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34 results on '"Innes, E.A."'

2. The value of livestock abortion surveillance in Tanzania: identifying disease priorities and informing interventions

Author

Lankester, F., primary, Kibona, T., additional, Allan, K.J., additional, de Glanville, W.A., additional, Buza, J.J., additional, Katzer, F., additional, Halliday, J.E.B., additional, Mmbaga, BT., additional, Wheelhouse, N., additional, Innes, E.A., additional, Thomas, K.M., additional, Nyasebwa, O.M., additional, Swai, E.S., additional, Claxton, J.R., additional, and Cleaveland, S., additional

Published
2024
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11. Global selective sweep of a highly inbred genome of the cattle parasite Neospora caninum

Author

Khan, A., Fujita, A.W., Randle, N., Regidor-Cerrillo, J., Shaik, J.S., Shen, K., Oler, A.J., Quinones, M., Latham, S.M., Akanmori, B.D., Cleaveland, S., Innes, E.A., Ryan, U., Šlapeta, J., Schares, G., Ortega-Mora, L.M., Dubey, J.P., Wastling, J.M., Grigg, M.E., Khan, A., Fujita, A.W., Randle, N., Regidor-Cerrillo, J., Shaik, J.S., Shen, K., Oler, A.J., Quinones, M., Latham, S.M., Akanmori, B.D., Cleaveland, S., Innes, E.A., Ryan, U., Šlapeta, J., Schares, G., Ortega-Mora, L.M., Dubey, J.P., Wastling, J.M., and Grigg, M.E.

Abstract

Neospora caninum, a cyst-forming apicomplexan parasite, is a leading cause of neuromuscular diseases in dogs as well as fetal abortion in cattle worldwide. The importance of the domestic and sylvatic life cycles of Neospora, and the role of vertical transmission in the expansion and transmission of infection in cattle, is not sufficiently understood. To elucidate the population genomics of Neospora, we genotyped 50 isolates collected worldwide from a wide range of hosts using 19 linked and unlinked genetic markers. Phylogenetic analysis and genetic distance indices resolved a single genotype of N. caninum. Whole-genome sequencing of 7 isolates from 2 different continents identified high linkage disequilibrium, significant structural variation, but only limited polymorphism genome-wide, with only 5,766 biallelic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) total. Greater than half of these SNPs (∼3,000) clustered into 6 distinct haploblocks and each block possessed limited allelic diversity (with only 4 to 6 haplotypes resolved at each cluster). Importantly, the alleles at each haploblock had independently segregated across the strains sequenced, supporting a unisexual expansion model that is mosaic at 6 genomic blocks. Integrating seroprevalence data from African cattle, our data support a global selective sweep of a highly inbred livestock pathogen that originated within European dairy stock and expanded transcontinentally via unisexual mating and vertical transmission very recently, likely the result of human activities, including recurrent migration, domestication, and breed development of bovid and canid hosts within similar proximities.

Published
2019

29. <em>Theileria annulata</em> and <em>T. parva</em> infect and transform different bovine mononuclear cells.

Author

Spooner, R.L., Innes, E.A., Glass, E.J., and Brown, C.G.D.

Subjects
*BLOOD cells, *MONOCLONAL antibodies, *THEILERIA parva, *T cells, *MAJOR histocompatibility complex, *B cells
Abstract

Bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were labelled with monoclonal antibodies recognizing bovine MHC class II, sIgM, monocyte, T-helper and T-cytotoxic cell phenotypes. They were sorted into positive and negative populations with a fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS). The cell populations were infected in vitro with sporozoites of either Theileria annulata or T. parva, and the degree of infection and transformation determined. The results showed that despite the many similarities between these two parasites, they infected different cells of the immune system. T. annulata preferentially infected MHC class II-positive cells but did not infect T cells. Monocytes were infected very efficiently by T. annulata but were uninfectable with T. parva. B cells were infected much more efficiently by T. annulata than T. parva. Cell lines derived from infections with T. annulata were analysed phenotypically. Virtually all reactivity was lost for the anti-sIgM and the anti-monocyte monoclonal antibodies post-infection and no T-cell markers were detected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1989

30. In vitro infection of bovine alloreactive cytotoxic T cell lines with sporozoites of Theileria annulataand T parva

Author

INNES, E.A., MILLAR, P., GLASS, E.J., BROWN, C.G.D., and SPOONER, R.L.

Abstract

Bovine alloreactive cytotoxic lymphocyte (ctl)lines of known target specificity were infected in vitro with sporozoites of Theileria annulataand T parvaand cultured in limiting dilution. The phenotypes of the ctllines both pre- and post infection were assessed using a panel of monoclonal antibodies specific for defined bovine lymphocyte subpopulations. The effector function of the resultant infected cell lines was determined using a Cr51release assay and compared to the uninfected control ctlline. The results indicated that T parvasporozoites consistently infected and transformed the ctllines very efficiently even at the lowest cell doses. In contrast the T annulatasporozoites were largely unable to infect and transform the alloreactive ctlexcept at the very highest cell and sporozoite doses. A factor which appeared to influence susceptibility to T annulatainfection was an increased level of class II expression on the ctlline. None of the cell lines showed cytotoxic effector function after infection with either T annulataor T parvasporozoites.

Published
1989
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31. Interferon gamma inhibits the intracellular multiplication of Neospora caninum, as shown by incorporation of ^3H uracil

Author

Innes, E.A., Panton, W.R.M., Marks, J., Trees, A.J., Holmdahl, J., and Buxton, D.

Abstract

An assay was developed to quantify the growth of two different isolates of the protozoon Neospora caninum within ovine fibroblast cells in vitro by differential uptake of ^3H uracil. The NC-1 isolate of N. caninum multiplied more quickly in culture than the NC Liverpool isolate, as reflected by increased incorporation of isotope by the former over a shorter period of time. After the parasites had left the ruptured host cells, there was very little incorporation of isotope. This suggested that multiplication occurred within and not outside the cells. Treatment of the cells with ovine recombinant interferon gamma for 24h before infection significantly inhibited intracellular multiplication of the parasite.

Published
1995
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