories, namely business, innovation, and entrepreneurial; however, few studies have analyzed their outputs in terms of innovative business creation. Innovative business creation can differ between university spin-offs and innovative start-ups, and as far as we know, a comparison of the performance of each with respect to growth in sales has not yet been provided. This paper contributes to providing theoretical and empirical insights into the performance of innovation ecosystems, university spin-offs (USOs) and innovative start-ups (ISs) in Italy and the effectiveness of ecosystem-level interactions. Through the lens of the innovation system, the paper examines two datasets of 305 university spin-offs and 1494 innovative start-ups in Italy, including firm-specific, university-specific, industry-specific, time-specific and ecosystem-specific data. The empirical research takes place via panel data regression that compares the performances of university spin-offs and innovative start-ups, measured by growth in sales. It emerges that sales growth is positively related to ISs performance, while innovativeness and network building does not leverage growth for all companies in the same way. Not surprisingly, innovative start-ups in High R&D sectors show higher rates of growth in sales than USOs and are more closely connected with the regional innovation ecosystem. Thus, to enhance growth for other early-stage innovative companies, especially if coming from academia or sectors with lower R&D investments, it is important to invest in R&D activities, in building relationships in the commercial world, and in particular in enhancing relationships regarding sale activities, including staff exchange, specific training and ecosystem events regarding innovation ecosystems, intertwining national, regional and sectorial systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rise of research on the integration of emergence theory and complex systems, value emergence has become a new model of value creation in green innovation ecosystems. Exploring the research status of green innovation ecosystems from the perspective of value emergence has become a research hotspot in the field of management science. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to use bibliometric methods, explore the current research status of green innovation ecosystems from the perspective of value emergence, and, more importantly, provide a future direction for the integration of emergence theory into complex systems. In this paper, a search was conducted in the Web of Science and CNKI databases, with a time limit from 2009 to May 2023, and through further screening, 159 articles were collected, and CiteSpace software (CiteSpace.6.3.R1) was used for visualizing and exploring bibliometric networks. This study innovatively introduce the value emergence perspective in the context of green innovation ecosystems. The basic interaction, dynamic promotion, and feedback loop of value emergence are taken as the research framework, and the generation mechanism and dynamic evolution of the green innovation ecosystem are analyzed. Finally, three prospects for future research are presented: How do green innovation entities generate basic resources? How do digital transformation and dynamic capabilities promote emerging value? How do internal models and external identifiers promote feedback loops? This paper is highly important for promoting theoretical exploration in the field of green innovation research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research addresses the critical opportunities and challenges confronting economic sustainability for hydrocarbon-based economies. The primary objective is to advocate for a transformative shift towards diversified and knowledge-centric economic models to ensure long-term sustainability. The literature review exposes vulnerabilities in hydrocarbon-based economies. The study innovatively explores multifaceted dimensions of economic diversification, including governance issues, societal well-being, and the necessity for robust ecosystem frameworks. Utilizing a qualitative case study methodology, the research investigates Qatar's initiatives, such as the Qatar National Vision 2030 and government programs, aiming to reduce dependence on hydrocarbons and foster innovation. Insightful semi-structured interviews provide nuanced perspectives on innovation in the hydrocarbon context with business and academic professionals. The primary data collection method involved the following distinct groups: five business professionals and eleven academic experts, representing eight outstanding local and external organizations. Key findings underscore a holistic view of innovation, associating it with practical solutions, adaptability, and transformative potential, showcasing diverse approaches ranging from business-centric to collaborative and user-centric methods. Identified challenges in the education system, the urgency for a matured innovation ecosystem, and opportunities in sustainable energy further enrich the study. Moreover, this research examines the challenges and mitigation strategies associated with economic diversification in hydrocarbon-driven economies, focusing on Qatar. The research recommends sustained efforts in economic diversification, educational reform, and technological integration for hydrocarbon-based economies. Policymakers, businesses, and academics can leverage these insights to navigate the complexities of resource dependency and ensure long-term viability. The commitment to addressing challenges faced by hydrocarbon-dependent nations remains crucial, with a dedication to fostering economic diversity, innovation, and educational excellence for a resilient and prosperous future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In innovation ecosystems, actors from various industries co-create innovations within a complementary and modular architecture. Due to the uniqueness of any innovation ecosystem, research, specifically on actors, is context-specific, posing challenges in generalising results. To address this challenge, and to advance the understanding of actors and the underlying mechanisms influencing them, we conducted a systematic literature review. We identify and analyse 81 peer-reviewed articles on actors in innovation ecosystems, that we organise in a research framework. By doing so, we synthesise literature, provide a comprehensive overview of internal- and external-factors on organizational- and ecosystem-level influencing actors in innovation ecosystems, and identify outcomes and performances of this setting. Further, we propose a typology of actors in innovation ecosystems in terms of the interplay of their activities. By critically evaluating current literature, we determine gaps of knowledge, that hinder a holistic understanding of innovation ecosystems, and offer approaches to address them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing prevalence of dementia demands innovative solutions; however, existing technological products often lack tailored support for individuals living with this condition. The Living Lab approach, as a collaborative innovation method, holds promise in addressing this issue by actively involving end-users in the design and development of solutions adapted to their needs. Despite this potential, the approach still faces challenges due to its lack of recognition as a research methodology and its absence of tailored guidelines, particularly in dementia care, prompting inquiries into its effectiveness. This narrative review aims to fill this gap by identifying and analysing digital health Living Labs focusing on dementia solutions. Additionally, it proposes guidelines for enhancing their operations, ensuring sustainability, scalability, and greater impact on dementia care. Fifteen Living Labs were identified and analyzed. Based on trends, best practices, and literature, the guidelines emphasize user engagement, interdisciplinary collaboration, technological infrastructure, regulatory compliance, transparent innovation processes, impact measurement, sustainability, scalability, dissemination, and financial management. Implementing these guidelines can enhance the effectiveness and long-term impact of Living Labs in dementia care, fostering new collaborations globally.

Open innovation, which blurs the boundaries of organizations using inflows and outflows of knowledge to boost their innovation processes, has transformed the innovation paradigm, evolving from higher degrees of protectionism to cooperative relationships. Nevertheless, frequently the management of the huge amount of information and data generated in an open innovation ecosystem requires the use of information and communication technologies. In this context, artificial intelligence can be a major help to profit from all the opportunities derived from open innovation. Considering the growing body of academic literature dealing with the use of artificial intelligence tools in the context of open innovation environments, the objective of this article is revealing the main references, the academic trends and the hottest topics dealing with this subject, disentangling the knowledge structure of the research through a bibliometric analysis carried out over 63 papers selected from Web of Science database, using both co-word analysis and bibliographic coupling. The recent burst in the academic production anticipates a potentially massive interest in this topic, which is studied by the literature at three different levels (operational, managerial, and social). This study reveals the existence of relevant research opportunities, specially related with the management of the potential conflicts that may stem from the fuzzy ownership of the data generated by an artificial intelligence, and the roles of the different agents in such context.

Digital agricultural innovation ecosystems defined the notion of agricultural innovation ecosystems in regional areas. Developing a data economy for agriculture based on digital spaces necessitates an awareness of and proficiency with digital innovation ecosystems. The digital formation of agriculture has played a great role in enhancing agrarian production, encouraging the ecological development of the agricultural economy, and accomplishing sustainable economic goals. The profound integration of the digital economy and the agriculture industry has become a major concern. A multifaceted technology expansion across the agricultural economy, a Remote Sensing Assisted Digital Agriculture Innovation Ecosystem (RS-DAIE) has been developed to enhance country-level digital agriculture requirements. Therefore, simple guidelines for building an efficient marketing strategy are crucial for expanding access to healthy food options and fostering the growth of organic farmers locally and internationally. The trial findings show that RS-DAIE has the finest accuracy by 98.9%, reliability rate by 99.3%, data transmission by 97.3%, and moisture content ratios, which are better than other technologies.

The article analyses the dynamics of start-up growth in Brazil highlighting the role of government, companies, venture capital and the innovation system in start-up policy. The most significant recent change in the Brazilian start-up ecosystem was the rise of growth-oriented entrepreneurship and start-ups. The 2021 Brazilian Legal Framework of Start-ups and Innovative Entrepreneurship is a milestone as it establishes mechanisms for the acquisition of products/services by the government provided by start-ups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates how, why, and under which conditions incumbents and new entrants realign in innovation ecosystems to collectively tackle the grand challenge (GC) of climate change. The discussion on innovation and GCs is still lacking sufficient theoretical underpinnings and empirical insights to make sense of the role of for‐profit firms and their collaborative innovation efforts to address the GCs of our times. We introduce innovation ecosystems as a theoretical lens for understanding the combinations of technological interfaces and strategic relations that firms can employ to craft value propositions with high potential for tackling GCs. Empirically, this study focuses on the GC of climate change that requires a transformation of the electricity sector. We investigate collaborative pilot projects between 10 international electric utilities and 57 clean‐tech startups. In these pilots, incumbents and new entrants explore low‐carbon value propositions through novel technological interfaces and strategic relations. Via qualitative comparative analysis, we identify three configurations of ecosystem realignment with high climate impact: an incumbent‐led digital platform realignment, a device complementor and customer‐enabling realignment, and a new orchestrator realignment. Based on a multiple case analysis, we uncover three innovation mechanisms that explain why these specific configurations unlock climate impact: they enhance resource efficiency, the flexibility and resilience of infrastructure, and the trading and leveraging of information and resources. On this basis, we contribute to the literature at the intersection of innovation management and GCs by developing theory that explicates (1) how the realignment of incumbents and startups in innovation ecosystems changes existing industry structures; (2) why specific configurations of such ecosystems are associated with high climate impact and are thus effective in addressing GCs; and (3) the boundary conditions under which collective innovation efforts in ecosystems can translate into climate impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the digital revolution accelerates and expands in the business world, governments must transform the workforce experience to drive the economy and align it with the changes of the future. In this paper, an innovative and advanced methodological approach for assessing the composite relational dynamics supporting innovative and sustainable entrepreneurial ecosystems is investigated. This research uses the hierarchical decision model (HDM) to construct a generalized ecosystem assessment framework for entrepreneurship and innovation ecosystem strategies to increase the adoption of innovation in sustainable entrepreneurship. The research focuses on the policies and strategies generating all kinds of innovations and propose a model with a comprehensive set of measures to help policy and strategy development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Entrepreneurial universities have become a key concept in debates concerning regional economic development. Yet, we still fall short of having a clear comprehension of the enablers of such localized impacts arising from academic activity. Such conditions are particularly critical for the context of developing countries, which have mostly mimicked initiatives taking place in the context of developed markets. To address these issues, we analyze the impacts generated by research-intensive universities on local innovation ecosystems. We apply a combination of econometric and case study methods for the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Results suggest that research-intensive universities, mostly public universities, positively impact their respective innovation ecosystems. Moreover, qualified research funds and the existence of a support structure (incubators and science and technology parks) significantly enhance the impacts generated by research-intensive universities. These findings highlight the relationship between the internal constraints of universities and their capacity to generate impacts on local ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to discuss how organizations can drive organizational performance through human capital (HC) investment through systematic thinking. Design/methodology/approach: This study analyzes three companies from various industries, adopts systems thinking and uses three leading indicators from the balanced scorecard framework to explore the effects of strategic orientations for HC on innovation ecosystems and organizational performance. Findings: In terms of academic contributions, this study broadly verifies the innovation ecosystem model for organizations and reveals that customer-oriented, internal process-oriented and innovation learning-oriented HC strategies reinforce the pathways in organizational innovation ecosystems, thereby enriching the literature on innovation ecosystems. Practical implications: In terms of practical contributions, this study provides a novel HC-based perspective on developmental dynamics and details the relationships among each aspect of the innovation ecosystem and HC strategies. Originality/value: The proposed architecture and strategic frameworks provide a reference for corporations to implement strategic orientations of HC, drive operations in organizational innovation ecosystems and improve organizational performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crisis highlights conflicts but also helps disparate organisations rally around common objectives through forming ecosystemic relationships. To improve future crisis response, we study the influence of crisis-driven transitions on innovation in ecosystems. We illustrate the study with the dynamics of hydrogen innovation at Enel. Here, innovation caters to multiple value propositions; therefore, we define interecosystemic innovation as an innovation that addresses the value propositions of more than one ecosystem. The unexpected disruption caused by the energy crisis focuses attention on a single value proposition, thus fomenting the dynamic, temporal sequencing of interecosystemic innovation. This increases activity in the ecosystem core as well as interaction with the ecosystem periphery, allowing more rapid innovation iterations throughout the ecosystem. When operating in the intercept of ecosystems, firms need to consider the multiple value propositions of ecosystem participants to identify and mitigate tensions that may impede innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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There are tremendous challenges in meeting the 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs) of Agenda 2030. A collaborative search for solutions is needed to tackle the complex and novel problems at the crux of these challenges. This requires local government and companies to join forces with other stakeholders. This collaboration usually takes the form of new Public-Private partnerships (PPPs) in emerging innovation ecosystems focused on the SDGs. These ecosystems are integrated through relational business models - multisided platforms with heterogeneous stakeholders and multidimensional utilities. Using the newly developed stakeholder resource-based view (SRBV), we have identified some characteristics of these business models and of their complex relational governance. We recognize that a lot of work is still needed to define the right governance for PPPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to provide a first attempt towards analysis innovation ecosystems for cardiovascular pathologies in Germany through the use of a stakeholder model. We present essential stakeholders for the development and deployment of innovations in the field of cardiovascular research and medicine, and the primary functions they fulfill in the context of these innovation ecosystems. The adopted approach consists of the implementation of a multilevel system model for analyzing stakeholders in this particular field. Data acquisition transpired through systematic literature review of multiple articles and studies. Data analysis phases were executed until reaching a point at which the considerable amount of data was discovered, ensuring consistency across various sources. We demonstrate that innovation ecosystems in cardiovascular medicine involve interconnected networks of stakeholders across different fields. Moreover, through an investigation of innovation ecosystems of cardiovascular pathologies particularly in Germany, we present the functions undertaken by each stakeholder, which are essential for the participation in the innovation ecosystems. The findings presented in this paper hold the potential to bring better understanding of cardiovascular pathology innovation ecosystems in Germany. This assertion is substantiated through a comprehensive examination of relevant scientific literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inter-organisational openness in megaproject innovation ecosystems helps stimulate innovation synergies (thereby promoting value creation), but it also may induce opportunistic behaviours such as imitation (thereby destroying value capture). Such a paradox of openness has received little attention. Previous studies have explored the paradox of openness primarily from the firm-centric perspective, without investigations at the ecosystem level. Based on evolutionary game theory, this study models and analyses actors’ behavioural strategy choices (innovating or imitating) in the megaproject innovation ecosystem, in order to understand how the paradox of openness develops in this ecosystem and how it can be reconciled. We find that there are two possible equilibrium states for the evolutionary game in this ecosystem: all actors innovating, or all actors imitating. The latter means that opportunism spreads and leads to ecosystem failure, revealing the consequences of the openness paradox not being properly addressed. A series of factors jointly determine the direction of evolution, and mechanisms such as cost subsidies and innovation rewards can also affect it, providing theoretical references for ecosystem governance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluates the presence of sustainability parameters in the product development process, especially in the early stages of innovation, using the Sustainability Technology Readiness Level (STRL) tool. STRL assesses the initial planning of products or product and service systems (PSS) and suggests possibilities for incorporating sustainable features in the short, medium, and long term based on responses from startups (EBTs). The research was conducted in two ecosystems at different maturity levels: Florianópolis (Brazil), a more mature stage, and Santander (Colombia), which is growing, considering their cultural and social differences. To validate the STRL tool, four out of the eighteen winning startups from the MuEBTe SANTANDER public funding project in Colombia were selected. Characteristics of the two researched ecosystems, their actors, strengths, approaches, and expansion possibilities were identified and compared. The innovation lies in establishing a sustainable baseline when applying the tool by acquiring the front-end characteristic matrix. It was observed that sustainability as a variable has relevance and independence from product design in product planning, allowing for the selection of short, medium, and long-term actions throughout the product's lifecycle. It was concluded that considering sustainability involves context and vision, resulting in significant choices of materials, processes, and production methods that add value and appreciation for the customer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rise of research on the integration of emergence theory and complex systems, value emergence has become a new model of value creation in green innovation ecosystems. Exploring the research status of green innovation ecosystems from the perspective of value emergence has become a research hotspot in the field of management science. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to use bibliometric methods, explore the current research status of green innovation ecosystems from the perspective of value emergence, and, more importantly, provide a future direction for the integration of emergence theory into complex systems. In this paper, a search was conducted in the Web of Science and CNKI databases, with a time limit from 2009 to May 2023, and through further screening, 159 articles were collected, and CiteSpace software (CiteSpace.6.3.R1) was used for visualizing and exploring bibliometric networks. This study innovatively introduce the value emergence perspective in the context of green innovation ecosystems. The basic interaction, dynamic promotion, and feedback loop of value emergence are taken as the research framework, and the generation mechanism and dynamic evolution of the green innovation ecosystem are analyzed. Finally, three prospects for future research are presented: How do green innovation entities generate basic resources? How do digital transformation and dynamic capabilities promote emerging value? How do internal models and external identifiers promote feedback loops? This paper is highly important for promoting theoretical exploration in the field of green innovation research.