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This study aimed to explore the factors that affect the severity and number of sports injuries among Korean sports participants in their 20s and 30s. The data of 5118 lifestyle and professional athletes in their 20s and 30s were collected from a sports safety survey conducted by the Korea Sports Safety Foundation in 2019. The characteristics of the study population were analyzed using descriptive analysis. Determinants of injury severity and frequency based on participants' sex were identified using multivariate logistic regression analyses. The results show that among male sports participants, the type of athlete, knowledge of first aids, the physical condition, completing safety education, the skill level, and checking environmental factors were associated with injury severity. Among female sports participants, the type of athlete, the physical condition, performing finishing exercises, completing safety education, and the skill level were associated with injury severity. Additionally, among male sports participants, physical condition, completing safety education, skill level, participating in exercises according to one's fitness level, and having an awareness of accident prevention methods were associated with injury frequency. Lastly, among female sports participants, drinking water during scheduled breaks, carrying water to stay hydrated, physical condition, completing safety education, and skill level were associated with injury frequency. Furthermore, being a lifestyle athlete, being in good physical condition, and having beginner or intermediate skills in one's sport reduced injury severity among Korean sports participants in their 20s and 30s. Being in good physical condition, not completing safety education, and having beginner skills in one's sport reduced the injury frequency among Korean sports participants in their 20s and 30s. These findings suggest that lifestyle and professional athletes should be aware of these factors and participate in sports activities in a manner that reduces injury severity and frequency. Moreover, these factors should be considered when developing strategies to prevent sport injuries in lifestyle and professional athletes and allow them to participate in sports activities safely. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Objective: To examine the interaction between high school (HS) sports participation and injury history with current moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) among young adults. Participants: Participants (N = 236) were 18–25 years old, not currently injured, and reported no physical activity limitations. Methods: Participants completed online demographic, injury history, and physical activity surveys. A two-way analysis of covariance was used to test the interaction between HS athlete status and previous injury severity on current self-reported MVPA. Results: Participants were 22.2 ± 2.1 years, primarily White (81.8%) or Asian (6.4%), and female (77.5%). After including body mass index and race as covariates, there was a statistically significant interaction between HS athlete status and previous injury history such that current MVPA was higher among former HS athletes compared to HS recreational/nonathletes when individuals reported no injuries or mild injury severity. MVPA was similar across athlete status groups when participants reported high levels of injury severity. Conclusions: Future studies should examine whether young adults who have experienced multiple and/or severe injuries as competitive HS athletes have unique physical activity barriers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Serious-to-fatal injury was analyzed for second-row children aged 0–14 years and adults aged 15 and older in rear impacts by body region, restraint use, and injury mechanism using field data collected by NHTSA. 1994–2015 NASS-CDS and 2017–2020 CISS data were used to investigate the rate for Maximum Abbreviated Injury Scale (MAIS) 3 + F injury in rear crashes involving 1994+ model year vehicles. All second-row occupants were included, irrespective of restraint use and ejection status. The data were analyzed by group: children (0–14 years old) and adults (15+ years old). All available electronic files for seriously injured second-row occupants in the rear impacts were reviewed for mechanism of injury. The rate of serious injury (MAIS 3 + F) for second-row occupants was 0.93% ± 0.36% in rear crashes; it was 0.76% ± 0.39% for children and 1.22% ± 0.40% for adults. There were 2.8 AIS 3+ injuries per seriously to fatally injured occupant on average. Most serious injuries occurred to the head in children and to the head and chest in adults. Restraint use was only 31.3% for all seriously injured second-row occupants in the rear impacts. It was 45.1% for children and 17.8% for adults. The overall rate of serious injury in rear impacts was 10.0 times higher when unrestrained than restrained overall; it was 5.6 times higher for children and 20.2 times higher in adults. The case review indicated that many young children were improperly restrained or placed in the incorrect child seat. More than 17% of second-row adults were ejected; all were unrestrained. The primary mechanism for child injury was related to intrusion (86.0%). About 14% was not related to intrusion; 12.3% involved the front seat rotating rearward into the child. The primary mechanisms for adult injury differed from those for children; 68.0% was related to intrusion, 21.6% was not related to intrusion, and 10.4% involved ground impact with ejection. Of the non-intrusion-related cases, 19.1% involved acceleration forces injuring the adult and 2.5% involved the front seat rotating rearward. The primary mechanism for serious injury to second-row occupants in rear crashes was intrusion either by direct force, compression into front components, or acceleration into forward components. The front seat moving rearward was an infrequent cause for injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To analyze injury frequency, density, location, type, mechanism of injury (MOI), activity phase of injury, and injury risk in professional rodeo. Design: Retrospective epidemiological review. Setting: Professional Rodeo Cowboys Association sanctioned rodeos from 2011 to 2014. Participants: Professional Rodeo Cowboys Association competitors competing in bull riding, bareback riding, saddle bronc riding, team roping, tie-down roping, and steer wrestling. Main Outcome Measures: Injury reports were documented by sports medicine personnel. Variables assessed include event, frequency, density, location, type, MOI, activity phase of injury, and injury density. Results: A total of 2305 injuries from 139,098 competitor exposures (CEs) were reported, demonstrating overall injury density of 16.6 injuries per 1000 CEs (95% confidence interval, 0.016-0.017) and overall risk of injury of 1.69%. Rough stock riders accounted for 88.7% of all injuries. Bull riders, bareback riders, and saddle bronc riders demonstrated injury densities of 48.2, 41.1, and 23.2 injuries per 1000 CEs, respectively. Most injuries (62.9%) were sustained by collisions with the ground or animal, or being stomped on by the animal. Contusions, sprains, and concussions were the most frequent injury types (23.1%, 13.6%, and 11.6%, respectively). Neurological components, knees, and shoulders were the most injured body parts (13.4%, 11.1%, and 11.0%, respectively). Most injuries (36.8%) occurred during or immediately after the dismount. Conclusions: Rough stock events have the greatest risk of injury in professional rodeo, whereas steer wrestling has the greatest risk of injury for timed event athletes. Medical professionals should use these findings to implement prevention programming where possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this autopsy study was to investigate chest-compression associated injuries to the trunk in out-of-hospital and in-hospital non-traumatic cardiac arrest patients treated with automated external chest compression devices (ACCD; all with LUCAS II devices) versus exclusive manual chest compressions (mCC). In this retrospective single-center study, all forensic autopsies between 2011 and 2017 were included. Injuries following cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in patients treated with mCC or ACCD were investigated and statistically compared using a bivariate logistic regression. In the seven-year period with 4433 autopsies, 614 were analyzed following CPR (mCC vs. ACCD: n = 501 vs. n = 113). The presence of any type of trunk injury was correlated with longer resuscitation intervals (30 ± 15 vs. 44 ± 25 min, p < 0.05). In comparison with mCC, treatment with ACCD led to more frequent skin emphysema (5 vs 0%, p = 0.012), pneumothorax (6 vs. 1%, p = 0.008), lung lesions (19 vs. 4%, p = 0.008), hemopericardium (3 vs 1%, p = 0.025) and liver lesions (10 vs. 1%, p = 0.001), all irrespective of confounding aspects. Higher age and longer CPR durations statistically influenced frequency of sternal and rib fractures (p < 0.001). The mean number of fractured ribs did not vary significantly between the groups (6 ± 3 vs. 7 ± 2, p = 0.09). In this cohort with unsuccessful CPR, chest compression-related injuries were more frequent following ACCD application than in the mCC group, but with only minutely increased odds ratios. The severity of injuries did not differ between the groups, and no iatrogenic injury was declared by the forensic pathologist as being fatal. In the clinical routine after successful return of spontaneous circulation a computed tomography scan for CPR-associated injuries is recommended as soon as possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: In recent reports, Australian football has outranked other team sports in the frequency of hospitalizations and emergency department (ED) presentations. Understanding the profile of these and other “medical-attention” injuries is vital for developing preventive strategies that can reduce health costs. The objective of this review was to describe the frequency and profile of Australian football injuries presenting for medical attention. Data Sources: A systematic search was carried out to identify peer-reviewed articles and reports presenting original data about Australian football injuries from treatment sources (hospitals, EDs, and health-care clinics). Data extracted included injury frequency and rate, body region, and nature and mechanism of injury. Main Results: Following literature search and review, 12 publications were included. In most studies, Australian football contributed the greatest number of injuries out of any sport or recreation activity. Hospitals and EDs reported a higher proportion of upper limb than lower limb injuries, whereas the opposite was true for sports medicine clinics. In hospitals, fractures and dislocations were most prevalent out of all injuries. In EDs and clinics, sprains/strains were most common in adults and superficial injuries were predominant in children. Most injuries resulted from contact with other players or falling. Conclusions: The upper limb was the most commonly injured body region for Australian football presentations to hospitals and EDs. Strategies to prevent upper limb injuries could reduce associated public health costs. However, to understand the full extent of the injury problem in football, treatment source surveillance systems should be supplemented with other datasets, including community club-based collections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: High-quality sport-specific information about the nature, type, cause, and frequency of injuries is needed to set injury prevention priorities. This article describes the type, nature, and mechanism of injuries in community Australian Football (community AF) players, as collected through field-based monitoring of injury in teams of players. Data Sources: Compilation of published prospectively collected injury data from 3 studies in junior community AF (1202 injuries in 1950+ players) and 3 studies in adult community AF (1765 injuries in 2265 players). This was supplemented with previously unpublished data from the most recent adult community AF injury cohort study conducted in 2007 to 2008. Injuries were ranked according to most common body regions, nature of injury, and mechanism. Main Results: hi all players, lower limb injuries were the most frequent injury in community AF and were generally muscle strains, joint sprains, and superficial injuries. These injuries most commonly resulted from incidental contact with other players, or from "overexertion." Upper limb injuries were less common but included fractures, strains, and sprains that were generally caused by incidental contact between players and the result of players falling to the ground. Conclusions: Lower limb injuries are common in community AF and could have an adverse impact on sustained participation in the game. Based on what is known about their mechanisms, it is likely that a high proportion of lower limb injuries could be prevented and they should therefore be a priority for injury prevention in community AF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

1. Ecological interactions that involve aggressive confrontations between animals are important in shaping the evolution of morphology, behaviour and life history. However, as such confrontations are rarely witnessed, direct quantification of the intensity of these processes in natural populations is notoriously difficult. While the utilization of the frequency of non-lethal injuries is fraught with difficulties, it may provide information concerning different types of interaction, such as predation, intraspecific aggression and interspecific interference competition. 2. In this paper, we report on an exceptionally large difference in toe loss incidence between two populations of Podarcis sicula lizards living on small, neighbouring islands in the Adriatic Sea. We caught 900 lizards and recorded the number and location of missing toes. Subsequently, we investigated five non-mutually exclusive hypotheses concerning differences in bite force capacity, bone strength, predation intensity, average age and intraspecific aggression that may provide proximate explanations for the observed differences in injury frequencies. 3. Bite force differences differed considerably between the populations, but bone strength was found to be stronger in the populations with a higher frequency of natural scars. Predation pressure clearly differed between the populations, but we found higher injury rates under predation relaxation. 4. Our results indicate that density and consequently an increased intraspecific competition is the most likely explanation for the observed high frequencies of injuries. We suggest that the intensity of toe amputation between lizard populations may be a useable indirect indication for the intensity of intraspecific competition. 5. This study shows how a combination of morphological, physiological, behavioural and ecological measurements can be used to test assumptions implicit to alternative explanations of an observed phenomenon. Such tests can reveal how likely each of these explanations is, even if the processes leading to the phenomenon are difficult to observe directly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]