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Lack of adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and poor retention in care are significant barriers to ending HIV epidemics. Treatment adherence support effectiveness may be constrained by limited understanding of the benefits of ART. We evaluated a visual and tactile tool, the B-OK Bottles (“B-OK”), that incorporates human-centered design and behavioral economics principles and is designed to change and strengthen mental models about HIV. We enrolled 118 adults living with HIV who were clients of medical case managers in Philadelphia. All participants completed a pre-intervention survey, a B-OK intervention and a post-intervention survey. A subset (N = 52) completed qualitative interviews. Co-primary outcomes were differences pre- to post-intervention for 11 questions about HIV awareness, knowledge, attitudes, intentions and perception. Qualitative interviews were assessed using an integrated analysis approach. Participants had a median age of 55 years (IQR 47–60), 65% were male sex (N = 77), and 72% identified as non-Hispanic Black (N = 85). B-OK was associated with improved awareness and understanding of HIV terminology, changes in HIV treatment attitudes, and increased intention to rely on HIV treatment for transmission prevention. Qualitative interview results aligned with the quantitative findings. These findings provide a strong rationale to further evaluate the potential for B-OK to improve HIV treatment adherence support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban agglomerations play a pivotal role in regional economic growth by fostering industrial clustering and attracting firms, thereby enhancing urban productivity and efficiency. However, existing research on spatial sorting and selection in urban settings-primarily based on quantitative spatial models-often overlooks the dynamic strategic adaptations of firms with varying skill levels. This gap leads to an incomplete understanding of how firms interact and adjust their spatial positioning over time in response to evolving urban economic conditions. To address this, we develop a tripartite evolutionary game model to investigate the spatial sorting and selection mechanisms among high-, medium-, and low-skill firms in urban settings. The model simulates firms' strategic choices-whether to enter or avoid central cities-under varying initial conditions, such as participation willingness, skill disparities, and urban costs. Extensive simulations reveal that although these factors influence the process and equilibrium rates, they do not change the ultimate strategic outcome: high-skill firms consistently gravitate toward central cities, whereas low-skill firms tend to remain in peripheral areas, especially when urban costs are high. These findings provide significant insights for urban policy. The concentration of high-skill firms in large cities poses challenges for smaller cities attempting to attract these industries, potentially exacerbating regional disparities. Policymakers are thus encouraged to prioritize firm quality over quantity to drive sustained economic growth across regions. Additionally, reforming restrictive household registration policies could reduce entry barriers for high-skill labor, improve urban resource allocation, and facilitate more balanced development. The ongoing interaction between spatial sorting and selection fosters agglomeration economies in urban centers, underscoring the need for policy frameworks that accommodate firms' diverse needs and skill levels across the urban landscape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Expression of vibrant plumage color plays important communication roles in many avian clades, ranging from penguins to passerines, but comparatively less is known about color signals in parrots (order Psittaciformes). We measured variation in coloration from three plumage patches (red face, blue rump, red tail) in an introduced population of rosy‐faced lovebirds (Agapornis roseicollis) in Phoenix, Arizona, USA and examined color differences between the sexes and ages as well as relationships with several indices of quality, including disease presence/absence (infection with beak and feather disease, Circovirus parrot, and a polyomavirus, Gammapolyomavirus avis), nutritional state (e.g., blood glucose and ketone levels), and habitat type from which birds were captured. We found that different plumage colors were linked to different quality indices: (a) adults had redder faces than juveniles, and birds with brighter faces had lower glucose levels and were less likely to have polyomavirus; (b) males had bluer rumps than females; and (c) birds caught farther from the city had redder and darker tail feathers than those caught closer to the urban center. Our findings reveal diverse information underlying variation in the expression of these disparate, ornate feather traits in an introduced parrot species, and suggest that these condition‐dependent and/or sexually dichromatic features may serve important intraspecific signaling roles (i.e., mediating rival competitions or mate choices). Research Highlights: Lovebird adults had redder faces than juveniles, and birds with brighter faces had lower glucose levels and were less likely to have polyomavirus.Male lovebirds had bluer rumps than females.Lovebirds caught farther from the city had redder and darker feathers than those caught closer to the urban center. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We deploy a socio-spatial approach and use a spatially representative survey that we conducted in the Indian cities of Hyderabad and Mumbai to analyse the relation between city space and religion. There are similarities and differences across these two cities in terms of how religion intersects with city space. While Muslims are much more marginalised in both cities relative to other communities like Hindus or Jains, and live in ghettos/enclaves, their position is relatively better in Mumbai. This is partly reflected in their higher integration with other religious communities in Mumbai and perhaps caused as well by this higher integration. A key finding on the relation between city space and religion is that compared to segregated neighbourhoods, mixed ('greyer') neighbourhoods produce better outcomes such as lower poverty and better education. This finding has significance for cities across the world as a way of assessing segregation and its harmful effects on economic development outcomes. We also argue that while Indian cities have become less integrated along religious lines over the last three to four decades, this process is both universal (i.e. relevant beyond the Indian context) and far from complete, and needs to be reversed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The establishment of free trade zones (FTZ) is an important way for China to deepen reform and open up, and it is also a key link in achieving the dual carbon goals. As a highland for institutional innovation, the establishment of FTZ has laid a solid foundation for the steady development of the industrial economy and the achievement of national dual carbon goals. This article collected data on China's FTZ establishment from 2010 to 2021 and matched it with urban environmental pollution datasets to investigate the impact of FTZ establishment on urban environmental pollution. The research results found that the establishment of FTZ has reduced urban environmental pollution, but this effect is mainly reflected in non resource-based cities and regional central cities. Further research has found that the role of FTZ establishments in reducing environmental pollution can be attributed to industrial structure upgrading and technological innovation. This article provides a reference for achieving coordinated development between cities and FTZ and better leveraging the role of FTZ in achieving green development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Belügyi Szemle / Academic Journal of Internal Affairs is the property of Ministry of Interior of Hungary and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The concept of the 15-minute city is increasingly being adopted globally as a pathway towards the vision of a just city. However, this distributive justice-based discourse is also used to justify and depoliticize radical planning interventions, particularly relocation, which profoundly impact the lifeworlds of affected individuals. Despite improved accessibility and the reallocation of resources, relocatees' perceived injustice persists. This study aims to address a critical question: How does relocation planning impact the lifeworlds of affected communities, and how does this contribute to the sense of injustice experienced by relocatees? The theoretical framework we used critically examines spatial justice theories, emphasizing their inherent "logic of equation", which reduces people's complex lived experiences and subjective realities to measurable data and numbers, thereby disrupting individuals' lifeworlds. Empirically, this study conducted a case study of a relocation project in Shanghai's inner city, utilizing mind mapping to visualize the spatial perceptions and activities of 15 residents before and after relocation, complemented by interviews with these residents and two planning officials. While the planners' evaluations indicate improved built environments post relocation, the findings reveal significant disruptions to the residents' socio-spatial networks, particularly among the elderly. These disruptions diminished their capacity and willingness to engage with the new space, fostering a persistent sense of injustice. This study concludes that addressing planning disruptions requires policies that go beyond material redistribution to restore and reshape people's lifeworlds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To deal with the increasing number of climate disasters and the negative impacts of climate change, cities need to improve their climate resilience. This may influence the process of industrial ecological transformation. This paper uses the pilot policy of the climate‐resilient city construction (CRCC) in 2017 as a natural experiment. Using data from 278 cities in China from 2012 to 2021, we use the difference‐in‐differences (DID) model to explore the impact of climate governance on the industrial ecological transformation (IET). The results are as follows. First, climate governance actions can promote the industrial ecological transformation, and this positive effect is still significant after robustness tests. Second, the mechanism suggests that climate‐resilient city construction facilitates the industrial ecological transformation of cities by promoting technological advancement and improving urban energy efficiency. Third, there is obvious heterogeneity in the impact of climate‐resilient city construction on industrial ecological transformation. It has a stronger effect in non‐old industrial bases and central cities. In addition, we further examined the results using the double machine learning model (DML). This paper provides an important reference for improving the regional coordinated development mechanism of climate policies and continuously promoting the climate‐resilient city construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In light of the Chinese government's dual carbon goals, achieving cleaner production activities has become a central focus, with regional environmental collaborative governance, including the management of agricultural carbon reduction, emerging as a mainstream approach. This study examines 268 prefecture-level cities in China, measuring the carbon emission efficiency of city agriculture from 2001 to 2022. By integrating social network analysis and a modified gravity model, the study reveals the characteristics of the spatial association network of city agricultural carbon emission efficiency in China. Additionally, the quadratic assignment procedure is employed to investigate the driving factors. The findings indicate that: (1) The carbon emission efficiency of cities agriculture in China displays substantial spatiotemporal heterogeneity, characterized by marked regional clustering. Central cities generally exhibit higher efficiency levels, while the surrounding cities tend to have lower efficiency. (2) The carbon emission efficiency of city agriculture in China displays multidimensional, complex, and organic characteristics, with potential for enhanced network stability. (3) Agricultural regions in central and southeastern China dominate the spatial network, while regions with weaker agricultural sectors, like Beijing, Shanghai, and Ningxia, occupy peripheral positions. (4) Within the spatial association network of city agricultural carbon emission efficiency in China, Intra block spatial correlations are low, while interblock spatial correlations are strong, exhibiting significant spillover effects. (5)Variations in agricultural development levels and mechanization significantly enhance the formation of networks related to city agricultural carbon emission efficiency in China. Conversely, differences in industrial structure and fertilizer application levels exert a substantial negative influence on these networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Relying on datasets covering 19 urban clusters in China, this study delves into the impact of the spatial functional division of labor in urban clusters (SFDL) on urban population size and its underlying mechanisms. In contrast to the prevailing focus of previous studies on individual city advantages to understand urban population size differences, this paper represents the first large-scale and cross-urban cluster empirical test, extending the research to consider SFDL. The results reveal a positive correlation between SFDL and urban population size. Mechanism analyses demonstrate that SFDL contributes to enlarging urban population size by increasing productivity. Heterogeneity analysis indicates that the positive effect of SFDL is more pronounced in central cities and large to medium-sized cities compared to peripheral and small cities, revealing a trend of population distribution centralization in urban clusters as SFDL deepens. Further discussion reaffirms the trend of population distribution centralization as SFDL deepens. Additionally, urban clusters with State Council-approved development plans exhibit a more significant positive impact of SFDL on urban population size than other urban clusters. These findings provide novel insights into optimizing population distribution from the perspective of urban clusters and offer policy guidance for design in urban cluster development planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tehran is one of the most earthquake-prone cities globally. This vast urban center, with a population exceeding 10 million, is intersected by several active faults, presenting significant seismic hazards. The occurrence of two Mw ~5 earthquakes in December 2017 near Malard and May 2020 near Damavand, further underscores the urgent need for comprehensive studies in the capital of Iran. his analysis primarily focuses on the 2017 and 2020 seismic events and their causative faults. Additionally, we highlight the limitations of Tehran's seismic monitoring and active faults map by addressing examples of unidentified seismic unrest and faults. By tackling the significant challenges of seismic studies and evaluating the preparedness of people and cities for a major earthquake, we draw insights from recent earthquakes around Tehran. Results show that the Malard and Damavand earthquakes occurred on the previously unknown and Mosha faults, respectively. Sparse seismic stations limit route detection thresholds and location accuracy of seismicity near Tehran. In addition, we show that the dispersion of population and distressed fabrics in Tehran is clustered, and the vulnerability to earthquakes is linked to both physical and social factors. This study holds immense importance in enhancing seismological research and risk reduction strategies for the Tehran province. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using resistance to digital technologies in religious nationalist public high schools in Israel as a frame for discussing minimal computing, this paper explores how socio-religious ideologies foster minimal technological practices. Based on interviews with administrators, homeroom teachers, and religious and secular content teachers from three schools near an urban center, the study explores how multiple mandates to provide religious, nationalist, and modern education shape teachers' educational approaches to digital technologies. The paper argues that an approach that segregates technologies to secular domains disentangles digital devices from religious subjectivity; one that allocates time for 'profane' digital technologies creates discontinuity between digital practices and religious educational aims; and one that integrates technologies into religious practice fosters a symbiotic digital–analog religiosity. By highlighting the role of religious ideology in shaping limited technological approaches, the paper explores how constraints on teachers' practices stem not only from resource-driven limitations but from minimal technological will. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is necessary to give concentrated attention to the issue of stunting by implementing appropriate nutrition initiatives to prevent stunted physical and mental development. Optimal food availability is one effective strategy for preventing it. However, it often disregards preferences that guarantee pleasure, dietary diversity, and compatibility with individual tastes. In this paper, we show a two-step multi-criteria decision model. The AHP is used to figure out the criteria weights, and the TOPSIS method ranks food basket options based on how close they are to the ideal solution. The efficacy of our strategy was subsequently evaluated in Balikpapan, a prominent urban center in Indonesia grappling with the issue of stunting. The evaluation's findings were as follows: nutritional value (27%) was the most significant factor, knowledge of the food ingredients (18%), variety of foods made from the food ingredients (17%), ease of preparation, cooking, and storage (15%), cost (12%), and child preference (11%). The findings indicated that food basket 3, priced at Rp209,857 and yielding 1,854.96 kcal, consisted of rice weighing 3.63 kg, duck egg weighing 1.16 kg, milkfish weighing 0.65 kg, tuna weighing 0.06 kg, cauliflower weighing 0.17 kg, kale weighing 3.46 kg, and dragon fruit weighing 1.87 kg. In addition to nutrition and cost, this study highlights that considering preferences can enhance the appeal of food baskets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On December 15, 2019, a group of elderly women from a Muslim ghetto on the outskirts of New Delhi came out in protest of the police brutalities against minority students who were resisting the recently passed Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA). Despite the widespread attention it received, the protest eluded attempts to understand it fully within both popular and academic discursive frameworks. Such incomprehensibility, this essay argues, stems from a disavowal of the protest's fundamental organizational principle: care. This essay brings scholarship on political performance in conversation with feminist care studies in order to look at how grandmothers reproduce their quotidian actions of care as radical performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon emission is the most critical environmental pollution issue today. However, regional trade and industrial linkages have changed the traditional carbon emission pattern. As a public product with strong negative externalities, carbon emissions inevitably lead to severe consequences if the market is allowed to adjust itself. Therefore, public policies made by government officials have an important role in environmental governance and emission reduction. This paper uses China's Multi‐regional Input‐Output (MRIO) table and official turnover data of 269 prefecture‐level cities in China for the empirical test. The results show that official turnover has a significant positive impact on embodied carbon emissions between regions. Heterogeneity analysis shows that the inter‐provincial turnover of officials and the turnover between regional central cities results in more significant embodied carbon emissions. Further research finds that the longer the officials stay in their previous positions or as new local government leaders, the greater the embodied carbon emissions caused by their turnover. In addition, the turnover of officials affects interregional embodied carbon emissions by promoting regional entrepreneurship, venture capital and structure transformation of industries. The findings of this paper provide essential enlightenment for optimizing Chinese local government governance and promoting the transformation of the economic development mode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Religious settlements can reflect regional culture and social development, preserve the continuity of spatial structures over time, sustain social networks, and perpetuate traditions. Buddhist settlements, as a particular type of religious settlement, reflect the social development and daily lives of monks and common people. This study used literature research, field investigations, and GISs to construct a framework of the landscape of religious settlements based on the theory of the historic landscape approach. Buddhist grottoes from the Sixteen Kingdoms Period to the Qing Dynasty (304–1912) in the Hexi Corridor of Gansu Province were selected as a case study, and the patterns of religious settlements were identified. According to the analysis, it was found that religious settlements tended to have large religious buildings at their centre, with small buildings and attachments scattered around. They were close to central cities, with a complete transportation network, and they had relatively stable belief spaces. There were clear boundaries between believers and non-believers in the settlements. Four patterns of religious settlements were also identified according to the relationships between geography, social properties, and cultural connotations. These findings diachronically offer a new perspective on the understanding of religious settlements and steps for improving the inheritance of religious culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study concentrates on identifying urban centers and subcenters (UCSs) in the United States (U.S.). Conventional approaches to UCS estimation face challenges due to the discontinuation of crucial U.S. Census Geographies. This change has resulted in the inability to accurately define UCSs for research or policymaking. By leveraging open‐source points‐of‐interest and performing Kernel Density Estimations (KDE), this research identifies UCSs in Virginia metropolitan areas. Validation is achieved by combining the KDE estimates with local zoning codes, showing an alternative path to overcome the UCS research challenges. Through this innovative methodology, researchers, practitioners, and planners can identify spaces of urban economic activity and facilitate a deeper understanding of urban landscapes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I focus on two thinkers who I contend can be read as Du Boisian sociologists: Franklin Frazier and John Gibbs St. Clair Drake. I argue that both Frazier and Drake are often (mis)represented as being ethnographic sociologists of racism in the American inner city who owe their intellectual training and lineage to the Chicago School. By contrast, I argue that Frazier and Drake, while interested in race in the American inner city, both viewed American racism as only one piece in a global jigsaw puzzle; both advocated for comparative and historical sociologies of race and empire which would highlight—to quote Frazier (1973, 339)—that although racism "in the United States has many unique features, it is [...] a phase of a world process." Excavating this world process, to both Frazier and Drake, necessarily entailed studying the global color line beyond its expression only in the United States. Frazier and Drake ought to be read, therefore, primarily as Du Boisian sociologists, not simply as parochial ethnographers of the inner city. The data for this paper come from the Du Bois, Frazier, and Drake papers housed in archives at the University of Massachusetts‐Amherst, Howard University, and the Schomburg Centre. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of the high-quality development strategy, the way in which the digital economy empowers high-quality economic development has become a hot topic in academia. From a non-linear perspective, this study empirically examined the non-linear impact of the digital economy on urban high-quality economic development and the degree of spatial spillover inequality. The analysis was based on panel data from 108 cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, using a semi-parametric threshold spatial lagged model. The results showed that: ① The promotion effect of the digital economy on high-quality economic development had a non-linear characteristic, with an initially decreasing ‘marginal effect’ followed by an increasing one. ② The spatial spillover effect from neighboring cities significantly promoted local high-quality economic development. However, the spatial spillover resulted from varying levels of digital economic develpment exhibited pronounced inequality. Central cities with advanced digital economic development led to more significant spatial spillover effects, reinforced by the echo effect. ③ The impact of the digital economy on high-quality economic development varied across different urban agglomerations. The Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration showed a non-linear characteristic of alternating decreasing and increasing ‘marginal effects.’ The middle reaches of the Yangtze River exhibited an initially decreasing ‘marginal effect,’ followed by an increasing one. However, the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration only showed an increasing ‘marginal effect.’ ④ The degree of spatial spillover inequality exhibited significant heterogeneity among urban agglomerations, in which the Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration showed the largest disparity between central and peripheral cities in their capacity to harness spatial spillover effects. This was followed by the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, while the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration demonstrated the smallest variation. Based on these findings, this study proposes the following policy recommendations for achieving high-quality economic development along the Yangtze River Economic Belt: ① Comprehensively promote digital development throughout the Yangtze River Economic Belt, with a focus on breaking through the inflection point of the ‘marginal effect’ of the digital economy. ② Leverage the radiation effect of the central cities of the digital economy to drive overall high-quality development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt. ③ Fully understand the development characteristics of urban agglomerations and formulate differentiated digital economy development strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the unprecedented intensification of technological innovation, innovative elements are constantly gathering, and several innovation hubs are emerging. The spatial pattern of China's regional innovation hubs has become an essential topic in theory and practice. Based on the data from high-tech enterprises, this paper attempts to identify the spatial pattern of China's existing regional innovation hubs by comprehensively using the DO index and natural break point method. The findings show that: (1) The spatial pattern of comprehensive innovation hubs and service innovation hubs is highly overlapping, forming a "three-legged tripod" spatial pattern in the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, and Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei city clusters. (2) The manufacturing innovation hubs have formed a "two-pole" pattern dominated by the Yangtze River Delta city clusters and the Pearl River Delta city clusters. (3) The innovative elements in the Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta exhibit a high-high agglomeration feature, while other areas still mainly exhibit a high-low agglomeration, and the overall national innovation level still needs to be improved. (4) Considering all three types of innovation hubs, the network of innovation hubs composed of provincial central cities has taken shape, and the three major city clusters are the core nodes of the innovation highland network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Investigating the effect of restrictions on spatiotemporal distribution of crashes. • Employing a logit model to analyze the injury severity of crashes after restrictions. • Significant decrease in number of crashes after restrictions, especially on weekends. • Spread of crashes in the outer city as well as the inner city after restrictions. • Increased injury severity due to riders' alcohol intoxication. Introduction: The emergence of shared electric scooter (e-scooter) services has introduced a new mobility option in numerous urban areas worldwide. Safety concerns surrounding e-scooter riding have prompted some cities to impose bans or restrictions on shared e-scooters. This study aims to assess the impact of e-scooter restriction policies, on the spatiotemporal distribution of e-scooter injuries and factors influencing injury severity in Helsinki, Finland, in 2021 and 2022. These restrictions include banning shared e-scooter use from midnight to 5 a.m. on weekends and reducing speeds during certain hours. Method: This study employed an ordered logit model, heatmap analysis of crash locations, and temporal analysis across different time frames to achieve these objectives. Results: The findings indicate a 64% reduction in the number of e-scooter injuries after the restrictions. However, the severity of injuries experienced only a slight decrease. Notably, the trend of injury severity appeared smoother in 2022 compared to 2021, with spikes occurring from Friday to Sunday. The spatial distribution of crashes revealed that, in 2021, most crashes were concentrated in the city center, while in 2022, the crash locations were more scattered, partly due to the increased area serviced by e-scooters. The results also underscored the substantial impact of alcohol intoxication, as it significantly increased the probability of more severe injuries. Furthermore, higher age groups and people using e-scooters from 4 p.m. to 9 p.m. are more likely to experience higher injury severity after the restrictions were implemented. These research outcomes offer valuable insights for other cities, providing lessons on how to tailor policies to effectively reduce the number of e-scooter-related injuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We attempt to further our understanding of the beginnings of language change by analyzing a semantic innovation in Multicultural London English: the use of still as a discourse-pragmatic item in utterance-final position. We show that the change follows well-attested processes of semantic change, so it could have occurred at any time and amongst any group of speakers. Its emergence now, amongst young men in inner city London, can be explained by considering not only well-known external factors such as population change but also by analyzing the interactional contexts in which the new meaning emerges and by relating this to the local peer group culture. In this way we gain insights into how speakers can be motivated to use a form with a new meaning during interactional moves that are especially important for them in their everyday lives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to evaluate the history and development of scientific activities in Turkey related to the Hindu Valley by examining the main areas, key issues discussed, scholars who have studied this topic, content and systems in fiqh texts, fiqh education, and contributions of the region to fiqh knowledge. Fiqh is one of the scientific disciplines that has contributed to the transformation of the Indian subcontinent into a civilization. The main goal of this study is to provide some contributions regarding identifying areas where academic research on the Hindu Valley has been concentrated in our country and potential subjects awaiting investigation. It is observed that studies on fiqh during the Republican era generally overlooks this region. However, writing about the history of fiqh, especially for the Hanafi school's development in the Indian subcontinent, requires numerous research efforts. Examining historical developments in fiqh studies that focus on this region through translation and original writings will provide a small contribution towards assessing accumulated knowledge in our country and identifying any gaps. This study aims not only to create a bibliography of fiqh literature that focuses on the Indian world but also to evaluate their contributions based on the research areas they cover. Despite being written in different fields, a few articles that extensively discuss fiqh issues have been included in this research. There is insufficient preliminary research to categorize and analyze the history of fiqh in different periods, such as the Ghaznavids (963-1186), the Delhi Sultanate (1206-1526), Babur’s Empire (1526-1858) Colonial India, and modern era of the Indian subcontinent. Instead of examining fiqh studies chronologically, it was deemed more appropriate to classify them under these dominant periods to better identify the periods that require more focus. During the Ghaznavid period, India had not yet become a center of knowledge and civilization that attracted scholars. In a book that examines the biographies of Indian scholars during the Ghaznavid period, it was determined that Baghdad was an important center of learning in terms of intellectual travels. Many scholars who were born in different cities in the Sindh region came to this area and became renowned figures in hadith and fiqh fields, with some choosing to stay in Baghdad and others opting for Egypt. The Ghaznavid period did not become a subject of fiqh research in our country. Following the conquests by the Ghaznavids, the Delhi Sultanate emerged as a Turkish-Islamic dominion on the Indian subcontinent, exerting lasting social, economic, and political effects. One of the few studies on this period focusing on fiqh is Adem Çiftci's article about al-Fatāwa al-Ghiyāsiyya. It is claimed that al-Fatāwa al-Ghiyāsiyya is considered the first Arabic fatwā book prepared based on the Hanafi school of thought on the Indian subcontinent. The article suggests that this study serves as an example of fatwā works written in the region and has been used as a source by Indian Hanafi jurists. The period in which fiqh studies intensified in the Indian subcontinent is the Mughal period. The region gained an independent center of knowledge during this time. Central cities such as Delhi emerged as the hub of this center, and extensive and profound activities were carried out in various fields of Islamic knowledge by scholars who emerged during this period and the scholarly circles formed around them. Within the framework of the Hanafi school of thought, which became the official madhab (school) for fiqh in the region, various types of research can be identified, including literature on religious law and fatwās, jurisprudence methodology, fiqh history, and person-centered studies. This period witnessed extensive discussions centered around hadith-fiqh. If we look at the regions and periods that researchers have focused on in pre-modern Hanafi fiqh history, it is generally observed that there is a lack of academic interest, specifically in the Mughal period in the Indian subcontinent. While there are fiqh studies examining the judicial system in cities of the Ottoman Empire during a specific time period, or focusing on the Mamluks, Seljuks, or Umayyad Caliphate of al-Andalus, there seems to be a lack of thesis or article-level research examining the development and judicial activities of the justice system in India during these three major empires mentioned above. The British took control of the Indian territories with the collapse of the Mughals in 1857. During this period, such scholarly traditions emerged as Ahl-i Hadith, Barelvi, and Deobandi, aiming to unite and guide the Muslim population and provide Islamic education. Fiqh studies during this period focused on the Ahl-i Hadith sect. Modern-era studies have been limited to scholars produced by these sects during colonial times, their fiqh works prepared by these sects, and a few renowned multidimensional scholars known for their views in the Islamic world. In terms of their fiqh opinions and scholarly contributions, the names that have been studied in the modern period are Muhammed Iqbal (d. 1938), Fazlur Rahman (1988), Ahmed Hassan (1996), Muhammed Hamidullah (d. 2002), Muhammed Taki Usmani and Muhammed Khalid Masood. As seen in the above-mentioned studies, Urdu fiqh literature has not been a field that could be studied except by researchers who have come to our country from this region. There has not yet been a study examining Islamic legal research in countries such as Spain and Germany through translation or original works. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quetta is an important urban center and administrative capital of the Balochistan province of Pakistan. Due to its arid climate and absence of reliable surface water resources, the city heavily relies on groundwater, where rainfall is a prominent source of recharge. As per the past studies, due to increased population and unregulated extraction, groundwater levels in Quetta are declining at a rate of 1.5-5.0 m/year, which calls for a detailed assessment of recharge regime for a sustainable resource protection. Therefore, the monthly and annual groundwater recharge in Quetta from rainfall was computed in this research using the Water Balance Approach for the period 1990-2023. The analysis showed a significant reliance of groundwater recharge on the climate patterns, with the highest monthly recharge in January (21.6 mm) due to high rainfall and low ET, while lowest recharge was found in July (3.31 mm) due to low rainfall and high ET losses, with the mean annual total recharge as 108.6 mm. Further, the Recharge to Precipitation ratio estimated from the daily water balance showed that 15% of annual rainfall contributes to groundwater recharge in Quetta. By evaluating the daily water balance, the study comprehensively explained the monthly and annual groundwater recharge regime, along with the rainfall and ET patterns in Quetta. The outcomes of this research would essentially serve to formulate an effective policy and strategy to optimize the groundwater extraction in Quetta without encroaching the aquifer's safe yield and to sustainably manage the available groundwater resources for the coming years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista 180 is the property of Revista 180 and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Geography & Development Iranian Journal / Jughrāfiyā va Tusi̒ah is the property of University of Sistan & Baluchestan and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The lowest administrative-territorial unit in Serbia is a settlement, whereby the administrative criterion of dividing settlements into "urban" and "other" is inadequate for describing the rural area, which is extremely differentiated in Serbia due to various factors. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the typology of settlements in accordance with different development characteristics, with a special emphasis on areas that are lagging in development. The goal of this research is to present a rural index of Serbia. The importance of this research is reflected in the methodological improvement of the classification of rural settlements in Serbia. This approach indicates the development potential and limitations of local areas in Serbia, which is the basis for support and financing of local development programs. The results point to different categories of rural settlements: rural settlements heavily influenced by the urban center; transitional rural settlements, i.e., rural centers; socio-economically devastated rural settlements; "retired", abandoned, disappearing rural settlements, where it is necessary to adapt strategies and policies to different types. The results of the research provide important information to policymakers where specific development strategies for different types of settlements are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyzes inter-regional traffic patterns and network structures using origin–destination (OD) data. Block modeling, a method that clusters nodes performing similar roles within a network to identify functional regional structures, distinguishes passenger and freight patterns. Eigenvector centrality extracts central cities, while multiple regression analysis compares factors influencing flows in core areas. The findings reveal that (1) freight flows exhibit more active inter-regional movement than passenger flows, relying heavily on long-distance transport; (2) passenger hubs tend to be geographically central, whereas freight hubs are located in peripheral areas; and (3) passenger flows are shaped by regional characteristics, industrial structure, and infrastructure, while freight flows are influenced by regional characteristics, infrastructure, and land use patterns. Population density and industrial facilities significantly impact both flow types. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the distinct characteristics of passenger and freight flows, bridging gaps in the existing research. Moreover, it offers practical insights for policymakers aiming to promote balanced development and sustainable regional growth, emphasizing the integration of underdeveloped areas into broader strategies to address disparities and foster connectivity. By combining advanced analytical methods, this study establishes a novel framework for enhancing regional planning and policy formulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives: As the newcomer population in Canada continues to grow, we aimed to collaborate with newcomer families arriving in an urban center in Alberta, Canada to identify strategies to overcome identified barriers newcomers face in obtaining routine childhood vaccines (RCVs). Methods: We recruited newcomers living in Calgary, Alberta to participate in a workshop utilizing the Nominal Group Technique (NGT) to develop solutions addressing barriers to obtaining RCVs. Ranking exercises helped identify the top-proposed interventions based on perceived impact and feasibility for implementation. Based on the identified need for translated vaccine resources, infographics on school-based vaccines were developed. The infographics were pilot-tested in a first-language focus group before the final product was translated into 10 different languages. Results: Consensus from 15 NGT workshop participants identified five key solutions to facilitate obtaining routine childhood immunizations: (1) Increasing access to reliable vaccine information; (2) Ensuring vaccine information and healthcare services are available in different languages; (3) Increasing vaccine appointment availability and optimizing the booking system for ease of navigation; (4) Increasing the role of family doctors in vaccine counseling and administration; (5) Streamlining vaccine record tracking. We developed infographics on the vaccines children in Alberta can receive through school-based vaccine programs and these were pilot-tested with 16 participants in a first-language (Arabic) focus group. Conclusions: The collaborative and iterative process of solution development with newcomers provided a platform for knowledge translation through the development of educational resources on school-based vaccines, addressing the information barrier that newcomers identified when accessing RCVs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Facing the challenges of motorised traffic, many cities around the globe started implementing measures to transform their urban transport systems. One of the major challenges for the success of adequate policies is not only their effectiveness but also whether they are accepted by city residents. With a quantitative case study in four neighbourhoods in Frankfurt am Main (N = 821), this article investigates the acceptability of three measures: (i) parking management, (ii) the conversion of car lanes into cycle lanes and (iii) the closure of an inner city arterial road to car traffic. The results show a surprisingly high acceptability for all measures if the benefits for local residents are tangible. Thus, successful policy packages may combine push measures with either pull measures, as suggested frequently in the literature, or with improvements for other land uses (e.g. re-using former car-parking spaces for non-transport purposes, such as greenery or seating areas). Furthermore, the perceived effectiveness, daily travel practices and intentions to reduce car use, the built environment and, to a lesser degree, socio-demographics explain differences in acceptability by population group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides a fuzzy logic approach with multi-stakeholder decision support to evaluate and rank different strategies as well as policies that may have a direct impact on the implementation of low emission zones in low income and developing countries. The multi decision-making analysis, which was performed using the Delphi method and fuzzy logic and applied on the city of Amman, suggested that promoting and investing in last-mile delivery solutions, such as electric vehicles and cargo bikes has the highest impact on implementing low emission zones in Amman and this strategy could increase the sustainability. According to local decision makers, encouraging and investing in last-mile delivery alternatives, such as EVs and cargo bikes, has the most impact on adopting LEZ in Amman's inner city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Although serum screening for aneuploidies has become less prevalent, maternal‐serum alpha‐fetoprotein (MSAFP) screening for body‐wall defects remains widespread. We explored whether MSAFP screening is associated with earlier omphalocele detection than ultrasound alone. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study of prenatally detected omphalocele cases at our center from 2007 to 2023. We explored the association between MSAFP screening, gestational age at omphalocele detection, and clinical outcomes. Results: Among 101 pregnancies with prenatally diagnosed omphalocele, 27 (26.7%) had MSAFP screening. The median gestational age at MSAFP screening was 17 weeks 4 days. Of those who received MSAFP screening, 11 (41%) had values ≥2.5 multiples of the median (MoM) and 16 (59%) were not elevated. MSAFP results did not correlate with omphalocele size and were not associated with prenatal or postnatal outcomes. MSAFP screening did not result in earlier suspicion for or confirmation of omphalocele (P =.97 and P =.87, respectively). In contrast, first‐trimester ultrasound screening was associated with earlier suspicion for and confirmation of omphalocele (P <.01 and P =.01, respectively). There were no clinical or demographic differences between those who received MSAFP screening and those who did not (including body mass index or commute distance to an urban center). Conclusion: MSAFP screening is not associated with earlier omphalocele detection. Furthermore, in pregnancies with prenatally diagnosed omphalocele, the results of MSAFP screening are not predictive of clinical outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Journal of Early Childhood is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Community-based care services offered by senior centers are vital for supporting older adults' independent living. The number of senior centers has escalated in China in recent years. Despite scholarly interest in the potential accessibility of senior centers, research on older adults' realized access remains scarce. Using the geo-referenced check-in data of 2382 users of senior centers in Nanjing, China, this study aims to fill this gap by examining the disparities between older adults' potential and realized access to senior centers and the influence of multilevel spatial and non-spatial factors. This study indicates that potential access is often significantly overestimated compared with the actual accessibility of senior centers, with older adults' distances of realized access (mean = 1319 m) being considerably greater than potential access (mean = 325 m). Spatial and regression analyses confirm that older adults living in newly built, lower-priced houses in the inner city are more likely to travel longer distances to reach senior centers. Spatial proximity is less effective in predicting realized access for those living further from senior centers. Instead, the location and service quality of senior centers play a more prominent role. These findings enrich our understanding of older adults' access to community-based care, informing planning and policy interventions for the development of age-friendly communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, considering the urgent issues related to climate change and land consumption as well as the increasing urban population, urban spaces, enhanced by appropriate design solutions, can help reduce risks and improve conditions of environmental well-being. In this context, thanks to a collaboration between the Department of Architecture of the University of Palermo and the Municipality of Naro, in the province of Agrigento (Sicily, Italy), an urban environmental design workshop was promoted to redefine an urban space without a precise identity and denied to public use, within the fabric of a minor historical center in the Sicilian hinterland. The article summarizes the adopted methodology, including the population needs' assessment, the environmental context assessment, the historical analysis of the urban space to redefine within the context of the whole historical center, possible urban and greening solutions, and design references according to the urban biophilic approach. The resulting preliminary design aims to be an example of an interdisciplinary approach, respectful of what already exists, which places the comfort and well-being of the user at the center of the design. Moreover, it is an interesting example of urban regeneration through the biophilic approach applied to a small urban center, which could be replicated in other similar contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Environmental Science & Technology (10036504) is the property of Editorial Board of Environmental Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In a result of the increase in impervious surfaces in the urbanized area, there is an increase in surface runoff and at the same time an overload of the sewage network. In order to reduce the mentioned negative impacts in the inner city of Bratislava, this study was developed. The aim of this study was to design as possible the most efficient possible infiltration device for capturing rainwater and keeping it at the point of impact of precipitation of the addressed site. The Novohradska Grammar School campus was chosen as the area of interest. It is assumed that, together with elements of green infrastructure, these measures will be able to contribute in order to mitigate the adverse effects of urbanization in the capital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The comprehensive evaluation of innovation capabilities in central cities of emerging countries is essential for promoting regional economic growth. This evaluation examines various factors, such as scientific activities, innovation infrastructure, talent resources, and policy environments, offering insights into the current innovation landscape and future potential. By guiding the allocation of resources and optimizing innovation policies, it fosters the transformation of technological achievements and accelerates urban economic transformation and sustainable development. Moreover, it helps cities attract investment and skilled talent, enhancing their competitiveness and influence. This evaluation is a multi-attribute decision-making (MADM) challenge, for which the cross-entropy method has been recently adopted to handle complex criteria. Type-2 neutrosophic numbers (T2NNs) are used to represent uncertainty in assessing innovation capabilities. This study introduces the Type-2 neutrosophic number crossentropy (T2NN-HS-CE) approach with HyperSoft to solve MADM problems involving T2NNs. A numerical case study and sensitivity analysis validate the effectiveness of the proposed method in assessing the innovation capacity of cities in developing nations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The economic performance of a metropolitan area is a crucial indicator of its economic health. Changes to the spatial organization of the central city will unavoidably affect the functioning of the metropolitan area's economy because it is the epicenter of the region's growth. However, only some empirical studies have examined the effect of changes in the physical layout of central cities on the economic growth of metropolitan areas. This study used the Hangzhou metropolitan area in China as its study area. The study measured changes in the central city's spatial structure using the city linkage measurement model's functional network analysis framework and used a fixed-effects model and discontinuous regression design to analyze the impact of these changes on the metropolitan area's economic performance. It was discovered that: (1) the metropolitan area's overall economic performance improves when the central city's spatial structure is altered; (2) spatial geographic distances, the size of the city's economy, and the stage of the development of the central city's spatial structure all play a moderating role in the process of the central city's spatial structure affecting the metropolitan area's economic performance; and (3) the formation of the central city's polycentric spatial structure promotes the transformation of the metropolitan area into a polycentric spatial structure. Therefore, we should concentrate on the coordinated development of morphological polycenters and functional polycenters in urban areas, strengthen the construction of transportation and other infrastructure, lower the cost of factor flow, and create multicenters with complementary functions as well as effective collaborative and spatial structure systems to realize the upgrading of urban areas more effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present cross-sectional study was aimed at investigating the mediating role of self-esteem on the relation between daily hassles and depressive symptoms among traumatized women. The sample, which was drawn from a large public, inner city healthcare system, consisted of 154 low-income African American women with a mean age of 36.66 (SD = 11.43) with a recent history of both one or more suicide attempt(s) and exposure to interpersonal violence in the form of intimate partner violence (IPV). A series of scales were administered to women, including the Survey of Recent Life Events (SRLE), Beck Self-Esteem Scales (BSES), and Beck Depression Inventory – II (BDI-II). Mplus v8.8 was used to estimate the total, direct, and indirect effects simultaneously for other type of self-esteem (views of self [self-esteem: self], perceptions of others’ views of them [self-esteem: other]). As predicted, daily hassles were associated positively and significantly with depressive symptoms and negatively and significantly with both forms of self-esteem. In addition, lower levels of self-esteem: self, but not self-esteem: others, were associated positively and significantly with depressive symptoms. Partial support was obtained for the mediational hypothesis; self-esteem according to one’s self-evaluation (self-esteem: self), but not projected evaluations of others (self-esteem: other), mediated the daily hassles-depressive symptoms link. Thus, depressive symptoms in African American female suicide attempters exposed to IPV appear to vary based on how these women appraise their own self-worth in the context of managing daily stressors and hassles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study develops two novel agglomeration indexes, combining the feature unbalance agglomeration index family and the distance-based agglomeration index family, to measure innovation agglomeration. We examine the positive effects of innovation agglomeration on the industrial total factor productivity (TFP). We discuss the factors driving the innovation agglomeration at the city level and analyze them in cities of the Yangtze River Delta (YRD). We find proximity to central cities and nearest ports has a positive impact, industrial level has an inverse U-shape impact, investment and commercial culture have positive impacts, and innovation policy has a negative impact. We identify five innovation agglomeration factors and discuss their effects on the theoretical and practical R&D management applications and strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rail transit system plays an important role in connecting the urban center, new towns and suburbs in the metropolitan area. Exploring the methods of integrating rail transit and land use in different locations is essential to improve trip rates and promote transit-oriented development (TOD). Taking Wuhan, China, as a case study, this research uses a cellular automaton-based random forest (CA-RF) model to simulate land use change surrounding rail transit by capturing the impact differences in mother city (MC) and new towns (NT). An impact area identification model is proposed to recognize the most sensitive threshold of land use change in both MC and NT stations, which are 1000m and 1200m, respectively. The characteristics of land use change from 2010 to 2020 are analyzed and compared. The CA-RF model calibration shows that transportation and spatial accessibility present wide variations in driving land use change surrounding the MC and NT stations. The high accuracy of CA-RF model, which is 88.1% for MC and 82.1% for NT, indicating its effectiveness in quantifying the non-linear relationship of land use change and spatial attributes. The forecasted land use maps for proposed rail stations provide a reference for governments and planners in policy intervention and decision-making. This research framework can be applied to other metropolitans to explore the regulations of land use development and promote transit-oriented sustainable development. • Explore the driving mechanisms for land use change within rail transit stations area in different metropolitan areas. • Examine the non-linear relationship between land use change and spatial attributes by proposing a CA-RF model. • Develope a simulation framework to visualize future land use maps considering the impacts of rail transit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the impact of high-speed rail (HSR) network improvement on the consumption synergy of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region by using the panel data of 13 prefectural-level cities from 2006 to 2021. The results show that: (1) The improvement of the HSR network in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region has a significant positive impact on raising overall regional consumption levels. (2) The HSR network improvement has a heterogeneous impact on consumption in different cities within the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. (3) The promotional effect on peripheral cities is greater than on central cities, thereby promoting the coordinated consumption development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. The findings of this study have important policy implications, confirming that the construction of the HSR network can narrow the consumption gap within the region and promote consumption synergy across the region. • This paper investigated the impact of HSR network improvement on consumption synergy in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. • This paper found that the construction of the HSR network can promote consumption synergy across the region. • This paper applied groups of instruments and social network analysis to guarantee the robustness of the results. • The findings have important policy implications to the government and railway department. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China is currently confronting the dilemma of achieving green development goals while ensuring economic growth. Urban agglomerations, as a new form of economic concentration, may serve as an effective solution to this challenge. This paper treats the State Council’s approval of national urban agglomeration as a quasi-natural experiment, utilizing panel data from 213 prefecture-level cities spanning from 2004 to 2020. A multi-period Difference-in-Differences model is applied to assess the impact of National Urban Agglomerations Policy (NUAP) on Green Total Factor Productivity (GTFP). The findings indicate that the implementation of NUAP has led to an average increase in local GTFP of 0.0603. This effect is primarily driven by enhanced technological innovation capabilities, reduced misallocation of factor resources, and the “siphoning” and “spillover” effects from central cities. Heterogeneity analysis reveals that the national urban agglomerations in the expansion phase, larger agglomerations, and those located in the north exbibit more significant GTFP growth. This study provides a new perspective on GTFP research and offers theoretical and empirical support for evaluating the effects of NUAP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapid city expansion and intensive human activities have remarkably affected nitrogen flow, leading to increasingly intricate spatial heterogeneity of nitrogen flow. Focused on the temporal characteristics of nitrogen flow at certain city scales, the existing research has missed comprehensive grid-scale spatial models for nitrogen flow. To address this gap, this study develops a comprehensive spatial model for nitrogen flow by incorporating both natural and anthropic processes. Taking Xiamen as its research case, this study utilizes grid technology and spatial analysis to build a detailed spatial model for nitrogen flow at the grid scale. The results of spatial characteristics of Xiamen in 2015 revealed that hotspots of nitrogen input were primarily located in the surrounding areas outside and east of Xiamen, with the maximum nitrogen input reaching 20.07 × 104 kg/ha. However, the hotspots of nitrogen load in the atmosphere were concentrated in the urban center (i.e., Xiamen Island) and the nearby sea areas. The maximum nitrogen outputs can reach 18.32 × 104 kg/ha, which is 18 times the total nitrogen output to the water environment. Additionally, it was found that a significant gradient correlation exists between nitrogen flow and population density. These findings provide support for low-nitrogen spatial planning and emission reduction policymaking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a new type of environmental regulation implemented independently by local governments in recent years, the River Chief System (RCS) has become an important institutional innovation for the coordinated development of the economy and environment. However, most scholars only pay attention to the contribution of the river chief system in the field of water governance and ignore the changes made to regional carbon control. Based on panel data from 282 cities in China from 2007 to 2019, a time-varying DID was used to assess the policy impact of RCS on urban carbon emission efficiency. Our study found that: (1) The RCS has improved the efficiency of urban carbon emissions through industrial structure upgrading and green technology innovation. (2) Heterogeneity analysis shows that central cities and nonresource-oriented cities are more susceptible to the influence of the RCS and improve carbon emission efficiency. More than that, cities with appropriate environmental regulation intensity can better leverage the carbon governance effect of RCS. (3) The RCS has formed an unexpected policy effect of "beggar thy neighbor" in space, and its effect has a time lag. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]