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(1) Background: In health care and in society at large, sarcopaenia is a disorder of major importance that can lead to disability and other negative health-related events. Our study aim is to determine the prevalence of sarcopaenia among older people attended in primary care and to analyse the factors associated with this age-related clinical condition; (2) Methods: A multicentre cross-sectional study was conducted of 333 community-dwelling Spanish adults aged 65 years or more. Sociodemographic, clinical, functional, anthropometric, and pharmacological data were collected. Sarcopaenia was defined following European Working Group on Sarcopaenia in Older People (EWGSOP) criteria; (3) Results: Sarcopaenia was present in 20.4% of the study sample, and to a severe degree in 6%. The intensity of the association between sarcopaenia and frailty was weak-moderate (Cramer V = 0.45). According to the multinomial logistic regression model performed, sarcopaenia was positively associated with age and with the presence of psychopathology (OR = 2.72; 95% CI = 1.30–5.70) and was inversely correlated with body mass index (OR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.67–0.80; (4) Conclusions: Sarcopaenia commonly affects community-dwelling older persons and may be associated with age, body mass index, and psychopathology. The latter factor may be modifiable or treatable and is therefore a possible target for intervention.

Background Although two main methods of intraoperative hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) are currently accepted, the superiority of one over the other has not yet been demonstrated. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there are hemodynamic and temperature differences between patients who received HIPEC in two different techniques, open versus closed abdomen. Methods This retrospective study was conducted in our center between 2011–2015 in 30 patients who underwent surgery for peritoneal carcinomatosis secondary to colorectal cancer, in whom cytoreduction and HIPEC were performed by the Coliseum (15) or closed techniques (15). The main end points were morbidity, mortality, hemodynamic changes, and abdominal temperature. The comparative analysis of quantitative variables at different times was done with the parametric repeated measure ANOVA for those variables that fulfilled the suppositions of normality and independence and the Friedman non-parametric test for the variables that did not fulfill either of these suppositions. Results There were no deaths in either group. The incidence of postoperative complications in the Coliseum group was 53% (8 patients), grade II–III. The incidence of complications in the closed group was 13% (2 patients), grade II–III. The intra-operative conditions regarding the systolic and diastolic pressures were more stable using the closed abdomen technique (but not significantly so). We found statistically significant differences in abdominal temperature in favor of the closed technique (p = 0.009). Conclusions Both HIPEC procedures are similar. In our series, the closed technique resulted in a more stable intra-abdominal temperature.

The prevalence of substance abuse in women who become pregnant is similar to that of the general population, resulting in a high fetal exposure rate during the most vulnerable period regarding neurodevelopment and organogenesis. The present study was intended to assess the level of prenatal exposure to tobacco, alcohol or illicit drugs in the city of Málaga (Spain). It was designed as a cross-sectional study, and based on the anonymous self-reports of participants. A total of 451 pregnant women were recruited in the first, second or third trimester. The prevalence in each of the quarters respectively was 21.2%, 18.5% and 13.3% for smoking, 40.7%, 23.1% and 17.1% for alcohol and 4.8%, 1.9% and 1.2% for cannabis. We also found that a higher educational level was associated with a lower consumption of tobacco (RR 0.659 [0.537-0.810] plt;0.0001) and greater exposure to alcohol (RR 1.87 [1.30-2.69] plt;0.0007). These results, particularly in regard to alcohol intake, are sufficiently alarming to alert obstetric care providers about the need to implement preventive measures.La prevalencia de hábitos tóxicos en la población de mujeres que quedan embarazadas es similar a la de la población general, por lo que la exposición fetal a tóxicos es elevada en el período de mayor vulnerabilidad, sobre todo en relación al neurodesarrollo y la organogénesis. El presente estudio ha sido desarrollado para conocer el nivel de exposición prenatal a tabaco, alcohol u otras drogas en la ciudad de Málaga (España). El trabajo responde a un diseño observacional de corte transversal sobre el consumo de tóxicos durante el embarazo, y se basa en la autodeclaración de las gestantes mediante la cumplimentación de un cuestionario. Se reclutaron 451 gestantes de primer, segundo y tercer trimestre. La prevalencia de consumo en cada uno de los trimestres resultó ser respectivamente del 21.2%, 18.5% y 13.3% para el tabaco, 40.7%, 23.1% y 17.1% para el alcohol y del 4.8%, 1.9% y 1.2% para cannabis. En los tres trimestres, un mayor nivel de estudios se asoció a un menor consumo de tabaco (RR 0,659 [0.537-0.810] plt; 0.0001) y una mayor exposición al alcohol (RR 1.87 [1.30-2.69] plt; 0.0007). Los resultados obtenidos, sobre todo en relación al consumo de alcohol, son suficientemente llamativos como para alertar a los proveedores de atención obstétrica sobre la necesidad de poner en marcha medidas preventivas.

Resumen Objetivo Evaluar el perfil de prescripción y los usos off-label (fuera de ficha técnica [FT]) y unlicensed (medicamentos no autorizados específicamente para niños) de medicamentos a nivel ambulatorio. Diseño Estudio transversal. Emplazamiento Consultas de pediatría de 2 centros de salud urbanos y sala de urgencia general del Hospital Materno-Infantil de Málaga. Participantes Niños de 0-14 años que acudiesen a consulta y se les prescribiese al menos un medicamento. Mediciones principales Variables sociodemográficas, motivo de consulta y medicación. Clasificación de las prescripciones según información contenida en FT. Resultados Se incluyeron un total de 388 niños, una submuestra de 105 (27%) atendidos en urgencias, y se valoraron 462 prescripciones, que involucraron 74 principios activos diferentes. Cada niño recibió un promedio de 1,7 fármacos (IC 95%: 1,6-1,9), siendo los más prescritos ibuprofeno, paracetamol, amoxicilina-clavulánico y budesonida. El grupo terapéutico más empleado y con mayor variedad de fármacos fue el respiratorio. El 27,4% de las prescripciones (IC 95%: 23,5-31) fueron off-label, constituyéndose como causa más frecuente el uso del fármaco para una edad distinta de la autorizada (60%; IC 95%: 54,1-63), seguida de distinta dosis (21,5%; IC 95%: 18-25), diferente indicación (12%; IC 95%: 9,2-15) y el 7% por distinta vía de administración (IC 95%: 5,4-10). Conclusiones La tasa de usos off-label presenta cifras intermedias, pudiendo recibir este tipo de prescripciones una tercera parte de los niños. Esto no significa que sean prescripciones incorrectas, pero es recomendable respaldarlas con la mejor evidencia, así como seguir las directrices de la normativa sobre medicamentos en situaciones especiales.