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Abstract Background Lower extremity deep vein thrombosis (LEDVT) after surgical operations is a common and fatal disease leading to unfavorable outcomes including death. Nevertheless, there has been insufficient evidence on the associations between ambient air pollution and LEDVT, particularly studies from developing regions. Methods Based on 302 LEDVT cases and 302 controls in a general hospital in Beijing, China, this unmatched retrospective case-control study investigated the associations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5), inhalable particulate matter (PM10), and ozone (O3) with odds of LEDVT. Results Per 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5, PM10, and O3 at 3-month, 6-month, and 2-year average was associated with increased LEDVT odds [odds ratios (ORs) for PM2.5: 1.10 (95%CI: 1.05, 1.14), 1.14 (95%CI: 1.09, 1.18), and 1.30 (95%CI: 1.06, 1.61); ORs for PM10: 1.06 (95%CI: 1.02, 1.10), 1.12 (95%CI: 1.08, 1.16), and 1.29 (95%CI: 1.03, 1.61); ORs for O3: 1.00 (95%CI: 0.96, 1.04), 1.16 (95%CI: 1.02, 1.31), and 2.08 (95%CI: 1.03, 4.18), respectively]. The stratified analyses, exposure-responses curves, and sensitivity analyses further highlighted the robustness of our findings. Conclusions Long-term exposures to ambient PM2.5, PM10, and O3 may increase the risk of LEDVT in patients after surgical operations. The results may be implicated in the prevention and control of adverse clinical outcomes of surgical patients associated with ambient air pollution.

ObjectiveTo explore the association of short-term exposure to particulate matter ≤ 2.5 and ≤ 10 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5 and PM10) with hospitalization risk and excess expenses burden of unstable angina pectoris (UAP) patients for providing a reference to UAP prevention. MethodsMedical records of 11 334 UAP patients hospitalized from 2019 through 2021 were collected from 6 hospitals in Yichang city, Hubei province. Local data over the same period on daily ambient air pollutants and meteorological factors were also collected from five national automatic monitoring stations and municipal weather bureau. Time-stratified case-crossover design and conditional logistic regression model were adopted to analyze the association of each 10 μg/m3 change in ambient air PM2.5 and PM10 concentration with UAP hospitalization risk and excess economic burden. ResultsIn total, 11 334 UAP case days were matched to 38 540 control days. In single pollutant model analysis, a 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 and PM10 was associated with the increased UAP hospitalization risk of 0.92% and 0.89% on lag day 0 (Lag0), 0.73% and 0.62% on Lag1, 1.00% and 0.92% over lag days 0 – 1 (Lag0 – 1), and 0.84% and 0.85% over Lag0 – 2, respectively. After adjusting for sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, ozone, temperature and relative humidity in multi-pollutant model analysis, PM2.5 was significantly associated with increased UAP hospitalization risk on days from Lag0 to Lag4 and over days from Lag0 – 1 to Lag0 – 5 and the highest increased risk was observed over Lag0 – 2 (excess risk [ER] = 1.86%, 95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 0.46% – 3.27%); PM10 showed a significant impact on UAP hospitalization risk on Lag0, Lag1, and over Lag0 – 1 and Lag0 – 2, and with the highest increased risk over Lag0 – 1 (ER = 1.19%, 95%CI: 0.23% – 2.16%). Further stratified analysis indicated that the significant association still existed for gender and seasonal subgroup patients. For males, PM2.5 and PM10 was associated with the highest increased risk over Lag0 – 1 (ER = 2.69%, 95%CI: 0.40% – 5.03%) and on Lag0 (ER = 1.59%, 95%CI: 0.47% – 2.72%). In warm season, PM2.5 and PM10 was associated with the highest increased risk over Lag0 – 2 (for PM2.5: ER = 2.69%, 95%CI: 0.40% – 5.03%; for PM10: ER = 1.59%, 95%CI: 0.47% – 2.72%). During 2019 – 2021 in Yichang city, the increments of ambient air PM2.5 and PM10 were associated with the increased UAP hospitalizations of 109 and 28 and excessive UAP-related economic burden of 1.554 and 0.373 million Chinese Yuan based on China's current secondary air quality control standards, respectively. Conclusion Short-term exposure to increased ambient air PM2.5 and PM10 can significantly increase hospitalization risk and excess expenditure of unstable angina pectoris patients in Yichang city.

Background: Lower extremity deep vein thrombosis (LEDVT) after surgical operations is a common and fatal disease leading to unfavorable outcomes including death. Nevertheless, there has been insufficient evidence on the associations between ambient air pollution and LEDVT, particularly studies from developing regions. Methods: Based on 302 LEDVT cases and 302 controls in a general hospital in Beijing, China, this unmatched retrospective case-control study investigated the associations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5), inhalable particulate matter (PM10), and ozone (O3) with odds of LEDVT. Results: Per 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5, PM10, and O3 at 3-month, 6-month, and 2-year average was associated with increased LEDVT odds [odds ratios (ORs) for PM2.5: 1.10 (95%CI: 1.05, 1.14), 1.14 (95%CI: 1.09, 1.18), and 1.30 (95%CI: 1.06, 1.61); ORs for PM10: 1.06 (95%CI: 1.02, 1.10), 1.12 (95%CI: 1.08, 1.16), and 1.29 (95%CI: 1.03, 1.61); ORs for O3: 1.00 (95%CI: 0.96, 1.04), 1.16 (95%CI: 1.02, 1.31), and 2.08 (95%CI: 1.03, 4.18), respectively]. The stratified analyses, exposure-responses curves, and sensitivity analyses further highlighted the robustness of our findings. Conclusions: Long-term exposures to ambient PM2.5, PM10, and O3 may increase the risk of LEDVT in patients after surgical operations. The results may be implicated in the prevention and control of adverse clinical outcomes of surgical patients associated with ambient air pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inhalable particulate matter in the air is one of the common pollutants, and its impact on human health is closely related to its chemical composition and particle size. This study carried out the research on the mechanisms and ways that particle pollution damages human health, and then explores the unique risks that tennis players face when training in the presence of inhalable particles. In this paper, Spearman analysis method is used to study the relationship between inhalable particulate matter in the air and the pathogenicity rate of the population. The influence of inhalable particulate matter on the cure rate of players' diseases is studied, and a dose-effect curve between particulate pollution and the health status of tennis players is revealed, to explain the extent to which inhalable particulate matter harms the health of players. The results of the study show that the pathogenic effects of PM10 and SO2 in spring (from March to May) are significantly higher than those of other seasons, while the results of fine particulate matter PM2.5 show no statistical significance based on the data in the text (P>0.05). From the perspective of male and female athletes, female athletes are more sensitive to PM10, SO2, and PM2.5 than male transporters. From the analysis of the data obtained from the multi-day cumulative lag effect, when PM10 increases by one IQR, the pathogenicity rate of male and female athletes will increase respectively by 5.91% (95%CI: 1.08-11.13) and 5.68% (95%CI: 1.63~9.21). When PM2.5 increases by one IQR, the risk of cardiovascular disease in female athletes increases by 5.09% (95% CI: 0.02~10.26). However, this index has no significant impact on male athletes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Environmental Science & Technology (10036504) is the property of Editorial Board of Environmental Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This work presents information regarding PM10, PM2.5, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), and trace elements that were obtained from two sampling stations, located in the region of Western Macedonia (North-Western Greece), over the course of a 12-month period. Τhe first sampling station was located near the village of Pontokomi (Station 1) and the second (Station 2) in the rural area of Petrana (Fig 1). Specifically, for each location, daily particulate samples PM10 (total 58 samples) and PM2.5 (total 64 samples) were collected. Moreover, and again for each location, 50 samples (22 PM10 and 28 PM2.5) were further analyzed for the determination of 15 (PAHs) and 72 samples (36 PM10 and 36 PM2.5) were further analyzed for the determination of a total of 17 trace elements. Thus, a total of approximately 10 samples per month was obtained from each sampling station (122 samples per sampling station over the course of 12 months). The samples were collected using two low volume samplers, LVS 3.1 and PNS16T-3.1 (Comde-Derenda GmbH). Trace elements were trapped using 47 mm glass fiber filters and were recovered using microwave extraction; for their determination, the graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) technique was utilized. The PAHs were trapped with 47 mm quartz fiber filters and were analyzed using dichloromethane extraction followed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry.This region of Western Macedonia has historically been the center of electricity production in Greece. Lignite is mined in open-cast mines and used as feed in a number of thermal power plants. At its peak, which was in the 1990’s, the areas produced close to 70% of electricity in Greece. Since then, electricity production (and related activities) are in decline as, due to Greece's EU commitments, the region has entered a transition, post-lignite process.

This manuscript presents the concentrations of inhalable suspended particles with diameter less than 10 µm (PM10) in the region of west Macedonia, Greece, from a total of nine locations, from 2010 to 2020. This region, the only landlocked region in the country, has acted as the pillar of electricity production in Greece since 1960, utilizing lignite in thermal power stations, which was open mined in the locality. However, following Greece's international commitments for climate action, the region has entered a transition, post-lignite process.Particulate matter concentrations in the region are monitored by the Public Power Corporation (PPC), which operates the mines and thermal power stations, using Grimm Aerosol Technik analyzer, model EDM180.

Copyright of Environmental Science & Technology (10036504) is the property of Editorial Board of Environmental Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

An ideal inhalable aerosol sampler for occupational exposure monitoring would have a sampling efficiency that perfectly matches the inhalable particulate matter (IPM) criterion. Two common aerosol samplers in use worldwide are the closed-face cassette (CFC) and the Institute of Occupational Medicine (IOM) sampler. However, the CFC is known to under-sample, with near zero sampling efficiency for particles >30 µm, whereas the IOM, considered by many to be the "gold standard" in inhalable samplers, has been shown to over-sample particles >60 µm. A new sampler in development incorporates characteristics of both the CFC and the IOM. Like the CFC, it would be disposable, have a simple design, and is intended to be oriented at a 45° downward angle. Like the IOM, the new sampler has a 15-mm inlet diameter and incorporates a 25-mm filter cassette with a protruding lip. The IOM is oriented at 0° to the horizontal, so it is hypothesized that orienting the new sampler at ∼45° downward angle will reduce oversampling of larger particles. In comparison, the CFC's inlet diameter is 4 mm; increasing the size of the inlet should allow the new sampler to have an increased efficiency relative to the CFC for all particles. A unique characteristic of the new sampler is the incorporation of a one-piece capsule-style filter that mimics the IOM's cassette but is made of disposable material. Seven different sizes of alumina particles (mean aerodynamic diameters from 4.9–62.4 µm) were tested (total = 124 samples collected). For each test, six samplers were placed on a manikin located inside a wind tunnel operated at 0.2 m/sec. Results indicated that the new sampler improved on the CFC for smaller particles, providing a larger range for which it matches the IPM criterion, up to 44.3 µm. However, the efficiency was significantly lower in comparison to the IPM criterion for particle sizes above 60 µm. Overall, the new sampler showed promise, but additional modifications may help improve sampling efficiency for larger particles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Southern Agriculture is the property of Journal of Southern Agriculture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Currently, the quantitative assessment of the public excess risk for the update of the air quality guidelines only considered the mortality and morbidity without disease burden indicators. To provide evidences for the update of air quality guidelines and the policy analysis of air control, a simple framework to identify the excess disease burden of PM10 was used in this study. Daily data on PM10, meteorological factors, and deaths were collected in this 10-year (2001-2010) time series study in Tianjin, China. The excess disease burden advanced by PM10 was assessed when the PM10 levels exceeded the expected levels. Generalized additive model was used to estimate the associations of PM10 with mortality and years of life lost (YLL). Our study found that the exposure of PM10 was associated with the increasing of mortality and YLL in different diseases. The excess deaths and YLL of different diseases advanced by PM10 when the PM10 levels exceeded the expected levels were high and showed a decreasing trend from 2001 to 2010. The annual deaths and YLL standardized per million population advanced by PM10 when the annual PM10 levels exceeded the China national ambient air quality secondary standard targets (70 μg/m3) and WHO guideline (20 μg/m3) were 126 persons, 2670 person years and 260 persons, 5449 person years, respectively. This study may provide a simple framework to identify the excess disease burden of PM and provide basic and intuitive evidences to update the air quality guidelines. Furthermore, these findings may also provide decisionmakers with intuitive quantitative information for policymaking and emphasize health considerations in air quality policy discussions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Both inhalable particulate matter (PMPM10) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) are not only one of the main causes of air pollution, but also the primary pollutants in most cities. Based on the analysis of the impacts of PMPM10 and PM2.5 on the environment and human health, this paper summarized the components, sources, and mass concentration variations of PMPM10 and PM2.5 and related affecting factors, and introduced the network layout of PMPM10 and PM2.5 monitoring and its principles and features. The research methods on the removal of PMPM10 and PM2.5 by forests, the removal rates of PMPM10 and PM2.5 by different forests, and the related affecting mechanisms were summed up at regional and individual scales, and the existed problems in this research field were discussed. Due to the lack of the comparable observation studies on the atmospheric PMPM10 and PM2.5 along different gradients and in background areas, the joint effects of multiple factors on the PMPM10 and PM2.5 concentrations are not revealed. It was suggested that to make a rational network layout of PMPM10 and PM2.5 monitoring, to correctly select proper monitoring methods, and to compare and calibrate the observed results from classical manual methods would be the bases to guarantee the validity of PMPM10 and PM2.5 monitoring data. At present, there are few reports about the PM2.5 removal by forests, and it's not clear about the physiological processes and ecological mechanisms of PMPM10 and PM2.5 removal at cell, tissue, organ, and individual level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A total of 168 PM samples were collected during the year of 2005 at eight sites in the city of Wuxi in China. Fifteen chemical elements, three water-soluble ions, total carbon and organic carbon were analyzed. Six source categories were identified and their contributions to ambient PM in Wuxi were estimated using a nested chemical mass balance method that reduces the effects of colinearity on the chemical mass balance model. In addition, the concentrations of secondary aerosols, such as secondary organic carbon, sulfate and nitrate, were quantified. The spatially averaged PM was high in the spring and winter (123 μg·m and low in the summer-fall (90 μg·m). According to the result of source apportionment, resuspended dust was the largest contributor to ambient PM, accounting for more than 50% of the PM mass. Coal combustion (14.6%) and vehicle exhaust (9.4%) were also significant source categories of ambient PM. Construction and cement dust, sulfates, secondary organic carbon, and nitrates made contributions ranging between 4.1% and 4.9%. Other source categories such as steel manufacturing dust and soil dust made low contributions to ambient PM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a literature review about the quantification and characterization of total suspended particles (TSP) and inhalable particulate matter (PM10) generated in open pit coal mining areas. Particle matter is a complex pollutant due to its physical characteristics (particle size distribution, morphology and density) and its chemical characteristics (organic and inorganic components, metals, and primary and secondary pollutants). These characteristics are critical to determine the type and the magnitude of their effects on human health. It was found that the different works published in the literature have used lab and field experiments, and also modeling studies. This literature review contributes to improve the understanding and evaluation of technologies that must be used to find solutions to this atmospheric pollution problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PM10-2.5 and PM2.5 samples were collected from December 2007 to January 2008 at six sampling sites in Urumqi Xinjiang, China. The concentrations of seven kinds of water-soluble ions-SO4 2-, NO3 -, Cl-, NH4 +, K+, Na+, and Ca2+-were analyzed using ion chromatography. The concentrations of heavy metal elements, Cr, Co, Cd, Pb, and Hg were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The results indicated that, in PM2.5 and PM10-2.5, the average mass concentration of seven kinds of water-soluble ions were from 1.00 µg m-3 to 59.9 µg m-3 and 0.45 µg m-3 to 44.7 µg m-3, of which SO4 2- was the most abundant water-soluble ion, accounting for 30.2% and 26.5% of the total ion concentration in PM2.5 and PM10-2.5 respectively. High enrichment factor values (EF>50) were obtained for Cd, Pb, and Hg reflecting the importance of anthropogenic inputs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: An inhalable particulate matter removal technique was developed based on the simultaneous effects of an electrostatic field and the thermophoretic force on the particulate matter. An experimental system was designed to measure the electrostatic and thermophoretic particulate matter removal efficiencies. An Electrical Low Pressure Impactor (ELPI) was used for on-line measurements of the particle concentration distribution in the experimental section. The experimental system was used to measure the separated and simultaneous effects of the electrostatic field, thermophoresis, water film on the inhalable particulate matter removal efficiency. The experimental results show that the inhalable particulate matter deposition efficiencies were quite low without the combined effects of the electrostatic field, thermophoresis and water film absorption. With increasing temperature difference between the gas and the cold wall with the addition of the water film, the combined effects of the electrostatic field and the thermophoretic force significantly improve the inhalable particulate matter deposition efficiencies, especially for particles smaller than 1μm (sub-micron particles). Increased gas flow rates reduced the inhalable particulate matter removal efficiency. It provided guidance to design advanced wet ESPs, which could overcome the insufficient for traditional ESP theory by utilizing the simultaneous effects of the electrostatic field, thermophoresis and water film for removing inhalable particles. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The article presents abstracts of several studies on environmental geochemistry. Some of the abstracts presented include "Biogeochemical Cycling of Nutrients in Karstic Catchments, Southwestern China: Linkages to Changes of Eco-Environments," by Congqiang Liu and "Emerging Organic Contamination in China," by Guibin Jiang and colleagues.

This work presents information regarding PM10, PM2.5, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), and trace elements that were obtained from two sampling stations, located in the region of Western Macedonia (North-Western Greece), over the course of a 12-month period. Τhe first sampling station was located near the village of Pontokomi (Station 1) and the second (Station 2) in the rural area of Petrana (Fig 1). Specifically, for each location, daily particulate samples PM10 (total 58 samples) and PM2.5 (total 64 samples) were collected. Moreover, and again for each location, 50 samples (22 PM10 and 28 PM2.5) were further analyzed for the determination of 15 (PAHs) and 72 samples (36 PM10 and 36 PM2.5) were further analyzed for the determination of a total of 17 trace elements. Thus, a total of approximately 10 samples per month was obtained from each sampling station (122 samples per sampling station over the course of 12 months). The samples were collected using two low volume samplers, LVS 3.1 and PNS16T-3.1 (Comde-Derenda GmbH). Trace elements were trapped using 47 mm glass fiber filters and were recovered using microwave extraction; for their determination, the graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) technique was utilized. The PAHs were trapped with 47 mm quartz fiber filters and were analyzed using dichloromethane extraction followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. This region of Western Macedonia has historically been the center of electricity production in Greece. Lignite is mined in open-cast mines and used as feed in a number of thermal power plants. At its peak, which was in the 1990's, the areas produced close to 70% of electricity in Greece. Since then, electricity production (and related activities) are in decline as, due to Greece's EU commitments, the region has entered a transition, post-lignite process., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.)

This manuscript presents the concentrations of inhalable suspended particles with diameter less than 10 µm (PM10) in the region of west Macedonia, Greece, from a total of nine locations, from 2010 to 2020. This region, the only landlocked region in the country, has acted as the pillar of electricity production in Greece since 1960, utilizing lignite in thermal power stations, which was open mined in the locality. However, following Greece's international commitments for climate action, the region has entered a transition, post-lignite process. Particulate matter concentrations in the region are monitored by the Public Power Corporation (PPC), which operates the mines and thermal power stations, using Grimm Aerosol Technik analyzer, model EDM180., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc.)

The proton-induced X-ray emission technique is one of the most suitable methods in the study of the multielement content of atmospheric aerosols. Atmospheric aerosol samples were collected in winter using an eight-stage cascade impactor at a site of the urban center and a rural site of Beijing. The aerosol samples collected were analyzed to determine maximum, minimum, and average concentrations of up to 20 elements and the ratios of the average element concentrations for the coarse to fine particles (C/F) by the PIXE technique. It has been found that the average elemental concentrations in the urban center are higher than those in the rural area, except S and Br. The concentrations for S and Pb in the atmospheric aerosols are found to be less than the results of previous measurement, but their concentrations in the fine particles increased in winter in the samples from the urban center. The deposition probability of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) mode and the mass particle-size distributions of the elements determined in the urban center have been utilized to evaluate inhalable particulate matter fractions retained in the three regions of one’s respiratory tract and their harm to human health is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As climate change progresses, understanding the impact on human health associated with the temperature and air pollutants has been paramount. However, the predicted effect on temperature associated with particulate matter (PM 10 ) is not well understood due to the difficulty in predicting the local and regional PM 10 . We compared temperature-attributable mortality for the baseline (2003-2012), 2030s (2026-2035), 2050s (2046-2055), and 2080s (2076-2085) based on a distributed lag non-linear model by simultaneously considering assumed levels of PM 10 on historical and projected temperatures under representative concentration pathway (RCP) scenarios. The considered projected PM 10 concentrations of 35, 50, 65, 80, and 95 μg/m 3 were based on historical concentration quantiles. Our findings confirmed greater temperature-attributable risks at PM 10 concentrations above 65 μg/m 3 due to the modification effect of the pollutants on temperature. In addition, this association between temperature and PM 10 was higher under RCP8.5 than RCP4.5. We also confirmed regional heterogeneity in temperature-attributable deaths by considering PM 10 concentrations in South Korea with higher risks in heavily populated areas. These results demonstrated that the modification association of air pollutants on health burdens attributable to increasing temperatures should be considered by researchers and policy makers.